feat(otelcol): Add otelcol.processor.cardinality_guardian component

[bhargav2427]

Brief description of Pull Request

Adds otelcol.processor.cardinality_guardian, a wrapper over the upstream OpenTelemetry Collector Contrib cardinalityguardian processor, at Experimental stability. The processor detects metric labels with abnormal cardinality growth (delta-based, using HyperLogLog++ sketches) and can tag, replace, or strip and reaggregate the offending attributes.

Since the upstream processor was first released in opentelemetry-collector-contrib v0.154.0, this PR also updates all OpenTelemetry Collector and Collector Contrib dependencies from v0.153.0 to v0.155.0 (stable modules to v1.61.0, matching the versions already partially pinned in go.mod), and regenerates the Alloy OTel Collector distribution.

The dependency update required one component change: contrib v0.155.0 added max_broker_write_bytes to the Kafka producer configuration with a 100 MiB franz-go minimum, so otelcol.exporter.kafka now exposes a max_broker_write_bytes attribute (default 104857600) in its producer block, with its converter, tests, and documentation updated accordingly.

Also included for the new component: registration in internal/component/all, an otelcolconvert converter with test fixtures, reference documentation, and an entry in the OTel components list.

Pull Request Details

Issue(s) fixed by this Pull Request

Notes to the Reviewer

PR Checklist

• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Config converters updated
• This pull request was substantially generated with AI assistance (see the [GenAI policy (https://github.com/grafana/alloy/blob/main/docs/developer/genai.md))

One heads-up for your human-written sections: this PR bundles a dependency bump + a kafka exporter change + a new component, which may violate the "one logical change per PR" rule in AGENTS.md — reviewers may ask you to split the OTel v0.155.0 bump (with the kafka fix) from the new component.

[github-actions]

Signed commits report

1 of 3 commits between main and feat/add-otel-cardinality-guardian could not be fully verified:

Commit	Author	Reason	Message
845d9801	bhargav2427	unsigned	add otel cardinality guardian

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[cla-assistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[bhargav2427]

Hi @clayton-cornell, could you please help move this PR forward when you get a chance?

[kgeckhart]

Hi @bhargav2427 thanks for the PR. A few things,

1. Could you please open a proposal for this component? We ask that all components start as proposal before going to the step of making a PR, https://github.com/grafana/alloy/blob/main/docs/developer/adding-community-components.md
2. Open Telemetry version bumps are handled by maintainers as a part of our release sheparding responsibility. There's an open PR that would get us to the version necessary for this component
3. I would encourage you to read our AI policy, https://github.com/grafana/alloy/blob/main/docs/developer/genai.md