CVE-2026-36522

Unauthenticated NaN Injection via MAVLink PARAM_SET in ArduPilot ArduPlane

CVE	CVE-2026-36522
CWE	CWE-1287 (Improper Validation of Specified Type of Input)
CVSS 3.1	9.1 Critical — AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
Affected	ArduPilot ArduPlane 4.0.1 (confirmed)
Component	GCS_MAVLINK::handle_param_set() — libraries/GCS_MAVLink/GCS_Param.cpp
Vector	Remote, unauthenticated MAVLink
Impact	Denial of service (SITL) / silent flight-parameter corruption (hardware)
Reporter	Sebastien Arseneault, Deep Woods Security

Summary

handle_param_set() accepts an IEEE 754 floating-point value from an unauthenticated MAVLink PARAM_SET message without validating it for NaN or infinity. The malformed value reaches a floating-point comparison (is_equal<float,float>() in AP_Math.cpp) with no type or value check.

This is not a code-execution vulnerability. The impact is denial of service and integrity corruption.

Impact

• SITL / builds with FP exceptions enabled: the NaN triggers a floating-point exception (SIGFPE) and the autopilot process aborts — denial of service.
• Production hardware (STM32/Pixhawk), where FP exceptions are disabled: the malformed value is stored silently into a flight-critical parameter, with no crash and no operator-visible warning. This is the more dangerous case: corrupted flight parameters propagate into control math with no indication to the operator.

The validation gap is in the common parameter handler, so all float-typed parameters are affected.

Proof of Concept

A single unauthenticated PARAM_SET carrying a quiet NaN (0x7FC00000) targeting ARSPD_FBW_MIN:

python3 poc/CVE-2026-36522.py [host:port]    # default tcp:127.0.0.1:5760

See poc/CVE-2026-36522.py.

Evidence

Captured SITL stack trace (stacktrace.txt) showing the external input reaching the unguarded comparison:

#6  is_equal<float, float> (v_1=nan(0x400000), v_2=0) at AP_Math.cpp:35
#7  GCS_MAVLINK::handle_param_set ... at GCS_Param.cpp:299
    packet = {param_value = nan(0x400000), param_id = "ARSPD_FBW_MIN", param_type = 9}

The call chain (update_receive -> packetReceived -> handle_common_message -> handle_param_set) confirms the path is reachable from unauthenticated network input.

Remediation

Validate the incoming value before use:

if (isnan(packet.param_value) || isinf(packet.param_value)) {
    // reject: value out of range
    return;
}

Disclosure Timeline

Date	Event
2026-02-26	CVE request submitted to MITRE
2026-02-26	Vendor notified (ArduPilot)
2026-06-15	CVE-2026-36522 assigned; PoC and stack trace published

Credit

Sebastien Arseneault — Deep Woods Security