This repository contains the analytical workflow, datasets, and processing scripts used to develop the climatic fragility and resilience assessment for the Bologna metropolitan area.
The work integrates thermal, land-cover, morphological, and socio-environmental indicators to identify areas exposed to heat and to support evidence-based climate adaptation planning.
The analysis combines:
- land surface temperature (LST) data,
- vegetation and land-cover metrics,
- accessibility and structural components,
- socio-environmental indicators,
to produce the Climatic Fragility Index (CFI) and related metrics for climate-resilient urban planning.
Methodological reference:
Investigating Social Vulnerability to Extreme Heat: Heat Islands and Climate Shelters in Urban Contexts: The Case of Bologna
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (2024)
📄 https://tustorage.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/5655dda2-e4a6-47c5-861a-4aa6102fe31d/content
craf/
│
├── notebooks/ # Jupyter notebooks for each analytical step
│ ├── 01_clip_gdal.ipynb
│ ├── 02_resampling.ipynb
│ ├── 03_hot_and_cold_spot.ipynb
│ ├── 04_NDVI_for_CSI.ipynb
│ ├── 05_bus_stop.ipynb
│ ├── 06_disabled_parking.ipynb
│ ├── 07_accessibility.ipynb
│ └── ...
│
├── data/ # Input and processed datasets
│ ├── Climatic_fragility/
│ └── ...
│
├── docs/ # web mapping
├── requirements.txt # Python dependencies
└── README.md
| Category | Source | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal | ECOSTRESS LST (NASA JPL) | Hot/cold spot detection |
| Land Cover | Sentinel-2, Copernicus Urban Atlas | Vegetation and blue-space extraction |
| Topography | Copernicus DEM | Slope and morphology |
| Socio-Environmental | ISTAT Census, Climate Shelter Index | Sensitivity and adaptive capacity |
| Administrative | Comune di Bologna – Statistical Areas | Spatial zoning for analysis |
| Meteorological | Meteoblue, ERA5 Reanalysis | LST pattern validation |
Large raster and vector files are hosted externally.
The workflow is executed through a sequence of Jupyter notebooks.
Each step integrates a thematic dataset, leading to the final climatic fragility output.
Clip/Resample → 03_hot_and_cold_spot.ipynb
↓
NDVI computation → 04_NDVI_for_CSI.ipynb
↓
Accessibility + Structures → 08_identify_structures_for_CSI.ipynb
↓
Combine indicators → 09_new_CSI.ipynb
↓
Integrate all components → 10_climatic_fragility.ipynb
↓
Final index → 11_fragility.ipynb
- 01_clip_gdal.ipynb
- 02_resampling.ipynb
- 03_hot_and_cold_spot.ipynb
- 04_NDVI_for_CSI.ipynb
- 05_bus_stop.ipynb
- 06_disabled_parking.ipynb
- 07_accessibility.ipynb
- 08_identify_structures_for_CSI.ipynb
- 09_new_CSI.ipynb
- 10_climatic_fragility.ipynb
- 11_fragility.ipynb
The index ranges from 0.0 to 1.0, with higher values indicating higher fragility.
| Range | Level | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 0.00–0.25 | Very Low | Strong vegetation and cooling capacity |
| 0.26–0.45 | Low | Balanced exposure and resilience |
| 0.46–0.60 | Moderate | Intermediate fragility |
| 0.61–0.75 | High | Heat-exposed areas with limited mitigation |
| 0.76–1.00 | Very High | Dense or industrial urban areas |
Observed range in Bologna:
0.18 ≤ CFI ≤ 0.81
Examples:
- Moderate: Triumvirato–Pietra, Casteldebole
- High: Piazza dell’Unità, Villaggio della Barca
- Very Low: Osservanza, San Michele in Bosco
-
Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/TALEA-platform/craf.git cd craf -
Install dependencies
pip install -r requirements.txt
-
Run notebooks from the
source/folder. -
Outputs are saved in:
data/Climatic_fragility/outputs/
Bologna, Italy — area for climatic fragility validation.
Ongoing (2025) — continuous updates expected.
Questo repository contiene il workflow analitico, i dataset e gli script utilizzati per sviluppare l’analisi della fragilità e resilienza climatica per l’area metropolitana di Bologna.
L’analisi integra indicatori termici, di uso del suolo, morfologici e socio-ambientali per identificare le aree esposte al calore e supportare la pianificazione climatica basata sull’evidenza.
L’analisi combina:
- dati di temperatura superficiale (LST),
- metriche di vegetazione e copertura del suolo,
- componenti strutturali e di accessibilità,
- indicatori socio-ambientali,
per produrre il Climatic Fragility Index (CFI) e indicatori correlati.
Riferimento metodologico:
Investigating Social Vulnerability to Extreme Heat: Heat Islands and Climate Shelters in Urban Contexts: The Case of Bologna
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (2024)
craf/
│
├── notebooks/ # Jupyter notebooks for each analytical step
│ ├── 01_clip_gdal.ipynb
│ ├── 02_resampling.ipynb
│ ├── 03_hot_and_cold_spot.ipynb
│ ├── 04_NDVI_for_CSI.ipynb
│ ├── 05_bus_stop.ipynb
│ ├── 06_disabled_parking.ipynb
│ ├── 07_accessibility.ipynb
│ └── ...
│
├── data/ # Input and processed datasets
│ ├── Climatic_fragility/
│ └── ...
│
├── docs/ # web mapping
├── requirements.txt # Python dependencies
└── README.md
| Categoria | Fonte | Uso |
|---|---|---|
| Termici | ECOSTRESS LST (NASA JPL) | Rilevamento hotspot e coldspot |
| Uso del suolo | Sentinel-2, Copernicus Urban Atlas | Estrazione aree verdi e blu |
| Topografia | Copernicus DEM | Morfologia e pendenza |
| Socio-ambientali | ISTAT, Climate Shelter Index | Sensibilità e capacità adattiva |
| Amministrative | Aree statistiche Comune di Bologna | Unità di analisi |
| Meteorologiche | ERA5 | Validazione dei pattern termici |
File raster e vector molto grandi sono disponibili su altre sorgenti
La pipeline si sviluppa attraverso una sequenza di notebook dedicati a singoli set di dati tematici.
Ogni fase integra un set di dati tematici, che porta al risultato finale sulla fragilità climatica.
Clip/Resample → 03_hot_and_cold_spot.ipynb
↓
NDVI computation → 04_NDVI_for_CSI.ipynb
↓
Accessibility + Structures → 08_identify_structures_for_CSI.ipynb
↓
Combine indicators → 09_new_CSI.ipynb
↓
Integrate all components → 10_climatic_fragility.ipynb
↓
Final index → 11_fragility.ipynb
- 01_clip_gdal.ipynb
- 02_resampling.ipynb
- 03_hot_and_cold_spot.ipynb
- 04_NDVI_for_CSI.ipynb
- 05_bus_stop.ipynb
- 06_disabled_parking.ipynb
- 07_accessibility.ipynb
- 08_identify_structures_for_CSI.ipynb
- 09_new_CSI.ipynb
- 10_climatic_fragility.ipynb
- 11_fragility.ipynb
Indice compreso tra 0.0 e 1.0.
Valori osservati a Bologna: 0.18 ≤ CFI ≤ 0.81.
Esempi:
- Moderato: Triumvirato–Pietra, Casteldebole
- Alto: Piazza dell’Unità, Villaggio della Barca
- Molto Basso: Osservanza, San Michele in Bosco
-
Clona il repository
git clone https://github.com/TALEA-platform/craf.git cd craf -
Installa le dipendenze
pip install -r requirements.txt
-
Esegui i notebook dalla cartella
notebooks/. -
I risultati sono salvati in:
data/Climatic_fragility/outputs/
Bologna, Itala - area per la convalida della fragilità climatica.