satsuki

An open corpus of English glosses, usage notes, and ruby-annotated example sentences for the Japanese functional expressions (機能表現) catalogued by the Tsutsuji dictionary (Matsuyoshi & Sato). Tsutsuji is a pure form-and-attachment layer; satsuki is the meaning layer grown on top of it. (Satsuki is the azalea that blooms right after tsutsuji each spring.)

Tsutsuji groups its 16,801 surface forms into 435 abstract patterns, keyed by what this corpus calls l2_id. satsuki enriches each abstract pattern with:

• glosses: 1–3 short English dictionary-style senses
• usage_note: the disambiguation guidance a learner needs to choose this pattern over its near-synonyms (nuance, register, restrictions, attachment quirks)
• sense_rank: reading order among the patterns sharing this surface, 1 for the sense a learner meets first and most often. Tsutsuji files one surface under several semantic classes when it has several senses (によって three times); those siblings are ranked 1..n, and a surface with no sibling is simply its own 1. Consumers that merge same-surface patterns into a single entry should lead with rank 1 and order the rest by rank; Tsutsuji difficulty cannot recover this on its own, being flat across the lanes in about half of all such families
• examples: 3 original example sentences, each with inline bracket ruby (家[いえ]に帰[かえ]るとすぐに寝[ね]た。) and a natural English translation

Data layout

One JSON file per Tsutsuji semantic class under data/, named by class code (data/o11.json). Class codes are case-sensitive but common filesystems are not, so uppercase-initial codes double their letter in the filename: class A11 lives at data/AA11.json (the class_code field inside is always authoritative). Each file carries a provenance header (pipeline version, generating/reviewing model, date) and its patterns in l2_id order, each with its own human_verified flag:

{
  "satsuki_schema": 2,
  "class_code": "o11",
  "class_name": "同時性-般-トスグニ類",
  "tsutsuji_version": "1.1u",
  "provenance": { "...": "..." },
  "patterns": [
    {
      "l2_id": "0351",
      "canonical_surface": "とすぐに",
      "sense_rank": 1,
      "glosses": ["as soon as", "right after", "immediately after"],
      "usage_note": "...",
      "human_verified": false,
      "examples": [{ "ruby": "...", "english": "..." }]
    }
  ]
}

How this corpus is made

Content is authored and reviewed by frontier language models in a pipeline designed for scrutiny rather than trust; see docs/METHODOLOGY.md. The prompts are versioned in prompts/, and every example sentence is machine-verified against Tsutsuji's own morphological attachment rules by the tool in tools/gate/. All sentences are original compositions; reference sources are consulted for verification only, never copied.

Patterns with "human_verified": false have passed the mechanical gate and model review but not human sign-off; the flag flips per pattern as review happens. Corrections are welcome: file an issue or PR with the sentence or claim and, ideally, a citation or corpus evidence (e.g. massif.la).

License and attribution

CC BY-SA 4.0. Attribute Searls LLC and link to this repository. This corpus embeds identifiers, surface forms, and taxonomy from Tsutsuji, itself CC BY-SA 4.0; see NOTICE.md for upstream attribution.