chore: collective dependency and workflow updates

[aeswibon]

Description

This PR consolidates and updates several dependencies to their latest versions, resolving known vulnerabilities and ensuring compatibility with the latest Go toolchain. It also updates GitHub Actions workflows to use Go 1.26.0 and the latest action versions.

This replaces the individual dependabot PRs (#21, #22, #23, #24, #25, #26, #27, #28).

Type of change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Documentation update (workflows)

How Has This Been Tested?

• Ran go get -u ./... and go mod tidy to verify dependency resolution.
• Verified that all tests pass locally (go test ./...).
• Verified CLI smoke tests on the updated dependencies.

Checklist:

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• My changes generate no new warnings
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes
• Local pre-commit checks (pre-commit run --all-files) pass successfully