fix(web): expose safe PostgreSQL error diagnostics

[prvnsmpth]

• Log SQLSTATE and structural PostgreSQL metadata so database failures identify the affected constraint without exposing query parameters.
• Sanitize Drizzle errors, request URLs, headers, and OAuth callback logs to prevent tokens and user data from leaking.
• Correlate Okta and Entra callback failures with request-scoped logging.
• Add regression coverage for wrapped and direct PostgreSQL errors.