📚 A comprehensive summary of recent benchmarks for evaluating and training Medical Vision-Language Models (Med-VLMs)
-
🧑🔬 Zanting Ye
Southern Medical University
📧 yzt2861252880@gmail.com -
🧑🔬 Xu Han
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
📧 hanxv8826@gmail.com -
🧑🔬 Xiaolong Niu
Southern Medical University -
🧑🔬 Zian Wang
Shanghai Jiao Tong University -
🧑🔬 Shengyuan Liu
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
📧 liushengyuan@link.cuhk.edu.hk -
🧑🔬 Xin Liu
Southern Medical University
📧 lx10230114@gmail.com -
👨🏫 Lijun Lu
Southern Medical University
With the continuous advancement of research on Medical Vision-Language Models (Med-VLMs) and their reasoning capabilities, a number of high-quality, publicly available datasets focusing on medical reasoning have been released between March and May 2025. These datasets provide a solid foundation for the development of multimodal medical AI systems.
Med-VLM-Bench is a curated, continuously updated repository of the latest and most important datasets for training and evaluating medical LLMs and VLMs. This project focuses on:
- ✅ Reasoning-centric multimodal benchmarks
- 📅 Latest datasets published in Mar 2025–2026
- 🧠 Foundational datasets from 2023–2024
- 🔗 Direct access to dataset links or HuggingFace/GitHub repositories
💡 Our knowledge is limited to public sources. We welcome community contributions — feel free to open an issue to share new datasets, and we will update promptly.
📌Note: The annotation time of the dataset is based on the publication time of the corresponding article.
- 2026-01-21: 🎉 Added some recent datasets and benchmarks!Check it out for detailed information and download links!
- 2025-06-29: 🎉 Added new datasets/benchmarks AbdomenAtlas 3.0 (ICCV2025), Derm1M(ICCV2025), MedTVT-R1, , GEMeX(ICCV2025) and HIE-Reasoning(ICML2025). Check it out for detailed information and download links!
- 2025-06-18: 🎉 Added new datasets/benchmarks Lingshu, ReasonMed. Check it out for detailed information and download links!
- 2025-06-11: 🎉 Added some recent datasets and benchmarks!
- 2025-06-11: 🎉 Create our github project!
| Dataset Name | Paper Title | Year / Venue | Data Modality | Task Type | Size | Download Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multi-RADS | Multi-RADS Synthetic Radiology Report Dataset and Head-to-Head Benchmarking of 41 Open-Weight and Proprietary Language Models | 2026.1.6 | Text (Synthetic Reports) | RADS Classification | 1,600 synthetic reports covering 17 distinct imaging findings. | Github |
| Bones and Joints (B&J) Benchmark | The Illusion of Clinical Reasoning: A Benchmark Reveals the Pervasive Gap in Vision Language Models for Clinical Competency | 2025.12.25 | Text & Image (X-ray, CT, MRI) | VQA & Treatment Planning | 1,245 question-answer pairs spanning 7 clinical competency tasks. | Hugging Face |
| MediEval | MediEval: A Unified Medical Benchmark for Patient-Contextual and Knowledge-Grounded Reasoning in LLMs | 2025.12.23 | Text (EHR & Notes) | Natural Language Inference | 37,144 medical statements derived from 2,015 hospital admissions. | GitHub |
| TCM-BEST4SDT | A benchmark dataset for evaluating Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment in large language models | 2025.12.2 | Text (TCM Case Reports) | Syndrome Differentiation | 600 total questions including 300 clinical syndrome differentiation cases. | GitHub |
| SurgMLLMBench | SurgMLLMBench: A Multimodal Large Language Model Benchmark Dataset for Surgical Scene Understanding | 2025.11.26 | Video & Text | Surgical Scene Understanding | 10,652 frames with annotations integrated from 5 surgical datasets. | project page |
| MedVision | MedVision: Dataset and Benchmark for Quantitative Medical Image Analysis | 2025.11.24 | Image (CT, MRI, X-ray, PET) | Detection & Measurement | 30.8 million image-annotation pairs across 22 public datasets. | project page |
| EHRStruct | EHRStruct: A Comprehensive Benchmark Framework for Evaluating Large Language Models on Structured Electronic Health Record Tasks | 2025.12.1 | Structured EHR (Tables) | Relational Data Reasoning | 2,200 task-specific samples across 11 data and knowledge tasks. | GitHub |
| TCM-Eval | TCM-Eval: An Expert-Level Dynamic and Extensible Benchmark for Traditional Chinese Medicine | 2025.12.26 | Text (TCM Knowledge) | Professional MCQ | 6,099 questions from expert-level Chinese medical examinations. | dataset |
| RxSafeBench | RxSafeBench: Identifying Medication Safety Issues of Large Language Models in Simulated Consultation | BIBM2025 | Text (Dialogue & MCQ) | Medication Safety QA | 2,443 consultation scenarios including 1,063 contraindication cases. | GitHub |
| SemBench | SemBench: A Benchmark for Semantic Query Processing Engines | 2025.11.3 | Text (Knowledge Graph) | Semantic Query Evaluation | 1,400+ SPARQL templates for evaluating medical query engines. | GitHub |
| XBench | XBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Visual-Language Explanations in Chest Radiography | 2025.10.22 | Image (X-ray) & Text | Grounding & Explanation | 12,601 chest X-ray cases with localization and textual explanations. | GitHub |
| IMB | IMB: An Italian Medical Benchmark for Question Answering | CLIC-it 2025 | Text (Italian) | Medical QA & MCQA | 808,506 items featuring 782,644 clinical Italian conversations. | GitHub |
| ViPET-ReportGen | Toward a Vision-Language Foundation Model for Medical Data: Multimodal Dataset and Benchmarks for Vietnamese PET/CT Report Generation | NeurIPS 2025 | Image (3D PET/CT) & Text | Report Generation & VQA | 1.5 million slices paired with 2,757 Vietnamese clinical reports. | GitHub |
| Neural-MedBench | Beyond Classification Accuracy: Neural-MedBench and the Need for Deeper Reasoning Benchmarks | 2025.12.13 | Text & Image (MRI/CT) | Differential Diagnosis | 120 expert cases resulting in 200 depth-of-reasoning tasks. | Project page |
| MedQARo | MedQARo: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on Medical Question Answering in Romanian | 2025.12.31 | Text (Romanian) | Multilingual QA | 102,646 Romanian QA pairs covering 1,011 clinical patients. | GitHub |
| AnesSuite | AnesSuite: A Comprehensive Benchmark and Dataset Suite for Anesthesiology Reasoning in LLMs | 2025.12.25 | Text (Anesthesiology) | Specialized Knowledge QA | 4,427 anesthesiology MCQ items focused on complex decision-making. | GitHub |
| TracSum | TracSum: A New Benchmark for Aspect-Based Summarization with Sentence-Level Traceability in Medical Domain | the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing | Text (Abstracts/Notes) | Aspect-Based Summarization | 500 abstracts resulting in 3,500 summary-citation traceable pairs. | GitHub |
| MedAgentBoard | MedAgentBoard: Benchmarking Multi-Agent Collaboration with Conventional Methods for Diverse Medical Tasks | 2025.10.30 | Text, Image & EHR | Multi-Agent Collaboration | 8 benchmark categories designed for multi-agent reasoning tasks. | Project page |
| HEAL-MedVQA | Localizing Before Answering: A Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Grounded Medical Multimodal LLMs | 2025IJCAI | Image & Text | Grounded Medical VQA | 11,000+ samples requiring localization prior to medical answering. | Project page |
| BRIDGE | BRIDGE: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Understanding Real-world Clinical Practice Text | 2025.10.28 | Text (EHR & Notes) | Multitask Evaluation | 1.4 million samples covering 87 tasks in 9 different languages. | Project page |
| LLMEval-Med | LLMEval-Med: A Real-world Clinical Benchmark for Medical LLMs with Physician Validation | 2025.8.31 | Text | Clinical QA Validation | ~1,000 real-world cases validated via physician-in-the-loop audits. | GitHub |
| CSEDB | A Novel Evaluation Benchmark for Medical LLMs: Illuminating Safety and Effectiveness in Clinical Domains | 2025.8.13 | Text (Clinical Context) | Safety-Effectiveness Eval | 30 criteria across 26 specialties based on expert physician consensus. | GitHub |
| SSG-VQA | Challenging Vision-Language Models with Surgical Data: A New Dataset and Broad Benchmarking Study | 2025.7.8 | Image & Text | Surgical VQA | 1,300+ scene graph samples focused on instrument-tissue interaction. | GitHub |
| M$^3$-Med | M$^3$-Med: A Benchmark for Multi-lingual, Multi-modal, and Multi-hop Reasoning in Medical Instructional Video Understanding | 2025.7.6 | Video & Text | Multi-hop Reasoning | 3,748 instructional videos with 12,747 reasoning-intensive QA pairs. | Project page |
| PET2Rep | PET2Rep: Towards Vision-Language Model-Drived Automated Radiology Report Generation for Positron Emission Tomography | 2025.08.06 | Text + Image (PET/CT) | Report Generation | 565 whole-body paired pet/ct data combinations with detailed radiology report | Github |
| MedTVT-QA | MedTVT-R1: A Multimodal LLM Empowering Medical Reasoning and Diagnosis | 2025.06.23 | Text + Time Series (ECG) + Image (CXR) + Tabular (Lab Test) | Multimodal Medical Reasoning, Multi-disease Diagnosis, Report Generation | 8,706 multimodal data combinations used to generate QA pairs | Github |
| HIE-Reasoning | Visual and Domain Knowledge for Professional-level Graph-of-Thought Medical Reasoning | 2025.06.18(ICML2025) | Text + Image (MRI) + Clinical Data | Professional-level Medical Reasoning, Neurocognitive Outcome Prediction, Lesion Analysis | 133 unique MRIs, 749 professional QA pairs, 133 interpretation summaries | Github |
| ReasonMed | ReasonMed: A 370K Multi-Agent Generated Dataset for Advancing Medical Reasoning | 2025.06.11 | Text (Multi-agent CoT, Summary, QA) | Medical Reasoning, QA, CoT Fine-tuning | 370K high-quality samples distilled from 1.75M CoT paths, based on 195K questions from 4 benchmarks | HF |
| Lingshu (Train) | Lingshu: A Generalist Foundation Model for Unified Multimodal Medical Understanding and Reasoning | 2025.06.08 | Text + Image (Multimodal Instruction, VQA, Report) | Multimodal Medical QA, Reasoning, Consultation, Report Generation | ~9.3M training samples from 60+ datasets | Project Page |
| MedEvalKit (Linshu Test) | Lingshu: A Generalist Foundation Model for Unified Multimodal Medical Understanding and Reasoning | 2025.06.08 | Text + Image (Multimodal Benchmarks) | Benchmarking: VQA, Report Generation, Medical Text QA | 152,066 evaluation samples from 16 benchmarks | Github |
| MIRIAD | MIRIAD: Augmenting LLMs with millions of medical query-response pairs | 2025.06.09 | Text (Instruction-Response) | Medical QA, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), Hallucination Detection | 5.8M / 4.4M QA pairs | HF |
| ClinBench-HPB | ClinBench-HPB: A Clinical Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs in Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases | 2025.06.04 | Text (Multiple-choice Questions, Clinical Cases) | Medical Question Answering, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Clinical Case Diagnosis | 3,535 MCQs & 337 clinical cases, covering 465+ Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary diseases | Project Page, HF |
| SurgVLM-DB | SurgVLM-DB: A Large-scale Multimodal Surgical Database Comprising Over 1.81 Million Frames with 7.79 Million Conversations | 2025.06 | Video + Text | Multimodal QA | 1.81M frames, 7.79M QAs | GitHub |
| EndoBench | EndoBench: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Multi-Modal Large Language Models for Endoscopy Analysis | 2025.05.29 | Image + Text (Visual QA, Multimodal Tasks, Multi-level Visual Prompts) | Endoscopy Analysis, Medical Imaging, Multimodal Model Evaluation | Covers 4 endoscopy scenarios (Gastroscopy, Colonoscopy, Capsule Endoscopy, Surgical Endoscopy); includes 12 clinical tasks and 12 subtasks; 5 levels of visual prompt granularity; 6832 clinically validated VQA samples | HF |
| MedXpertQA | MedXpertQA: Benchmarking Expert-Level Medical Reasoning and Understanding | ICML2025 | Text + Image (Multimodal MCQs) | Expert-level Medical QA, Clinical Reasoning, Multimodal Understanding | 4,460 questions (2,455 text / 2,005 image) | HF |
| MedCaseReasoning | MedCaseReasoning: Evaluating and Learning Diagnostic Reasoning from Clinical Case Reports | 2025.05.20 | Text | Diagnostic Reasoning | 14,489 QA cases | GitHub |
| vlm-project-with-images-with-bbox-images-with-tree-of-thoughts | - | 2025.06 | MRI Image + BBox + Multilingual QA (Including 7 languages: vi, en, fr, de, zh, ko, ja) | VQA, Lesion Detection, Clinical Reasoning (Tree-of-Thought) | 12.3k samples | HF |
| DrVD-Bench | DrVD-Bench: Do Vision-Language Models Reason Like Human Doctors in Medical Image Diagnosis? | 2025.05.30 | Medical Images + Text | VQA, Reasoning, Report Gen. | 7,789 image–QA pairs | GitHub, HF |
| MedS-Ins | Towards Evaluating and Building Versatile LLMs for Medicine | 2025.05 | Text | Instruction Tuning | 5M instances, 19K instructions | HF |
| MedS-Bench | - | 2025.05 | Text | Clinical Task Benchmark | 11 task types | HF |
| MM-Skin | MM-Skin:Enhancing Dermatology VLM with an Image-Text Dataset Derived from Textbooks | 2025.05.09 | Image + Text | Open-ended VQA (no reasoning) | - | GitHub |
| AlphaMed19K | Beyond Distillation: Pushing the Limits of Medical LLM Reasoning with Minimalist Rule-Based RL | 2025.05.23 | Text | QA Reasoning | 19K QAs | HF |
| Derm1M | Derm1M: A Million-scale Vision-Language Dataset Aligned with Clinical Ontology Knowledge for Dermatology | 2025.04.13(ICCV2025) | Text + Image (Dermatology) | Skin Disease Classification, Concept Identification, Cross-modal Retrieval | 1,029,761 image-text pairs | Github |
| GEMeX | GEMeX: A Large-Scale, Groundable, and Explainable Medical VQA Benchmark for Chest X-ray Diagnosis | 2025.03.23 (ICCV2025) | Text + Image (Chest X-ray) | Medical Visual Question Answering (VQA) for Chest X-ray Diagnosis | 151,025 images and 1,605,575 QA pairs | HF, Github |
| Surg-396K | EndoChat: Grounded Multimodal Large Language Model for Endoscopic Surgery | 2025.03.15 | Image + Text (Multimodal Instruction, VQA, Grounding, Description) | Endoscopic Surgery, Surgical Scene Understanding, Visual QA, Grounded Dialogue | 396K instruction-image pairs from 41.4K images across 3 datasets (EndoVis, CoPESD, Cholec80) with 5 conversation types and 7 scene understanding tasks | GitHub, Data Link |
| AbdomenAtlas 3.0 | RadGPT: Constructing 3D Image-Text Tumor Datasets | 2025.01.08(ICCV2025) | Text + 3D Image (Abdominal CT) | 3D Abdominal CT Report Generation, Tumor Segmentation, Staging, and Analysis | 9,262 3D CT scans with paired reports, detailing 8,562 tumor instances | Github, HF |
| HuatuoGPT-o1 Dataset | HuatuoGPT-o1，Towards Medical Complex Reasoning with LLMs | 2024.12.25 | Text (Complex CoT, Medical Verifiable Problems, Multi-Step Reasoning) | Medical Complex Reasoning, CoT Fine-tuning, Reinforcement Learning | Contains 40K high-quality medical complex reasoning problems filtered by a medical verifier, based on MedQA-USMLE and MedMCQA medical exam training sets | GitHub, HF |
| PubMedVision | HuatuoGPT-Visionn, Towards Injecting Medical Visual Knowledge into Multimodal LLMs at Scale | 2024.09.30 | Image + Text (Multimodal) | Medical VQA (Alignment VQA, Instruction-Tuning VQA), Captioning, Summarization | 1.3M VQA samples from 914,960 filtered PubMed medical images & text (647K + 647K) | Hugging Face |
| PMC-VQA | PMC-VQA: Visual Instruction Tuning for Medical VQA | 2024.08.08 | Image + Text | VQA | 226,946 QA pairs | HF |
| VQARad | - | 2023.08.07 | Radiography | VQA | 315 images, 3,515 QAs | OSF |
| Asclepius | Asclepius: A Spectrum Evaluation Benchmark for Medical Multi-Modal Large Language Models | ACL 2025 | Image + Text | VQA | 3232 VQA pairs encompassing 15 medical specialties, stratifying into 3 main categories and 8 sub-categories of clinical tasks | GitHub |
| MedTrinity-25M | MedTrinity-25M: A Large-scale Multimodal Dataset with Multigranular Annotations for Medicine | ICLR 2025 | Image + Text | VQA | 25M VQA pairs, covering over 25 million images across 10 modalities | HF |
| MediConfusion | MediConfusion: Can you trust your AI radiologist? Probing the reliability of multimodal medical foundation models | ICLR 2025 | Image + Text | VQA | 176 confusing pairs, a set of two images that share the same question and corresponding answer options, but the correct answer is different for the images. | HF |
| GMAI-MMBench | GMAI-MMBench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Evaluation Benchmark Towards General Medical AI | NeurIPS 2024 | Multi-modal (38 types) | VQA | 26K QA pairs | HF |
| PathMMU | PathMMU: A Massive Multimodal Expert-Level Benchmark for Understanding and Reasoning in Pathology | 2024.03.20 | Pathology Image + Text | Multi-choice, Reasoning | 33,428 QAs, 24,067 images | HF |
| OmniMedVQA | OmniMedVQA: A New Large-Scale Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Medical LVLM | CVPR 2024 | Multi-modal (12 types) | VQA | 118,010 images, 127,995 QA | OpenXLab |
| CARES | A Comprehensive Benchmark of Trustworthiness in Medical Vision Language Models | NeurIPS 2024 | Medical Images + QA | Open/Closed QA | 41K QA pairs | GitHub |
| MultiMedEval | MultiMedEval: A Benchmark and a Toolkit for Evaluating Medical Vision-Language Models | 2024.02.16 | Image + Text | Multi-task Evaluation | 6 tasks, 23 datasets | GitHub |
| medical-o1-reasoning-SFT | HuatuoGPT-o1, Towards Medical Complex Reasoning with LLMs | ACL 2025 | Medical VQA、Reasoning | Medical VQA | 19.7k QA pairs | HF |
随着医学视觉语言模型（Med-VLM）及其推理能力研究的持续推进，尤其在 2025 年 3 月至 5 月期间，陆续发布了众多高质量、聚焦于医学推理能力的新型公开数据集，为多模态医疗人工智能的发展提供了坚实的数据基础。为此，我们希望尽可能汇总这一些数据，期待能为该社区提供更便捷的数据访问方式。我们发布了Med-VLM-Bench：
Med-VLM-Bench 致力于汇总并整理这些模型训练与评估的关键资源：
- ✅ 聚焦 2025 年 3月–2026年发布的新数据集
- 🧠 重点强调推理能力、多模态理解和问答能力的数据集
- 🧪 同时覆盖 2023–2024 年的经典Med LLM/VLM benchmark datasets
- 🔗 提供直接可用的下载链接和开源地址
💡 我们的知识来源有限，欢迎大家通过 Issue 或 PR 推荐更多数据集，我们会第一时间更新！
📌Note: 此外我们的数据集标注时间以相应文章发表时间为准
| 数据集名称 | 论文标题 | 年份 / 会议 | 数据模态 | 任务类型 | 数据规模 | 下载链接 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multi-RADS | Multi-RADS Synthetic Radiology Report Dataset... | 2026.1.6 | 文本 (合成报告) | RADS 分类 | 1,600 份合成报告，涵盖 17 种影像发现。 | Github |
| Bones and Joints (B&J) Benchmark | The Illusion of Clinical Reasoning... | 2025.12.25 | 文本与图像 (X光, CT, MRI) | 视觉问答 (VQA) 与治疗计划 | 1,245 个问答对，涵盖 7 项临床能力任务。 | Hugging Face |
| MediEval | MediEval: A Unified Medical Benchmark... | 2025.12.23 | 文本 (电子健康记录与笔记) | 自然语言推理 (NLI) | 37,144 条医疗陈述，源自 2,015 次入院记录。 | GitHub |
| TCM-BEST4SDT | A benchmark dataset for evaluating Syndrome... | 2025.12.2 | 文本 (中医病历报告) | 辨证论治 | 总计 600 道题目，包含 300 例临床辨证案例。 | GitHub |
| SurgMLLMBench | SurgMLLMBench: A Multimodal Large Language Model... | 2025.11.26 | 视频与文本 | 手术场景理解 | 10,652 帧标注图像，整合自 5 个手术数据集。 | project page |
| MedVision | MedVision: Dataset and Benchmark for Quantitative... | 2025.11.24 | 图像 (CT, MRI, X光, PET) | 检测与测量 | 3,080 万个图像-标注对，涵盖 22 个公共数据集。 | project page |
| EHRStruct | EHRStruct: A Comprehensive Benchmark Framework... | 2025.12.1 | 结构化电子健康记录 (表格) | 关系数据推理 | 2,200 个针对 11 项任务的特定评估样本。 | GitHub |
| TCM-Eval | TCM-Eval: An Expert-Level Dynamic and Extensible... | 2025.12.26 | 文本 (中医知识) | 专业选择题 (MCQ) | 6,099 道来自专家级中医考试的题目。 | dataset |
| RxSafeBench | RxSafeBench: Identifying Medication Safety Issues... | BIBM2025 | 文本 (对话与选择题) | 用药安全问答 | 2,443 个咨询场景，包含 1,063 例禁忌症案例。 | GitHub |
| SemBench | SemBench: A Benchmark for Semantic Query Processing... | 2025.11.3 | 文本 (知识图谱) | 语义查询评估 | 1,400 多个用于评估医疗查询引擎的模板。 | GitHub |
| XBench | XBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Visual... | 2025.10.22 | 图像 (X光) 与文本 | 定位与解释 | 12,601 例附带定位与文本解释的胸片案例。 | GitHub |
| IMB | IMB: An Italian Medical Benchmark for Question Answering | CLIC-it 2025 | 文本 (意大利语) | 医疗问答与选择题 | 808,506 条数据，包含 78 万条临床对话。 | GitHub |
| ViPET-ReportGen | Toward a Vision-Language Foundation Model for Medical... | NeurIPS 2025 | 图像 (3D PET/CT) 与文本 | 报告生成与视觉问答 | 150 万张切片，配对 2,757 份越南语临床报告。 | GitHub |
| Neural-MedBench | Beyond Classification Accuracy: Neural-MedBench... | 2025.12.13 | 文本与图像 (MRI/CT) | 鉴别诊断 | 120 个专家病例，衍生出 200 个深度推理任务。 | Project page |
| AnesSuite | AnesSuite: A Comprehensive Benchmark and Dataset... | 2025.12.25 | 文本 (麻醉学) | 专业知识问答 | 4,427 个专注于复杂决策的麻醉学选择题。 | GitHub |
| MedQARo | MedQARo: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Evaluating... | 2025.12.31 | 文本 (罗马尼亚语) | 多语言问答 | 102,646 个罗马尼亚语问答对，涵盖 1,011 名患者。 | GitHub |
| TracSum | TracSum: A New Benchmark for Aspect-Based Summarization... | EMNLP 2025 | 文本 (摘要/笔记) | 基于维度的医疗摘要 | 500 篇摘要，生成 3,500 个可追溯的摘要-引用对。 | GitHub |
| MedAgentBoard | MedAgentBoard: Benchmarking Multi-Agent Collaboration... | 2025.10.30 | 文本, 图像与记录 | 多智能体协作 | 8 个基准类别，专为多智能体推理任务设计。 | Project page |
| HEAL-MedVQA | Localizing Before Answering: A Hallucination Evaluation... | IJCAI 2025 | 图像与文本 | 基于定位的医疗 VQA | 11,000 多个要求在回答前先定位病理区域的样本。 | Project page |
| BRIDGE | BRIDGE: Benchmarking Large Language Models for... | 2025.10.28 | 文本 (电子健康记录与笔记) | 多任务评估 | 140 万个样本，涵盖 9 种语言的 87 项任务。 | Project page |
| LLMEval-Med | LLMEval-Med: A Real-world Clinical Benchmark for Medical... | 2025.8.31 | 文本 | 临床问答验证 | 约 1,000 例通过医师参与审计验证的真实案例。 | GitHub |
| CSEDB | A Novel Evaluation Benchmark for Medical LLMs... | 2025.8.13 | 文本 (临床语境) | 安全性-有效性评估 | 基于专家共识的 30 项标准，涵盖 26 个专科。 | GitHub |
| SSG-VQA | Challenging Vision-Language Models with Surgical Data... | 2025.7.8 | 图像与文本 | 手术视觉问答 (VQA) | 1,300 多个专注于器械-组织交互的场景图样本。 | GitHub |
| M$^3$-Med | M$^3$-Med: A Benchmark for Multi-lingual, Multi-modal... | 2025.7.6 | 视频与文本 | 多跳推理 | 3,748 段教学视频，包含 12,747 个重推理问答对。 | Project page |
| PET2Rep | PET2Rep: Towards Vision-Language Model-Drived Automated Radiology Report Generation for Positron Emission Tomography | 2025.08.06 | Text + Image (PET/CT) | 报告生成 | 565全身配对PET/CT数据组合与详细的放射学报告 | Github |
| MedTVT-QA | MedTVT-R1: A Multimodal LLM Empowering Medical Reasoning and Diagnosis | 2025.06.23 | 文本 + 时间序列 (心电图) + 图像 (胸部X光) + 表格 (血液检测) | 多模态医疗推理、多病种诊断、报告生成 | 用于生成QA对的8,706组多模态数据组合 | Github |
| HIE-Reasoning | Visual and Domain Knowledge for Professional-level Graph-of-Thought Medical Reasoning | 2025.06.18(ICML2025) | 文本 + 图像 (MRI) + 临床数据 | 专业级医疗推理、神经认知结局预测、病灶分析 | 133个独立MRI、749个专业问答对、133份解读摘要 | Github |
| ReasonMed | ReasonMed: A 370K Multi-Agent Generated Dataset for Advancing Medical Reasoning | 2025.06.11 | 文本（多代理推理、多步总结、医学问答） | 医学推理、问答、链式思维微调 | 从 175 万条 CoT 路径中精炼出的 37 万高质量样本，覆盖来自 4 个基准的 19.5 万问题 | HF |
| Lingshu（Train） | Lingshu: A Generalist Foundation Model for Unified Multimodal Medical Understanding and Reasoning | 2025.06.08 | 文本 + 图像（多模态指令、VQA、报告） | 多模态医学问答、推理、问诊、报告生成 | 约 930 万训练样本，来自 60+ 数据集 | Project Page |
| MedEvalKit（Linshu test） | Lingshu: A Generalist Foundation Model for Unified Multimodal Medical Understanding and Reasoning | 2025.06.08 | 文本 + 图像（多模态评测基准） | 基准评测：VQA、报告生成、医学文本问答 | 共 152,066 个评估样本，来自 16 个基准数据集 | Github |
| MIRIAD | MIRIAD: Augmenting LLMs with millions of medical query-response pairs | 2025.06.09 | 文本（指令-回答对） | 医学问答、RAG 检索增强、幻觉检测 | 582 万 / 448 万 | HF |
| ClinBench-HPB | ClinBench-HPB: A Clinical Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs in Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases | 2025.06.04 | 文本 (选择题, 临床病例) | 医学问答, 临床病例诊断 | 3,535道选择题和337个临床病例, 覆盖465+种肝胆胰疾病 | Project Page, HF |
| SurgVLM-DB | SurgVLM-DB: A Large-Scale Multimodal Surgical Database | 2025.06 | 视频 + 文本 | 多模态问答 | 1.81M帧, 7.79M对话 | GitHub |
| EndoBench | EndoBench: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Multi-Modal Large Language Models for Endoscopy Analysis | 2025.05.29 | 图像+文本（视觉问答、多模态任务、多层次视觉提示） | 内镜分析、医学影像、多模态模型评估 | 覆盖胃镜、结肠镜、胶囊内镜和手术内镜 4 大场景；包含 12 个临床任务及 12 个次任务；5 种视觉提示粒度；6832 个经过临床验证的 VQA 样本 | HF |
| MedXpertQA | MedXpertQA: Benchmarking Expert-Level Medical Reasoning and Understanding | ICML2025 | 文本 + 图像（多模态选择题） | 专家级医学问答、临床推理、多模态理解 | 共 4,460 题（文本 2,455 / 图像 2,005） | HF |
| MedCaseReasoning | MedCaseReasoning: Evaluating and Learning Diagnostic Reasoning from Clinical Case Reports | 2025.05.20 | 文本 | 诊断推理 | 14,489问答对 | GitHub |
| vlm-project-with-images-with-bbox-images-with-tree-of-thoughts | - | 2025.06 | MRI 图像 + BBox + 多语种问答（vi, en, fr, de, zh, ko, ja） | 医学VQA、病灶检测、临床推理（Tree-of-Thought） | 12,325 条样本 | HF |
| DrVD-Bench | DrVD-Bench: Do Vision-Language Models Reason Like Human Doctors in Medical Image Diagnosis? | 2025.05.30 | 医学图像 + 文本 | 医学VQA、推理、报告生成 | 7,789图文QA对 | GitHub, HF |
| MedS-Ins | Towards Evaluating and Building Versatile LLMs for Medicine | 2025.05 | 文本 | 指令微调 | 5M样本, 19K指令 | HF |
| MedS-Bench | - | 2025.05 | 文本 | 临床任务评估 | 11大类任务 | HF |
| MM-Skin | MM-Skin:Enhancing Dermatology VLM with an Image-Text Dataset Derived from Textbooks | 2025.05.09 | 图像 + 文本 | 开放式VQA（无推理） | - | GitHub |
| AlphaMed19K | Beyond Distillation: Pushing the Limits of Medical LLM Reasoning with Minimalist Rule-Based RL | 2025.05.23 | 文本 | 推理问答 | 19K问答对 | HF |
| Derm1M | Derm1M: A Million-scale Vision-Language Dataset Aligned with Clinical Ontology Knowledge for Dermatology | 2025.04.13(ICCV2025) | 文本 + 图像（皮肤病学） | 皮肤病分类、概念识别、跨模态检索 | 1,029,761个图文对 | Github |
| GEMeX | GEMeX: A Large-Scale, Groundable, and Explainable Medical VQA Benchmark for Chest X-ray Diagnosis | 2025.03.23 (ICCV2025) | 文本 + 图像（胸部X光片） | 用于胸部X光诊断的医疗视觉问答（VQA） | 151,025张图片和1,605,575个问答 | HF, Github |
| Surg-396K | EndoChat: Grounded Multimodal Large Language Model for Endoscopic Surgery | 2025.03.15 | 图像 + 文本（多模态指令、问答、目标定位、详细描述） | 内窥镜外科、手术场景理解、视觉问答、定位对话 | 来自 EndoVis、CoPESD 和 Cholec80 的 41,400 张图像，生成 396,000 图文对，覆盖 5 种对话类型与 7 类手术理解任务 | GitHub Data link |
| AbdomenAtlas 3.0 | RadGPT: Constructing 3D Image-Text Tumor Datasets | 2025.01.08 (ICCV2025) | 文本 + 3D图像 (腹部CT) | 3D腹部CT报告生成、肿瘤分割、分期与分析 | 9,262组3D CT扫描及配对报告，包含8,562个肿瘤实例 | Github, HF |
| HuatuoGPT-o1 Dataset | HuatuoGPT-o1，Towards Medical Complex Reasoning with LLMs | 2024.12.25 | 文本（复杂链式思维、医学验证题、多步推理） | 医学复杂推理、链式思维微调、强化学习 | 包含 40K 经医学验证器筛选的高质量医学复杂推理问题，基于 MedQA-USMLE 和 MedMCQA 医学考试训练集 | GitHub, HF |
| PubMedVision | HuatuoGPT-Vision, Towards Injecting Medical Visual Knowledge into Multimodal LLMs at Scale | 2024.09.30 | 图像 + 文本（多模态） | 医学视觉问答（VQA）、图文对齐、指令微调、描述生成等 | 130 万 VQA 样本，来自 PubMed 中筛选的 91.5 万医学图像与上下文（647K + 647K） | HF |
| PMC-VQA | PMC-VQA: Visual Instruction Tuning for Medical VQA | 2024.08.08 | 图像 + 文本 | 医学VQA | 226,946问答对 | HF |
| VQARad | - | 2023.08.07 | 放射图像 | VQA | 315图像, 3515问答 | OSF |
| Asclepius | Asclepius: A Spectrum Evaluation Benchmark for Medical Multi-Modal Large Language Models | ACL 2025 | 图像 + 文本 | 医学VQA | 3232条问答对，涵盖 15 个医学专业，分为 3 个主要类别和 8 个子类别的临床任务 | GitHub |
| MedTrinity-25M | MedTrinity-25M: A Large-scale Multimodal Dataset with Multigranular Annotations for Medicine | ICLR 2025 | 图像 + 文本 | 医学VQA | 大规模医学多模态数据集，涵盖 10 种模态的2500万张图像，为65种疾病提供多粒度注释 | HF |
| MediConfusion | MediConfusion: Can you trust your AI radiologist? Probing the reliability of multimodal medical foundation models | ICLR 2025 | 图像 + 文本 | 医学VQA | 由 176 个令人困惑的对组成。混淆对是一组两张图像，它们共享相同的问题和相应的答案选项，但图像的正确答案不同。 | HF |
| GMAI-MMBench | GMAI-MMBench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Evaluation Benchmark Towards General Medical AI | NeurIPS 2024 | 多模态（38种） | 医学VQA | 26K问答对 | HF |
| PathMMU | PathMMU: A Massive Multimodal Expert-Level Benchmark for Understanding and Reasoning in Patholog | 2024.03.20 | 病理图像 + 文本 | 选择题+推理 | 33,428问答, 24,067图像 | HF |
| OmniMedVQA | OmniMedVQA: A New Large-Scale Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Medical LVLM | CVPR 2024 | 多模态（12种） | 医学VQA | 118,010图像, 127,995问答 | OpenXLab |
| CARES | A Comprehensive Benchmark of Trustworthiness in Medical Vision Language Models | NeurIPS 2024 | 医学图像+问答 | 开放与封闭问答 | 41K问答对 | GitHub |
| MultiMedEval | MultiMedEval: A Benchmark and a Toolkit for Evaluating Medical Vision-Language Models | 2024.02.16 | 图文多模态 | 多任务评估 | 6任务, 23数据集 | GitHub |
| medical-o1-reasoning-SFT | HuatuoGPT-o1, Towards Medical Complex Reasoning with LLMs | ACL 2025 | 医学VQA、推理 | 医学VQA | 19.7k问答对 | HF |
如有任何问题欢迎提交 Issue 或通过邮件联系：
- 📧 叶赞挺 (Zanting Ye): yzt2861252880@gmail.com
- 📧 韩绪 (Xu Han): hanxv8826@gmail.com
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