Add any_value aggregate function

[yinli-systems]

Which issue does this PR close?

• Closes Add any_value aggregate function #22799.

Rationale for this change

any_value is a common aggregate in SQL engines for queries that need one representative non-null value from each group without imposing an ordering requirement. DataFusion currently has first_value, but that aggregate is order-sensitive, so exposing any_value gives users the intended arbitrary-value semantics directly.

What changes are included in this PR?

• Adds an any_value(expression) aggregate UDF and registers it with the default aggregate functions.
• Reuses the existing trivial first-value accumulator with nulls ignored, so evaluation short-circuits after the first non-null value.
• Marks the aggregate as order-insensitive and preserves the input field metadata/type in the return field.
• Adds sqllogictest coverage for scalar, grouped, all-null, empty-input, and string return-type cases.

Are these changes tested?

Yes. I ran:

cargo fmt --all
cargo test -p datafusion-functions-aggregate
cargo test -p datafusion-sqllogictest --test sqllogictests -- aggregate_any_value.slt
cargo clippy --all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes. This adds a new SQL aggregate function, any_value.

I used AI assistance to help inspect the codebase and run validation, and I reviewed the resulting implementation and tests.

[Jefffrey]

fyi @haohuaijin

[Jefffrey]

are these two tests technically deterministic?

[haohuaijin]

Thanks @Kevin-Li-2025 @Jefffrey , LGTM.

One follow-up idea is to impl a native GroupsAccumulator would speed up grouped any_value a lot (it currently falls back to the slower GroupsAccumulatorAdapter).

[yinli-systems]

Thanks, agreed that a native GroupsAccumulator is the right follow-up for grouped any_value. I’ll keep this PR scoped to adding the function and handle the grouped fast path separately, since it needs type-specific state handling plus targeted grouped-aggregation benchmarks to demonstrate the improvement without delaying this PR.

[Jefffrey]

Suggested change

	SELECT any_value(column2) IN (10, 20) FROM any_value_test;
	SELECT any_value(column2) is not null FROM any_value_test;

or any_value(column2) IN (10, 20, 30) since we have value 30 too

[yinli-systems]

I implemented the native grouped fast path as the separate follow-up discussed here: #23065. It includes focused state/merge/filter/EmitTo tests and Criterion coverage against GroupsAccumulatorAdapter; I kept it draft until this PR lands so the review stays scoped.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 88.00000% with 6 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 80.67%. Comparing base (1734d4b) to head (8609d5c).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
datafusion/functions-aggregate/src/any_value.rs	87.75%	6 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #23043      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   80.67%   80.67%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1087     1088       +1     
  Lines      367541   367591      +50     
  Branches   367541   367591      +50     
==========================================
+ Hits       296529   296552      +23     
- Misses      53355    53380      +25     
- Partials    17657    17659       +2     

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[Jefffrey]

thanks @yinli-systems & @haohuaijin