chore(chronograf): Bump alpine base-image to supported version

[srebhan]

This PR updates the version of the Alpine base image to a maintained version (see docker-library/official-images#21630 (comment)).

While we are trying to avoid re-tagging images with different content this seems to be a common practice by Docker to incorporate security issues (see docker-library/official-images#21702 (comment)). Therefore, we shouldn't bother and just bump the base-image.

[jdstrand]

I mentioned this elsewhere. 1.8 and 1.9 are definitely EOL. InfluxData needs to make a call on if 1.10 is EOL now that 1.11 is out. We shouldn't be updating EOL releases and instead remove them from https://hub.docker.com/_/chronograf, which should satisfy Docker Hub's base image requirements.

[srebhan]

@jdstrand my plan is to

1. Update all currently published containers (this PR)
2. Update the docker-hub issues (with Chronograf v1.11.4 docker-library/official-images#21702)
3. Create a PR on https://github.com/docker-library/official-images to remove v1.8 and v1.9 tags due to EOL
4. Create a PR on this repo removing everything up to (including) v1.9.

This is done to create the least surprise for users and have one PR per thing. The alternative would be to remove v1.8 and v1.9 from the official repo first but we won't get the PR accepted due to the Alpine image (for v1.10 and v1.11) being EOL...