Upgrade action runtime from node20 to node24

[allancascante]

Description

Resolves #274 - Node.js 20 actions are deprecated and will be forced to run with Node.js 24 starting June 2nd, 2026.

Code Changes

• Unit tests are added, if possible
• New or changed code follows the C# style guidelines defined in .editorconfig
• All changes MUST be backwards compatible and changes to the shared az_func.GlobalState table must be compatible with all prior versions of the extension
• Use core.debug or directly log to console to display relevant information
• Use async and await for all long-running operations

Dependencies

• If updating dependencies, run npm install to update the lock files and ensure that there are NO major versions updates or additional vulnerabilities in package-lock.json. If there are, contact the dev team for instructions.

Documentation

• Updates to the action definition should also update the README
• Add samples if the change is modifying or adding functionality