chore(deps): update dependency pyjwt to v2.12.0 [security]

[renovate]

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Change	Age	Confidence
pyjwt	==2.8.0 → ==2.12.0

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PyJWT accepts unknown crit header extensions

CVE-2026-32597 / GHSA-752w-5fwx-jx9f

More information

Details

Summary

PyJWT does not validate the crit (Critical) Header Parameter defined in
RFC 7515 §4.1.11. When a JWS token contains a crit array listing
extensions that PyJWT does not understand, the library accepts the token
instead of rejecting it. This violates the MUST requirement in the RFC.

This is the same class of vulnerability as CVE-2025-59420 (Authlib),
which received CVSS 7.5 (HIGH).

---

RFC Requirement

RFC 7515 §4.1.11:

The "crit" (Critical) Header Parameter indicates that extensions to this
specification and/or [JWA] are being used that MUST be understood and
processed. [...] If any of the listed extension Header Parameters are
not understood and supported by the recipient, then the JWS is invalid.

---

Proof of Concept

import jwt  # PyJWT 2.8.0
import hmac, hashlib, base64, json

##### Construct token with unknown critical extension
header = {"alg": "HS256", "crit": ["x-custom-policy"], "x-custom-policy": "require-mfa"}
payload = {"sub": "attacker", "role": "admin"}

def b64url(data):
    return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(data).rstrip(b"=").decode()

h = b64url(json.dumps(header, separators=(",", ":")).encode())
p = b64url(json.dumps(payload, separators=(",", ":")).encode())
sig = b64url(hmac.new(b"secret", f"{h}.{p}".encode(), hashlib.sha256).digest())
token = f"{h}.{p}.{sig}"

##### Should REJECT — x-custom-policy is not understood by PyJWT
try:
    result = jwt.decode(token, "secret", algorithms=["HS256"])
    print(f"ACCEPTED: {result}")
    # Output: ACCEPTED: {'sub': 'attacker', 'role': 'admin'}
except Exception as e:
    print(f"REJECTED: {e}")

Expected: jwt.exceptions.InvalidTokenError: Unsupported critical extension: x-custom-policy
Actual: Token accepted, payload returned.

Comparison with RFC-compliant library

##### jwcrypto — correctly rejects
from jwcrypto import jwt as jw_jwt, jwk
key = jwk.JWK(kty="oct", k=b64url(b"secret"))
jw_jwt.JWT(jwt=token, key=key, algs=["HS256"])

##### raises: InvalidJWSObject('Unknown critical header: "x-custom-policy"')

---

Impact

• Split-brain verification in mixed-library deployments (e.g., API
  gateway using jwcrypto rejects, backend using PyJWT accepts)
• Security policy bypass when crit carries enforcement semantics
  (MFA, token binding, scope restrictions)
• Token binding bypass — RFC 7800 cnf (Proof-of-Possession) can be
  silently ignored
• See CVE-2025-59420 for full impact analysis

---

Suggested Fix

In jwt/api_jwt.py, add validation in _validate_headers() or
decode():

_SUPPORTED_CRIT = {"b64"}  # Add extensions PyJWT actually supports

def _validate_crit(self, headers: dict) -> None:
    crit = headers.get("crit")
    if crit is None:
        return
    if not isinstance(crit, list) or len(crit) == 0:
        raise InvalidTokenError("crit must be a non-empty array")
    for ext in crit:
        if ext not in self._SUPPORTED_CRIT:
            raise InvalidTokenError(f"Unsupported critical extension: {ext}")
        if ext not in headers:
            raise InvalidTokenError(f"Critical extension {ext} not in header")

---

CWE

• CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
• CWE-863: Incorrect Authorization

References

• RFC 7515 §4.1.11
• CVE-2025-59420 — Authlib crit bypass (CVSS 7.5)
• RFC 7800 — Proof-of-Possession Key Semantics

Severity

• CVSS Score: 7.5 / 10 (High)
• Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

References

• https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-752w-5fwx-jx9f
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32597
• https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/05/msg00008.html
• https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-752w-5fwx-jx9f

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

---

Release Notes

jpadilla/pyjwt (pyjwt)

v2.12.0

Compare Source

Security

• Validate the crit (Critical) Header Parameter defined in RFC 7515 §4.1.11. by @​dmbs335 in GHSA-752w-5fwx-jx9f

What's Changed

• [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate by @​pre-commit-ci[bot] in #​1132
• chore(docs): fix docs build by @​tamird in #​1137
• Annotate PyJWKSet.keys for pyright by @​tamird in #​1134
• fix: close HTTPError to prevent ResourceWarning on Python 3.14 by @​veeceey in #​1133
• chore: remove superfluous constants by @​tamird in #​1136
• [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate by @​pre-commit-ci[bot] in #​1135
• chore(tests): enable mypy by @​tamird in #​1138
• Bump actions/download-artifact from 7 to 8 by @​dependabot[bot] in #​1142
• [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate by @​pre-commit-ci[bot] in #​1141
• [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate by @​pre-commit-ci[bot] in #​1145
• fix: do not store reference to algorithms dict on PyJWK by @​akx in #​1143
• Use PyJWK algorithm when encoding without explicit algorithm by @​jpadilla in #​1148

New Contributors

• @​tamird made their first contribution in #​1137
• @​veeceey made their first contribution in #​1133

Full Changelog: jpadilla/pyjwt@2.11.0...2.12.0

v2.11.0

Compare Source

Fixed

Added

v2.10.1

Compare Source

Fixed

- Validate key against allowed types for Algorithm family in `#&#8203;964 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/964>`__
- Add iterator for JWKSet in `#&#8203;1041 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/1041>`__
- Validate `iss` claim is a string during encoding and decoding by @&#8203;pachewise in `#&#8203;1040 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/1040>`__
- Improve typing/logic for `options` in decode, decode_complete by @&#8203;pachewise in `#&#8203;1045 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/1045>`__
- Declare float supported type for lifespan and timeout by @&#8203;nikitagashkov in `#&#8203;1068 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/1068>`__

Added

• Docs: Add example of using leeway with nbf by @​djw8605 in #&#8203;1034 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/1034>__
• Docs: Refactored docs with autodoc; added PyJWS and jwt.algorithms docs by @​pachewise in #&#8203;1045 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/1045>__
• Docs: Documentation improvements for "sub" and "jti" claims by @​cleder in #&#8203;1088 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/1088>

v2.10.0

Compare Source

Fixed

- Prevent partial matching of `iss` claim by @&#8203;fabianbadoi in `GHSA-75c5-xw7c-p5pm <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-75c5-xw7c-p5pm>`__

v2.9.0

Compare Source

Changed

- Remove algorithm requirement from JWT API, instead relying on JWS API for enforcement, by @&#8203;luhn in `#&#8203;975 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/975>`__
- Use ``Sequence`` for parameter types rather than ``List`` where applicable by @&#8203;imnotjames in `#&#8203;970 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/970>`__
- Add JWK support to JWT encode by @&#8203;luhn in `#&#8203;979 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/979>`__
- Encoding and decoding payloads using the `none` algorithm by @&#8203;jpadilla in `#c2629f6 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/commit/c2629f66c593459e02616048443231ccbe18be16>`

  Before:

  .. code-block:: pycon

   >>> import jwt
   >>> jwt.encode({"payload": "abc"}, key=None, algorithm=None)

  After:

  .. code-block:: pycon

   >>> import jwt
   >>> jwt.encode({"payload": "abc"}, key=None, algorithm="none")

- Added validation for 'sub' (subject) and 'jti' (JWT ID) claims in tokens by @&#8203;Divan009 in `#&#8203;1005 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/1005>`__
- Refactor project configuration files from ``setup.cfg`` to ``pyproject.toml`` by @&#8203;cleder in `#&#8203;995 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/995>`__
- Ruff linter and formatter changes by @&#8203;gagandeepp in `#&#8203;1001 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/1001>`__
- Drop support for Python 3.8 (EOL) by @&#8203;kkirsche in `#&#8203;1007 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/1007>`__

Fixed
~~~~~

- Encode EC keys with a fixed bit length by @&#8203;etianen in `#&#8203;990 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/990>`__
- Add an RTD config file to resolve Read the Docs build failures by @&#8203;kurtmckee in `#&#8203;977 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/977>`__
- Docs: Update ``iat`` exception docs by @&#8203;pachewise in `#&#8203;974 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/974>`__
- Docs: Fix ``decode_complete`` scope and algorithms by @&#8203;RbnRncn in `#&#8203;982 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/982>`__
- Fix doctest for ``docs/usage.rst`` by @&#8203;pachewise in `#&#8203;986 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/986>`__
- Fix ``test_utils.py`` not to xfail by @&#8203;pachewise in `#&#8203;987 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/987>`__
- Docs: Correct `jwt.decode` audience param doc expression by @&#8203;peter279k in `#&#8203;994 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/994>`__

Added
~~~~~

- Add support for python 3.13 by @&#8203;hugovk in `#&#8203;972 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/972>`__
- Create SECURITY.md by @&#8203;auvipy and @&#8203;jpadilla in `#&#8203;973 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/973>`__
- Docs: Add PS256 encoding and decoding usage by @&#8203;peter279k in `#&#8203;992 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/992>`__
- Docs: Add API docs for PyJWK by @&#8203;luhn in `#&#8203;980 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/980>`__
- Docs: Add EdDSA algorithm encoding/decoding usage by @&#8203;peter279k in `#&#8203;993 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/993>`__
- Include checkers and linters for ``pyproject.toml`` in ``pre-commit`` by @&#8203;cleder in `#&#8203;1002 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/1002>`__
- Docs: Add ES256 decoding usage by @&#8203;Gautam-Hegde in `#&#8203;1003 <https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/pull/1003>`

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