feat: add lazy segment tree implementation

[YassaTalaat80]

Description

This PR adds a implementation of a Lazy Segment Tree to the data_structures directory. It supports range updates and range queries in O(log N) time using lazy propagation.

Changes Made:

• Implemented a templated LazySegmentTree class to support various data types
• Added a Node struct to safely encapsulate segment values and lazy flags.
• Included comprehensive automated tests using assert() to verify build, update, and query operations.

Testing

• Code compiled successfully...
• Formatted code...
• All automated self-tests passed locally.

[github-actions]

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