Implement dicom-xml CLI tool with DICOM Part 19 Native XML support

[Copilot]

Implements bidirectional DICOM ↔ XML conversion following DICOM PS3.19 Native XML Model specification. Completes Milestone 11.2 Phase 3 tool #2 of 4.

Implementation

DICOMWeb Module Extensions

• DICOMXMLEncoder: Serializes DataElements to Part 19 Native XML format
  • Handles sequences, person names, binary data (inline Base64 or bulk data URIs)
  • Configurable: pretty-printing, keyword attributes, binary threshold
  • Proper XML escaping for special characters
• DICOMXMLDecoder: Parses Native XML back to DataElements
  • XMLParser-based implementation with nested sequence support
  • VR inference from dictionary when missing
  • Bulk data URI placeholders

CLI Tool

• dicom-xml: Bidirectional converter with ArgumentParser interface
  • Forward: dicom-xml file.dcm --output file.xml --pretty
  • Reverse: dicom-xml file.xml --output file.dcm --reverse
  • Options: tag filtering, metadata-only, bulk data configuration
  • Verbose mode with timing statistics

Example Usage

# Convert DICOM to pretty-printed XML
dicom-xml ct-scan.dcm --output ct-scan.xml --pretty

# Convert back to DICOM
dicom-xml ct-scan.xml --output restored.dcm --reverse

# Extract metadata only, specific tags
dicom-xml study.dcm --metadata-only \
  --filter-tag PatientName \
  --filter-tag StudyDate \
  --pretty

XML Format Sample

<NativeDicomModel xmlns="http://dicom.nema.org/PS3.19/models/NativeDICOM">
  <DicomAttribute tag="00100010" vr="PN" keyword="PatientName">
    <PersonName number="1">
      <Alphabetic>
        <FamilyName>Doe</FamilyName>
        <GivenName>John</GivenName>
      </Alphabetic>
    </PersonName>
  </DicomAttribute>
  <DicomAttribute tag="00081110" vr="SQ" keyword="ReferencedStudySequence">
    <Item number="1">
      <DicomAttribute tag="00081150" vr="UI">
        <Value number="1">1.2.840.10008.3.1.2.3.1</Value>
      </DicomAttribute>
    </Item>
  </DicomAttribute>
</NativeDicomModel>

Testing

• 23 encoder tests: encoding variants, person names, sequences, binary data, XML escaping
• 18 decoder tests: parsing, VR inference, nested sequences, roundtrip conversion
• All tests passing, builds clean

Changes to Package.swift

• Added dicom-xml executable product and target
• Dependencies: DICOMKit, DICOMCore, DICOMWeb, DICOMDictionary, ArgumentParser

Progress

Phase 3 (Format Conversion): 2/4 tools complete (dicom-json, dicom-xml)
Overall CLI Tools: 59% complete (17/29 tools)

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