Block Bindings: Add block_bindings_supported_attributes filter

[ockham]

What?

Add a block-agnostic version of the block_bindings_supported_attributes_{$block_type} filter (first introduced by #71389).

Why?

See #71662 (comment). In a nutshell, it's quickly becoming cumbersome to add block bindings support for various attributes of different blocks in the WP compat layer code.

[github-actions]

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Co-authored-by: ockham <bernhard-reiter@git.wordpress.org>
Co-authored-by: gziolo <gziolo@git.wordpress.org>
Co-authored-by: cbravobernal <cbravobernal@git.wordpress.org>

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[gziolo]

Sounds good to me 👍🏻

[cbravobernal]

LGTM

[github-actions]

Flaky tests detected in a77bf2e.
Some tests passed with failed attempts. The failures may not be related to this commit but are still reported for visibility. See the documentation for more information.

🔍 Workflow run URL: https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/actions/runs/17733178985
📝 Reported issues:

• [Flaky Test] ensures List View global shortcut works properly #51533 in /test/e2e/specs/editor/various/list-view.spec.js
• [Flaky Test] should refresh the page when stylesheet loading fails #71135 in /test/e2e/specs/interactivity/router-styles.spec.ts

[ockham]

Thank you both!