do not implicitly serialize the Option and Result containers

lib/errgonomic.rb

@@ -23,9 +23,11 @@
 module Errgonomic
   class Error < StandardError; end
 
+  class TypeError < ::TypeError; end
+
   class NotPresentError < Error; end
 
-  class TypeMismatchError < Error; end
+  class TypeMismatchError < TypeError; end
 
   class UnwrapError < Error
     def initialize(msg, value)
@@ -42,6 +44,8 @@ class ResultRequiredError < Error; end
 
   class NotComparableError < StandardError; end
 
+  class SerializeError < TypeError; end
+
   # A little bit of control over how pedantic we are in our runtime type checks.
   def self.give_me_ambiguous_downstream_errors?
     @give_me_ambiguous_downstream_errors || true

lib/errgonomic/option.rb

@@ -321,6 +321,26 @@ def zip_with(other, &block)
         Some(other)
       end
 
+      # Refuse to serialize an unwrapped Option as a String. Options must be
+      # correctly handled to access their inner value.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   None().to_s # => raise Errgonomic::SerializeError, "cannot serialize an unwrapped Option"
+      def to_s
+        raise Errgonomic::SerializeError, 'cannot serialize an unwrapped Option'
+      end
+
+      # Refuse to serialize an unwrapped Option as JSON. Not only should we
+      # require that options be correctly handled to access their inner value,
+      # but without this we will get undefined structures from default
+      # Object#to_json implementations.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   None().to_json # => raise Errgonomic::SerializeError, "cannot serialize an unwrapped Option"
+      def to_json(*_args)
+        raise Errgonomic::SerializeError, 'cannot serialize an unwrapped Option'
+      end
+
       # filter
       # xor
       # insert

lib/errgonomic/rails/active_record_optional.rb

@@ -53,20 +53,12 @@ class Some
       delegate :marked_for_destruction?, to: :value
       delegate :persisted?, to: :value
       delegate :touch_later, to: :value
-
-      def to_s
-        raise "Attempted to convert Some to String, please use Option API to safely work with internal value -- #{value}"
-      end
     end
 
     class None
       def nil?
         true
       end
-
-      def to_s
-        raise 'Cannot convert None to String - please use Option API to safely work with internal value'
-      end
     end
   end
 end

lib/errgonomic/result.rb

@@ -252,6 +252,28 @@ def map(&block)
         @value = block.call(value)
         self
       end
+
+      # Refuse to serialize an unwrapped Result as a String. Results must be
+      # correctly handled to access their inner value.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   Ok("").to_s # => raise Errgonomic::SerializeError, "cannot serialize an unwrapped Result"
+      #   Err("").to_s # => raise Errgonomic::SerializeError, "cannot serialize an unwrapped Result"
+      def to_s
+        raise Errgonomic::SerializeError, 'cannot serialize an unwrapped Result'
+      end
+
+      # Refuse to serialize an unwrapped Result as JSON. Not only should we
+      # require that Results be correctly handled to access their inner value,
+      # but without this we will get undefined structures from default
+      # Object#to_json implementations.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   Ok("").to_json # => raise Errgonomic::SerializeError, "cannot serialize an unwrapped Result"
+      #   Err("").to_json # => raise Errgonomic::SerializeError, "cannot serialize an unwrapped Result"
+      def to_json(*_args)
+        raise Errgonomic::SerializeError, 'cannot serialize an unwrapped Result'
+      end
     end
 
     # The Ok variant.