Drop support for EOL Python 3.9

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
         name: Install Python
         with:
-          python-version: "3.9"
+          python-version: "3.14"
           cache: "pip"
 
       - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@fac544c07dec837d0ccb6301d7b5580bf5edae39 # v8.2.0

.github/workflows/perf.yml

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ jobs:
         name: Install Pythons
         with:
           python-version: |
-            3.9
             3.10
             3.11
             3.12

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os: [Ubuntu, Windows, macOS]
         python_version:
-          ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15", "3.13t", "3.14t", "3.15t", "pypy3.9", "pypy3.10", "pypy3.11"]
+          ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15", "3.13t", "3.14t", "3.15t", "pypy3.10", "pypy3.11"]
         include:
           - os: Ubuntu
             python_version: "3.11.0"

CHANGELOG.rst

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ Changelog
 *unreleased*
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
+Removals:
+
+* Drop support for EOL Python 3.9. (:pull:`1263`)
+
 Features:
 
 * Add a public :class:`~packaging.ranges.VersionRange` API and

asv.conf.json

@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@
             "PYTHONHASHSEED": ["0"]
         }
     },
-    "pythons": ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+    "pythons": ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
 }

docs/development/getting-started.rst

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ each supported Python version and run the tests. For example:
     $ nox -s tests
     ...
     nox > Ran multiple sessions:
-    nox > * tests-3.9: success
     nox > * tests-3.10: success
     nox > * tests-3.11: success
     nox > * tests-3.12: success

noxfile.py

@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
         "3.13t",
         "3.14t",
         "3.15t",
-        "pypy3.9",
         "pypy3.10",
         "pypy3.11",
     ],
@@ -675,7 +674,7 @@ def _bump(session: nox.Session, *, version: str, file: Path, kind: str) -> None:
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def _replace_file(
     original_path: Path,
-) -> Generator[tuple[IO[str], IO[str]], None, None]:
+) -> Generator[tuple[IO[str], IO[str]]]:
     # Create a temporary file.
     fh, replacement_path = tempfile.mkstemp()
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -9,15 +9,14 @@ description = "Core utilities for Python packages"
 dynamic = ["version"]
 license = "Apache-2.0 OR BSD-2-Clause"
 readme = "README.rst"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 authors = [{name = "Donald Stufft", email = "donald@stufft.io"}]
 classifiers = [
   "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
   "Intended Audience :: Developers",
   "Programming Language :: Python",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ markers = ["property: property-based tests (opt-in)"]
 strict = true
 enable_error_code = ["ignore-without-code", "redundant-expr", "truthy-bool"]
 warn_unused_ignores = true
-python_version = "3.9"
+python_version = "3.10"
 files = ["src", "tests", "noxfile.py"]
 native_parser = true
 

src/packaging/_manylinux.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def _parse_elf(path: str) -> Generator[ELFFile | None, None, None]:
+def _parse_elf(path: str) -> Generator[ELFFile | None]:
     try:
         with open(path, "rb") as f:
             yield ELFFile(f)

src/packaging/_parser.py

@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ def serialize(self) -> str:
 
 
 MarkerLogical = Literal["and", "or"]
-MarkerVar = Union[Variable, Value]
+MarkerVar = Variable | Value
 MarkerItem = tuple[MarkerVar, Op, MarkerVar]
-MarkerAtom = Union[MarkerItem, Sequence["MarkerAtom"]]
+MarkerAtom = MarkerItem | Sequence["MarkerAtom"]
 MarkerList = list[Union["MarkerList", MarkerAtom, MarkerLogical]]
 
 

src/packaging/_ranges.py

@@ -17,11 +17,10 @@
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, Sequence
-    from typing import Union
 
     # Total-order key for comparing two boundaries (boundary-vs-boundary only).
     # The post slot may be ``_BOUNDARY_INF`` for an AFTER_POSTS boundary.
-    _BoundaryOrderSuffix = tuple[int, int, int, Union[int, float], int, int]
+    _BoundaryOrderSuffix = tuple[int, int, int, int | float, int, int]
     _BoundaryOrderKey = tuple[int, tuple[int, ...], _BoundaryOrderSuffix, float]
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
 
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    _VersionOrBoundary = Union[Version, BoundaryVersion, None]
+    _VersionOrBoundary = Version | BoundaryVersion | None
 
 
 @functools.total_ordering

src/packaging/_tokenizer.py

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ def raise_syntax_error(
     @contextlib.contextmanager
     def enclosing_tokens(
         self, open_token: str, close_token: str, *, around: str
-    ) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[None]:
         if self.check(open_token):
             open_position = self.position
             self.read()

src/packaging/errors.py

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def finalize(self, msg: str) -> None:
             raise ExceptionGroup(msg, self.errors)
 
     @contextlib.contextmanager
-    def on_exit(self, msg: str) -> typing.Generator[_ErrorCollector, None, None]:
+    def on_exit(self, msg: str) -> typing.Generator[_ErrorCollector]:
         """
         Calls finalize if no uncollected errors were present.
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def on_exit(self, msg: str) -> typing.Generator[_ErrorCollector, None, None]:
         self.finalize(msg)
 
     @contextlib.contextmanager
-    def collect(self, *err_cls: type[Exception]) -> typing.Generator[None, None, None]:
+    def collect(self, *err_cls: type[Exception]) -> typing.Generator[None]:
         """
         Context manager to collect errors into the error list.
 

src/packaging/licenses/_spdx.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TypedDict

src/packaging/markers.py

@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@
 import os
 import platform
 import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from collections.abc import Set as AbstractSet
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Literal, TypedDict, Union, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal, TypedDict, cast
 
 from ._parser import MarkerAtom, MarkerList, Op, Value, Variable
 from ._parser import parse_marker as _parse_marker
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ def __dir__() -> list[str]:
     return __all__
 
 
-Operator = Callable[[str, Union[str, AbstractSet[str]]], bool]
+Operator = Callable[[str, str | AbstractSet[str]], bool]
 EvaluateContext = Literal["metadata", "lock_file", "requirement"]
 """A ``typing.Literal`` enumerating valid marker evaluation contexts.
 

src/packaging/metadata.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 import typing
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    Callable,
     Generic,
     Literal,
     TypedDict,
@@ -21,6 +20,8 @@
 from .errors import ExceptionGroup, _ErrorCollector
 
 if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
     from .licenses import NormalizedLicenseExpression
     from .version import Version
 

src/packaging/pylock.py

@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@
 import dataclasses
 import logging
 import re
-from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Callable,
     Protocol,
     TypeVar,
     cast,

src/packaging/ranges.py

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     TypeVar,
-    Union,
 )
 
 from ._ranges import (
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@
 __all__ = ["VersionRange"]
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
-UnparsedVersion = Union[Version, str]
+UnparsedVersion = Version | str
 UnparsedVersionVar = TypeVar("UnparsedVersionVar", bound=UnparsedVersion)
 
 #: The most ``!=`` exclusion fragments (``!=V`` points or ``!=P.*`` prefixes)

src/packaging/specifiers.py

@@ -16,10 +16,8 @@
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Callable,
     Final,
     TypeVar,
-    Union,
 )
 
 from ._ranges import (
@@ -37,13 +35,8 @@
 from .version import Version
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    import sys
-    from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Sequence
-
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
-        from typing import TypeGuard
-    else:
-        from typing_extensions import TypeGuard
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, Sequence
+    from typing import TypeGuard
 
     from . import ranges
     from ._ranges import Interval
@@ -75,7 +68,7 @@ def _validate_pre(pre: object, /) -> TypeGuard[bool | None]:
 
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
-UnparsedVersion = Union[Version, str]
+UnparsedVersion = Version | str
 UnparsedVersionVar = TypeVar("UnparsedVersionVar", bound=UnparsedVersion)
 
 

src/packaging/utils.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
-from typing import NewType, Union, cast
+from typing import NewType, cast
 
 from .tags import InvalidTag, Tag, UnsortedTagsError, parse_tag
 from .version import InvalidVersion, Version, _TrimmedRelease
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def __dir__() -> list[str]:
     return __all__
 
 
-BuildTag = Union[tuple[()], tuple[int, str]]
+BuildTag = tuple[()] | tuple[int, str]
 """
 A wheel build tag: an empty tuple, or a ``(build number, build tag suffix)`` pair.
 

src/packaging/version.py

@@ -12,14 +12,13 @@
 import re
 import sys
 import typing
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    Callable,
     Literal,
     NamedTuple,
     SupportsInt,
     TypedDict,
-    Union,
 )
 
 if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -66,14 +65,14 @@ def __dir__() -> list[str]:
     return __all__
 
 
-LocalType = tuple[Union[int, str], ...]
+LocalType = tuple[int | str, ...]
 
 CmpLocalType = tuple[tuple[int, str], ...]
 CmpSuffix = tuple[int, int, int, int, int, int]
-CmpKey = Union[
-    tuple[int, tuple[int, ...], CmpSuffix],
-    tuple[int, tuple[int, ...], CmpSuffix, CmpLocalType],
-]
+CmpKey = (
+    tuple[int, tuple[int, ...], CmpSuffix]
+    | tuple[int, tuple[int, ...], CmpSuffix, CmpLocalType]
+)
 VersionComparisonMethod = Callable[[CmpKey, CmpKey], bool]
 
 
@@ -431,8 +430,7 @@ def __init__(self, version: str) -> None:
                 # propagate to the caller.
                 if "" in version.split("."):
                     raise InvalidVersion(f"Invalid version: {version!r}") from None
-                # TODO: remove "no cover" when Python 3.9 is dropped.
-                raise  # pragma: no cover
+                raise
 
             self._epoch = 0
             self._pre = None

tasks/pickle_compat.py

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ def verify(path: pathlib.Path, expected_version: str | None = None) -> int:
             return 1
 
         for i, (loaded, expected) in enumerate(
-            zip(loaded_list, expected_list)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+            zip(loaded_list, expected_list, strict=False)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
         ):
             if type(loaded) is not expected_cls:
                 print(

tests/test_dependency_groups.py

@@ -19,12 +19,7 @@
 from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    import sys
-
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
-        from typing import TypeAlias
-    else:
-        from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+    from typing import TypeAlias
 
     GroupsTable: TypeAlias = "dict[str, list[str | dict[str, str]]]"
 

tests/test_manylinux.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-def clear_lru_cache() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+def clear_lru_cache() -> Generator[None]:
     yield
     _get_glibc_version.cache_clear()
     _get_manylinux_module.cache_clear()

tests/test_musllinux.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class Proc(typing.NamedTuple):
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-def clear_lru_cache() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+def clear_lru_cache() -> Generator[None]:
     yield
     _get_musl_version.cache_clear()
 

tests/test_specifiers.py

@@ -3090,7 +3090,7 @@ def test_range_bounds_hashable_and_equal(self) -> None:
         """Range bounds are hashable and support equality."""
         a = Specifier(">1.0")._to_ranges()
         b = Specifier(">1.0")._to_ranges()
-        for (al, au), (bl, bu) in zip(a, b):
+        for (al, au), (bl, bu) in zip(a, b, strict=True):
             hash(al)
             hash(au)
             assert al == bl