Cap SciMLBase before FunctionProperties regression

[ChrisRackauckas-Claude]

This PR should be ignored until reviewed by @ChrisRackauckas.

Summary

Caps the SciMLBase v3 compat at v3.31 in the root package and OptimizationSophia until the SciMLBase/SciMLSensitivity/FunctionProperties compat issue is resolved upstream.

Observed failure on Julia 1.12:

UndefVarError: `islinear` not defined in `FunctionProperties`
... SciMLBaseFunctionPropertiesExt.jl:16

The failure reproduces on clean master at 08023d357 and on its parent 59bdb75fe, so it is a dependency resolution regression rather than a regression from #1251. The dependency trigger is SciMLBase v3.32.0 with SciMLSensitivity v7.113.0, which still constrains FunctionProperties to 0.1.0 - 0.1.7; that range does not provide FunctionProperties.islinear.

Verification

Locally run on this branch:

OPTIMIZATION_TEST_GROUP=Core julia +1.12 --project=lib/OptimizationSophia -e 'using InteractiveUtils; versioninfo(); using Pkg; Pkg.test()'
Core | 3 pass / 3 total, exit 0

OPTIMIZATION_TEST_GROUP=QA julia +1.12 --project=lib/OptimizationSophia -e 'using InteractiveUtils; versioninfo(); using Pkg; Pkg.test()'
Quality Assurance | 17 pass, 1 broken, 18 total, exit 0

DiffEqFlux downstream import/precompile probe on Julia 1.12 with local Optimization path
Resolved SciMLBase v3.31.0 and SciMLSensitivity v7.112.1
DiffEqFlux import ok, exit 0

git diff --check
passed

Runic on tracked Julia files only
passed

The broad Runic --check . was intentionally not used for the final result because this worktree contains untracked local Julia depots from verification, and Runic descended into dependency package test files there. The tracked-file Runic check is the repo-relevant check.

[ChrisRackauckas-Claude]

CI follow-up for this branch after the 1-hour recheck timer:

Branch-specific verification is passing:

sublibraries / lib/OptimizationSophia / Julia 1 / Tests - Core: pass
sublibraries / lib/OptimizationSophia / Julia lts / Tests - Core: pass
sublibraries / lib/OptimizationSophia / Julia pre / Tests - Core: pass
sublibraries / lib/OptimizationSophia [QA] / Julia 1 / Tests - QA: pass
downgrade-sublibraries / test (lib/OptimizationSophia): pass
Downgrade / Downgrade Tests - Core: pass
tests / Core (julia lts): pass
tests / Core (julia 1): pass
tests / Core (julia pre): pass
tests / QA (julia 1): pass
Documentation / Build and Deploy Documentation: pass
Runic / Runic Format Check: pass

Additional local verification on this branch:

OPTIMIZATION_TEST_GROUP=Core julia +1.12 --project=. -e 'using InteractiveUtils; versioninfo(); using Pkg; Pkg.test()'
Optimization tests passed, 612.4s

OPTIMIZATION_TEST_GROUP=QA julia +1.12 --project=. -e 'using InteractiveUtils; versioninfo(); using Pkg; Pkg.test()'
Optimization tests passed, 629.8s

The current downgrade-sublibraries failures on this PR are not from the SciMLBase cap. A clean origin/master repro of representative failures showed:

• SimpleOptimization: ADTypes lower bound conflicts with DifferentiationInterface 0.7.13-0.7 requiring ADTypes 1.18+.
• OptimizationBBO: downgraded PreallocationTools 0.4.34 plus LogExpFunctions 1.0.1 leaves no compatible SparseConnectivityTracer.

PR #1252 fixes those representative downgrade failures, and its CI has the relevant downgrade jobs green. The OptimizationEvolutionary downgrade failure is covered by #1250.

NeuralPDE.jl/NNPDE failed here with:

UndefVarError: `IntervalDomain` not defined
... downstream/test/direct_function__empty_boundary_condition_fails_in_solve_phase.jl:5

That is the same downstream failure seen on #1252, so it is also not introduced by this SciMLBase cap. Remaining checks still in progress at this timer snapshot are DiffEqFlux.jl/DiffEqFlux, ModelingToolkit.jl/All, and downgrade-sublibraries / test (lib/OptimizationMadNLP).