layer backward

std::pair<utility::matrix, std::pair<utility::matrix, utility::matrix>> backward(utility::matrix dZ)

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Basic Info

Calculates the gradients for the weights and biases, as well as the gradient matrix to be passed back.

Return Type

Returns std::pair<utility::matrix, std::pair<utility::matrix, utility::matrix>>

backward(dZ).first is the gradient to be passed backwards, backward(dZ).second.first is the gradient for the weights, and backward(dZ).second.second is the gradient for the biases.

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Use	Optional
dZ	utility::matrix	Gradient matrix	❌

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Example

// Calling the backward() function
utility::matrix dZ;
layer l(42, 420);
l.backward(dZ);