diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 1de2f1e..042aec7 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -8,6 +8,50 @@ adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
 ### Added
 
+- **Reducer-emitted client ops (`$ops`), a `submit` op, and declarative
+  `reactive_on_complete` (#226).** The "normalize on input, commit when
+  complete" field (a one-time-code entry being the canonical case) is now
+  declarable end to end, single- or multi-input, with no bespoke controller:
+  - **`js.submit(to = :root)`** joins the op vocabulary: requestSubmit the
+    target's own form (the target itself when it *is* a form, `input.form`
+    for a control, else `closest("form")`). A real cancelable `submit` event
+    fires, so it composes with native/Turbo forms AND
+    `on(:save, event: "submit")` interception —
+    `select(**on_client(:change, js.submit("form")))` is the one-line general
+    autosubmit. **Actor-only like focus**: refused in `broadcast_to(js:)`
+    (allowed in `reply.js`); `on_client(:submit, js.submit)` raises (it would
+    re-fire itself).
+  - **The reserved `$ops` reducer output**: a `reactive_compute` reducer may
+    return `$ops` holding an op chain — built with the new immutable `ops`
+    builder exported from `phlex/reactive/compute` (verbs mirror the wire op
+    names) or a raw `[[op, args], …]` list — run through the same frozen
+    client-op whitelist as a final phase after the write set settles.
+    **Rising-edge, keyed on chain content, event-gated**: an identical chain
+    never re-fires (a capped 7th keystroke can't re-submit), a changed chain
+    fires again (per-digit focus advance across split boxes), and the
+    connect/morph seed pass arms without firing (a validation-error re-render
+    with a complete value never self-submits).
+  - **`{ length: … }` in the ONE conditions language**: exact
+    (`{ length: 6 }`) or Integer-Range length predicates for
+    `reactive_show` / `reactive_show_targets` / `reactive_on_complete`,
+    counted in **codepoints** on both sides (Ruby `String#length`, client
+    `[...value].length`) — the shared parity fixture gains a multibyte proof
+    vector.
+  - **`reactive_on_complete`** — the zero-JavaScript declarative twin: the
+    same `if:`/`if_any:`/`unless:` kwargs as `reactive_show` plus `run:` (a
+    `js` chain, now buildable at class level, or an allowlist-checked raw
+    list), emitted as one root attr and evaluated by the generic controller
+    with the same rising-edge/arming semantics as `$ops`.
+    `reactive_on_complete if: { code: { length: 6 } },
+    run: js.dispatch("code:complete")` + `on(:verify, event: "code:complete")`
+    is a complete auto-committing code field with no reducer at all.
+  - Dummy flagships: `VerificationCodeComponent` (single input + `$ops`
+    submit), `SplitCodeComponent` (six boxes: paste redistribution,
+    reducer-driven focus advance, hidden joined-code output),
+    `CodeCompleteComponent` (declarative, zero JS), and the
+    `AutosubmitFilterComponent` select-driven GET filter — each with a
+    real-browser system spec.
+
 - **Instance-dynamic wire names — keyword escape hatches on the
   field-compiling helpers (#224).** A form builder's wire name is computed per
   instance (`user[tags]`), which the class-level `reactive_scope` compile can't
@@ -240,6 +284,11 @@ adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
 ### Fixed
 
+- **`rake bench` ran the removed `broadcast_replace_to` API and exited 1.**
+  `benchmark/micro/broadcast.rb` migrated to the #185 spellings
+  (`broadcast_to(*key, replace:)` / `broadcast_to(each:, replace:)`); the
+  transport double is unchanged.
+
 - **`reactive_nested_remove(confirm:)` now interpolates `%{field}` on client-added
   rows (#222).** A row added in the browser via `reactive_nested_add` is a
   `cloneNode` of the `<template>`, and the clone path (`#renumberNestedRow` /
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a0df455..5ec821a 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -853,6 +853,16 @@ button(**on_client(:click, js
   another component or a plain Stimulus controller can react to a client-only
   interaction — `to:` picks the element (default: the component root), `detail:`
   is the payload.
+- **`submit(to = :root)`** commits the **target's own form** via
+  `requestSubmit()`: the target itself when it *is* a form, its form owner for a
+  control (`input.form`, honoring a `form=` attribute), else the nearest ancestor
+  form. Constraint validation runs and a **real cancelable `submit` event**
+  fires, so it composes with both a native/Turbo form *and* an
+  `on(:save, event: "submit")` interception. **Actor-only like focus**: allowed
+  from `on_client` / `reply.js` / a reducer's `$ops`, refused in
+  `broadcast_to(js:)` (a broadcast would force-submit every subscriber's form).
+  Binding a submit op to the `submit` event itself raises at render — it would
+  re-fire itself forever.
 - **`transition: { during:, from:, to: }`** on `show`/`hide`/`toggle` animates the
   visibility flip: `during`+`from` are applied, then `from`→`to` swaps on the next
   frame, and the helper classes are cleaned up on `animationend` (with a timeout
@@ -863,6 +873,27 @@ button(**on_client(:click, js
 modifiers: the dropdown above closes on any click outside the component, and
 window-bound triggers never `preventDefault`, so links elsewhere keep working.
 
+**The general autosubmit story.** With `submit` in the vocabulary, the classic
+`onchange="this.form.requestSubmit()"` filter form is one declared line — no
+bespoke controller, no reactive action, and Turbo Drive turns the resulting
+submit into a normal visit:
+
+```ruby
+form(action: "/products", method: "get") do
+  select(name: "sort", **mix(on_client(:change, js.submit("form")), data: { testid: "sort" })) do
+    option(value: "name") { "Name" }
+    option(value: "price") { "Price" }
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Use `change`-bound autosubmit for discrete controls (selects, radios,
+checkboxes). For a **text** field that should commit "when the value is
+complete," an unconditional `on_client(:input, js.submit)` would fire on every
+keystroke — that conditional case is exactly what a reducer's
+[`$ops`](#client-side-computes-reactive_compute--reactive_text) and
+[`reactive_on_complete`](#declarative-completion-reactive_on_complete) are for.
+
 **Client ops are ephemeral UI — the one contract to internalize.** Any server
 re-render of the component (an action reply, a broadcast, a morph) rebuilds
 from server state and resets whatever the ops toggled: the menu closes, the tab
@@ -958,7 +989,11 @@ end
 - **The value language**: a **Hash is an AND** (multiple keys ANDed), an
   **Array is membership**, a **Range is a threshold** (`10..` ≥ 10, `..10` ≤ 10,
   `...10` < 10, `10..20` between), `true`/`false` compare a checkbox's checked
-  state, `nil` matches blank. `unless:` **negates** and composes with `if:`.
+  state, `nil` matches blank, and **`{ length: … }` compares the value's
+  length** — exact (`{ length: 6 }`) or an Integer Range (`{ length: 6.. }`,
+  `{ length: 4..8 }`). Length counts **codepoints** on both sides (Ruby
+  `String#length`, client `[...value].length`), so multibyte input agrees; a
+  blank field has length 0. `unless:` **negates** and composes with `if:`.
   Never an expression — every term is a declared literal, so there is no eval
   surface. A blank/non-numeric value fails a numeric term **closed** (hidden).
 - **OR-of-AND** — `if_any:` takes an array of AND-hashes (`if_any: [{ director:
@@ -1097,6 +1132,105 @@ setComputeReducer("preview", ({ title }) => ({
   a later morph repaints stale text — the same reconcile contract the whole
   new-vs-persisted split relies on.
 
+**Reducer-emitted ops (`$ops`) — commit when complete.** A reducer's outputs
+write fields and text; the reserved **`$ops`** key lets it emit a **conditional
+side effect** — the missing piece that used to force a bespoke controller next
+to an otherwise-declarative compute. Return an op chain (the `ops` builder
+mirrors the Ruby `js` verbs, or use a raw `[[op, args], …]` array) and the
+controller runs it through the **same frozen op whitelist** `on_client` uses,
+as a final phase **after** the field writes, text sinks, and their dispatched
+`input` events settle. The canonical one-time-code field:
+
+```js
+import { setComputeReducer, ops } from "phlex/reactive/compute"
+
+setComputeReducer("otp", ({ code }) => {
+  const digits = code.replace(/\D/g, "").slice(0, 6)
+  return { code: digits, $ops: digits.length === 6 ? ops.submit() : null }
+})
+```
+
+```ruby
+form(action: "/verify", method: "post",
+  **mix(reactive_root(compute: :otp), on(:verify, event: "submit"))) do
+  input(name: "code", inputmode: "numeric", autocomplete: "one-time-code")
+end
+```
+
+Typing, pasting `123-456`, or platform SMS autofill all arrive as `input`
+events → the reducer normalizes, and at six digits `submit` requestSubmits the
+form — which `on(:verify, event: "submit")` intercepts into **one signed action
+POST**. The contract that makes this safe:
+
+- **Rising edge, keyed on content.** The chain runs only when it **differs**
+  from the previous pass's chain (including from "absent"). Returning the same
+  chain again is settled — a 7th keystroke capped back to the same six digits
+  can't re-submit — while a **different** chain fires again (a multi-box
+  reducer advancing focus emits a new `ops.focus` target per digit). A pass
+  returning `null`/no `$ops` re-arms.
+- **Event-gated.** The connect/morph **seed pass arms without firing** — a form
+  re-rendered with an already-complete value (a validation-error morph, a
+  browser restore) never auto-fires, which is what breaks the
+  submit → error re-render → re-seed → submit loop.
+- **Whitelisted.** `$ops` is consumed before the write phases (never painted as
+  a field/text/mirror), and unknown ops warn-and-skip while siblings apply.
+- **Multi-input works with the same machinery**: declare all boxes as inputs,
+  join + redistribute in the reducer (a paste into any box fans out one digit
+  per box), mirror the joined value into a hidden field, advance focus with a
+  per-digit `ops.focus`, and `ops.submit()` on completion. See
+  `spec/dummy/app/components/split_code_component.rb` for the full six-box
+  example.
+
+When you *don't* want to auto-submit, the same slot dispatches a completion
+event (`ops.dispatch("code:complete")`) for a sibling to react to, or enables
+the submit button (`ops.remove_attr("[type=submit]", "disabled")`) and leaves
+the commit to the user.
+
+### Declarative completion (`reactive_on_complete`)
+
+The `$ops` escape hatch puts the condition in the reducer; when the condition
+is expressible in the [conditions language](#value-conditional-visibility-reactive_show),
+`reactive_on_complete` declares the whole binding in Ruby — **zero JavaScript,
+no reducer**:
+
+```ruby
+class CodeCompleteComponent < ApplicationComponent
+  include Phlex::Reactive::Streamable
+  include Phlex::Reactive::Component
+
+  reactive_state :code
+  action :verify, params: { code: :string }
+
+  reactive_on_complete if: { code: { length: 6 } }, run: js.dispatch("code:complete")
+
+  def view_template
+    div(**mix(reactive_root, on(:verify, event: "code:complete"))) do
+      input(name: "code")
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+The generic controller evaluates the conditions over the owned fields on every
+`input`/`change` (scope-aware, same resolver as `reactive_show`) and runs the
+declared ops on the **rising edge** — once, when the conditions first become
+true; going false re-arms; the connect/morph pass arms **without** firing, so a
+re-render with already-satisfied conditions never self-fires. The pieces:
+
+- **Conditions** are the same `if:` / `if_any:` / `unless:` kwargs
+  `reactive_show` takes — including the `length:` form above, which is what
+  makes "exactly six characters" declarable.
+- **`run:`** is a `js` chain (available at class level) or a raw op list
+  (re-checked through the attribute allowlist). `run: js.submit` auto-commits;
+  `run: js.dispatch(...)` lets a sibling `on(:action, event: "...")` turn
+  completion into a signed action, as above.
+- **Several bindings** coexist under names:
+  `reactive_on_complete :commit, if: …, run: js.submit` — each latches
+  independently; redeclaring a name overrides it (normal registry inheritance).
+- Prefer `$ops` when completion needs **normalization first** (strip
+  separators, cap length) — the reducer already knows the cleaned value;
+  prefer `reactive_on_complete` when the raw field value is the truth.
+
 ### Cross-root mirrors (`mirror:`) — painting a recap outside the root
 
 `reactive_text` is deliberately **root-isolated** (a nested component's nodes are
diff --git a/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/compute.js b/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/compute.js
index ce642fb..0be1d75 100644
--- a/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/compute.js
+++ b/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/compute.js
@@ -71,6 +71,39 @@
 // the re-entrant `changed === "field_c"` pass derives field_a back to the
 // value it already holds — no write, no event, settled in one bounce.
 
+// THE RESERVED `$ops` OUTPUT (issue #226). Besides field/text outputs, a
+// reducer may return the reserved key `$ops` holding a chain of client DOM
+// ops — built with the `ops` builder below, or a raw [[name, args], ...]
+// array. The controller consumes it as a PHASE 4 of the single-pass write set:
+// the ops run AFTER the field writes, text sinks, and phase-3 input dispatches
+// settle, through the SAME frozen CLIENT_OPS whitelist on_client uses (an
+// unknown op warns + is skipped). `null`/`undefined`/absent = no effect.
+//
+// RISING-EDGE semantics, keyed on CONTENT: the chain runs only when it
+// DIFFERS from the previous pass's chain (including from "absent"), and only
+// on EVENT-DRIVEN passes. Returning the SAME chain again is settled — no
+// re-fire (a 7th keystroke capped back to the same complete value can't
+// re-submit), mirroring the change-guarded field writes. Returning a
+// DIFFERENT chain fires again — a multi-box reducer advancing focus
+// box-by-box emits a new focus target per digit, each a new intent. The
+// connect/morph SEED pass (issue #199 — recompute with no event) ARMS the
+// latch but never fires — a form re-rendered with an already-complete value
+// (a validation-error morph, a browser restore) must not auto-fire; that is
+// what breaks the submit → error re-render → re-seed → submit loop. A later
+// pass returning no $ops re-arms. The canonical use — a one-time-code field
+// that normalizes on input and commits when complete:
+//
+//   import { setComputeReducer, ops } from "phlex/reactive/compute"
+//   setComputeReducer("otp", ({ code }) => {
+//     const digits = code.replace(/\D/g, "").slice(0, 6)
+//     return { code: digits, $ops: digits.length === 6 ? ops.submit() : null }
+//   })
+//
+// `submit` commits the target's own form via requestSubmit() — the real submit
+// event fires, so an on(:verify, event: "submit") interception (or a native/
+// Turbo form) handles it exactly like a user submit. submit/focus are
+// ACTOR-ONLY: usable here and in on_client/reply.js, refused in broadcasts.
+
 const reducers = new Map()
 
 // Register (or replace) the reducer for `key`. `fn` is
@@ -91,3 +124,122 @@ export function computeReducer(key) {
 export function __resetComputeRegistryForTest() {
   reducers.clear()
 }
+
+// --- The reducer-side op-chain builder (issue #226) --------------------------
+//
+// A thin, IMMUTABLE mirror of the Ruby Phlex::Reactive::JS builder: verbs carry
+// the WIRE op names (snake_case) and append [name, args] pairs; every verb
+// returns a NEW instance, so a chain held in a constant can never be mutated by
+// later use. `.ops` exposes the raw [[name, args], ...] list the controller
+// interprets (and toJSON serializes it, so a chain can also feed a hand-built
+// ops attr). Targets: a CSS selector string, or omit for "@root" (the
+// component's own root). No build-time attr validation here — the interpreter's
+// allowlist (guardAttr) is the enforcement point; this builder only shapes the
+// wire.
+const ROOT_SENTINEL = "@root"
+
+function targetArgs(to, { global, transition } = {}) {
+  const args = { to: to ?? ROOT_SENTINEL }
+  if (global) args.global = true
+  if (transition) args.transition = normalizeTransition(transition)
+  return args
+}
+
+// Named legs { during, from, to } → the [during, from, to] wire array (the
+// issue #186 vocabulary). Loud at authoring time, like the Ruby builder.
+// Frozen, like every nested payload — the chain's immutability contract must
+// hold all the way down (the Ruby twin freezes its legs array too).
+function normalizeTransition(transition) {
+  const named =
+    transition && typeof transition === "object" && !Array.isArray(transition) &&
+    ["during", "from", "to"].every((k) => k in transition)
+  if (!named) throw new Error("[phlex-reactive] ops transition takes named legs { during, from, to }")
+  return Object.freeze([String(transition.during), String(transition.from), String(transition.to)])
+}
+
+class OpsChain {
+  constructor(list = Object.freeze([])) {
+    this.ops = list
+    Object.freeze(this)
+  }
+
+  show(to, opts) {
+    return this.#append("show", targetArgs(to, opts))
+  }
+
+  hide(to, opts) {
+    return this.#append("hide", targetArgs(to, opts))
+  }
+
+  toggle(to, opts) {
+    return this.#append("toggle", targetArgs(to, opts))
+  }
+
+  add_class(to, classes, opts) {
+    return this.#append("add_class", classArgs(to, classes, opts))
+  }
+
+  remove_class(to, classes, opts) {
+    return this.#append("remove_class", classArgs(to, classes, opts))
+  }
+
+  toggle_class(to, classes, opts) {
+    return this.#append("toggle_class", classArgs(to, classes, opts))
+  }
+
+  set_attr(to, name, value, opts) {
+    return this.#append("set_attr", { ...targetArgs(to, opts), name: String(name), value: String(value) })
+  }
+
+  remove_attr(to, name, opts) {
+    return this.#append("remove_attr", { ...targetArgs(to, opts), name: String(name) })
+  }
+
+  toggle_attr(to, name, opts) {
+    return this.#append("toggle_attr", { ...targetArgs(to, opts), name: String(name) })
+  }
+
+  focus(to, opts) {
+    return this.#append("focus", targetArgs(to, opts))
+  }
+
+  focus_first(to, opts) {
+    return this.#append("focus_first", targetArgs(to, opts))
+  }
+
+  text(to, value, opts) {
+    return this.#append("text", { ...targetArgs(to, opts), value: String(value ?? "") })
+  }
+
+  dispatch(name, { to, detail, global } = {}) {
+    const args = { name: String(name), to: to ?? ROOT_SENTINEL, detail: detail ?? {} }
+    if (global) args.global = true
+    return this.#append("dispatch", args)
+  }
+
+  submit(to, opts) {
+    return this.#append("submit", targetArgs(to, opts))
+  }
+
+  toJSON() {
+    return this.ops
+  }
+
+  #append(name, args) {
+    return new OpsChain(Object.freeze([...this.ops, Object.freeze([name, Object.freeze(args)])]))
+  }
+}
+
+// classes: one class string or an array of them (never whitespace-split — a
+// classList token can't contain spaces, so splitting would only mask a bug).
+// Loud on an empty/missing list, and frozen (the Ruby twin freezes its class
+// list too) — a chain held in a constant must stay immutable all the way down.
+function classArgs(to, classes, opts) {
+  const list = classes == null ? [] : (Array.isArray(classes) ? classes : [classes]).map(String)
+  if (list.length === 0) throw new Error("[phlex-reactive] a class op needs at least one class")
+  return { ...targetArgs(to, opts), classes: Object.freeze(list) }
+}
+
+// The shared empty chain — start every reducer effect from here:
+//   $ops: done ? ops.dispatch("code:complete").submit() : null
+export const ops = new OpsChain()
diff --git a/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/compute.min.js b/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/compute.min.js
index 6230e12..47ec682 100644
--- a/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/compute.min.js
+++ b/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/compute.min.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-var j=new Map;function q(b,p){j.set(b,p)}function v(b){return j.get(b)}function w(){j.clear()}export{q as setComputeReducer,v as computeReducer,w as __resetComputeRegistryForTest};
+var F=new Map;function M(j,q){F.set(j,q)}function P(j){return F.get(j)}function Q(){F.clear()}var J="@root";function x(j,{global:q,transition:w}={}){let B={to:j??J};if(q)B.global=!0;if(w)B.transition=K(w);return B}function K(j){if(!(j&&typeof j==="object"&&!Array.isArray(j)&&["during","from","to"].every((w)=>(w in j))))throw Error("[phlex-reactive] ops transition takes named legs { during, from, to }");return Object.freeze([String(j.during),String(j.from),String(j.to)])}class G{constructor(j=Object.freeze([])){this.ops=j,Object.freeze(this)}show(j,q){return this.#j("show",x(j,q))}hide(j,q){return this.#j("hide",x(j,q))}toggle(j,q){return this.#j("toggle",x(j,q))}add_class(j,q,w){return this.#j("add_class",D(j,q,w))}remove_class(j,q,w){return this.#j("remove_class",D(j,q,w))}toggle_class(j,q,w){return this.#j("toggle_class",D(j,q,w))}set_attr(j,q,w,B){return this.#j("set_attr",{...x(j,B),name:String(q),value:String(w)})}remove_attr(j,q,w){return this.#j("remove_attr",{...x(j,w),name:String(q)})}toggle_attr(j,q,w){return this.#j("toggle_attr",{...x(j,w),name:String(q)})}focus(j,q){return this.#j("focus",x(j,q))}focus_first(j,q){return this.#j("focus_first",x(j,q))}text(j,q,w){return this.#j("text",{...x(j,w),value:String(q??"")})}dispatch(j,{to:q,detail:w,global:B}={}){let H={name:String(j),to:q??J,detail:w??{}};if(B)H.global=!0;return this.#j("dispatch",H)}submit(j,q){return this.#j("submit",x(j,q))}toJSON(){return this.ops}#j(j,q){return new G(Object.freeze([...this.ops,Object.freeze([j,Object.freeze(q)])]))}}function D(j,q,w){let B=q==null?[]:(Array.isArray(q)?q:[q]).map(String);if(B.length===0)throw Error("[phlex-reactive] a class op needs at least one class");return{...x(j,w),classes:Object.freeze(B)}}var U=new G;export{M as setComputeReducer,U as ops,P as computeReducer,Q as __resetComputeRegistryForTest};
 
-//# debugId=5EACBA6D0928063864756E2164756E21
+//# debugId=3CB48262B60C70DD64756E2164756E21
 //# sourceMappingURL=compute.min.js.map
diff --git a/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/compute.min.js.map b/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/compute.min.js.map
index ce3480f..d22a2a4 100644
--- a/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/compute.min.js.map
+++ b/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/compute.min.js.map
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
   "version": 3,
   "sources": ["compute.js"],
   "sourcesContent": [
-    "// The client-side compute (data-binding) registry — the \"instant\" half of the\n// new/unpersisted-record UX.\n//\n// A record-backed reactive component round-trips every change to the server\n// (the signed identity re-finds the record; the server re-renders). A NEW,\n// unpersisted record has no such server truth to re-render against on every\n// keystroke — the classic answer is a bespoke Stimulus controller doing the math\n// in the browser (carlqvist's new_order_controller.js). This registry lets that\n// math be a DECLARED part of the component instead: `reactive_compute :name,\n// inputs:, outputs:` (Ruby) names a reducer registered here, and the generic\n// reactive controller runs it on `input` — writing the outputs with NO round\n// trip. When the component ALSO carries on(...) (a persisted record, or a draft\n// you sync), the debounced POST reconciles from the authoritative server reply.\n//\n// The seam mirrors confirm.js: a settable registry with a lookup the controller\n// calls. Register once at boot:\n//\n//   import { setComputeReducer } from \"phlex/reactive/compute\"\n//   setComputeReducer(\"payment_split\", ({ allowance, cash, leasing, total }) => ({\n//     allowance, leasing, cash: total - allowance - leasing,\n//   }))\n//\n// The reducer's signature is (values, meta):\n//\n//   values — a plain object of { inputName: value } over the declared inputs.\n//            Untyped inputs (the array form) AND :number-typed inputs arrive as\n//            Numbers (blank/NaN → 0); :string-typed inputs (the hash form,\n//            issue #104) arrive as the RAW string. `reactive_compute :x, inputs:\n//            { title: :string, qty: :number }` is what selects per-input types;\n//            `inputs: %i[a b]` stays all-numeric (backward compatible).\n//   meta   — { changed }: the name (string) of the declared input the\n//            triggering event edited, or null (a direct recompute() call, or a\n//            target this root doesn't own / didn't declare as an input).\n//\n// OUTPUTS may be a form FIELD or a TEXT NODE (issue #104). An output whose name\n// matches an owned control writes its .value (+ the change-guarded input\n// dispatch below). An output with NO matching field writes textContent to every\n// owned [data-reactive-text=\"<name>\"] node (reactive_text(:name)) — XSS-safe by\n// construction, change-guarded, NO input dispatch (a text node has no listener\n// contract). A declared INPUT also mirrors into its own text node on every\n// input via an always-run pass — so reactive_text(:title) is a live field\n// preview with NO registered reducer at all.\n//\n// It returns a plain object of { outputName: value } — only the outputs it\n// names are written, so it can leave the edited field (and its caret)\n// untouched. A one-argument reducer keeps working unchanged (it just ignores\n// meta). `changed` is what makes a MULTI-WAY / MUTUAL rebalance expressible as\n// one reducer (issue #75) — branch on which field the user edited:\n//\n//   setComputeReducer(\"three_way_split\", ({ field_a, field_b, field_c, total }, { changed }) => {\n//     if (changed === \"field_c\") return { field_a: total - field_c - field_b }\n//     return { field_c: total - field_a - field_b }\n//   })\n//\n// Output writes are CHANGE-GUARDED: the controller writes a field and\n// dispatches a bubbling `input` event on it ONLY when the new value differs\n// from the field's current value (real browsers never fire `input` on a\n// programmatic .value write, so the controller dispatches explicitly — that's\n// what drives a chained summary repaint, matching the server's set_value +\n// dispatch(\"input\") contract). Returning the SAME value a field already holds\n// is skipped entirely — no write, no event — which is why a reducer with\n// overlapping inputs/outputs (like payment_split above) settles instead of\n// re-entering itself forever.\n//\n// CONVERGENCE REQUIREMENT: because an output write dispatches a REAL input\n// event (issue #76), recompute re-enters with changed = that OUTPUT field's\n// name (when it's also a declared input). A branching reducer must therefore\n// be convergent: the re-entrant pass must compute values EQUAL to what the\n// first pass already wrote to the DOM, so the change guard settles the chain.\n// The three_way_split above is: after `changed === \"field_a\"` writes field_c,\n// the re-entrant `changed === \"field_c\"` pass derives field_a back to the\n// value it already holds — no write, no event, settled in one bounce.\n\nconst reducers = new Map()\n\n// Register (or replace) the reducer for `key`. `fn` is\n// (values: Record<string, number>, meta: { changed: string | null })\n//   => Record<string, unknown>.\nexport function setComputeReducer(key, fn) {\n  reducers.set(key, fn)\n}\n\n// Look up a registered reducer; undefined when none — the controller then makes\n// #recompute a no-op rather than throwing (a missing reducer must not break the\n// page; it just means no client-side binding for that root).\nexport function computeReducer(key) {\n  return reducers.get(key)\n}\n\n// Test seam: clear the registry so a reducer registered in one test can't leak.\nexport function __resetComputeRegistryForTest() {\n  reducers.clear()\n}\n"
+    "// The client-side compute (data-binding) registry — the \"instant\" half of the\n// new/unpersisted-record UX.\n//\n// A record-backed reactive component round-trips every change to the server\n// (the signed identity re-finds the record; the server re-renders). A NEW,\n// unpersisted record has no such server truth to re-render against on every\n// keystroke — the classic answer is a bespoke Stimulus controller doing the math\n// in the browser (carlqvist's new_order_controller.js). This registry lets that\n// math be a DECLARED part of the component instead: `reactive_compute :name,\n// inputs:, outputs:` (Ruby) names a reducer registered here, and the generic\n// reactive controller runs it on `input` — writing the outputs with NO round\n// trip. When the component ALSO carries on(...) (a persisted record, or a draft\n// you sync), the debounced POST reconciles from the authoritative server reply.\n//\n// The seam mirrors confirm.js: a settable registry with a lookup the controller\n// calls. Register once at boot:\n//\n//   import { setComputeReducer } from \"phlex/reactive/compute\"\n//   setComputeReducer(\"payment_split\", ({ allowance, cash, leasing, total }) => ({\n//     allowance, leasing, cash: total - allowance - leasing,\n//   }))\n//\n// The reducer's signature is (values, meta):\n//\n//   values — a plain object of { inputName: value } over the declared inputs.\n//            Untyped inputs (the array form) AND :number-typed inputs arrive as\n//            Numbers (blank/NaN → 0); :string-typed inputs (the hash form,\n//            issue #104) arrive as the RAW string. `reactive_compute :x, inputs:\n//            { title: :string, qty: :number }` is what selects per-input types;\n//            `inputs: %i[a b]` stays all-numeric (backward compatible).\n//   meta   — { changed }: the name (string) of the declared input the\n//            triggering event edited, or null (a direct recompute() call, or a\n//            target this root doesn't own / didn't declare as an input).\n//\n// OUTPUTS may be a form FIELD or a TEXT NODE (issue #104). An output whose name\n// matches an owned control writes its .value (+ the change-guarded input\n// dispatch below). An output with NO matching field writes textContent to every\n// owned [data-reactive-text=\"<name>\"] node (reactive_text(:name)) — XSS-safe by\n// construction, change-guarded, NO input dispatch (a text node has no listener\n// contract). A declared INPUT also mirrors into its own text node on every\n// input via an always-run pass — so reactive_text(:title) is a live field\n// preview with NO registered reducer at all.\n//\n// It returns a plain object of { outputName: value } — only the outputs it\n// names are written, so it can leave the edited field (and its caret)\n// untouched. A one-argument reducer keeps working unchanged (it just ignores\n// meta). `changed` is what makes a MULTI-WAY / MUTUAL rebalance expressible as\n// one reducer (issue #75) — branch on which field the user edited:\n//\n//   setComputeReducer(\"three_way_split\", ({ field_a, field_b, field_c, total }, { changed }) => {\n//     if (changed === \"field_c\") return { field_a: total - field_c - field_b }\n//     return { field_c: total - field_a - field_b }\n//   })\n//\n// Output writes are CHANGE-GUARDED: the controller writes a field and\n// dispatches a bubbling `input` event on it ONLY when the new value differs\n// from the field's current value (real browsers never fire `input` on a\n// programmatic .value write, so the controller dispatches explicitly — that's\n// what drives a chained summary repaint, matching the server's set_value +\n// dispatch(\"input\") contract). Returning the SAME value a field already holds\n// is skipped entirely — no write, no event — which is why a reducer with\n// overlapping inputs/outputs (like payment_split above) settles instead of\n// re-entering itself forever.\n//\n// CONVERGENCE REQUIREMENT: because an output write dispatches a REAL input\n// event (issue #76), recompute re-enters with changed = that OUTPUT field's\n// name (when it's also a declared input). A branching reducer must therefore\n// be convergent: the re-entrant pass must compute values EQUAL to what the\n// first pass already wrote to the DOM, so the change guard settles the chain.\n// The three_way_split above is: after `changed === \"field_a\"` writes field_c,\n// the re-entrant `changed === \"field_c\"` pass derives field_a back to the\n// value it already holds — no write, no event, settled in one bounce.\n\n// THE RESERVED `$ops` OUTPUT (issue #226). Besides field/text outputs, a\n// reducer may return the reserved key `$ops` holding a chain of client DOM\n// ops — built with the `ops` builder below, or a raw [[name, args], ...]\n// array. The controller consumes it as a PHASE 4 of the single-pass write set:\n// the ops run AFTER the field writes, text sinks, and phase-3 input dispatches\n// settle, through the SAME frozen CLIENT_OPS whitelist on_client uses (an\n// unknown op warns + is skipped). `null`/`undefined`/absent = no effect.\n//\n// RISING-EDGE semantics, keyed on CONTENT: the chain runs only when it\n// DIFFERS from the previous pass's chain (including from \"absent\"), and only\n// on EVENT-DRIVEN passes. Returning the SAME chain again is settled — no\n// re-fire (a 7th keystroke capped back to the same complete value can't\n// re-submit), mirroring the change-guarded field writes. Returning a\n// DIFFERENT chain fires again — a multi-box reducer advancing focus\n// box-by-box emits a new focus target per digit, each a new intent. The\n// connect/morph SEED pass (issue #199 — recompute with no event) ARMS the\n// latch but never fires — a form re-rendered with an already-complete value\n// (a validation-error morph, a browser restore) must not auto-fire; that is\n// what breaks the submit → error re-render → re-seed → submit loop. A later\n// pass returning no $ops re-arms. The canonical use — a one-time-code field\n// that normalizes on input and commits when complete:\n//\n//   import { setComputeReducer, ops } from \"phlex/reactive/compute\"\n//   setComputeReducer(\"otp\", ({ code }) => {\n//     const digits = code.replace(/\\D/g, \"\").slice(0, 6)\n//     return { code: digits, $ops: digits.length === 6 ? ops.submit() : null }\n//   })\n//\n// `submit` commits the target's own form via requestSubmit() — the real submit\n// event fires, so an on(:verify, event: \"submit\") interception (or a native/\n// Turbo form) handles it exactly like a user submit. submit/focus are\n// ACTOR-ONLY: usable here and in on_client/reply.js, refused in broadcasts.\n\nconst reducers = new Map()\n\n// Register (or replace) the reducer for `key`. `fn` is\n// (values: Record<string, number>, meta: { changed: string | null })\n//   => Record<string, unknown>.\nexport function setComputeReducer(key, fn) {\n  reducers.set(key, fn)\n}\n\n// Look up a registered reducer; undefined when none — the controller then makes\n// #recompute a no-op rather than throwing (a missing reducer must not break the\n// page; it just means no client-side binding for that root).\nexport function computeReducer(key) {\n  return reducers.get(key)\n}\n\n// Test seam: clear the registry so a reducer registered in one test can't leak.\nexport function __resetComputeRegistryForTest() {\n  reducers.clear()\n}\n\n// --- The reducer-side op-chain builder (issue #226) --------------------------\n//\n// A thin, IMMUTABLE mirror of the Ruby Phlex::Reactive::JS builder: verbs carry\n// the WIRE op names (snake_case) and append [name, args] pairs; every verb\n// returns a NEW instance, so a chain held in a constant can never be mutated by\n// later use. `.ops` exposes the raw [[name, args], ...] list the controller\n// interprets (and toJSON serializes it, so a chain can also feed a hand-built\n// ops attr). Targets: a CSS selector string, or omit for \"@root\" (the\n// component's own root). No build-time attr validation here — the interpreter's\n// allowlist (guardAttr) is the enforcement point; this builder only shapes the\n// wire.\nconst ROOT_SENTINEL = \"@root\"\n\nfunction targetArgs(to, { global, transition } = {}) {\n  const args = { to: to ?? ROOT_SENTINEL }\n  if (global) args.global = true\n  if (transition) args.transition = normalizeTransition(transition)\n  return args\n}\n\n// Named legs { during, from, to } → the [during, from, to] wire array (the\n// issue #186 vocabulary). Loud at authoring time, like the Ruby builder.\n// Frozen, like every nested payload — the chain's immutability contract must\n// hold all the way down (the Ruby twin freezes its legs array too).\nfunction normalizeTransition(transition) {\n  const named =\n    transition && typeof transition === \"object\" && !Array.isArray(transition) &&\n    [\"during\", \"from\", \"to\"].every((k) => k in transition)\n  if (!named) throw new Error(\"[phlex-reactive] ops transition takes named legs { during, from, to }\")\n  return Object.freeze([String(transition.during), String(transition.from), String(transition.to)])\n}\n\nclass OpsChain {\n  constructor(list = Object.freeze([])) {\n    this.ops = list\n    Object.freeze(this)\n  }\n\n  show(to, opts) {\n    return this.#append(\"show\", targetArgs(to, opts))\n  }\n\n  hide(to, opts) {\n    return this.#append(\"hide\", targetArgs(to, opts))\n  }\n\n  toggle(to, opts) {\n    return this.#append(\"toggle\", targetArgs(to, opts))\n  }\n\n  add_class(to, classes, opts) {\n    return this.#append(\"add_class\", classArgs(to, classes, opts))\n  }\n\n  remove_class(to, classes, opts) {\n    return this.#append(\"remove_class\", classArgs(to, classes, opts))\n  }\n\n  toggle_class(to, classes, opts) {\n    return this.#append(\"toggle_class\", classArgs(to, classes, opts))\n  }\n\n  set_attr(to, name, value, opts) {\n    return this.#append(\"set_attr\", { ...targetArgs(to, opts), name: String(name), value: String(value) })\n  }\n\n  remove_attr(to, name, opts) {\n    return this.#append(\"remove_attr\", { ...targetArgs(to, opts), name: String(name) })\n  }\n\n  toggle_attr(to, name, opts) {\n    return this.#append(\"toggle_attr\", { ...targetArgs(to, opts), name: String(name) })\n  }\n\n  focus(to, opts) {\n    return this.#append(\"focus\", targetArgs(to, opts))\n  }\n\n  focus_first(to, opts) {\n    return this.#append(\"focus_first\", targetArgs(to, opts))\n  }\n\n  text(to, value, opts) {\n    return this.#append(\"text\", { ...targetArgs(to, opts), value: String(value ?? \"\") })\n  }\n\n  dispatch(name, { to, detail, global } = {}) {\n    const args = { name: String(name), to: to ?? ROOT_SENTINEL, detail: detail ?? {} }\n    if (global) args.global = true\n    return this.#append(\"dispatch\", args)\n  }\n\n  submit(to, opts) {\n    return this.#append(\"submit\", targetArgs(to, opts))\n  }\n\n  toJSON() {\n    return this.ops\n  }\n\n  #append(name, args) {\n    return new OpsChain(Object.freeze([...this.ops, Object.freeze([name, Object.freeze(args)])]))\n  }\n}\n\n// classes: one class string or an array of them (never whitespace-split — a\n// classList token can't contain spaces, so splitting would only mask a bug).\n// Loud on an empty/missing list, and frozen (the Ruby twin freezes its class\n// list too) — a chain held in a constant must stay immutable all the way down.\nfunction classArgs(to, classes, opts) {\n  const list = classes == null ? [] : (Array.isArray(classes) ? classes : [classes]).map(String)\n  if (list.length === 0) throw new Error(\"[phlex-reactive] a class op needs at least one class\")\n  return { ...targetArgs(to, opts), classes: Object.freeze(list) }\n}\n\n// The shared empty chain — start every reducer effect from here:\n//   $ops: done ? ops.dispatch(\"code:complete\").submit() : null\nexport const ops = new OpsChain()\n"
   ],
-  "mappings": "AAyEA,IAAM,EAAW,IAAI,IAKd,SAAS,CAAiB,CAAC,EAAK,EAAI,CACzC,EAAS,IAAI,EAAK,CAAE,EAMf,SAAS,CAAc,CAAC,EAAK,CAClC,OAAO,EAAS,IAAI,CAAG,EAIlB,SAAS,CAA6B,EAAG,CAC9C,EAAS,MAAM",
-  "debugId": "5EACBA6D0928063864756E2164756E21",
+  "mappings": "AA0GA,IAAM,EAAW,IAAI,IAKd,SAAS,CAAiB,CAAC,EAAK,EAAI,CACzC,EAAS,IAAI,EAAK,CAAE,EAMf,SAAS,CAAc,CAAC,EAAK,CAClC,OAAO,EAAS,IAAI,CAAG,EAIlB,SAAS,CAA6B,EAAG,CAC9C,EAAS,MAAM,EAcjB,IAAM,EAAgB,QAEtB,SAAS,CAAU,CAAC,GAAM,SAAQ,cAAe,CAAC,EAAG,CACnD,IAAM,EAAO,CAAE,GAAI,GAAM,CAAc,EACvC,GAAI,EAAQ,EAAK,OAAS,GAC1B,GAAI,EAAY,EAAK,WAAa,EAAoB,CAAU,EAChE,OAAO,EAOT,SAAS,CAAmB,CAAC,EAAY,CAIvC,GAAI,EAFF,GAAc,OAAO,IAAe,UAAY,CAAC,MAAM,QAAQ,CAAU,GACzE,CAAC,SAAU,OAAQ,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,KAAM,KAAK,EAAU,GAC3C,MAAU,MAAM,uEAAuE,EACnG,OAAO,OAAO,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,EAAW,MAAM,EAAG,OAAO,EAAW,IAAI,EAAG,OAAO,EAAW,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,EAGlG,MAAM,CAAS,CACb,WAAW,CAAC,EAAO,OAAO,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC,EAAG,CACpC,KAAK,IAAM,EACX,OAAO,OAAO,IAAI,EAGpB,IAAI,CAAC,EAAI,EAAM,CACb,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,OAAQ,EAAW,EAAI,CAAI,CAAC,EAGlD,IAAI,CAAC,EAAI,EAAM,CACb,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,OAAQ,EAAW,EAAI,CAAI,CAAC,EAGlD,MAAM,CAAC,EAAI,EAAM,CACf,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,SAAU,EAAW,EAAI,CAAI,CAAC,EAGpD,SAAS,CAAC,EAAI,EAAS,EAAM,CAC3B,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,YAAa,EAAU,EAAI,EAAS,CAAI,CAAC,EAG/D,YAAY,CAAC,EAAI,EAAS,EAAM,CAC9B,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,eAAgB,EAAU,EAAI,EAAS,CAAI,CAAC,EAGlE,YAAY,CAAC,EAAI,EAAS,EAAM,CAC9B,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,eAAgB,EAAU,EAAI,EAAS,CAAI,CAAC,EAGlE,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAI,EAAM,EAAO,EAAM,CAC9B,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,WAAY,IAAK,EAAW,EAAI,CAAI,EAAG,KAAM,OAAO,CAAI,EAAG,MAAO,OAAO,CAAK,CAAE,CAAC,EAGvG,WAAW,CAAC,EAAI,EAAM,EAAM,CAC1B,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,cAAe,IAAK,EAAW,EAAI,CAAI,EAAG,KAAM,OAAO,CAAI,CAAE,CAAC,EAGpF,WAAW,CAAC,EAAI,EAAM,EAAM,CAC1B,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,cAAe,IAAK,EAAW,EAAI,CAAI,EAAG,KAAM,OAAO,CAAI,CAAE,CAAC,EAGpF,KAAK,CAAC,EAAI,EAAM,CACd,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,QAAS,EAAW,EAAI,CAAI,CAAC,EAGnD,WAAW,CAAC,EAAI,EAAM,CACpB,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,cAAe,EAAW,EAAI,CAAI,CAAC,EAGzD,IAAI,CAAC,EAAI,EAAO,EAAM,CACpB,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,OAAQ,IAAK,EAAW,EAAI,CAAI,EAAG,MAAO,OAAO,GAAS,EAAE,CAAE,CAAC,EAGrF,QAAQ,CAAC,GAAQ,KAAI,SAAQ,UAAW,CAAC,EAAG,CAC1C,IAAM,EAAO,CAAE,KAAM,OAAO,CAAI,EAAG,GAAI,GAAM,EAAe,OAAQ,GAAU,CAAC,CAAE,EACjF,GAAI,EAAQ,EAAK,OAAS,GAC1B,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,WAAY,CAAI,EAGtC,MAAM,CAAC,EAAI,EAAM,CACf,OAAO,KAAK,GAAQ,SAAU,EAAW,EAAI,CAAI,CAAC,EAGpD,MAAM,EAAG,CACP,OAAO,KAAK,IAGd,EAAO,CAAC,EAAM,EAAM,CAClB,OAAO,IAAI,EAAS,OAAO,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,KAAK,IAAK,OAAO,OAAO,CAAC,EAAM,OAAO,OAAO,CAAI,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC,EAEhG,CAMA,SAAS,CAAS,CAAC,EAAI,EAAS,EAAM,CACpC,IAAM,EAAO,GAAW,KAAO,CAAC,GAAK,MAAM,QAAQ,CAAO,EAAI,EAAU,CAAC,CAAO,GAAG,IAAI,MAAM,EAC7F,GAAI,EAAK,SAAW,EAAG,MAAU,MAAM,sDAAsD,EAC7F,MAAO,IAAK,EAAW,EAAI,CAAI,EAAG,QAAS,OAAO,OAAO,CAAI,CAAE,EAK1D,IAAM,EAAM,IAAI",
+  "debugId": "3CB48262B60C70DD64756E2164756E21",
   "names": []
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.js b/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.js
index 7020209..ab581e2 100644
--- a/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.js
+++ b/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.js
@@ -1092,8 +1092,25 @@ const CLIENT_OPS = Object.freeze({
   dispatch: (el, args) => {
     el.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(args.name, { bubbles: true, composed: true, detail: args.detail ?? {} }))
   },
+
+  // Submit the target's OWN form (issue #226) via requestSubmit() — constraint
+  // validation runs and a REAL cancelable `submit` event fires, so an
+  // on(:action, event: "submit") interception or a native/Turbo form handles it
+  // exactly like a user submit. No form → no-op. ACTOR-ONLY like focus: the
+  // broadcast builder refuses it server-side (BROADCAST_REFUSED_OPS).
+  submit: (el) => submitFormFor(el)?.requestSubmit?.(),
 })
 
+// The form a submit op commits (issue #226), in order: the target itself when
+// it IS a form (tagName, not instanceof — fake-node/test friendly), its form
+// owner for a control (input.form — honors a form= attribute), else the nearest
+// ancestor form. closest() may cross the component root by design — the
+// FIELD'S OWN form is the submit scope, not the reactive boundary.
+function submitFormFor(el) {
+  if (el?.tagName === "FORM") return el
+  return el?.form ?? el?.closest?.("form") ?? null
+}
+
 // Apply a hidden-flag change, optionally animated by a [during, from, to]
 // transition (issue #96). Split out so show/hide/toggle share it.
 function setHidden(el, hidden, args) {
@@ -1165,6 +1182,39 @@ function showBindingMatches(el, value) {
 // present. Each coerces BOTH sides to Number and compares.
 const SHOW_NUMERIC_KEYS = ["gte", "gt", "lte", "lt"]
 
+// The length predicate keys (issue #226) — the client half of Ruby's
+// ShowConditions::LENGTH_KEYS. Length is counted in CODEPOINTS
+// ([...str].length), NOT UTF-16 code units (str.length), so Ruby's
+// String#length and this evaluator agree on multibyte values — the shared
+// fixture's emoji vector proves it.
+const SHOW_LENGTH_KEYS = ["len_eq", "len_gte", "len_gt", "len_lte", "len_lt"]
+
+// Evaluate one length predicate. Length is a TOTAL function (blank/absent →
+// 0), so every field value is decidable — no fail-closed special case like the
+// numeric thresholds ({ length: 0 } legitimately matches a blank field). A
+// non-Integer LITERAL is a malformed binding — warn-skip (null), default-deny.
+function lengthPredicateMatches(key, literal, value) {
+  if (!Number.isInteger(literal)) {
+    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] reactive_show ${key}: needs an integer literal, got ${JSON.stringify(literal)} — skipped`)
+    return null
+  }
+  const length = [...String(value ?? "")].length
+  switch (key) {
+    case "len_eq":
+      return length === literal
+    case "len_gte":
+      return length >= literal
+    case "len_gt":
+      return length > literal
+    case "len_lte":
+      return length <= literal
+    case "len_lt":
+      return length < literal
+    default:
+      return null
+  }
+}
+
 // Evaluate one numeric threshold predicate against a field value. Returns
 // true/false for a decidable comparison, or null when the LITERAL itself is
 // non-numeric (a malformed binding — warn-skip, default-deny). A non-numeric
@@ -1218,6 +1268,10 @@ function showPredicateMatches(pred, value) {
   for (const key of SHOW_NUMERIC_KEYS) {
     if (key in pred) return numericPredicateMatches(key, pred[key], value)
   }
+  // Length predicates (issue #226): codepoint count vs an Integer literal.
+  for (const key of SHOW_LENGTH_KEYS) {
+    if (key in pred) return lengthPredicateMatches(key, pred[key], value)
+  }
   return null
 }
 
@@ -1242,6 +1296,27 @@ function parseShowCompound(raw) {
   return null
 }
 
+// Parse a data-reactive-on-complete payload (issue #226): a JSON array of
+// { any: [[term, …], …], ops: [[op, args], …] } bindings. Malformed JSON, a
+// non-array, or a binding missing either half degrades to [] WITH a warn — a
+// bad payload must never throw or fire an op (client-side default-deny, the
+// parseShowCompound posture).
+function parseOnComplete(raw) {
+  try {
+    const list = JSON.parse(raw)
+    if (
+      Array.isArray(list) &&
+      list.every((b) => b && typeof b === "object" && Array.isArray(b.any) && Array.isArray(b.ops))
+    ) {
+      return list
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // fall through to the warn
+  }
+  console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed reactive_on_complete payload ${JSON.stringify(raw)} — skipped`)
+  return []
+}
+
 // Evaluate one DNF TERM against a resolved field value (issue #180). A missing
 // field (null) or a malformed/unknown predicate folds to FALSE — fail-closed
 // (default-deny): a broken AND term can't pass, a broken OR term can't reveal.
@@ -1348,6 +1423,20 @@ function parseOps(raw) {
   }
 }
 
+// Normalize a reducer's reserved $ops output (issue #226): the compute `ops`
+// builder (its .ops list), a raw [[name, args], ...] array, or null/undefined
+// (no effect this pass). An EMPTY list is the same as null — "nothing to run"
+// must not latch the rising edge. Anything else warns + is dropped
+// (default-deny, like every other malformed op source). Reducers are trusted
+// app code, but their ops still run through the frozen CLIENT_OPS whitelist.
+function computeOpsList(raw) {
+  if (raw == null) return null
+  const list = Array.isArray(raw) ? raw : raw.ops
+  if (Array.isArray(list)) return list.length > 0 ? list : null
+  console.warn("[phlex-reactive] $ops must be an ops chain or a [[op, args], ...] list — skipped")
+  return null
+}
+
 // Interpret a [[name, args], ...] op list against the frozen CLIENT_OPS
 // whitelist (issues #95/#96/#97). `resolveTargets(args)` returns the element(s)
 // an op applies to — the controller scopes to its root (excluding nested
@@ -1416,6 +1505,13 @@ export default class extends Controller {
   // (single-pass write set). Per-instance, so another root's events are never
   // swallowed. WeakSet: entries drop when the short-lived Event is GC'd.
   #computeSelfDispatched = new WeakSet()
+  // Issue #226: the serialized $ops chain of the LAST reducer pass (null when
+  // absent) — the rising-edge latch, keyed on CONTENT: an identical chain
+  // never re-fires (a capped extra keystroke can't re-submit), while a chain
+  // that CHANGED fires again (a multi-box reducer advancing focus box-by-box
+  // emits a different focus target per digit). The seed pass arms this
+  // without firing.
+  #computeOpsSignature = null
   // Dirty tracking (issue #103): the bound re-scan (turbo:morph-element) and the
   // navigate-away guard handlers, held so disconnect() can remove exactly them.
   #boundScanDirty
@@ -1424,6 +1520,15 @@ export default class extends Controller {
   // Show bindings (issue #161): the ONE delegated sync handler shared by the
   // root's input/change/turbo:morph-element listeners, held for teardown.
   #boundSyncShow
+  // Completion bindings (issue #226): the delegated gesture handler + the
+  // no-gesture morph arm, held for teardown; the per-binding rising-edge
+  // latches; and the raw-attr memo that re-parses (and resets the latches)
+  // when a morph rewrites the payload.
+  #boundSyncOnComplete
+  #boundArmOnComplete
+  #onCompleteRaw
+  #onCompleteParsed
+  #onCompleteStates
   // Option filtering (issue #163): the ONE delegated sync handler shared by the
   // root's input/turbo:morph-element listeners, held for teardown.
   #boundSyncFilter
@@ -1532,6 +1637,26 @@ export default class extends Controller {
       this.#syncShow()
     }
 
+    // Completion bindings (issue #226) — ONLY when the root declares
+    // data-reactive-on-complete (the show/filter gate precedent). ONE
+    // delegated input+change listener evaluates every binding's DNF over the
+    // owned fields and runs its ops on the RISING EDGE — the event-driven
+    // flip to true. The connect pass ARMS without firing (a fresh render with
+    // already-satisfied conditions must never self-fire — the $ops seed
+    // precedent), and turbo:morph-element re-arms the same way after an
+    // in-place morph. Listeners added HERE run after the Stimulus-wired
+    // recompute delegation for the same event, so the evaluation reads
+    // compute-NORMALIZED values (and a compute output write dispatches a real
+    // input event that re-evaluates anyway).
+    if (this.#onCompleteEnabled()) {
+      this.#boundSyncOnComplete = (event) => this.#syncOnComplete(event)
+      this.#boundArmOnComplete = () => this.#syncOnComplete(null)
+      this.element.addEventListener?.("input", this.#boundSyncOnComplete)
+      this.element.addEventListener?.("change", this.#boundSyncOnComplete)
+      this.element.addEventListener?.("turbo:morph-element", this.#boundArmOnComplete)
+      this.#syncOnComplete(null)
+    }
+
     // Option filtering (issue #163) — ONLY when the root declares the binding
     // (reactive_filter emits both attrs together), so a component without one
     // pays two attribute reads. ONE delegated input listener on the root — the
@@ -1635,6 +1760,7 @@ export default class extends Controller {
     this.#clearAllThrottles()
     this.#teardownDirtyTracking()
     this.#teardownShowSync()
+    this.#teardownOnCompleteSync()
     this.#teardownFilterSync()
     this.#teardownTagsSync()
     this.#teardownNestedJsonSync()
@@ -1928,7 +2054,12 @@ export default class extends Controller {
     // snapshot above (issue #183): its result drives the whole single-pass write.
     const result = reduce(values, { changed: this.#changedComputeField(event, inputs, scope) }) || {}
 
-    // Issue #183 — SINGLE-PASS WRITE SET. Three ordered phases, so declared output
+    // The reserved $ops output (issue #226) is CONSUMED here — normalized once,
+    // then excluded from every write phase below (it is an op chain, never a
+    // field value, text sink, or mirror), and applied as phase 4.
+    const reducerOps = computeOpsList(result.$ops)
+
+    // Issue #183 — SINGLE-PASS WRITE SET. Ordered phases, so declared output
     // order stops being semantics and a wrong order can no longer corrupt values:
     //
     //   1. BATCH the field writes from the ONE result. Each output name in the
@@ -1942,9 +2073,12 @@ export default class extends Controller {
     //      per-instance WeakSet) makes recompute skip re-running the reducer for our
     //      own write, while the event still fires every OTHER listener (chained
     //      repaint, dirty tracking, show bindings, sibling roots).
+    //   4. RUN the reducer's $ops chain (issue #226) — rising-edge, event-gated —
+    //      so its ops (dispatch a completion event, submit the form) always see
+    //      the fully settled DOM and every chained listener has already run.
     const changedFields = []
     for (const name of outputs) {
-      if (!(name in result)) continue
+      if (name === "$ops" || !(name in result)) continue
       const field = ownedField(name)
       if (!field) continue // a non-field output paints as a text sink in phase 2
       if (String(result[name]) === field.value) continue // change-guard — unchanged, skip
@@ -1958,6 +2092,7 @@ export default class extends Controller {
     // undefined result value is SKIPPED (never stringified to "null"/"undefined") —
     // the same "no value this pass, don't paint" filter #applyComputeMirrors uses.
     for (const name of Object.keys(result)) {
+      if (name === "$ops") continue
       const value = result[name]
       if (value === undefined || value === null) continue
       this.#mirrorText(name, value)
@@ -1979,6 +2114,29 @@ export default class extends Controller {
       this.#computeSelfDispatched.add(inputEvent)
       field.dispatchEvent(inputEvent)
     }
+
+    // Phase 4 — the reducer's $ops chain (issue #226), after everything settled.
+    // Event-gated: a seed/direct recompute() pass (no event) arms the latch but
+    // never fires, so a restored/re-rendered complete value can't auto-fire.
+    this.#applyComputeOps(reducerOps, Boolean(event))
+  }
+
+  // Apply a reducer-emitted $ops chain (issue #226) on its RISING EDGE, keyed
+  // on CONTENT: fire only when THIS pass's chain differs from the LAST pass's
+  // (including from "absent"), and only on an event-driven pass. An unchanged
+  // chain never re-fires — "still complete, same submit" is settled, exactly
+  // like the change-guarded field writes. A pass with no $ops re-arms; a pass
+  // whose chain CHANGED fires again (per-keystroke focus advance across OTP
+  // boxes is a different focus target each time — a deliberately new intent).
+  // Ops run through the shared CLIENT_OPS interpreter with runOps's
+  // root-scoped target resolution; a missing to: defaults to "@root"
+  // (hand-written reducer ergonomics).
+  #applyComputeOps(list, eventDriven) {
+    const signature = list === null ? null : JSON.stringify(list)
+    const fire = signature !== null && signature !== this.#computeOpsSignature && eventDriven
+    this.#computeOpsSignature = signature
+    if (!fire) return
+    applyOps(list, (args) => this.#opTargets(args.to == null ? { ...args, to: "@root" } : args))
   }
 
   // Client-side list navigation (combobox keyboard nav, issue #72). Wired by
@@ -3388,6 +3546,60 @@ export default class extends Controller {
     return false
   }
 
+  // The connect() gate for completion bindings (issue #226) — one attribute read.
+  #onCompleteEnabled() {
+    return !!this.element.getAttribute?.("data-reactive-on-complete")
+  }
+
+  // Parse-and-memoize the completion bindings, keyed on the RAW attr string:
+  // a morph that rewrote the payload re-parses and RESETS the latches (the
+  // morph listener's own arm pass then re-arms without firing). A removed
+  // attr yields [] silently; malformed JSON warns (in parseOnComplete).
+  #onCompleteBindings() {
+    const raw = this.element.getAttribute?.("data-reactive-on-complete") ?? null
+    if (raw !== this.#onCompleteRaw) {
+      this.#onCompleteRaw = raw
+      this.#onCompleteParsed = raw == null ? [] : parseOnComplete(raw)
+      this.#onCompleteStates = this.#onCompleteParsed.map(() => false)
+    }
+    return this.#onCompleteParsed
+  }
+
+  // Evaluate every completion binding (issue #226) over the owned fields —
+  // the SAME memoized, scope-aware field resolver and DNF fold the show sync
+  // uses — and run each binding's ops on ITS OWN rising edge. `event` null
+  // (the connect/morph arm pass) updates the latches WITHOUT firing, so ops
+  // only ever run from a real user gesture. An undecidable payload (no
+  // groups) leaves its latch alone — default-deny, like every malformed-wire
+  // arm. Ops resolve through runOps's root-scoped targets; a missing to:
+  // defaults to "@root" (the $ops convention).
+  #syncOnComplete(event) {
+    const bindings = this.#onCompleteBindings()
+    if (!bindings.length) return
+
+    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()
+    const scope = this.element.getAttribute?.("data-reactive-scope") || null
+    const values = new Map()
+    const fieldValue = (name) => {
+      if (!values.has(name)) values.set(name, this.#showFieldValue(name, owns, scope))
+      return values.get(name)
+    }
+    bindings.forEach((binding, i) => {
+      const matches = anyOfAllsMatches(binding.any, fieldValue)
+      if (matches === null) return
+      const fire = matches && !this.#onCompleteStates[i] && Boolean(event)
+      this.#onCompleteStates[i] = matches
+      if (fire) applyOps(binding.ops, (args) => this.#opTargets(args.to == null ? { ...args, to: "@root" } : args))
+    })
+  }
+
+  #teardownOnCompleteSync() {
+    if (!this.#boundSyncOnComplete) return
+    this.element.removeEventListener?.("input", this.#boundSyncOnComplete)
+    this.element.removeEventListener?.("change", this.#boundSyncOnComplete)
+    this.element.removeEventListener?.("turbo:morph-element", this.#boundArmOnComplete)
+  }
+
   // Re-evaluate every OWNED show binding in one pass (issue #161): read the
   // controlling field's current value, evaluate the declared literal predicate,
   // toggle `hidden`. A full pass (not per-target) for the same reason as
diff --git a/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.min.js b/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.min.js
index 69d0e8b..e8a6200 100644
--- a/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.min.js
+++ b/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.min.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{Controller as WX}from"@hotwired/stimulus";import{confirmResolver as R}from"phlex/reactive/confirm";import{computeReducer as JX}from"phlex/reactive/compute";import{confirmPredicate as LX}from"phlex/reactive/confirm_predicate";function VX(){let X=window.Turbo?.StreamActions;if(!X||X["reactive:visit"])return;X["reactive:visit"]=function(){let Z=this.getAttribute("data-url");if(Z)window.Turbo.visit(Z,{action:"advance"})}}function BX(){let X=window.Turbo?.StreamActions;if(!X||X["reactive:token"])return;X["reactive:token"]=function(){let Z=this.getAttribute("data-reactive-token-value"),$=this.getAttribute("target");if(!Z||!$)return;let Q=document.getElementById($);if(Q)Q.setAttribute("data-reactive-token-value",Z)}}function _X(){let X=window.Turbo?.StreamActions;if(!X||X["reactive:js"])return;X["reactive:js"]=function(){let Z=HX(this.getAttribute("data-reactive-ops"));if(!Z.length)return;let $=this.getAttribute("target"),Q=$?document.getElementById($):null;if($&&!Q)return;UX(Z,(j)=>ZZ(j,Q))}}var _=new Map;function s(X,Z){let $=!_.has(X);if(_.set(X,Z),$)QX()}function N(X){if(_.delete(X))jX()}function GZ(){_.clear(),S=!1}function qZ(X){return _.get(X)?.via}var S=!1;function AX(){let X=window.Turbo?.StreamActions;if(!X||X["reactive:defer"])return;if(X["reactive:defer"]=function(){let Z=this.getAttribute("target");if(!Z)return;if(this.getAttribute("data-reactive-defer-via")==="stream"){OX(Z,this);return}let $=this.getAttribute("data-reactive-defer-token");if(!$)return;C(Z,$)},!S&&typeof document<"u"&&document.addEventListener)S=!0,document.addEventListener("turbo:before-stream-render",MX)}function MX(X){let $=X.target?.getAttribute?.("target");if(!$)return;let Q=$.startsWith("reactive-defer-src-")?$.slice(19):$;if(_.get(Q)?.via==="stream")N(Q)}function C(X,Z){let $=document.getElementById(X);if(!$){console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] reactive:defer target #${X} is not on the page — skipped`);return}a(X),r($);let Q={via:"fetch",abort:new AbortController,timedOut:!1};s(X,Q),xX(X,Q,Z)}function OX(X,Z){let $=document.getElementById(X);if(!$){console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] reactive:defer target #${X} is not on the page — skipped`);return}let Q=Z.getAttribute("data-reactive-defer-src");if(!Q)return;if(!globalThis.customElements?.get?.("pgbus-stream-source")){let z=Z.getAttribute("data-reactive-defer-token");if(z){C(X,z);return}console.error("[phlex-reactive] reactive:defer via=stream but <pgbus-stream-source> is not registered "+"and no fallback token was provided — is the pgbus client loaded on this page?");return}a(X),r($);let j=document.createElement("pgbus-stream-source");j.id=n(X),j.setAttribute("src",Q),j.setAttribute("since-id",Z.getAttribute("data-reactive-defer-since-id")??"0"),j.setAttribute("hidden",""),document.body.appendChild(j),s(X,{via:"stream"})}function n(X){return`reactive-defer-src-${X}`}async function xX(X,Z,$){let Q=setTimeout(()=>{Z.timedOut=!0,Z.abort.abort()},CX()),j;try{j=await fetch(PX(),{method:"POST",headers:{Accept:"text/vnd.turbo-stream.html","Content-Type":"application/json","X-CSRF-Token":NX()},body:JSON.stringify({token:$}),credentials:"same-origin",signal:Z.abort.signal})}catch(G){if(clearTimeout(Q),_.get(X)!==Z)return;console.error("[phlex-reactive] deferred render failed",G),F(X,$);return}if(_.get(X)!==Z){clearTimeout(Q);return}if(j.status===204){clearTimeout(Q),g(X);return}if(!j.ok){clearTimeout(Q),console.error(`[phlex-reactive] deferred render failed: HTTP ${j.status}`),F(X,$,j.status);return}let z;try{z=await j.text()}catch(G){if(clearTimeout(Q),_.get(X)!==Z)return;console.error("[phlex-reactive] deferred render failed reading the body",G),F(X,$);return}if(clearTimeout(Q),_.get(X)!==Z)return;g(X),window.Turbo.renderStreamMessage(z)}function a(X){let Z=_.get(X);if(!Z)return;if(N(X),Z.via==="fetch")Z.abort.abort();else document.getElementById(n(X))?.remove?.()}function 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X=document.querySelector('meta[name="phlex-reactive-timeout"]')?.content,Z=Number(X);return Number.isFinite(Z)&&Z>0?Z:30000}var b=!1;function DX(){if(b)return;if(typeof document>"u"||!document.addEventListener)return;b=!0,document.addEventListener("turbo:before-stream-render",RX)}function RX(X){let Z=X.detail,$=Z?.render;if(typeof $!=="function"||$.__reactiveDismissWrapped){if(typeof requestAnimationFrame==="function")requestAnimationFrame(I);else setTimeout(I,0);return}let Q=async(j)=>{await $(j),I()};Q.__reactiveDismissWrapped=!0,Z.render=Q}function I(){let X=document.querySelectorAll("[data-reactive-dismiss-after]");for(let Z of X){if(Z.hasAttribute("data-reactive-dismiss-scheduled"))continue;let $=Number(Z.getAttribute("data-reactive-dismiss-after"));if(!Number.isFinite($)||$<=0)continue;Z.setAttribute("data-reactive-dismiss-scheduled",""),setTimeout(()=>Z.remove(),$)}}function YZ(){b=!1}var FX=Object.freeze({append:"enter",prepend:"enter",replace:"update",update:"update",remove:"exit"}),T=Object.freeze(["fade","slide","scale","highlight","shake"]),w="data-reactive-fx-pending",e=1000,h=!1;function IX(){if(h)return;if(typeof document>"u"||typeof document.addEventListener!=="function")return;h=!0,document.addEventListener("turbo:before-stream-render",TX)}function KZ(){h=!1}function TX(X){let Z=X.detail,$=Z?.render;if(typeof $!=="function"||$.__reactiveEffectsWrapped)return;let Q=Z?.newStream??X.target,j=FX[Q?.getAttribute?.("action")];if(!j||SX())return;let z=EX(Q,j);if(!z)return;let G=j==="exit"?async(q)=>{await hX(x(Q),z),await $(q)}:async(q)=>{let Y=j==="enter"?bX(Q):null;if(await $(q),j==="enter")wX(Y,z);else XX(x(Q),z)};G.__reactiveEffectsWrapped=!0,Z.render=G}function EX(X,Z){let $=X.getAttribute?.("data-reactive-effect");if($==="off")return null;if($)return c($,Z);let j=(Z==="enter"?kX(X):x(X))?.getAttribute?.(`data-reactive-effect-${Z}`);return j?c(j,Z):null}function 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document.querySelector("pgbus-stream-source[connection-id]")?.getAttribute("connection-id")||document.querySelector('meta[name="pgbus-connection-id"]')?.content||null}}export{UZ as resetReactiveDefers,MZ as resetReactiveActivity,VX as registerReactiveVisit,BX as registerReactiveToken,fX as registerReactiveOffline,_X as registerReactiveJs,IX as registerReactiveEffects,RX as registerReactiveDismiss,MX as registerReactiveDefer,l as registerReactiveActions,_Z as reactiveActivityCount,WZ as pendingDeferVia,zX as exitReactiveActivity,gX as escapeRegExp,jX as enterReactiveActivity,pX as enableLatencySim,uX as disableLatencySim,PZ as default,cX as checkReactiveRegistration,AZ as __resetReactiveRegistrationForTest,VZ as __resetReactiveOfflineForTest,BZ as __resetReactiveLatencyForTest,LZ as __resetReactiveEffectsForTest,JZ as __resetReactiveDismissForTest,xZ as __markReactiveConnectedForTest,m as LATENCY_KEY,QX as ACTIVE_ATTR};
 
-//# debugId=3D36FCC8A2F9938464756E2164756E21
+//# debugId=B44B95BDB680993364756E2164756E21
 //# sourceMappingURL=reactive_controller.min.js.map
diff --git a/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.min.js.map b/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.min.js.map
index 00c113a..439f8bb 100644
--- a/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.min.js.map
+++ b/app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.min.js.map
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
   "version": 3,
   "sources": ["reactive_controller.js"],
   "sourcesContent": [
-    "import { Controller } from \"@hotwired/stimulus\"\n// Import the BARE specifier the engine already pins (phlex/reactive/confirm),\n// NOT a relative \"./confirm.js\" (issue #57). Under importmap-rails + Propshaft\n// the controller is served at its DIGESTED url; a relative sibling import is\n// left untouched (Propshaft rewrites only RAILS_ASSET_URL(...), and the import\n// map resolves ONLY bare specifiers), so \"./confirm.js\" resolves against the\n// digested controller url → an undigested /assets/.../confirm.js that 404s, and\n// the throwing import takes down every Stimulus controller on the page. The\n// bare specifier resolves to the digested asset through the import map, and\n// bundlers/bun resolve it the same way they already resolve\n// \"phlex/reactive/reactive_controller\" (see tsconfig.json paths for the tests).\nimport { confirmResolver } from \"phlex/reactive/confirm\"\n// Client-side computes (data bindings): the reducer registry behind\n// reactive_compute. Bare specifier for the same import-map reason as confirm.\nimport { computeReducer } from \"phlex/reactive/compute\"\n// Conditional-confirm predicates (issue #179): the registry behind the\n// confirm: { predicate: \"name\" } escape hatch. Same bare-specifier reason.\nimport { confirmPredicate } from \"phlex/reactive/confirm_predicate\"\n\n// The ONE generic controller behind every reactive Phlex component. It\n// replaces the per-feature Stimulus controllers you'd otherwise hand-write\n// for interactive components. A component declares its actions in Ruby (via\n// Phlex::Reactive::Component); this controller binds DOM events to a single\n// HTTP round trip and lets Turbo apply the re-rendered component back in\n// (replace by default; method=\"morph\" — Response.morph — preserves focus).\n//\n// Wire format (client -> server), POST <action path>, turbo-stream Accept:\n//   { token: \"<signed identity>\", act: \"<action>\", params: {...} }   (JSON)\n// (`act`, not `action`: `action` is a reserved Rails routing param.)\n// The token is a MessageVerifier-signed { component, gid } — NO state is sent.\n// When the root holds a chosen <input type=\"file\">, the SAME payload is sent as\n// multipart FormData instead (token/act flat, params bracketed, files appended)\n// so an upload reaches the action (issue #34) — only the encoding differs.\n// The response is a <turbo-stream> that replaces the component by its id.\n//\n// Server -> client live updates use the SAME element id, pushed over the\n// stream transport (pgbus SSE / Action Cable) via the Streamable\n// .broadcast_* methods — so a click and a background broadcast converge on\n// one re-render unit.\n//\n// Custom turbo-stream action: the server tells the actor to full-navigate\n// (e.g. the record's slug changed and the current URL is now dead). It rides a\n// 200 turbo-stream — NOT an HTTP 3xx — so it never trips the response.redirected\n// bail below (which still correctly catches real auth/CSRF redirects). Registered\n// once on the Turbo global (no @hotwired/turbo import — the gem uses window.Turbo\n// everywhere, and a named import is unreliable under importmap/esbuild).\nexport function registerReactiveVisit() {\n  const actions = window.Turbo?.StreamActions\n  if (!actions || actions[\"reactive:visit\"]) return\n  actions[\"reactive:visit\"] = function () {\n    const url = this.getAttribute(\"data-url\")\n    if (url) window.Turbo.visit(url, { action: \"advance\" })\n  }\n}\n\n// Custom turbo-stream action: a TOKEN-ONLY refresh (issue #30). A partial\n// update (Response.streams / reply.streams) re-renders only PART of a component\n// — so there's no full-self replace to carry the next signed token. The server\n// instead emits `<turbo-stream action=\"reactive:token\" target=\"<id>\"\n// data-reactive-token-value=\"<fresh>\">`. #perform's #extractToken already reads\n// the token out of the response body for the NEXT queued request; this handler\n// keeps the DOM in sync too, writing the attribute onto the root element so the\n// `tokenValue` fallback stays fresh. It's a pure attribute set — no node is\n// replaced — so a focused <input> + caret survive (the whole point: update a\n// total cell without tearing down the field the user is typing in).\nexport function registerReactiveToken() {\n  const actions = window.Turbo?.StreamActions\n  if (!actions || actions[\"reactive:token\"]) return\n  actions[\"reactive:token\"] = function () {\n    const token = this.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-token-value\")\n    const target = this.getAttribute(\"target\")\n    if (!token || !target) return\n    const el = document.getElementById(target)\n    // Stimulus reads the token via the `token` value -> data-reactive-token-value.\n    if (el) el.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-token-value\", token)\n  }\n}\n\n// Custom turbo-stream action: SERVER-PUSHED client DOM ops (issue #97). The\n// server-side sibling of on_client's runOps — a reply (reply.<verb>.js(ops)) or\n// a broadcast (Streamable.broadcast_js_to) emits\n//\n//   <turbo-stream action=\"reactive:js\" target=\"<optional root id>\"\n//                 data-reactive-ops=\"[[op, args], ...]\"></turbo-stream>\n//\n// and Turbo invokes this handler with `this` bound to that <turbo-stream>\n// element. It runs the ops through the SAME frozen CLIENT_OPS whitelist as\n// runOps (client-side default-deny — an unknown op warns + is skipped), so a\n// forged/stale ops attr can never break the page or execute anything off the\n// vocabulary. NO token, NO fetch — a pure local DOM mutation.\n//\n// `target` (optional, an element id) scopes op resolution to that root: \"@root\"\n// resolves to the target element itself and a selector resolves WITHIN it.\n// Without a target, ops resolve document-wide (a broadcast op like\n// add_class(\"#bell\", ...) that isn't anchored to one component). The op stream\n// is emitted AFTER all render streams in the reply (the endpoint appends it\n// last), so focus(\"[name=next]\") sees the freshly morphed DOM — Turbo applies\n// streams in document order.\nexport function registerReactiveJs() {\n  const actions = window.Turbo?.StreamActions\n  if (!actions || actions[\"reactive:js\"]) return\n  actions[\"reactive:js\"] = function () {\n    const list = parseOps(this.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-ops\"))\n    if (!list.length) return\n    const targetId = this.getAttribute(\"target\")\n    // With a target: scope to that element (missing → no-op). Without: document.\n    const root = targetId ? document.getElementById(targetId) : null\n    if (targetId && !root) return\n    applyOps(list, (args) => streamOpTargets(args, root))\n  }\n}\n\n// --- Deferred reply segments (issue #165) ----------------------------------\n// The client half of reply.defer: the server's reply carries a\n// `<turbo-stream action=\"reactive:defer\" target=\"<id>\">` directive and the\n// real render reaches the SAME actor later — via a parallel fetch (pull) or a\n// pgbus one-shot stream (push). Everything here is MODULE-level, deliberately\n// OFF the per-controller request queue: the whole point is that the expensive\n// segment never blocks the actor's next action.\n//\n// Supersession is the correctness core: pendingDefers keys one in-flight\n// delivery per target id. A newer directive for the same target aborts the\n// older fetch (or removes the older stream source), and an arrival applies\n// ONLY while its entry is still current — so a fast typist's debounced\n// keystrokes can never paint stale totals over fresh ones.\nconst pendingDefers = new Map()\n\n// Register/drop a target's pending defer entry, keeping the GLOBAL activity\n// counter (issue #201) balanced against the Map's ACTUAL key presence — a defer\n// is one in-flight reactive operation for as long as its registry entry lives.\n// Keying enter/exit on the presence TRANSITION (not the raw call) means a\n// re-set of an already-present key, or a delete of an absent one, can never\n// unbalance the count. Both the fetch (pull) and stream (push) lane route their\n// registry mutations through here, so the push lane is counted correctly even\n// though its DOM pending markers clear by a node swap, not clearDeferPending.\nfunction setPendingDefer(targetId, entry) {\n  const isNew = !pendingDefers.has(targetId)\n  pendingDefers.set(targetId, entry)\n  if (isNew) enterReactiveActivity()\n}\n\nfunction deletePendingDefer(targetId) {\n  if (pendingDefers.delete(targetId)) exitReactiveActivity()\n}\n\n// Test seam: clear the module-level registry between unit tests. Also resets\n// the one-shot settle-listener guard so a test's fresh document re-registers\n// the turbo:before-stream-render settler. Does NOT touch the activity counter —\n// resetReactiveActivity is its own seam (the two are reset together in tests).\nexport function resetReactiveDefers() {\n  pendingDefers.clear()\n  deferStreamSettleRegistered = false\n}\n\n// Test seam: the `via` of a target's pending defer entry (or undefined) — lets\n// tests assert an entry was SETTLED (dropped) on arrival without exposing the\n// Map. Not used by the runtime.\nexport function pendingDeferVia(targetId) {\n  return pendingDefers.get(targetId)?.via\n}\n\nlet deferStreamSettleRegistered = false\n\nexport function registerReactiveDefer() {\n  const actions = window.Turbo?.StreamActions\n  if (!actions || actions[\"reactive:defer\"]) return\n  actions[\"reactive:defer\"] = function () {\n    const target = this.getAttribute(\"target\")\n    if (!target) return\n    if (this.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-via\") === \"stream\") {\n      startStreamDefer(target, this)\n      return\n    }\n    const token = this.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-token\")\n    if (!token) return\n    startFetchDefer(target, token)\n  }\n\n  // Settle a STREAM-lane pendingDefers entry when its arrival lands: the job's\n  // broadcast is a turbo-stream that replaces the target (and removes the\n  // source). A document-level turbo:before-stream-render hook drops the Map\n  // entry for a stream target the moment a stream renders against it — so the\n  // entry never outlives the delivery (the fetch lane settles inline; the\n  // stream lane's arrival is a broadcast this controller doesn't await, so it\n  // needs this hook). Registered once; a no-op without document.\n  if (!deferStreamSettleRegistered && typeof document !== \"undefined\" && document.addEventListener) {\n    deferStreamSettleRegistered = true\n    document.addEventListener(\"turbo:before-stream-render\", settleStreamDeferOnRender)\n  }\n}\n\n// Drop a stream-lane pendingDefers entry when a turbo-stream renders against\n// its target id (the job's replace) OR removes its source element. Keyed by the\n// stream's target so an unrelated stream never settles a defer. Pure Map\n// cleanup — the DOM apply is Turbo's; this only releases our bookkeeping.\nfunction settleStreamDeferOnRender(event) {\n  const streamEl = event.target\n  const target = streamEl?.getAttribute?.(\"target\")\n  if (!target) return\n  // The arrival replaces #<target>; the source removal targets\n  // reactive-defer-src-<target>. Either signals the stream delivered.\n  const targetId = target.startsWith(\"reactive-defer-src-\")\n    ? target.slice(\"reactive-defer-src-\".length)\n    : target\n  const entry = pendingDefers.get(targetId)\n  if (entry?.via === \"stream\") deletePendingDefer(targetId)\n}\n\n// The pull lane: mark the target pending and POST the signed defer token to\n// the defer endpoint, in parallel with everything else the page is doing.\nfunction startFetchDefer(targetId, token) {\n  const el = document.getElementById(targetId)\n  if (!el) {\n    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] reactive:defer target #${targetId} is not on the page — skipped`)\n    return\n  }\n  supersedeDefer(targetId)\n  markDeferPending(el)\n  const entry = { via: \"fetch\", abort: new AbortController(), timedOut: false }\n  setPendingDefer(targetId, entry)\n  performDeferFetch(targetId, entry, token)\n}\n\n// The push lane: subscribe a <pgbus-stream-source> to the server-signed\n// one-shot stream. Arrival + teardown need no client logic — the job's\n// broadcast carries the replace AND a remove of this source element (its\n// disconnectedCallback closes the SSE connection). since-id=0 on a fresh key\n// replays a broadcast that beat the subscription (the durable-lane guarantee).\nfunction startStreamDefer(targetId, directive) {\n  const el = document.getElementById(targetId)\n  if (!el) {\n    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] reactive:defer target #${targetId} is not on the page — skipped`)\n    return\n  }\n  const src = directive.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-src\")\n  if (!src) return\n  if (!globalThis.customElements?.get?.(\"pgbus-stream-source\")) {\n    // The server chose push on server-side capability, but this page has no\n    // pgbus client. Degrade to the fetch lane using the fallback token the push\n    // directive carries — rather than dead-end the shimmer. No token (an app on\n    // a bespoke transport) is a loud no-op.\n    const fallbackToken = directive.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-token\")\n    if (fallbackToken) {\n      startFetchDefer(targetId, fallbackToken)\n      return\n    }\n    console.error(\n      \"[phlex-reactive] reactive:defer via=stream but <pgbus-stream-source> is not registered \" +\n        \"and no fallback token was provided — is the pgbus client loaded on this page?\",\n    )\n    return\n  }\n  supersedeDefer(targetId)\n  markDeferPending(el)\n  const source = document.createElement(\"pgbus-stream-source\")\n  // Deterministic id: the JOB's broadcast removes it by this exact id — the\n  // subscription tears itself down with the payload it delivered.\n  source.id = deferSourceId(targetId)\n  source.setAttribute(\"src\", src)\n  source.setAttribute(\"since-id\", directive.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-since-id\") ?? \"0\")\n  source.setAttribute(\"hidden\", \"\")\n  document.body.appendChild(source)\n  // Record only { via } — NOT a strong ref to the source element. The job's\n  // broadcast removes the source by its deterministic id (its\n  // disconnectedCallback closes the SSE), so holding srcEl here would pin the\n  // detached node in this module-level Map forever (a leak). Supersession\n  // re-finds the element by id instead. The entry is dropped on\n  // supersession or when the arriving broadcast replaces the target (a\n  // turbo:before-stream-render hook, below).\n  setPendingDefer(targetId, { via: \"stream\" })\n}\n\n// The deterministic id of a target's one-shot <pgbus-stream-source>.\nfunction deferSourceId(targetId) {\n  return `reactive-defer-src-${targetId}`\n}\n\nasync function performDeferFetch(targetId, entry, token) {\n  // Bound the wait like the action fetch (issue #101) — a hung defer must not\n  // shimmer forever. A manual timer (not AbortSignal.timeout) so the catch can\n  // tell a TIMEOUT (fail loudly) from a SUPERSEDED abort (stay silent).\n  const timer = setTimeout(() => {\n    entry.timedOut = true\n    entry.abort.abort()\n  }, deferTimeoutMs())\n\n  // The timeout is cleared ONLY after the body is fully read (below), not the\n  // moment headers arrive — a server that streams headers then stalls the body\n  // must still abort, or the shimmer hangs forever (the abort signal covers the\n  // whole fetch + body read, mirroring #perform's AbortSignal.timeout).\n  let response\n  try {\n    response = await fetch(deferPath(), {\n      method: \"POST\",\n      headers: {\n        Accept: \"text/vnd.turbo-stream.html\",\n        \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n        \"X-CSRF-Token\": deferCsrfToken(),\n      },\n      body: JSON.stringify({ token }),\n      credentials: \"same-origin\",\n      signal: entry.abort.signal,\n    })\n  } catch (error) {\n    clearTimeout(timer)\n    if (pendingDefers.get(targetId) !== entry) return // superseded — silent\n    console.error(\"[phlex-reactive] deferred render failed\", error)\n    failDefer(targetId, token)\n    return\n  }\n  if (pendingDefers.get(targetId) !== entry) {\n    clearTimeout(timer)\n    return // superseded mid-flight\n  }\n\n  if (response.status === 204) {\n    clearTimeout(timer)\n    // render? false — keep the current content, just clear the pending state.\n    settleDefer(targetId)\n    return\n  }\n  if (!response.ok) {\n    clearTimeout(timer)\n    console.error(`[phlex-reactive] deferred render failed: HTTP ${response.status}`)\n    failDefer(targetId, token, response.status)\n    return\n  }\n\n  let html\n  try {\n    html = await response.text()\n  } catch (error) {\n    clearTimeout(timer)\n    if (pendingDefers.get(targetId) !== entry) return\n    console.error(\"[phlex-reactive] deferred render failed reading the body\", error)\n    failDefer(targetId, token)\n    return\n  }\n  clearTimeout(timer)\n  if (pendingDefers.get(targetId) !== entry) return // superseded during read\n\n  settleDefer(targetId)\n  // A normal replace/morph of the target — the fresh root carries no pending\n  // markers and a fresh action token, so the component lands interactive.\n  window.Turbo.renderStreamMessage(html)\n}\n\n// Abort/unsubscribe whatever delivery is in flight for this target. The\n// deleted entry makes every late arrival fail its identity check — stale\n// content can never paint.\nfunction supersedeDefer(targetId) {\n  const existing = pendingDefers.get(targetId)\n  if (!existing) return\n  deletePendingDefer(targetId)\n  if (existing.via === \"fetch\") existing.abort.abort()\n  // Stream lane: re-find the old source by its deterministic id and remove it\n  // (unsubscribe) — we deliberately don't hold a strong ref to the detached\n  // node. Its disconnectedCallback closes the SSE.\n  else document.getElementById(deferSourceId(targetId))?.remove?.()\n}\n\nfunction markDeferPending(el) {\n  el.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-pending\", \"true\")\n  el.setAttribute(\"aria-busy\", \"true\")\n}\n\nfunction clearDeferPending(el) {\n  el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-pending\")\n  el.removeAttribute(\"aria-busy\")\n}\n\n// Success/204: drop the registry entry, clear pending, and clear any prior\n// defer failure marker (recovery resets error-driven CSS, issue #100 style).\nfunction settleDefer(targetId) {\n  deletePendingDefer(targetId)\n  const el = document.getElementById(targetId)\n  if (!el) return\n  clearDeferPending(el)\n  el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-error\")\n}\n\n// Failure: clear pending (the shimmer must not lie), mark the root\n// (data-reactive-error=\"defer\" — style it in pure CSS), and emit a bubbling\n// reactive:error whose retry() re-enters the defer fetch with the SAME token\n// (still valid inside the TTL; an expired token 400s into this same path).\nfunction failDefer(targetId, token, status) {\n  deletePendingDefer(targetId)\n  const el = document.getElementById(targetId)\n  if (!el) return\n  clearDeferPending(el)\n  el.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-error\", \"defer\")\n  const retry = () => {\n    const fresh = document.getElementById(targetId)\n    if (!fresh) {\n      console.warn(\"[phlex-reactive] defer retry() ignored — the target left the DOM\")\n      return\n    }\n    fresh.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-error\")\n    startFetchDefer(targetId, token)\n  }\n  el.dispatchEvent(\n    new CustomEvent(\"reactive:error\", {\n      bubbles: true,\n      composed: true,\n      detail: { kind: \"defer\", target: targetId, status, retry },\n    }),\n  )\n}\n\nfunction deferPath() {\n  return document.querySelector('meta[name=\"phlex-reactive-defer-path\"]')?.content || \"/reactive/defer\"\n}\n\n// CSRF is read LIVE per request (Rails can rotate it) — same contract as the\n// controller's #csrfToken.\nfunction deferCsrfToken() {\n  return document.querySelector('meta[name=\"csrf-token\"]')?.content ?? \"\"\n}\n\n// Same page-stable meta + default as the controller's #timeoutMs (issue #101),\n// parsed defensively so a typo'd meta can never disable the bound.\nfunction deferTimeoutMs() {\n  const raw = document.querySelector('meta[name=\"phlex-reactive-timeout\"]')?.content\n  const ms = Number(raw)\n  return Number.isFinite(ms) && ms > 0 ? ms : 30000\n}\n\n// Document-level self-dismissing flashes (issue #100). A flash rendered with\n// dismiss_after: carries data-reactive-dismiss-after=\"<ms>\"; after the timeout\n// it removes itself. This is deliberately NOT a Stimulus controller — the flash\n// container is a plain host-app div (Response#flash appends into it) with no\n// controller attached, so nothing would honor the attr. A document-level scan\n// on turbo:before-stream-render (which fires for EVERY <turbo-stream> render —\n// a reply AND a broadcast) schedules removal for any newly-arrived dismissing\n// flash. Each is marked data-reactive-dismiss-scheduled so re-scans (a later\n// stream render) never double-schedule the same node. Registered once; the\n// guard flag makes a second call a no-op (bun imports the module once per run).\nlet dismissRegistered = false\nexport function registerReactiveDismiss() {\n  if (dismissRegistered) return\n  if (typeof document === \"undefined\" || !document.addEventListener) return\n  dismissRegistered = true\n  // turbo:before-stream-render fires BEFORE the stream is applied — and Turbo\n  // then does `await nextRepaint(); await event.detail.render(this)`, so a bare\n  // setTimeout(0) can run BEFORE the node is inserted (observed under Falcon).\n  // WRAP event.detail.render instead: run Turbo's own render, then scan once it\n  // has resolved — timing-independent and correct on every server. The event\n  // fires for EVERY <turbo-stream> (a reply AND a broadcast), so both delivery\n  // paths self-clean. detail.render may be absent on exotic streams — guard it.\n  document.addEventListener(\"turbo:before-stream-render\", wrapStreamRenderForDismiss)\n}\n\n// Chain the dismissing-flash scan after Turbo's own stream render resolves, so\n// the scan sees the freshly-inserted node. Idempotent per event (marks\n// detail.render as already-wrapped) and defensive if detail/render is missing.\nfunction wrapStreamRenderForDismiss(event) {\n  const detail = event.detail\n  const original = detail?.render\n  if (typeof original !== \"function\" || original.__reactiveDismissWrapped) {\n    // No render to wrap (or already wrapped) — fall back to a post-repaint scan.\n    if (typeof requestAnimationFrame === \"function\") requestAnimationFrame(scheduleReactiveDismissals)\n    else setTimeout(scheduleReactiveDismissals, 0)\n    return\n  }\n  const wrapped = async (streamElement) => {\n    await original(streamElement)\n    scheduleReactiveDismissals()\n  }\n  wrapped.__reactiveDismissWrapped = true\n  detail.render = wrapped\n}\n\n// Scan for un-scheduled dismissing flashes and schedule each one's removal.\n// Kept a module function so the scan logic is testable and re-run on every\n// stream render.\nfunction scheduleReactiveDismissals() {\n  const flashes = document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-reactive-dismiss-after]\")\n  for (const el of flashes) {\n    if (el.hasAttribute(\"data-reactive-dismiss-scheduled\")) continue\n    const ms = Number(el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-dismiss-after\"))\n    if (!Number.isFinite(ms) || ms <= 0) continue\n    el.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-dismiss-scheduled\", \"\")\n    setTimeout(() => el.remove(), ms)\n  }\n}\n\n// Test seam: reset the one-time registration guard so a fresh document stub in\n// the next test registers its own listener (bun runs all specs in one process).\nexport function __resetReactiveDismissForTest() {\n  dismissRegistered = false\n}\n\n// Reactive effects (issue #215): animate ENTER (append/prepend), EXIT (remove)\n// and UPDATE (replace/update, plain or morph) when a <turbo-stream> renders.\n// Document-level and render-wrapping like the dismiss hook above, so ONE\n// interceptor covers both delivery paths (a reply and a broadcast). Strictly\n// data-driven and default-deny: the per-call data-reactive-effect on the\n// stream element wins (\"off\" suppresses), else the carrier element's\n// data-reactive-effect-<hook> — the DOM target for exit/update, the INCOMING\n// template root for enter. No attribute → no work; unknown names and\n// malformed legs warn + skip (a newer or forged attr must never break the\n// page). prefers-reduced-motion disables everything (the shipped CSS is also\n// media-wrapped — defense in depth).\n//\n// Timing:\n//   * exit — the animation runs BEFORE Turbo's render (the removal), awaited\n//     via animationend/transitionend with a timeout fallback; a ZERO computed\n//     duration (no effects CSS loaded, reduced-motion CSS gate) skips the wait\n//     entirely, so a missing stylesheet can never freeze a removal.\n//   * enter/update — Turbo renders first, then the effect class is applied to\n//     the inserted/updated element(s) and removed on settle (fire-and-forget).\n//     Re-applying an update effect restarts it (class off → reflow → on).\n//\n// A named effect maps to the shipped CSS class reactive-fx--<name>-<hook>\n// (app/assets/stylesheets/phlex/reactive/effects.css); \"random\" picks a\n// built-in per application; a \"[\"-prefixed value is a custom\n// [during, from, to] class-legs triple (the #96/#186 vocabulary), run with\n// runTransition's add → frame → swap → settle choreography.\nconst EFFECT_HOOKS = Object.freeze({\n  append: \"enter\",\n  prepend: \"enter\",\n  replace: \"update\",\n  update: \"update\",\n  remove: \"exit\",\n})\nconst EFFECT_BUILT_INS = Object.freeze([\"fade\", \"slide\", \"scale\", \"highlight\", \"shake\"])\n// Marks an incoming template root so the post-render scan finds the inserted\n// CLONE (Turbo clones template content on render — attrs ride the clone).\nconst EFFECT_PENDING_ATTR = \"data-reactive-fx-pending\"\n// The hard ceiling on any effect wait — an exit's removal is delayed at most\n// this long even if animationend/transitionend never fire.\nconst EFFECT_SETTLE_FALLBACK_MS = 1000\n\nlet effectsRegistered = false\nexport function registerReactiveEffects() {\n  if (effectsRegistered) return\n  if (typeof document === \"undefined\" || typeof document.addEventListener !== \"function\") return\n  effectsRegistered = true\n  document.addEventListener(\"turbo:before-stream-render\", wrapStreamRenderForEffects)\n}\n\nexport function __resetReactiveEffectsForTest() {\n  effectsRegistered = false\n}\n\n// Wrap event.detail.render (the dismiss-hook pattern) when this stream both\n// maps to a hook AND resolves to an effect. Resolution happens HERE, before\n// the render, because exit must read the target while it is still in the DOM\n// and enter must read (and mark) the template content before Turbo clones it.\nfunction wrapStreamRenderForEffects(event) {\n  const detail = event.detail\n  const original = detail?.render\n  if (typeof original !== \"function\" || original.__reactiveEffectsWrapped) return\n  const streamEl = detail?.newStream ?? event.target\n  const hook = EFFECT_HOOKS[streamEl?.getAttribute?.(\"action\")]\n  if (!hook || effectsReducedMotion()) return\n  const effect = resolveStreamEffect(streamEl, hook)\n  if (!effect) return\n\n  const wrapped =\n    hook === \"exit\"\n      ? async (el) => {\n          await runExitEffect(effectTarget(streamEl), effect)\n          await original(el)\n        }\n      : async (el) => {\n          const container = hook === \"enter\" ? markIncomingRoots(streamEl) : null\n          await original(el)\n          if (hook === \"enter\") animateMarkedRoots(container, effect)\n          else runEnterOrUpdateEffect(effectTarget(streamEl), effect)\n        }\n  wrapped.__reactiveEffectsWrapped = true\n  detail.render = wrapped\n}\n\n// The effect for this stream: per-call data-reactive-effect first (\"off\" →\n// none), else the carrier's declared data-reactive-effect-<hook>.\nfunction resolveStreamEffect(streamEl, hook) {\n  const perCall = streamEl.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-effect\")\n  if (perCall === \"off\") return null\n  if (perCall) return parseEffect(perCall, hook)\n  const carrier = hook === \"enter\" ? incomingEffectRoot(streamEl) : effectTarget(streamEl)\n  const declared = carrier?.getAttribute?.(`data-reactive-effect-${hook}`)\n  return declared ? parseEffect(declared, hook) : null\n}\n\n// The stream's CURRENT DOM target (re-queried at use, so a post-replace call\n// sees the freshly-swapped element). Our builders always emit `target` —\n// multi-`targets` streams are not ours and pass through unanimated.\nfunction effectTarget(streamEl) {\n  const target = streamEl.getAttribute?.(\"target\")\n  return target ? (document.getElementById?.(target) ?? null) : null\n}\n\n// The incoming content's root element (an append/prepend's arriving\n// component) — the carrier of a declared enter effect.\nfunction incomingEffectRoot(streamEl) {\n  return streamEl.querySelector?.(\"template\")?.content?.firstElementChild ?? null\n}\n\n// A wire value → an executable effect: { className } for a shipped built-in\n// (\"random\" picks one per application), { legs } for a custom triple. null +\n// console.warn for anything else (default-deny).\nfunction parseEffect(value, hook) {\n  if (value.startsWith(\"[\")) {\n    let legs = null\n    try {\n      const parsed = JSON.parse(value)\n      if (Array.isArray(parsed) && parsed.length === 3) legs = parsed.map(String)\n    } catch {\n      // malformed JSON → the shared warn below\n    }\n    if (legs) return { legs }\n    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed effect legs ${JSON.stringify(value)} — skipped`)\n    return null\n  }\n  const name =\n    value === \"random\" ? EFFECT_BUILT_INS[Math.floor(Math.random() * EFFECT_BUILT_INS.length)] : value\n  if (!EFFECT_BUILT_INS.includes(name)) {\n    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] unknown effect ${JSON.stringify(value)} — skipped`)\n    return null\n  }\n  return { className: `reactive-fx--${name}-${hook}` }\n}\n\nfunction effectsReducedMotion() {\n  try {\n    return typeof matchMedia === \"function\" && matchMedia(\"(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)\").matches\n  } catch {\n    return false\n  }\n}\n\n// Stamp each incoming template root with the pending marker (Turbo's render\n// clones the content, so the marker rides the inserted clone) and return the\n// container the post-render scan searches. Pre-render on purpose.\nfunction markIncomingRoots(streamEl) {\n  const content = streamEl.querySelector?.(\"template\")?.content\n  if (!content) return null\n  for (const child of Array.from(content.children ?? [])) child.setAttribute?.(EFFECT_PENDING_ATTR, \"\")\n  return effectTarget(streamEl)\n}\n\n// Post-render: find the just-inserted clones by their marker, unmark, animate.\nfunction animateMarkedRoots(container, effect) {\n  if (typeof container?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n  for (const el of Array.from(container.querySelectorAll(`[${EFFECT_PENDING_ATTR}]`))) {\n    el.removeAttribute(EFFECT_PENDING_ATTR)\n    runEnterOrUpdateEffect(el, effect)\n  }\n}\n\n// EXIT: animate on the still-present element, resolve when settled, and only\n// then does the wrapper run Turbo's removal. Zero computed duration (no\n// effects CSS) resolves immediately — never a dead 1s freeze.\nasync function runExitEffect(el, effect) {\n  if (!el?.classList) return\n  if (effect.legs) {\n    await runLegsEffect(el, effect.legs)\n    return\n  }\n  el.classList.add(effect.className)\n  const duration = effectDurationMs(el)\n  if (duration <= 0) {\n    el.classList.remove(effect.className)\n    return\n  }\n  await effectSettled(el, duration)\n  el.classList.remove(effect.className)\n}\n\n// ENTER/UPDATE: fire-and-forget after the render. A re-applied class is\n// removed + reflowed first so rapid successive updates restart the flash; the\n// per-element token keeps an older settle from clearing a newer application.\nfunction runEnterOrUpdateEffect(el, effect) {\n  if (!el?.classList) return\n  if (effect.legs) {\n    runLegsEffect(el, effect.legs)\n    return\n  }\n  if (el.classList.contains(effect.className)) {\n    el.classList.remove(effect.className)\n    void el.offsetWidth // force a reflow so re-adding restarts the animation\n  }\n  el.classList.add(effect.className)\n  const duration = effectDurationMs(el)\n  if (duration <= 0) {\n    el.classList.remove(effect.className)\n    return\n  }\n  const token = (el.__reactiveFxToken = (el.__reactiveFxToken ?? 0) + 1)\n  effectSettled(el, duration).then(() => {\n    if (el.__reactiveFxToken === token) el.classList.remove(effect.className)\n  })\n}\n\n// Custom class legs — runTransition's choreography (add during+from, swap\n// from→to on the next frame, settle, clean up), promise-shaped so an exit can\n// await it. Class lists are space-separated (the #96/#186 wire).\n//\n// Rapid re-application on the same element RESTARTS, mirroring the named\n// path's token guard: each run takes the per-element token, clears any\n// earlier run's leg classes, and a superseded run stops touching the element\n// the moment a newer run owns it — so a stale settle can never strip classes\n// mid-animation or double-swap the legs. A superseded EXIT run resolves\n// early, which only lets Turbo's removal proceed sooner (never later).\nasync function runLegsEffect(el, legs) {\n  const [during, from, to] = legs.map(splitEffectClasses)\n  const token = (el.__reactiveFxToken = (el.__reactiveFxToken ?? 0) + 1)\n  el.classList.remove(...during, ...from, ...to)\n  el.classList.add(...during, ...from)\n  await effectNextFrame()\n  if (el.__reactiveFxToken !== token) return\n  el.classList.remove(...from)\n  el.classList.add(...to)\n  const duration = effectDurationMs(el)\n  if (duration > 0) await effectSettled(el, duration)\n  if (el.__reactiveFxToken !== token) return\n  el.classList.remove(...during, ...to)\n}\n\nfunction splitEffectClasses(list) {\n  return String(list ?? \"\")\n    .split(/\\s+/)\n    .filter(Boolean)\n}\n\n// The longest computed animation/transition (duration + delay, comma lists\n// included) in ms, capped at the hard fallback. 0 when getComputedStyle is\n// unavailable or nothing animates — callers skip the wait entirely.\nfunction effectDurationMs(el) {\n  if (typeof getComputedStyle !== \"function\") return 0\n  try {\n    const style = getComputedStyle(el)\n    const longest = (value) =>\n      String(value ?? \"\")\n        .split(\",\")\n        .reduce((max, part) => Math.max(max, parseFloat(part) || 0), 0)\n    const animation = longest(style.animationDuration) + longest(style.animationDelay)\n    const transition = longest(style.transitionDuration) + longest(style.transitionDelay)\n    return Math.min(Math.max(animation, transition) * 1000, EFFECT_SETTLE_FALLBACK_MS)\n  } catch {\n    return 0\n  }\n}\n\n// Resolve on animationend/transitionend — whichever fires first — with a\n// timeout slightly past the computed duration, so a canceled animation (a\n// display:none ancestor, an interrupted transition) can't hang an exit.\nfunction effectSettled(el, durationMs) {\n  return new Promise((resolve) => {\n    let done = false\n    const settle = () => {\n      if (done) return\n      done = true\n      resolve()\n    }\n    el.addEventListener?.(\"animationend\", settle, { once: true })\n    el.addEventListener?.(\"transitionend\", settle, { once: true })\n    setTimeout(settle, Math.min(durationMs + 50, EFFECT_SETTLE_FALLBACK_MS))\n  })\n}\n\nfunction effectNextFrame() {\n  return new Promise((resolve) => {\n    if (typeof requestAnimationFrame === \"function\") requestAnimationFrame(() => resolve())\n    else setTimeout(resolve, 16)\n  })\n}\n\n// Offline CSS hook (issue #101). Mirror data-reactive-offline on\n// document.documentElement from navigator.onLine, kept in sync by the window\n// online/offline events — so an app can dim a save button or show a banner with\n// PURE CSS and zero JS ([data-reactive-offline] .save { pointer-events: none }).\n// Guarded on window (needed for addEventListener AND navigator) so importing the\n// module in a non-browser (bun test) context is a no-op, and registered once\n// (the online/offline listeners are NOT {once}, so a second registerReactiveActions\n// call must not stack duplicates) — mirroring the dismiss guard + reset seam.\nlet offlineRegistered = false\nexport function registerReactiveOffline() {\n  if (offlineRegistered) return\n  if (typeof window === \"undefined\" || typeof document === \"undefined\") return\n  if (typeof window.addEventListener !== \"function\") return\n  offlineRegistered = true\n  // toggleAttribute(name, force) writes data-reactive-offline=\"\" (a bare boolean\n  // attr the [data-reactive-offline] selector matches) or removes it — never the\n  // \"true\" string. navigator.onLine === false is the reliable direction (a false\n  // \"online\" is spec-permitted but rare, and this is only a presentational hook —\n  // the authoritative offline signal is the #perform gate, not this attribute).\n  // Fully defensive: a missing documentElement/toggleAttribute/navigator degrades\n  // to a no-op — a presentational hook must NEVER throw during bootstrap.\n  const sync = () => {\n    const root = document.documentElement\n    if (typeof root?.toggleAttribute !== \"function\") return\n    root.toggleAttribute(\"data-reactive-offline\", globalThis.navigator?.onLine === false)\n  }\n  sync() // seed synchronously so first paint is correct\n  window.addEventListener(\"online\", sync)\n  window.addEventListener(\"offline\", sync)\n}\n\nexport function __resetReactiveOfflineForTest() {\n  offlineRegistered = false\n}\n\n// Latency simulator dev aid (issue #102). On localhost the click→morph round\n// trip is ~5ms, so the pending/loading/optimistic affordances (aria-busy,\n// disable_with, busy_on, optimistic hints) flash by too fast to see while\n// developing or demoing them — the reason LiveView ships enableLatencySim(ms).\n//\n// enableLatencySim(ms) persists the delay to sessionStorage (session-scoped, so\n// it clears when the tab closes — never a config you forget you left on);\n// #perform reads it right before the fetch and awaits setTimeout(ms), stretching\n// the already-set busy window to something visible. disableLatencySim() clears\n// it. NAMED exports (the setConfirmResolver precedent) — but importmap module\n// exports are unreachable from the browser console, so registerReactiveActions\n// ALSO attaches these to window.PhlexReactive, and ONLY when the app opts in with\n// <meta name=\"phlex-reactive-env\" content=\"development\"> (see #attachLatencyHandle).\nexport const LATENCY_KEY = \"phlex-reactive:latency\"\n\n// One-time \"sim active\" banner guard (module-level, mirroring offlineRegistered):\n// #maybeSimulateLatency warns ONCE while the sim is on, not once per request.\nlet latencyBannerShown = false\n\nexport function enableLatencySim(ms) {\n  if (typeof sessionStorage === \"undefined\") return\n  sessionStorage.setItem(LATENCY_KEY, String(ms))\n}\n\nexport function disableLatencySim() {\n  if (typeof sessionStorage === \"undefined\") return\n  sessionStorage.removeItem(LATENCY_KEY)\n  // Re-arm the one-time \"sim active\" banner: turning the sim OFF is the lifecycle\n  // boundary, so a later enableLatencySim() in the same session re-announces that\n  // the sim is on (otherwise the guard would stay set across an off→on cycle and\n  // swallow the banner). Matches the __resetReactiveLatencyForTest seam.\n  latencyBannerShown = false\n}\n\n// The dev gate. importmap module exports aren't reachable from the DevTools\n// console, so we expose the two functions on a window handle — but ONLY when the\n// app authored <meta name=\"phlex-reactive-env\" content=\"development\">. There is\n// NO engine-emitted meta (the engine can't inject into the host layout); the\n// install generator ships the snippet commented. Without the meta: no global\n// handle at all, and #perform short-circuits on the null sessionStorage read —\n// zero production surface. The `?.content` chain is fully defensive (a stubbed\n// document with no querySelector, a missing meta) so bootstrap never throws.\nfunction attachLatencyHandle() {\n  if (typeof window === \"undefined\" || typeof document === \"undefined\") return\n  const env = document.querySelector?.('meta[name=\"phlex-reactive-env\"]')?.content\n  if (env !== \"development\") return\n  window.PhlexReactive = { enableLatencySim, disableLatencySim }\n}\n\n// Test seam: forget the one-time active-sim banner so the next test re-warns.\nexport function __resetReactiveLatencyForTest() {\n  latencyBannerShown = false\n}\n\n// --- Global reactive-activity signal (issue #201) --------------------------\n// A DOCUMENT-LEVEL count of in-flight reactive operations — the direct analogue\n// of Turbo's progress bar, but for reactive round trips and deferred renders\n// instead of navigations. Anything that starts an async reactive operation calls\n// enterReactiveActivity(); when it settles (success OR failure, on every path) it\n// calls exitReactiveActivity(). The count is exposed two ways so an app — or a\n// system test — can key off \"is the reactive layer settling?\" without knowing\n// about any individual root:\n//\n//   * a marker on <html>: data-reactive-active present while count > 0 (CSS can\n//     drive a global spinner; code/tests can read it). A DISTINCT name from the\n//     per-root data-reactive-busy so a [data-reactive-busy] selector never also\n//     matches the document element.\n//   * events on document: reactive:busy on the 0 -> >0 edge, reactive:idle on the\n//     >0 -> 0 edge — EDGES ONLY (not once per op), each carrying { count }.\n//\n// It sums ACROSS all reactive roots (module-level, not per-controller) and across\n// the two async lifecycles wired below:\n//   * dispatch — entered in #applyBusy (at ENQUEUE, so the queue wait counts too),\n//     exited in the settle closure #perform runs in its finally.\n//   * defer    — entered/exited with the pendingDefers registry (set/delete), the\n//     ONE registry both the fetch (pull) and the stream (push) lane maintain — so\n//     the push lane stays balanced even though it clears its pending markers by a\n//     node swap, not clearDeferPending. A supersede is delete-then-set (net zero),\n//     which is correct: a fast typist's replaced defer is still \"layer busy\".\n//\n// compute-seed is deliberately NOT counted: recompute() is synchronous, so a seed\n// is fully applied by the time the call returns — there is no async window to await\n// (the \"value settles a beat after a morph/seed\" case the issue describes is\n// covered by the System test helpers' re-resolve-by-id polling, not this counter).\nexport const ACTIVE_ATTR = \"data-reactive-active\"\n\nlet activityCount = 0\n\n// Increment the global in-flight count; on the 0 -> 1 edge, mark <html> and fire\n// reactive:busy. Fully defensive — a non-browser/test document with no\n// documentElement/dispatchEvent still tracks the count and simply skips the DOM\n// side effects (a global signal must never throw during bootstrap or a round trip).\nexport function enterReactiveActivity() {\n  activityCount++\n  if (activityCount === 1) syncReactiveActivity(\"reactive:busy\")\n}\n\n// Decrement the global in-flight count, clamped at 0 so an unbalanced exit can\n// never drive it negative (which would wedge the marker on forever). On the\n// 1 -> 0 edge, clear the <html> marker and fire reactive:idle.\nexport function exitReactiveActivity() {\n  if (activityCount === 0) return\n  activityCount--\n  if (activityCount === 0) syncReactiveActivity(\"reactive:idle\")\n}\n\n// The current in-flight count — a test seam and a runtime read (an app can gate an\n// \"unsaved changes\" prompt on `reactiveActivityCount() > 0`).\nexport function reactiveActivityCount() {\n  return activityCount\n}\n\n// Test seam: reset the module-level counter (and clear the marker) between tests,\n// since the module is imported once per bun run.\nexport function resetReactiveActivity() {\n  activityCount = 0\n  const root = typeof document !== \"undefined\" ? document.documentElement : null\n  root?.removeAttribute?.(ACTIVE_ATTR)\n}\n\n// Write the <html> marker from the current count and fire the edge event on\n// document. Both sides are independently guarded so a partial document stub (a\n// documentElement without toggleAttribute, or a document without dispatchEvent)\n// degrades to a no-op rather than throwing.\nfunction syncReactiveActivity(eventName) {\n  if (typeof document === \"undefined\") return\n  const root = document.documentElement\n  if (typeof root?.toggleAttribute === \"function\") {\n    root.toggleAttribute(ACTIVE_ATTR, activityCount > 0)\n  }\n  if (typeof document.dispatchEvent === \"function\" && typeof CustomEvent === \"function\") {\n    document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(eventName, { detail: { count: activityCount } }))\n  }\n}\n\nexport function registerReactiveActions() {\n  registerReactiveVisit()\n  registerReactiveToken()\n  registerReactiveJs()\n  registerReactiveDefer()\n  registerReactiveDismiss()\n  registerReactiveEffects()\n  registerReactiveOffline()\n  attachLatencyHandle()\n}\n\n// Escape a DOM id for safe interpolation into a RegExp (an id can legally contain\n// regex metacharacters like `.`/`:` — e.g. an `escape:`-namespaced or dotted id).\n// Used by #extractToken to match the stream that re-renders THIS element by id.\nexport function escapeRegExp(string) {\n  return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, \"\\\\$&\")\n}\n\nif (typeof window !== \"undefined\") {\n  if (window.Turbo) registerReactiveActions()\n  else document.addEventListener(\"turbo:load\", registerReactiveActions, { once: true })\n}\n\n// --- Registration guard (issue #26 part 2) -------------------------------\n// In a `lazyLoadControllersFrom(\"controllers\", application)` app, only\n// controllers under app/javascript/controllers/ are registered. This module\n// lives outside that dir, so importing it isn't enough — `data-controller=\n// \"reactive\"` does NOTHING until the host runs application.register(\"reactive\",\n// ...). The failure is silent: components render, but no action ever fires.\n//\n// We can't warn from connect() in that case (connect never runs). Instead, once\n// the page is ready, if reactive elements exist but no controller has connected,\n// the controller wasn't registered — so we warn, pointing at the fix.\nlet reactiveConnected = false\n\nexport function checkReactiveRegistration() {\n  if (reactiveConnected) return\n  if (typeof document === \"undefined\") return\n  const els = document.querySelectorAll('[data-controller~=\"reactive\"]')\n  if (!els || els.length === 0) return\n  console.warn(\n    \"[phlex-reactive] found \" + els.length + ' element(s) with data-controller=\"reactive\" ' +\n      \"but the reactive controller never connected. It is loaded but not registered — \" +\n      'add `application.register(\"reactive\", ReactiveController)` (importmap) or import it ' +\n      \"into app/javascript/controllers/ for lazyLoadControllersFrom apps. See the README.\"\n  )\n}\n\n// Test seams (no-ops in production usage).\nexport function __resetReactiveRegistrationForTest() {\n  reactiveConnected = false\n}\nexport function __markReactiveConnectedForTest() {\n  reactiveConnected = true\n}\n\nif (typeof window !== \"undefined\" && typeof document !== \"undefined\") {\n  // Defer past initial controller connection (a microtask/tick after ready).\n  const scheduleCheck = () => setTimeout(checkReactiveRegistration, 0)\n  if (document.readyState === \"loading\") {\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", scheduleCheck, { once: true })\n  } else {\n    scheduleCheck()\n  }\n}\n\n// The interpret-time attribute-name allowlist (issue #96) — the SECOND half of\n// the two-sided default-deny. The Ruby builder already refuses these at build\n// time; this guards a hand-built / forged ops attr from bypassing it. Refused:\n// event handlers (on*, XSS), URL-bearing names (a javascript: navigation\n// surface), and style (CSS injection). Case-insensitive, mirroring js.rb.\nconst REFUSED_ATTR_URL = new Set([\"href\", \"src\", \"srcdoc\", \"action\", \"formaction\", \"xlink:href\", \"style\"])\nfunction attrRefused(name) {\n  const lower = String(name).toLowerCase()\n  return lower.startsWith(\"on\") || REFUSED_ATTR_URL.has(lower)\n}\n\n// Run an animated visibility change (issue #96 `transition:`). `flip` performs\n// the actual hidden-flag change; `[during, from, to]` are class lists applied\n// AROUND it. Cleanup (removing during+to) is awaited via `animationend` OR a\n// setTimeout fallback — whichever comes first — so an element with NO animation\n// never leaves the helper classes stuck (the op chain itself is not blocked:\n// cleanup is fire-and-forget, later ops run immediately). The fallback and the\n// listener share a one-shot `done` guard so cleanup runs exactly once.\nfunction runTransition(el, transition, flip) {\n  const [during, from, to] = transition\n  el.classList.add(during, from)\n  flip()\n  requestAnimationFrame(() => {\n    el.classList.remove(from)\n    el.classList.add(to)\n  })\n\n  let done = false\n  const cleanup = () => {\n    if (done) return\n    done = true\n    el.classList.remove(during, to)\n  }\n  el.addEventListener(\"animationend\", cleanup, { once: true })\n  // ~10% over a common 300ms transition; also the ONLY path for a non-animated\n  // element (animationend never fires there), so it must always be scheduled.\n  setTimeout(cleanup, 350)\n}\n\n// The client-op whitelist behind on_client (issue #95, extended in #96). Mirrors\n// Phlex::Reactive::JS's vocabulary; an op name not in this map is\n// warn-and-skipped by #applyOps (client-side default-deny — a stale or newer\n// ops attr must never break the page). Each op is a pure, local DOM mutation:\n// nothing is read back, nothing is sent anywhere. Frozen so nothing can be\n// registered into it at runtime — extending the vocabulary is a gem change,\n// not an app hook.\nconst CLIENT_OPS = Object.freeze({\n  show: (el, args) => setHidden(el, false, args),\n  hide: (el, args) => setHidden(el, true, args),\n  toggle: (el, args) => setHidden(el, !el.hidden, args),\n  add_class: (el, args) => el.classList.add(...(args.classes ?? [])),\n  remove_class: (el, args) => el.classList.remove(...(args.classes ?? [])),\n  toggle_class: (el, args) => (args.classes ?? []).forEach((c) => el.classList.toggle(c)),\n\n  // Attribute ops (issue #96), interpret-time allowlisted. set_attr writes the\n  // (already-stringified) value; toggle_attr adds a missing attr (value \"\") or\n  // removes a present one; remove_attr removes it. A refused name warns + skips.\n  set_attr: (el, args) => {\n    if (guardAttr(args.name)) el.setAttribute(args.name, args.value ?? \"\")\n  },\n  remove_attr: (el, args) => {\n    if (guardAttr(args.name)) el.removeAttribute(args.name)\n  },\n  toggle_attr: (el, args) => {\n    if (!guardAttr(args.name)) return\n    if (el.hasAttribute(args.name)) el.removeAttribute(args.name)\n    else el.setAttribute(args.name, \"\")\n  },\n\n  // Focus ops (issue #96). focus targets the match itself; focus_first targets\n  // its first focusable descendant (opened-menu → first menuitem).\n  focus: (el) => el.focus?.(),\n  focus_first: (el) => firstFocusable(el)?.focus?.(),\n\n  // Text op (issue #159): set textContent — XSS-safe by construction (never\n  // innerHTML), strictly less powerful than set_attr. Change-guarded like\n  // #mirrorText. With global: true it is the cross-root text escape: paint a\n  // value into a recap node OUTSIDE the component's root.\n  text: (el, args) => {\n    const text = String(args.value ?? \"\")\n    if (el.textContent !== text) el.textContent = text\n  },\n\n  // Dispatch a bubbling CustomEvent (issue #96). RAW element.dispatchEvent — the\n  // controller SHADOWS Stimulus's this.dispatch helper, so it must not be used.\n  dispatch: (el, args) => {\n    el.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(args.name, { bubbles: true, composed: true, detail: args.detail ?? {} }))\n  },\n})\n\n// Apply a hidden-flag change, optionally animated by a [during, from, to]\n// transition (issue #96). Split out so show/hide/toggle share it.\nfunction setHidden(el, hidden, args) {\n  if (args?.transition) runTransition(el, args.transition, () => (el.hidden = hidden))\n  else el.hidden = hidden\n}\n\n// The interpret-time attribute guard: refuse (warn + skip) a name off the\n// allowlist. Returns true when the op may proceed.\nfunction guardAttr(name) {\n  if (!attrRefused(name)) return true\n  console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] refused client attr op on ${JSON.stringify(name)} — skipped`)\n  return false\n}\n\n// A cross-root mirror target must be a single ID selector (issue #159) — \"#\" +\n// a CSS identifier, nothing else. The client half of the two-sided default-deny\n// (reactive_compute's `mirror:` validates the SAME shape loudly at declare\n// time): a hand-built mirror attr must not widen a declared text mirror into a\n// page-wide selector write. A refused selector warns + skips (its siblings\n// still apply), matching the attr-allowlist posture.\nconst MIRROR_ID_SELECTOR = /^#[A-Za-z_][\\w-]*$/\nfunction guardMirrorSelector(selector) {\n  if (typeof selector === \"string\" && MIRROR_ID_SELECTOR.test(selector)) return true\n  console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] refused cross-root mirror target ${JSON.stringify(selector)} — skipped`)\n  return false\n}\n\n// Evaluate a show binding's declared literal predicate (issue #161) against\n// the controlling field's current value. Exactly one of the three predicate\n// attrs decides: equals (value === literal), not (value !== literal), in\n// (value ∈ a JSON string list). The vocabulary is fixed and literal-only —\n// never an expression, so there is no eval surface (the reactive_show helper\n// enforces the same shape loudly at render; this is the client half of the\n// two-sided posture). Returns true/false for a decidable binding, or null for\n// a malformed/missing predicate — the caller SKIPS a null so a hand-built or\n// stale binding never flips visibility it doesn't understand (default-deny,\n// like the op whitelist).\nfunction showBindingMatches(el, value) {\n  const equals = el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-show-equals\")\n  if (equals !== null) return value === equals\n  const not = el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-show-not\")\n  if (not !== null) return value !== not\n  const inRaw = el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-show-in\")\n  if (inRaw !== null) {\n    try {\n      const list = JSON.parse(inRaw)\n      if (Array.isArray(list)) return list.includes(value)\n    } catch {\n      // fall through to the warn below — malformed JSON and a non-array both skip\n    }\n    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed reactive_show in: list ${JSON.stringify(inRaw)} — skipped`)\n    return null\n  }\n  // Numeric threshold predicates (issue #176 part B): gte/gt/lte/lt read the\n  // literal off its own flat attr and compare Number(value) against it. Any\n  // present numeric attr decides the binding — a non-numeric field value (NaN)\n  // is false (hidden), and a non-numeric LITERAL warn-skips (null).\n  for (const key of SHOW_NUMERIC_KEYS) {\n    const raw = el.getAttribute(`data-reactive-show-${key}`)\n    if (raw !== null) return numericPredicateMatches(key, raw, value)\n  }\n  console.warn(\"[phlex-reactive] a reactive_show binding declares no predicate — skipped\")\n  return null\n}\n\n// The numeric threshold keys (issue #176 part B) — the client half of the Ruby\n// SHOW_NUMERIC_KEYS. Order-independent; the evaluator reads the one that's\n// present. Each coerces BOTH sides to Number and compares.\nconst SHOW_NUMERIC_KEYS = [\"gte\", \"gt\", \"lte\", \"lt\"]\n\n// Evaluate one numeric threshold predicate against a field value. Returns\n// true/false for a decidable comparison, or null when the LITERAL itself is\n// non-numeric (a malformed binding — warn-skip, default-deny). A non-numeric\n// FIELD value (empty/blank/garbage) is treated as NaN → false: the\n// reveal-on-threshold notice stays hidden, the safe default. Shared by the\n// owned-binding evaluator (raw string literal off an attr) and the\n// cross-root/compound evaluator (a literal that arrived as a JSON number or\n// string).\nfunction numericPredicateMatches(key, literal, value) {\n  const rhs = Number(literal)\n  if (Number.isNaN(rhs)) {\n    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] reactive_show ${key}: needs a numeric literal, got ${JSON.stringify(literal)} — skipped`)\n    return null\n  }\n  // A blank/whitespace field value must fail closed. Number(\"\") and\n  // Number(\"   \") are 0 (NOT NaN), so a bare Number()+isNaN check would wrongly\n  // reveal a `lte:`/`lt:`/`gte: 0` binding on an EMPTY field. Force the\n  // empty/blank case to NaN so the \"blank → hidden\" contract holds for every\n  // operator, not just the ones where 0 happens to fail the comparison.\n  const trimmed = value == null ? \"\" : String(value).trim()\n  const n = trimmed === \"\" ? NaN : Number(trimmed)\n  if (Number.isNaN(n)) return false\n  switch (key) {\n    case \"gte\":\n      return n >= rhs\n    case \"gt\":\n      return n > rhs\n    case \"lte\":\n      return n <= rhs\n    case \"lt\":\n      return n < rhs\n    default:\n      return null\n  }\n}\n\n// Evaluate an ALREADY-PARSED show predicate object (issue #164) — the\n// reactive_show_targets map embeds { equals/not/in } directly in its JSON, so\n// unlike showBindingMatches there are no attrs to read or re-parse. The same\n// literal-only vocabulary; anything else (empty, unknown keys, a non-array\n// in:) returns null and the caller warn-skips that target (default-deny — a\n// hand-built map entry must never flip visibility it doesn't declare).\nfunction showPredicateMatches(pred, value) {\n  if (!pred || typeof pred !== \"object\") return null\n  if (typeof pred.equals === \"string\") return value === pred.equals\n  if (typeof pred.not === \"string\") return value !== pred.not\n  if (Array.isArray(pred.in)) return pred.in.includes(value)\n  // Numeric threshold predicates (issue #176 part B): the literal arrives as a\n  // JSON number (or a numeric string) embedded in the predicate object — one\n  // shared numericPredicateMatches with the owned-binding evaluator.\n  for (const key of SHOW_NUMERIC_KEYS) {\n    if (key in pred) return numericPredicateMatches(key, pred[key], value)\n  }\n  return null\n}\n\n// The selector matching every OWNED-element show binding: single-field\n// (data-reactive-show-field, issue #161) OR compound all:/any:\n// (data-reactive-show, issue #176). Both the connect() gate and the sync walk\n// use it so a compound-only root still enables the sync.\nconst SHOW_BINDING_SELECTOR = \"[data-reactive-show-field], [data-reactive-show]\"\n\n// Parse a compound show binding's JSON payload (issue #176 part A). Malformed\n// JSON degrades to null WITH a warn — a bad binding must never throw or blank\n// the page (client-side default-deny), but a collision (two bindings' JSON\n// mix-joined) is worth surfacing.\nfunction parseShowCompound(raw) {\n  try {\n    const parsed = JSON.parse(raw)\n    if (parsed && typeof parsed === \"object\" && !Array.isArray(parsed)) return parsed\n  } catch {\n    // fall through to the warn\n  }\n  console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed compound reactive_show payload ${JSON.stringify(raw)} — skipped`)\n  return null\n}\n\n// Evaluate one DNF TERM against a resolved field value (issue #180). A missing\n// field (null) or a malformed/unknown predicate folds to FALSE — fail-closed\n// (default-deny): a broken AND term can't pass, a broken OR term can't reveal.\nfunction dnfTermMatches(term, fieldValue) {\n  if (!term || typeof term !== \"object\" || typeof term.field !== \"string\") return false\n  // An absent owned field reads as \"\" — identical to the server evaluator\n  // (ShowConditions.match? treats a missing field as blank). This keeps the\n  // Ruby first-paint and the client live-toggle in exact agreement (the shared\n  // fixture proves it). A malformed predicate still folds to false.\n  const value = fieldValue(term.field) ?? \"\"\n  return showPredicateMatches(term, value) === true\n}\n\n// Evaluate a DNF show payload (issue #180): { any: [group, …] } where each\n// GROUP is an array of terms (terms AND within a group, groups OR). Returns\n// true/false for a decidable payload, or null for a malformed one (no groups)\n// so the caller warn-skips and leaves visibility alone. This is the ONE shape\n// the 0.10 wire emits; showPayloadMatches routes the legacy shapes here or to\n// the compatibility arm below.\nfunction anyOfAllsMatches(groups, fieldValue) {\n  if (!Array.isArray(groups) || groups.length === 0) return null\n  // groups OR; within a group, terms AND (an empty group can't decide → false).\n  return groups.some((group) => Array.isArray(group) && group.length > 0 &&\n    group.every((term) => dnfTermMatches(term, fieldValue)))\n}\n\n// Every field a DNF payload's groups reference (issue #209) — drives the\n// \"leave the target alone when NO referenced field is owned\" skip, the\n// single-field-target skip generalized. Returns null for a malformed payload\n// (no groups, or no term names a field) so the caller warn-skips instead of\n// toggling on garbage (default-deny, like every other malformed-wire arm).\nfunction dnfGroupFields(groups) {\n  if (!Array.isArray(groups) || groups.length === 0) return null\n  const fields = new Set()\n  for (const group of groups) {\n    if (!Array.isArray(group)) continue\n    for (const term of group) {\n      if (term && typeof term === \"object\" && typeof term.field === \"string\") fields.add(term.field)\n    }\n  }\n  return fields.size > 0 ? [...fields] : null\n}\n\n// Route a parsed data-reactive-show payload to the right evaluator. The 0.10\n// wire is { any: [ [term,…], … ] } (DNF — groups are ARRAYS). For a stale tab\n// still serving pre-0.10 HTML (deploy overlap), fall back to the 0.9.5 compound\n// shape { all: [term,…] } / { any: [term,…] } where the values are flat TERM\n// OBJECTS, not arrays. The nesting distinguishes them: DNF's any[0] is an Array.\n// DELETE the legacy arm in 0.11.\nfunction showPayloadMatches(payload, fieldValue) {\n  if (!payload || typeof payload !== \"object\") return null\n  const any = payload.any\n  if (Array.isArray(any) && (any.length === 0 || Array.isArray(any[0]))) {\n    return anyOfAllsMatches(any, fieldValue)\n  }\n  return legacyCompoundShowMatches(payload, fieldValue)\n}\n\n// LEGACY (0.9.5, deploy-overlap only — DELETE in 0.11): the flat all:/any:\n// compound fold, where terms are objects (not groups). Preserved so a morph of\n// stale pre-0.10 HTML doesn't go dead.\nfunction legacyCompoundShowMatches(payload, fieldValue) {\n  const connective = Array.isArray(payload.all) ? \"all\" : Array.isArray(payload.any) ? \"any\" : null\n  if (!connective) return null\n  const terms = payload[connective]\n  if (terms.length === 0) return null\n  const results = terms.map((term) => dnfTermMatches(term, fieldValue))\n  return connective === \"all\" ? results.every(Boolean) : results.some(Boolean)\n}\n\n// A cross-root show target must be a single ID selector (issue #164) — the\n// SAME shape the #159 mirror enforces (one shared regex), with its own warn so\n// a refused show target is distinguishable in the console. The client half of\n// the two-sided default-deny: reactive_show_targets raises at declare time; a\n// hand-built wire attr must not widen the escape to class/compound selectors.\n// A refused selector warns + skips — its siblings still apply.\nfunction guardShowTargetSelector(selector) {\n  if (typeof selector === \"string\" && MIRROR_ID_SELECTOR.test(selector)) return true\n  console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] refused cross-root show target ${JSON.stringify(selector)} — skipped`)\n  return false\n}\n\n// The first focusable descendant of `el`, in document order — the natural\n// keyboard target inside an opened menu/dialog. Covers the standard focusable\n// set; :not([tabindex=\"-1\"]) drops explicitly-removed nodes. Returns null when\n// nothing inside is focusable (focus_first then no-ops).\nconst FOCUSABLE = 'a[href], button:not([disabled]), input:not([disabled]), select:not([disabled]), textarea:not([disabled]), [tabindex]:not([tabindex=\"-1\"])'\nfunction firstFocusable(el) {\n  return el.querySelectorAll?.(FOCUSABLE)?.[0] ?? null\n}\n\n// Parse a [[name, args], ...] op list from a raw attr/param. An array passes\n// through; a JSON string is parsed; anything malformed degrades to [] — a bad\n// ops attr must NEVER break the page (client-side default-deny). Shared by the\n// controller's runOps and the reactive:js stream action (issue #97).\nfunction parseOps(raw) {\n  if (Array.isArray(raw)) return raw\n  if (typeof raw !== \"string\") return []\n  try {\n    const list = JSON.parse(raw)\n    return Array.isArray(list) ? list : []\n  } catch {\n    return []\n  }\n}\n\n// Interpret a [[name, args], ...] op list against the frozen CLIENT_OPS\n// whitelist (issues #95/#96/#97). `resolveTargets(args)` returns the element(s)\n// an op applies to — the controller scopes to its root (excluding nested\n// reactive roots); the reactive:js stream action scopes to its target root (or\n// the document). An unknown name warns and is SKIPPED while the rest of the\n// chain still applies — client-side default-deny, one bad op never takes down\n// its siblings. Object.hasOwn (not a bare read) so inherited Object members\n// (\"constructor\") can't masquerade as ops.\nfunction applyOps(list, resolveTargets) {\n  for (const entry of list) {\n    if (!Array.isArray(entry)) continue\n    const [name, args = {}] = entry\n    if (!Object.hasOwn(CLIENT_OPS, name)) {\n      console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] unknown client op ${JSON.stringify(name)} — skipped`)\n      continue\n    }\n    for (const el of resolveTargets(args)) CLIENT_OPS[name](el, args)\n  }\n}\n\n// Resolve a reactive:js op's targets against its `target` root (issue #97).\n// \"@root\" is the root element itself; a selector resolves WITHIN it; a bare\n// selector with no root (no `target` attr on the stream) resolves document-wide\n// — a broadcast op anchored by a global selector (#bell) rather than a\n// component. Unlike the controller path there is no nested-reactive-root\n// ownership filter: a server-pushed op names its own scope explicitly —\n// including `global: true`, which opts a single op out of the target-root\n// scope to document-wide resolution (issue #159; the same escape the builder\n// documents for the controller path).\nfunction streamOpTargets(args, root) {\n  const to = args.to\n  if (root) {\n    if (to === \"@root\") return [root]\n    if (typeof to !== \"string\" || to === \"\") return []\n    if (args.global) return [...document.querySelectorAll(to)]\n    return [...root.querySelectorAll(to)]\n  }\n  // No target root: document-scoped. \"@root\" is meaningless here (nothing to\n  // anchor to) → no-op; a selector matches document-wide.\n  if (typeof to !== \"string\" || to === \"\" || to === \"@root\") return []\n  return [...document.querySelectorAll(to)]\n}\n\n// Register this controller eagerly (not lazily) so a click immediately after\n// page load is never missed. The phlex-reactive engine auto-pins it with\n// preload: true for importmap apps; see the README for esbuild/webpack.\nexport default class extends Controller {\n  static values = {\n    token: String, // signed identity token (component + record gid/state)\n  }\n\n  #tokenCache // freshest token, threaded synchronously across queued requests\n  #debounceTimers = new Map() // trigger element -> { timer, flush } pending dispatch\n  #throttleTimers = new Map() // trigger element -> Map(action -> suppression timer)\n  #actionPathCache // page-stable action path, resolved once per controller\n  #timeoutMsCache // page-stable request timeout (ms), resolved once per controller (issue #101)\n  #tokenRegexCache // { id, token, self } — #extractToken's two per-id RegExps, rebuilt on id change (issue #118)\n  // Loading-state bookkeeping (issue #99). All keyed so overlapping enqueues\n  // refcount correctly and never clobber each other:\n  #busyPending = 0 // root aria-busy pending counter (remove only at zero)\n  #busyActions = new Map() // action -> in-flight count (root's space-separated busy set + busy_on)\n  #busyTokenCounts = new WeakMap() // element -> Map(action -> count): its data-reactive-busy token set\n  #textDisableSnapshots = new Map() // trigger -> { count, disabled, html } refcounted text/disable snapshot (issue #181)\n  // Issue #183: the `input` events recompute dispatches for its OWN output writes,\n  // marked so a re-entrant recompute on THIS root skips re-running the reducer\n  // (single-pass write set). Per-instance, so another root's events are never\n  // swallowed. WeakSet: entries drop when the short-lived Event is GC'd.\n  #computeSelfDispatched = new WeakSet()\n  // Dirty tracking (issue #103): the bound re-scan (turbo:morph-element) and the\n  // navigate-away guard handlers, held so disconnect() can remove exactly them.\n  #boundScanDirty\n  #boundBeforeUnload\n  #boundBeforeVisit\n  // Show bindings (issue #161): the ONE delegated sync handler shared by the\n  // root's input/change/turbo:morph-element listeners, held for teardown.\n  #boundSyncShow\n  // Option filtering (issue #163): the ONE delegated sync handler shared by the\n  // root's input/turbo:morph-element listeners, held for teardown.\n  #boundSyncFilter\n  // Tag-chip input (issue #203): the bound re-projection attached to\n  // turbo:morph-element (a morph rewrites the hidden field to server truth, so\n  // the chip projection must follow), held for teardown — plus the once-only\n  // missing-template warning latch.\n  #boundSyncTags\n  #tagsWarnedTemplate = false\n  // Draft nested-attribute rows (issue #208): the strictly-monotonic index\n  // counter (clock-seeded so it never collides with server-rendered 0..n\n  // indexes) plus the once-only missing-list/template warning latch.\n  #nestedIndex = 0\n  #nestedWarned = false\n  // JSON-mode nested rows (issue #208): the bound delegated input/change\n  // handler and the bound morph re-seed, held so disconnect() removes exactly\n  // them.\n  #boundSyncNestedJson\n  #boundSeedNestedJson\n  // Connect-time compute seed (issue #199): the bound re-seed attached to\n  // turbo:morph-element so an in-place morph re-runs the compute, held for teardown.\n  #boundSeedCompute\n  // Lazy initial mount (issue #165): the bound re-probe attached to\n  // turbo:morph-element so a Turbo page-refresh morph re-fires the defer fetch.\n  #boundProbeLazyDefer\n\n  // Mark that a reactive controller actually connected, so the registration\n  // guard above knows the controller was registered (issue #26 part 2).\n  connect() {\n    reactiveConnected = true\n\n    // Root-id guard (issue #48). The token round trip assumes the reactive root\n    // element's id == component.id: the server targets component.id and the client\n    // self-matches its NEXT token by this.element.id (#extractToken, issue #46).\n    // If `id:` landed on a CHILD instead of the `**reactive_attrs` root, this id is\n    // \"\" — #extractToken falls back to the FIRST token in the response (a child's),\n    // so the next action POSTs a foreign token → endpoint default-deny → silent 403.\n    // Warn NOW (on connect) so the failure surfaces on page load, not on click 2.\n    if (this.element.id === \"\") {\n      console.warn(\n        \"[phlex-reactive] a reactive root has no id; its next-action token can't self-match \" +\n          \"and may fall back to the first token in the response → a silent HTTP 403 on the NEXT action. \" +\n          \"Put id: on the SAME element as reactive_attrs — use div(**reactive_root) (emits id + token together), \" +\n          \"or div(id:, **reactive_attrs). The id: must NOT be on a child. See the README.\"\n      )\n    }\n\n    // Lazy initial mount (issue #165): a reactive_lazy shell carries its defer\n    // token as a ROOT attribute — enter the SAME module-level fetch path a\n    // reply directive uses (supersession, pending markers, error handling\n    // included). Probe on connect (a plain replace / cache restoration\n    // re-connects) AND on turbo:morph-element: a Turbo page-refresh MORPH\n    // re-shows the shell while keeping the element CONNECTED and firing no\n    // Stimulus lifecycle, so a connect-only probe would leave the morphed-in\n    // shell shimmering forever. The supersession registry makes a duplicate\n    // probe a no-op (same target id), so re-probing is safe. The attribute\n    // stays on the shell precisely so a re-appearance re-fires.\n    // Only wire the morph re-probe for a root that IS a lazy shell (carries the\n    // token) — a component that never uses reactive_lazy pays nothing (no\n    // listener), matching the dirty-tracking / show-sync gating precedent.\n    if (this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-defer-token\")) {\n      this.#probeLazyDefer()\n      this.#boundProbeLazyDefer = () => this.#probeLazyDefer()\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundProbeLazyDefer)\n    }\n\n    // Dirty tracking (issue #103) — ONLY when this root opts in (track_dirty: or a\n    // reactive_field(dirty:)), so a component that never uses it pays nothing (no\n    // baseline scan, no morph listener on every broadcast). A plain (outerHTML)\n    // replace re-connects the controller, so seed the baseline scan here — the root\n    // reflects current-vs-default WITHOUT waiting for the first input. An in-place\n    // morph / broadcast morph keeps the element CONNECTED and fires no Stimulus\n    // lifecycle, so ALSO listen for turbo:morph-element on this.element to re-scan\n    // after the morph writes fresh default* attributes (reactive:applied is NOT a\n    // valid hook — it fires when streams are handed to Turbo, BEFORE the DOM\n    // mutation). Both listeners are torn down in disconnect().\n    if (this.#dirtyTrackingEnabled()) {\n      this.#boundScanDirty = () => this.#scanDirty()\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundScanDirty)\n      this.#scanDirty()\n\n      // warn_unsaved: arm a navigate-away guard gated on a LIVE dirty-count read\n      // (never a cached snapshot — the count is re-derived from the DOM each time).\n      // beforeunload covers a real browser unload; turbo:before-visit covers a\n      // Turbo in-app navigation (it does NOT fire on restoration visits — the\n      // documented gap). Registered on window only when the marker is present.\n      if (this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-warn-unsaved\") === \"true\") {\n        this.#armUnsavedGuard()\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Show bindings (issue #161) — ONLY when this root owns one, so a component\n    // without any pays a single probe (the dirty-tracking gate precedent). ONE\n    // delegated listener pair on the root (input + change bubble from every\n    // owned field — no per-field wiring, and a reactive_compute output write\n    // dispatches a real input event, so computed values drive visibility too).\n    // The connect sync seeds the initial state — a plain replace re-connects —\n    // and turbo:morph-element re-syncs after an in-place morph (which keeps the\n    // element connected, fires no Stimulus lifecycle, and may preserve a\n    // user-edited field value the server's hidden attrs don't reflect).\n    if (this.#showSyncEnabled()) {\n      this.#boundSyncShow = () => this.#syncShow()\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncShow)\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"change\", this.#boundSyncShow)\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSyncShow)\n      this.#syncShow()\n    }\n\n    // Option filtering (issue #163) — ONLY when the root declares the binding\n    // (reactive_filter emits both attrs together), so a component without one\n    // pays two attribute reads. ONE delegated input listener on the root — the\n    // handler re-filters only for events from the NAMED input, so keystrokes in\n    // unrelated fields on a wide form never pay a filter pass. The connect sync\n    // seeds from the input's current value (a plain replace re-connects; back\n    // navigation may restore typed text), and turbo:morph-element re-applies\n    // after an in-place morph (which keeps the element connected, fires no\n    // Stimulus lifecycle, and may preserve the user's typed query while the\n    // server re-rendered every option visible).\n    if (this.#filterEnabled()) {\n      this.#boundSyncFilter = (event) => {\n        if (event?.type === \"input\" && !this.#filterInputEvent(event)) return\n        this.#syncFilter()\n      }\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncFilter)\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSyncFilter)\n      this.#syncFilter()\n    }\n\n    // Tag-chip input (issue #203) — ONLY when the root names the hidden value\n    // field (reactive_tags), so a component without one pays one attribute\n    // read. The chip list is a CLIENT PROJECTION of the hidden field's\n    // comma-joined value: connect seeds it (a plain replace re-connects with\n    // the server-rendered value), and turbo:morph-element re-projects after an\n    // in-place morph (the morph wrote server truth into the hidden field while\n    // the chips DOM kept the pre-morph projection). Registered AFTER the\n    // filter's listeners so a morph re-filters first and the tags pass then\n    // re-marks selected options on the fresh visibility state.\n    if (this.#tagsEnabled()) {\n      this.#boundSyncTags = () => this.#syncTags()\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSyncTags)\n      this.#syncTags()\n    }\n\n    // JSON-mode nested rows (issue #208) — ONLY when the root owns a list with\n    // `as: :json`, so a form without one pays a single probe (the show/filter/\n    // tags gate precedent). ONE delegated input + change listener re-serializes\n    // the rows into the hidden field on every owned edit (nestedAdd/Remove call\n    // the sync directly; this covers typing into a row's fields). The connect\n    // seed writes the initial array (a plain replace re-connects), and\n    // turbo:morph-element re-seeds after an in-place morph (which keeps the\n    // element connected, fires no Stimulus lifecycle, and may have rewritten\n    // the rows to server truth while the hidden field kept its pre-morph value).\n    if (this.#nestedJsonEnabled()) {\n      this.#boundSyncNestedJson = (event) => this.syncNestedJson(event)\n      this.#boundSeedNestedJson = () => this.#syncAllNestedJson()\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncNestedJson)\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"change\", this.#boundSyncNestedJson)\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSeedNestedJson)\n      this.#syncAllNestedJson()\n    }\n\n    // Connect-time compute seed (issue #199) — ONLY when the root carries a\n    // reactive_compute binding that opts in (data-reactive-compute-seed). A\n    // freshly-rendered compute root (a first paint, or a server validation-error\n    // re-render that replaced the body) computed NOTHING until the first user\n    // `input`; apps worked around it by dispatching a synthetic seed `input` on\n    // connect, but the compute root is a distinct Stimulus controller that may\n    // connect a frame later, so the seed raced its own wiring — the reported\n    // symptom being a PARTIAL apply (an early output paints; a later output + the\n    // mirror stay blank). Running ONE recompute() HERE — after Stimulus has fully\n    // connected the controller and wired the input->recompute delegation — runs\n    // the whole single-pass write set (issue #183) synchronously, so every\n    // declared output, text sink, and cross-root mirror paints from one reducer\n    // result. It is client-only (recompute never enqueues a round trip) and\n    // idempotent (change-guarded writes make a re-seed a no-op — an app still\n    // dispatching a synthetic input is harmless). A plain replace re-connects and\n    // re-seeds; an in-place morph keeps the element CONNECTED and fires no\n    // Stimulus lifecycle, so ALSO re-seed on turbo:morph-element (the show/filter/\n    // dirty precedent). No event is passed, so meta.changed is null — the correct\n    // \"no field edited yet\" seed semantics; a convergent reducer's default branch\n    // computes the full settled set (see compute.js CONVERGENCE REQUIREMENT).\n    if (this.#computeSeedEnabled()) {\n      this.#boundSeedCompute = () => this.recompute()\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSeedCompute)\n      this.recompute()\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Whether this root opts into dirty tracking (issue #103): track_dirty: puts the\n  // trackDirty descriptor on the ROOT's data-action; a per-field reactive_field(\n  // dirty:) puts it on a descendant field. Either turns tracking on. A quick\n  // attribute read + one scoped query, evaluated once per connect (a cold path).\n  #dirtyTrackingEnabled() {\n    if ((this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-action\") ?? \"\").includes(\"reactive#trackDirty\")) return true\n    const nodes = this.element.querySelectorAll?.('[data-action*=\"reactive#trackDirty\"]') ?? []\n    for (const el of nodes) if (this.#ownsField(el)) return true\n    return false\n  }\n\n  // Tear down any pending debounce timers when the controller leaves the DOM\n  // (Turbo morph/navigation removes the element). Otherwise a timer that hasn't\n  // fired yet would later call #enqueue on a disconnected controller — a round\n  // trip against a detached element / stale token (issue #17 follow-up).\n  // Throttle suppression timers (issue #80) are torn down the same way — a\n  // leading-edge timer holds no pending POST, but leaving it running would leak\n  // it past the element's life.\n  disconnect() {\n    this.#clearAllDebounces()\n    this.#clearAllThrottles()\n    this.#teardownDirtyTracking()\n    this.#teardownShowSync()\n    this.#teardownFilterSync()\n    this.#teardownTagsSync()\n    this.#teardownNestedJsonSync()\n    this.#teardownComputeSeed()\n    if (this.#boundProbeLazyDefer) {\n      this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundProbeLazyDefer)\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Lazy initial mount probe (issue #165): fetch the real content when THIS\n  // root is a reactive_lazy shell that still carries its defer token AND the\n  // pending marker. Gating on the pending marker is what makes a re-probe (a\n  // Turbo morph re-showing the shell) fire while a re-probe of an already\n  // RESOLVED root (real content, no token, no marker) is a no-op. The\n  // module-level supersession registry dedupes a duplicate in-flight fetch for\n  // the same id, so calling this on both connect and every morph is safe.\n  #probeLazyDefer() {\n    const el = this.element\n    if (!el?.id) return\n    const token = el.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-defer-token\")\n    if (!token) return\n    if (el.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-defer-pending\") !== \"true\") return\n    startFetchDefer(el.id, token)\n  }\n\n  // Serialize requests per component. Each round trip rewrites the signed\n  // token in the DOM (state lives in the token, not the client). If events\n  // fire faster than round trips complete, concurrent requests would all read\n  // the SAME stale token and clobber each other (last-write-wins). Chaining on\n  // a per-controller promise makes each dispatch wait for the previous one, so\n  // it always uses the freshest token.\n  dispatch(event) {\n    // `window` (renamed: never shadow the global) and `outside` are the event-\n    // modifier params (issue #80). The client decides preventDefault behavior\n    // from event.params — set by the Ruby on() — never by sniffing the\n    // Stimulus descriptor.\n    const { action, params, debounce, throttle, confirm, confirmWhen, outside, window: windowBound, optimistic } =\n      event.params\n    if (!action) return\n\n    // The pending-state hint (issue #181): data-reactive-busy-param. During a\n    // deploy overlap a page rendered by the PREVIOUS gem still emits the old\n    // data-reactive-loading-param — read it as a fallback so an in-flight page\n    // keeps its pending affordance until the next full render. The old `class:`\n    // key is remapped to add_class: so it flows through the one hint applier.\n    const busy = event.params.busy ?? this.#legacyLoadingHint(event.params.loading)\n\n    // Outside guard FIRST (issue #80): an outside: trigger only fires for\n    // events whose target is OUTSIDE this component's ROOT (containment against\n    // this.element — .contains includes the root itself). An event inside the\n    // root must be a COMPLETE no-op — before preventDefault (the page's native\n    // click behavior is untouched) and before the reactive:before-dispatch\n    // lifecycle event (nothing to announce, nothing to veto).\n    if (outside && this.element.contains(event.target)) return\n\n    // The trigger is event.currentTarget — the element on(...) was spread onto —\n    // NOT event.target (issue #99). A `<button><span>Save</span></button>` click\n    // has target === the span, which carries no params and is the wrong element\n    // to disable / swap text on. currentTarget is the bound element; fall back to\n    // target for a directly-invoked/synthetic event. Captured now because\n    // #proceed runs in a later microtask (after the confirm resolver), by which\n    // point currentTarget is reset to null.\n    const target = event.currentTarget ?? event.target\n\n    // Stop native behavior (button submit / FORM NAVIGATION) HERE, synchronously\n    // within the event dispatch — BEFORE the (possibly async) confirm gate below.\n    // preventDefault() only works while the event is still being handled; once we\n    // await the confirm resolver it's too late, and a `submit` trigger would\n    // natively POST the form and navigate before the reactive round trip runs\n    // (issue #11). For a `click` trigger there's no default to miss. This holds\n    // for debounced triggers too — the round trip is deferred, but the native\n    // default must still be prevented now. (Moved ahead of the confirm branch in\n    // issue #55: an async resolver means we can't preventDefault after awaiting.)\n    //\n    // ONLY for element-bound triggers: a window-bound trigger (window:/outside:,\n    // issue #80) hears EVERY matching event on the page — preventDefault-ing\n    // those would kill every link click while a dropdown is mounted. The page's\n    // native behavior proceeds alongside the reactive round trip.\n    //\n    // The `checked: :keep` optimistic hint (issue #98) OPTS OUT: for a click-bound\n    // checkbox/radio the unconditional preventDefault is exactly what stops the\n    // native flip from happening before the morph — so a bare checkbox click\n    // (which has no form-navigation default to lose) skips it and flips now, and\n    // the failure revert snaps it back. A `change`-bound trigger is unaffected —\n    // `change` isn't cancelable, so preventDefault was already a no-op there.\n    if (!windowBound && !this.#keepsNativeToggle(optimistic, target)) event.preventDefault()\n\n    // Resolve the EFFECTIVE confirm message (issue #179): a plain string confirm:\n    // is that string (static, #52); a Hash confirm: (confirmWhen) evaluates its\n    // condition/predicate over the collected fields and returns the message ONLY\n    // when it fires, else null → no dialog. No confirm at all → also null.\n    const message = this.#effectiveConfirmMessage(confirm, confirmWhen)\n\n    // No message → proceed straight away (unchanged fast path).\n    if (!message) return this.#proceed(target, action, params, debounce, throttle, optimistic, busy)\n\n    // Confirmation gate (issue #52, made overridable + async in #55). A reactive\n    // trigger can't use Hotwire's data-turbo-confirm — this controller preempts\n    // the event — so a `confirm:` message routes through confirmResolver (default\n    // window.confirm; an app can override it to reuse Turbo.config.forms.confirm).\n    // The resolver may be sync or async; call it INSIDE the chain (via the leading\n    // .then) so even a SYNCHRONOUS override throw rejects this promise instead of\n    // escaping dispatch — a throwing dialog is treated as a cancel, like the user\n    // dismissing it. The .catch is scoped to the resolver step (→ false = cancel),\n    // so a dismissed/erroring dialog never surfaces as an unhandled rejection AND a\n    // genuine bug inside #proceed is NOT silently swallowed. Enqueue ONLY on a\n    // truthy resolution — nothing is enqueued, no timer scheduled, otherwise.\n    // The resolver's optional 2nd arg (issue #222) carries the trigger element,\n    // so an override has the same ctx shape here as on nestedRemove ({ el, … }).\n    Promise.resolve()\n      .then(() => confirmResolver(message, { el: target }))\n      .catch(() => false)\n      .then((ok) => {\n        if (ok) this.#proceed(target, action, params, debounce, throttle, optimistic, busy)\n      })\n  }\n\n  // CLIENT-ONLY trigger entry point (issue #95) — the zero-round-trip sibling\n  // of dispatch(). Wired by on_client: applies the declared op chain\n  // (data-reactive-ops-param, built by Phlex::Reactive::JS) locally. NO token,\n  // NO params, NO fetch, ever. Ops are ephemeral UI: any server re-render of\n  // the component resets whatever they toggled (by design — a signed action\n  // owns state that must survive re-renders).\n  runOps(event) {\n    const { ops, confirm, confirmWhen, outside, window: windowBound } = event.params\n    // The trigger element on_client was spread onto (issue #222 ctx: { el }),\n    // captured now — currentTarget resets before the confirm resolver's microtask.\n    const trigger = event.currentTarget ?? event.target\n\n    // Outside guard FIRST — identical semantics to dispatch() (issue #80): an\n    // outside: trigger is a COMPLETE no-op for events inside this root, before\n    // preventDefault and before any op runs.\n    if (outside && this.element.contains(event.target)) return\n\n    // Element-bound triggers preventDefault (a bare button inside a <form>\n    // must not submit it); window-bound triggers (window:/outside:) never do —\n    // they hear every matching event on the page, and preventDefault-ing those\n    // would kill native clicks site-wide (issue #80 rationale). Runs BEFORE the\n    // (possibly async) confirm gate below — a native default can't wait for a\n    // pending dialog (same ordering as dispatch()).\n    if (!windowBound) event.preventDefault()\n\n    // Resolve the effective confirm message — static string, or the conditional\n    // Hash form (issue #179) evaluated over collected fields. Null → no dialog.\n    const message = this.#effectiveConfirmMessage(confirm, confirmWhen)\n\n    // No message → apply straight away (unchanged fast path, no prompt).\n    if (!message) return this.#applyOps(this.#parseOps(ops))\n\n    // Confirmation gate for client ops (issue #178) — the SAME confirmResolver\n    // gate on(:action, confirm:) uses (issues #52/#55), reused verbatim so a\n    // themed dialog set with setConfirmResolver covers BOTH paths. A destructive\n    // client op (clear a draft, reset a form) gets the one-line themed confirm\n    // without a round trip. Call the resolver INSIDE the chain (leading .then)\n    // so even a SYNCHRONOUS override throw rejects here instead of escaping\n    // runOps — a throwing dialog is a cancel, like dismissing it. The gate is\n    // here (the user gesture), NOT in #applyOps: that applier is shared with the\n    // server-pushed reactive:js stream action, which must NEVER prompt.\n    Promise.resolve()\n      .then(() => confirmResolver(message, { el: trigger }))\n      .catch(() => false)\n      .then((ok) => {\n        if (ok) this.#applyOps(this.#parseOps(ops))\n      })\n  }\n\n  // Dirty tracking (issue #103). Wired by reactive_field(dirty: true) /\n  // reactive_root(track_dirty: true): an `input` on an owned field runs a FULL\n  // re-scan of every field this root owns. NO round trip, NO shipped state — the\n  // baseline is the DOM's own defaultValue/defaultChecked/defaultSelected (the\n  // last server render). A full pass (not a per-target toggle) is essential for\n  // radio groups: the deselected radio flips to checked=false and fires no input\n  // event, so only re-scanning everything keeps its flag honest.\n  trackDirty() {\n    this.#scanDirty()\n  }\n\n  // Client-side compute (data binding). Wired by reactive_compute: an `input`\n  // trigger (input->reactive#recompute) runs a REGISTERED JS reducer over the\n  // named input fields and writes the named output fields WITH NO ROUND TRIP —\n  // the \"instant\" half of the new/unpersisted-record UX. If the field ALSO\n  // carries on(...) (a persisted record, or a synced draft), that debounced POST\n  // still fires and the server reply reconciles; recompute just paints first.\n  //\n  // Reads inputs/outputs/reducer from the root's data-reactive-compute-* attrs\n  // (set once by reactive_compute_attrs). A missing/unregistered reducer is a\n  // no-op — a page must never break because a binding wasn't wired up.\n  //\n  // The reducer gets a second argument, meta = { changed } (issue #75): the\n  // name of the declared input the triggering event edited, or null for a\n  // direct call / an unowned or undeclared target. A multi-way rebalance\n  // branches on it (edit c → derive a; else → derive c). Note that a #76\n  // output write dispatches a real input event, so recompute RE-ENTERS with\n  // changed = that output's name — the reducer must be convergent (see\n  // compute.js) so the change guard settles the chain.\n  recompute(event) {\n    // Issue #183 — single-pass write set: an `input` event this method dispatched\n    // for its OWN output writes is self-marked. Re-running the reducer on it would\n    // re-enter from a partially-written DOM (the old mid-loop-dispatch corruption\n    // class). Skip the reducer for our own event — but ONLY ours: the marker lives\n    // in a per-instance WeakSet, so a genuinely different root's compute event (or\n    // a real user edit) is never swallowed. The event still bubbled and fired every\n    // OTHER listener (dirty tracking, show bindings, sibling roots) before reaching\n    // here; we simply don't recompute a second time from our own write.\n    if (event && this.#computeSelfDispatched.has(event)) return\n\n    // Inputs may be a JSON ARRAY of names (array form — every input coerced\n    // through Number, the shipped behavior) or a JSON OBJECT of name→type (hash\n    // form, issue #104 — :number coerced, :string read raw). #parseComputeInputs\n    // returns [name, type] pairs either way (array form defaults type \"number\").\n    const inputPairs = this.#parseComputeInputs()\n    const inputs = inputPairs.map(([name]) => name)\n\n    // Resolve every declared input AND output through ONE per-call resolver whose\n    // ownership probe is computed ONCE (issue #117), replacing the per-name\n    // closest() walk #ownedField did on every read — a 30-field calculator paid\n    // ~60 closest() sweeps per keystroke. #ownershipFilter returns a constant-true\n    // predicate in the common no-nested-root case (skipping closest() entirely)\n    // and the exact #ownsField check when a nested reactive root is present\n    // (issue #15 scoping, byte-identical to before). Resolution is memoized in a\n    // per-CALL Map, FIRST-WINS, so a name read as an input AND written as an\n    // output resolves to the SAME element and is queried once.\n    //\n    // Why per-name `[name=\"X\"]` queries and not one bare `[name]` sweep: a single\n    // sweep is the natural \"one walk\", but the resolver must issue the SAME\n    // per-name query shape the field walk always has (the issue-#15 unit fakes\n    // answer only `[name=\"X\"]`). It is O(distinct declared names) queries, not the\n    // old O(inputs + outputs) — the ownership decision is hoisted out of the loop.\n    // The memo is per-CALL only: an output write dispatches `input` (issue #76),\n    // re-entering recompute, which correctly rebuilds a fresh map (a morph may\n    // have replaced the nodes) — it is NEVER stored on the instance.\n    // Scope (issue #183, mirroring #showFieldValue): a bare compute name `cash`\n    // under `data-reactive-scope=\"order\"` resolves as `[name=\"order[cash]\"]`. A\n    // name already carrying a bracket (a raw wire name the author passed) is used\n    // verbatim — so bracketed literals pass through unscoped.\n    const scope = this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-scope\") || null\n    const scoped = (name) => (scope && !name.includes(\"[\") ? `${scope}[${name}]` : name)\n\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    const byName = new Map()\n    const ownedField = (name) => {\n      if (byName.has(name)) return byName.get(name)\n      let found = null\n      for (const el of this.element.querySelectorAll(`[name=\"${scoped(name)}\"]`)) {\n        if (owns(el)) {\n          found = el // FIRST-WINS (radio groups, Rails hidden+checkbox name pairs)\n          break\n        }\n      }\n      byName.set(name, found)\n      return found\n    }\n\n    // Identity-mirror pass (issue #104), ALWAYS run — even with NO registered\n    // reducer, so reactive_text(:title) mirrors a field into its text node with\n    // zero reducer wiring. Each declared input's RAW string value is written to\n    // its owned [data-reactive-text=\"<name>\"] node(s). It runs BEFORE the reducer\n    // early-return below so a reducer-less binding still mirrors.\n    for (const name of inputs) this.#mirrorText(name, ownedField(name)?.value ?? \"\")\n\n    const key = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-compute-reducer-param\")\n    const reduce = key ? computeReducer(key) : null\n    if (!reduce) {\n      // No reducer registered: the identity pass above still ran, so declared\n      // cross-root mirrors of the INPUT names still paint (issue #159) — a\n      // reducer-less binding mirrors, exactly like the owned-text-node case.\n      this.#applyComputeMirrors({}, ownedField)\n      return\n    }\n\n    const outputs = this.#parseComputeList(\"data-reactive-compute-outputs-param\")\n\n    // Coerce each input per its declared type (issue #104): \"string\" → the raw\n    // display string (blank/absent → \"\"); else (\"number\", the array-form default)\n    // → the numeric coercion (blank/NaN → 0, the nanToZero the hand-written\n    // calculators use). Reads from the memoized resolver — no re-query.\n    const values = {}\n    for (const [name, type] of inputPairs) {\n      const field = ownedField(name)\n      if (type === \"string\") {\n        values[name] = field?.value ?? \"\"\n      } else {\n        const n = Number(field?.value)\n        values[name] = Number.isFinite(n) ? n : 0\n      }\n    }\n\n    // meta.changed stays on #changedComputeField (its own #ownsField check over\n    // the raw event target) — NOT this resolver. The issue-#15 nested-rejection\n    // test depends on that path being unchanged. ONE run, from the ONE pre-write\n    // snapshot above (issue #183): its result drives the whole single-pass write.\n    const result = reduce(values, { changed: this.#changedComputeField(event, inputs, scope) }) || {}\n\n    // Issue #183 — SINGLE-PASS WRITE SET. Three ordered phases, so declared output\n    // order stops being semantics and a wrong order can no longer corrupt values:\n    //\n    //   1. BATCH the field writes from the ONE result. Each output name in the\n    //      allowlist (outputs:) whose owned field's value actually changes is\n    //      written now (change-guarded) and remembered — but NO `input` event is\n    //      dispatched yet, so nothing re-enters mid-batch.\n    //   2. PAINT the sinks from the SETTLED values: any owned reactive_text node by\n    //      presence (issue #183 change #4 — a text node no longer needs its name in\n    //      outputs:), then the cross-root mirror: ids (issue #159).\n    //   3. DISPATCH a self-marked `input` on each changed field. The marker (a\n    //      per-instance WeakSet) makes recompute skip re-running the reducer for our\n    //      own write, while the event still fires every OTHER listener (chained\n    //      repaint, dirty tracking, show bindings, sibling roots).\n    const changedFields = []\n    for (const name of outputs) {\n      if (!(name in result)) continue\n      const field = ownedField(name)\n      if (!field) continue // a non-field output paints as a text sink in phase 2\n      if (String(result[name]) === field.value) continue // change-guard — unchanged, skip\n      field.value = result[name]\n      changedFields.push(field)\n    }\n\n    // Phase 2 — text sinks declare themselves (issue #183 change #4): every result\n    // key paints into any owned [data-reactive-text=\"<name>\"] node by PRESENCE,\n    // regardless of outputs: membership. Runs from settled field values. A null/\n    // undefined result value is SKIPPED (never stringified to \"null\"/\"undefined\") —\n    // the same \"no value this pass, don't paint\" filter #applyComputeMirrors uses.\n    for (const name of Object.keys(result)) {\n      const value = result[name]\n      if (value === undefined || value === null) continue\n      this.#mirrorText(name, value)\n    }\n\n    // Cross-root text mirrors (issue #159) — AFTER the batch + text sinks, so a\n    // mirror keyed on a just-written output paints the settled value.\n    this.#applyComputeMirrors(result, ownedField)\n\n    // Phase 3 — dispatch the deferred `input` events (issue #183). Real browsers\n    // do NOT fire `input` on a programmatic .value write (issue #76), so we do it\n    // ourselves, matching the server's set_value + dispatch(\"input\") contract.\n    // Each event is SELF-MARKED so our own re-entry skips the reducer (guard at the\n    // top of recompute) — but the event still bubbles and fires every other\n    // listener. Dispatched AFTER all writes + paints, so a chained listener reads\n    // SETTLED values, never a half-written DOM.\n    for (const field of changedFields) {\n      const inputEvent = new Event(\"input\", { bubbles: true })\n      this.#computeSelfDispatched.add(inputEvent)\n      field.dispatchEvent(inputEvent)\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Client-side list navigation (combobox keyboard nav, issue #72). Wired by\n  // on(:search, …, listnav: \"[role=option]\"), which appends keyboard filters to\n  // the input's data-action (keydown.down/up/enter/esc->reactive#listnav*) and\n  // sets data-reactive-listnav-option-param. Arrow keys move a highlight among\n  // the options WITH NO ROUND TRIP; Enter picks the highlighted option by\n  // CLICKING IT (so its own on(:select) reactive trigger fires — selection stays\n  // a signed action); Escape clears. Ephemeral highlight state lives on the DOM\n  // (data-reactive-highlighted), never shipped to the client as trusted state.\n  listnavNext(event) {\n    this.#moveHighlight(event, +1)\n  }\n\n  listnavPrev(event) {\n    this.#moveHighlight(event, -1)\n  }\n\n  // Enter: activate the highlighted option (fires its reactive select). No-op if\n  // nothing is highlighted, and in that case DON'T preventDefault — Enter falls\n  // through (there's no selection to make).\n  listnavPick(event) {\n    const options = this.#listnavOptions(event)\n    const current = options.findIndex((el) => el.hasAttribute(\"data-reactive-highlighted\"))\n    if (current < 0) return\n    event.preventDefault()\n    options[current].click()\n  }\n\n  listnavClose(event) {\n    for (const el of this.#listnavOptions(event)) el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-highlighted\")\n  }\n\n  // Move the highlight by `step` (with wrap-around) among THIS root's options.\n  // preventDefault stops Arrow keys from moving the caret in the search input.\n  #moveHighlight(event, step) {\n    const options = this.#listnavOptions(event)\n    if (!options.length) return\n    event.preventDefault()\n\n    const current = options.findIndex((el) => el.hasAttribute(\"data-reactive-highlighted\"))\n    // From nothing: Down highlights the first option, Up the last.\n    const next = current < 0 ? (step > 0 ? 0 : options.length - 1) : (current + step + options.length) % options.length\n\n    for (const el of options) el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-highlighted\")\n    const chosen = options[next]\n    chosen.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-highlighted\", \"true\")\n    chosen.scrollIntoView?.({ block: \"nearest\" })\n  }\n\n  // The option elements this root owns (skips nested reactive roots, issue #15),\n  // per the selector on data-reactive-listnav-option-param. The attr rides on the\n  // TRIGGER element (the search input on(...) is spread onto), read from the\n  // event; the options are still scoped to this controller's root. Empty when\n  // unset. Falls back to the root for a directly-invoked call (unit tests). The\n  // ownership predicate is hoisted ONCE per keypress (issue #117) — in the common\n  // no-nested-root case it is a constant true, skipping a closest() walk per\n  // option. Hidden options are excluded (issue #163): a reactive_filter (or any\n  // `hidden` toggle) removes a row from the keyboard path too, so an Arrow can't\n  // highlight — and Enter can't pick — an invisible option.\n  #listnavOptions(event) {\n    const trigger = event?.currentTarget ?? event?.target ?? this.element\n    const selector =\n      trigger.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-listnav-option-param\") ??\n      this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-listnav-option-param\")\n    if (!selector) return []\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    return Array.from(this.element.querySelectorAll(selector)).filter((el) => !el.hidden && owns(el))\n  }\n\n  // Tag-chip input (issue #203) — the composed combobox/tags primitive. The\n  // root's data-reactive-tags-field names the hidden input that stores the\n  // COMMA-JOINED value; these three actions are its only writers. All of it is\n  // FORM state (like text in an input) — no token, no POST: the surrounding\n  // form submit carries the joined value. The chip list is re-projected from\n  // the field on every write (#syncTags), so the field stays the single source\n  // of truth.\n  //\n  // Enter on the query input: add the TYPED text — unless this Enter belongs\n  // to listnav (reactive_tags_add composes after reactive_listnav on the same\n  // keydown.enter). Two guards make the composition order-independent:\n  // defaultPrevented means listnavPick ALREADY picked the highlighted option\n  // (adding the typed text too would double-add); a still-visible highlighted\n  // option means listnavPick is ABOUT to pick it (when tagsAdd is bound\n  // first). Past the guards, Enter is OURS — preventDefault unconditionally so\n  // it can never submit the enclosing form (blank input included). A\n  // comma-separated paste splits into individual tags (the value is\n  // comma-joined, so a comma can never be part of one tag). The input clears\n  // only when something was actually added — a duplicate keeps the typed text\n  // for correction.\n  tagsAdd(event) {\n    if (!this.#tagsEnabled()) return\n    if (event?.defaultPrevented) return\n    if (this.#listnavOptions(event).some((el) => el.hasAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-highlighted\"))) return\n    event?.preventDefault?.()\n\n    const input = event?.currentTarget ?? event?.target\n    if (!input) return\n    const added = this.#tagsAddValues(String(input.value ?? \"\").split(\",\"))\n    if (!added) return\n    input.value = \"\"\n    if (this.#filterEnabled()) this.#syncFilter()\n  }\n\n  // Click (or listnav Enter, which CLICKS the highlighted option) on a\n  // preloaded option: add its DECLARED tag (data-reactive-tag-param — set by\n  // reactive_tags_option, never free text). After a successful add, reset the\n  // query so the next tag starts from the full list: clear the filter input,\n  // re-narrow, and hand focus back for continued typing.\n  tagsPick(event) {\n    if (!this.#tagsEnabled()) return\n    event?.preventDefault?.()\n\n    const trigger = event?.currentTarget ?? event?.target\n    const tag = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tag-param\")\n    if (!tag) return\n    if (!this.#tagsAddValues([tag])) return\n\n    const input = this.#tagsQueryInput()\n    if (!input) return\n    input.value = \"\"\n    this.#syncFilter()\n    input.focus?.()\n  }\n\n  // Click on a chip's remove button: drop its tag (case-insensitive match, the\n  // dedupe convention) from the hidden value. The re-projection removes the\n  // chip and resurfaces the option. Removing an absent tag is a no-op.\n  tagsRemove(event) {\n    if (!this.#tagsEnabled()) return\n    event?.preventDefault?.()\n\n    const trigger = event?.currentTarget ?? event?.target\n    const tag = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tag-param\")\n    if (!tag) return\n    const field = this.#tagsField()\n    if (!field) return\n\n    const tags = this.#tagsRead(field)\n    const next = tags.filter((t) => t.toLowerCase() !== tag.toLowerCase())\n    if (next.length === tags.length) return\n    this.#tagsWrite(field, next)\n  }\n\n  // Draft nested-attribute rows (issue #208) — the \"new parent + child rows\"\n  // window. The rows are FORM state (the reactive_tags posture): no token, no\n  // POST, ever — the surrounding REAL form submit carries Rails'\n  // accepts_nested_attributes_for names and the server reconciles parent +\n  // rows in ONE create. Add clones the association's server-owned\n  // <template data-reactive-nested-template=\"assoc\"> row, swaps every NEW_ROW\n  // in the clone's name/id/for for a fresh unique index (each row posts as its\n  // own `…_attributes[<index>][field]` group), appends it to the owned\n  // [data-reactive-nested-list=\"assoc\"] container, and focuses the new row's\n  // first field. Several collections can share one root — everything is keyed\n  // by the association name the trigger carries.\n  nestedAdd(event) {\n    event?.preventDefault?.()\n    const trigger = event?.currentTarget ?? event?.target\n    const assoc = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-association-param\")\n    if (!assoc) return\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    const list = [...this.element.querySelectorAll(`[data-reactive-nested-list=\"${assoc}\"]`)].find(owns)\n    const template = [...this.element.querySelectorAll(`[data-reactive-nested-template=\"${assoc}\"]`)].find(owns)\n    const proto = template?.content?.firstElementChild\n    if (!list || !proto) {\n      this.#warnNestedOnce(assoc)\n      return\n    }\n\n    const row = proto.cloneNode(true)\n    this.#renumberNestedRow(row, this.#nextNestedIndex())\n    list.appendChild(row)\n\n    // Fill-then-add (issue #208 Scenario A): seed the cloned row from named\n    // source controls OUTSIDE the row, then (optionally) clear the sources.\n    // Runs AFTER renumber+append so a seeded field's name already carries its\n    // final `[<index>][field]` form — the key match agrees with what JSON mode\n    // reads. `seeded` is the FIRST source we cleared/read, so fill-then-add can\n    // return focus to the sources instead of stealing it into the new row.\n    const fromJson = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-nested-from-param\")\n    const clear = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-nested-clear-param\") === \"true\"\n    const firstSource = this.#seedNestedRow(row, fromJson, clear)\n\n    // Focus: inline-edit (no from:) focuses the new row's first field so you\n    // type INTO it; fill-then-add keeps focus on the sources (the first one) so\n    // you keep entering the next item — stealing focus would break that loop.\n    if (fromJson) firstSource?.focus?.()\n    else [...(row.querySelectorAll?.(\"input, select, textarea\") ?? [])][0]?.focus?.()\n\n    // JSON mode (issue #208): a freshly-added row must land in the hidden field\n    // immediately (seeded values included), so the serialized array reflects the\n    // DOM even before the first keystroke. A no-op when not `as: :json`.\n    if (list.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-nested-json\") === assoc) this.#syncNestedJson(assoc)\n  }\n\n  // Fill-then-add (issue #208): copy each source control's value into the\n  // matching cloned-row field, keyed by the trailing bracket segment of the\n  // field's name (#nestedJsonKey — the SAME inference JSON mode uses, so the\n  // two features can't drift). Sources resolve root-scoped and owned (#15); an\n  // unresolved source or an unmatched key is silently skipped (the row still\n  // adds — a half-mapped binding must never throw on click). Returns the FIRST\n  // source control read (for focus), or null. With `clear`, resets every source\n  // it read via the set-value + dispatch contract (#183) so dirty/show/compute\n  // observe the reset.\n  #seedNestedRow(row, fromJson, clear) {\n    if (!fromJson) return null\n    let map\n    try {\n      map = JSON.parse(fromJson)\n    } catch {\n      return null\n    }\n    if (!map || typeof map !== \"object\") return null\n\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    const rowFields = [...(row.querySelectorAll?.(\"input, select, textarea\") ?? [])]\n    const sources = []\n    for (const [key, selector] of Object.entries(map)) {\n      const source = [...(this.element.querySelectorAll?.(selector) ?? [])].find(owns)\n      if (!source) continue\n      const target = rowFields.find((field) => this.#nestedJsonKey(field.getAttribute?.(\"name\")) === key)\n      if (!target) continue\n      this.#seedNestedField(target, source)\n      sources.push(source)\n    }\n    if (clear) for (const source of sources) this.#clearNestedSource(source)\n    return sources[0] ?? null\n  }\n\n  // Copy a source control's value into a cloned-row field, then dispatch a\n  // bubbling `input` (the set-value + dispatch contract, #183). Checkbox ↔\n  // checkbox copies the checked state; every other target takes the source's\n  // submit-shaped value (#nestedFieldValue), so a checkbox source feeding a\n  // text field lands \"on\"/\"\" exactly as a submit would.\n  #seedNestedField(target, source) {\n    if (target.type === \"checkbox\") {\n      target.checked = source.type === \"checkbox\" ? !!source.checked : this.#nestedFieldValue(source) !== \"\"\n    } else {\n      target.value = this.#nestedFieldValue(source)\n    }\n    if (typeof target.dispatchEvent === \"function\") {\n      target.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"input\", { bubbles: true }))\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Reset a source control after a fill-then-add (issue #208), dispatching a\n  // bubbling `input` so dirty tracking / reactive_show / compute see the reset.\n  #clearNestedSource(source) {\n    if (source.type === \"checkbox\") source.checked = false\n    else source.value = \"\"\n    if (typeof source.dispatchEvent === \"function\") {\n      source.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"input\", { bubbles: true }))\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Remove the trigger's closest row wrapper. A DRAFT row (no [_destroy]\n  // input) leaves the DOM — it was never persisted, so removing its fields IS\n  // the removal. A PERSISTED row (an edit form rendered a hidden [_destroy]\n  // input via nested_field_name) is marked \"1\" and hidden instead — Rails\n  // destroys it on save. The mark dispatches a real bubbling `input` (the\n  // set-value + dispatch contract, issue #183) so dirty tracking/compute see it.\n  nestedRemove(event) {\n    event?.preventDefault?.()\n    const trigger = event?.currentTarget ?? event?.target\n    const row = trigger?.closest?.(\"[data-reactive-nested-row]\")\n    if (!row) return\n    // The closest() walk must not escape this root — a root can itself sit\n    // inside ANOTHER collection's row (the issue #15 closest-form posture).\n    if (row.closest?.('[data-controller~=\"reactive\"]') !== this.element) return\n\n    // Confirm gate (issue #218): reactive_nested_remove(confirm:) emits the SAME\n    // data-reactive-confirm[-when]-param the other triggers do (nestedRemove reads\n    // params via getAttribute, not event.params, so pull them off the trigger),\n    // routed through the SAME #effectiveConfirmMessage + confirmResolver seam. A\n    // static string always shows; a conditional Hash fires only when it matches,\n    // else null. No confirm attr → null → the immediate-remove fast path.\n    const confirm = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-confirm-param\")\n    const confirmWhen = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-confirm-when-param\")\n    const rawMessage = this.#effectiveConfirmMessage(confirm, confirmWhen)\n    if (!rawMessage) return this.#removeNestedRow(row)\n\n    // Per-row confirm interpolation (issue #222). A row added client-side is a\n    // cloneNode of the <template>, and the clone carries the TEMPLATE's confirm\n    // string verbatim — the renumber/seed steps never rewrite the confirm attr.\n    // So resolve %{field} placeholders here, from THIS row's live field values\n    // (read now, not at clone time, so a later edit is reflected). An unresolved\n    // key is left as its literal %{key} (debuggable, never throws). Server-\n    // rendered rows already interpolate server-side, so their finished strings\n    // carry no %{}; this is a no-op for them.\n    const fields = this.#nestedRowObject(row)\n    const message = this.#interpolateConfirm(rawMessage, fields)\n\n    // Gate through the overridable confirmResolver (issues #52/#55/#178) — a\n    // themed dialog set with setConfirmResolver covers this trigger too. Pass the\n    // row context (issue #222, superset of proposal 3) as an optional 2nd arg so\n    // a power-user override can build the string itself; the message is already\n    // interpolated for the default window.confirm path. Call the resolver INSIDE\n    // the chain so even a SYNCHRONOUS override throw is a cancel (like a dismissed\n    // dialog), and remove ONLY on a truthy resolution.\n    return Promise.resolve()\n      .then(() => confirmResolver(message, { el: trigger, row, fields }))\n      .catch(() => false)\n      .then((ok) => {\n        if (ok) this.#removeNestedRow(row)\n      })\n  }\n\n  // Resolve %{field} placeholders in a confirm message from a row's field map\n  // (issue #222). Ruby-style %{name} tokens; an unresolved key is left verbatim\n  // (a visible, debuggable placeholder — never an empty hole or a throw). A\n  // message with no placeholders returns unchanged, so this is inert for every\n  // server-rendered (already-interpolated) confirm string.\n  #interpolateConfirm(message, fields) {\n    if (!message.includes(\"%{\")) return message\n    return message.replace(/%\\{(\\w+)\\}/g, (whole, key) =>\n      Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(fields, key) ? fields[key] : whole,\n    )\n  }\n\n  // The remove itself, shared by the confirmed and no-confirm paths. Draft rows\n  // leave the DOM; a persisted row (a hidden [_destroy] input present) is marked\n  // \"1\" + hidden instead (set-value + dispatch contract, #183), so Rails destroys\n  // it on save. Then re-sync every owned JSON-mode list (#208) — an absent row\n  // IS the removal; a form without a JSON list iterates an empty set and exits.\n  #removeNestedRow(row) {\n    const destroy = [...(row.querySelectorAll?.('input[name$=\"[_destroy]\"]') ?? [])][0]\n    if (destroy) {\n      destroy.value = \"1\"\n      if (typeof destroy.dispatchEvent === \"function\") {\n        destroy.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"input\", { bubbles: true }))\n      }\n      row.hidden = true\n    } else {\n      row.parentNode?.removeChild?.(row)\n    }\n\n    this.#syncAllNestedJson()\n  }\n\n  // JSON-mode nested rows (issue #208) — the delegated input/change handler.\n  // An app whose controller parses a serialized JSON param instead of Rails'\n  // accepts_nested_attributes_for opts a list into `as: :json`; the client\n  // then mirrors that list's rows into ONE hidden field as a JSON array on\n  // every owned edit. Public so Stimulus can bind it; a no-op unless the\n  // edited field belongs to a JSON-mode list this root owns.\n  syncNestedJson(event) {\n    const target = event?.target\n    if (!target || !this.#ownsField(target)) return\n    // Re-serialize every JSON-mode list (an edit could touch any of them; the\n    // per-list owned-row scan is cheap and keeps this handler association-free).\n    this.#syncAllNestedJson()\n  }\n\n  // Serialize every owned JSON-mode list into its hidden field. The connect\n  // seed and the input/remove re-syncs funnel through here so one place owns\n  // the \"DOM rows → JSON field\" projection.\n  #syncAllNestedJson() {\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    for (const list of [...this.element.querySelectorAll(\"[data-reactive-nested-json]\")].filter(owns)) {\n      this.#syncNestedJson(list.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-nested-json\"))\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Project ONE JSON-mode list's surviving rows into its hidden field. Each\n  // row becomes an object keyed by the trailing bracket segment of its inputs'\n  // names (…[title] → \"title\"); a hidden/_destroy-marked row is skipped (an\n  // absent row IS the removal — JSON carries no destroy marker). The write\n  // uses the set-value + dispatch contract (issue #183) so dirty tracking,\n  // reactive_show, and compute see the change — but only when the value\n  // actually changed, so a connect seed on an already-correct field is silent.\n  #syncNestedJson(assoc) {\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    const list = [...this.element.querySelectorAll(`[data-reactive-nested-list=\"${assoc}\"]`)].find(owns)\n    if (!list) return\n    const field = this.#nestedJsonField(list)\n    if (!field) return\n\n    const rows = []\n    for (const row of [...(list.querySelectorAll?.(\"[data-reactive-nested-row]\") ?? [])]) {\n      if (!owns(row) || row.hidden) continue\n      rows.push(this.#nestedRowObject(row))\n    }\n\n    const next = JSON.stringify(rows)\n    if (field.value === next) return\n    field.value = next\n    if (typeof field.dispatchEvent === \"function\") {\n      field.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"input\", { bubbles: true }))\n    }\n  }\n\n  // The hidden field a JSON-mode list mirrors into — resolved fresh (a morph\n  // replaces nodes, never cache it) and OWNED by this root (#15). null when\n  // the selector resolves nothing, so the caller no-ops (a half-built binding\n  // must never break the page).\n  #nestedJsonField(list) {\n    const selector = list.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-nested-json-field\")\n    if (!selector) return null\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    return [...this.element.querySelectorAll(selector)].find(owns) ?? null\n  }\n\n  // One row → { key: value } over its named form controls. The JSON key is the\n  // trailing bracket segment of each control's name (order[todos_attributes]\n  // [3][title] → \"title\"; a bare `title` → \"title\"), the \"infer from input\n  // names\" contract. The [_destroy] control is dropped (JSON has no destroy\n  // marker). Later inputs with the same key win (last-wins, the DOM order).\n  #nestedRowObject(row) {\n    const obj = {}\n    for (const el of [...(row.querySelectorAll?.(\"input, select, textarea\") ?? [])]) {\n      const key = this.#nestedJsonKey(el.getAttribute?.(\"name\"))\n      if (key === null || key === \"_destroy\") continue\n      obj[key] = this.#nestedFieldValue(el)\n    }\n    return obj\n  }\n\n  // The trailing bracket segment of a field name (the inferred JSON key), or\n  // the bare name when it carries no brackets. null for a nameless control\n  // (a bare button, an unnamed helper input) — skipped by the caller.\n  #nestedJsonKey(name) {\n    if (!name) return null\n    const match = name.match(/\\[([^\\][]+)\\]$/)\n    return match ? match[1] : name\n  }\n\n  // A form control's submitted value: an unchecked checkbox contributes \"\" (it\n  // wouldn't post at all), a checked one its value (default \"on\"); everything\n  // else its .value. Keeps the JSON shape close to what a real form submit\n  // would carry for the same control.\n  #nestedFieldValue(el) {\n    if (el.type === \"checkbox\") return el.checked ? (el.value || \"on\") : \"\"\n    return el.value ?? \"\"\n  }\n\n  // Parse a JSON string list from a root data attr; [] on absence/parse error so\n  // a malformed binding degrades to \"no fields\" rather than throwing on input.\n  #parseComputeList(attr) {\n    const raw = this.element.getAttribute(attr)\n    if (!raw) return []\n    try {\n      const list = JSON.parse(raw)\n      return Array.isArray(list) ? list : []\n    } catch {\n      return []\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Parse the inputs param into [name, type] pairs (issue #104). The wire is a\n  // JSON ARRAY of names (array form → every input typed \"number\", the shipped\n  // numeric coercion) OR a JSON OBJECT of name→type (hash form → \":string\" read\n  // raw, \":number\" coerced). Malformed/absent degrades to [] — a bad binding\n  // must never throw on input.\n  #parseComputeInputs() {\n    const raw = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-compute-inputs-param\")\n    if (!raw) return []\n    try {\n      const parsed = JSON.parse(raw)\n      if (Array.isArray(parsed)) return parsed.map((name) => [name, \"number\"])\n      if (parsed && typeof parsed === \"object\") return Object.entries(parsed)\n      return []\n    } catch {\n      return []\n    }\n  }\n\n  // The declared compute input the event just edited — the reducer's\n  // meta.changed (issue #75). The triggering field counts only when it is a\n  // named form control OWNED by this root (not a nested reactive root's, issue\n  // #15) AND its name is among the declared compute inputs; anything else\n  // (a direct call, an unowned/undeclared target) yields null.\n  //\n  // Scope-aware (issue #184): under data-reactive-scope, the edited field's DOM\n  // name is scoped (order[allowance]) while the declared inputs are BARE\n  // (allowance). Strip the scope prefix off the DOM name before comparing, and\n  // return the BARE name — so a reducer branching on `changed` sees the same\n  // names it declared, scoped or not.\n  #changedComputeField(event, inputs, scope) {\n    const target = event?.target\n    if (!target?.name || typeof target.closest !== \"function\") return null\n    const bare = this.#unscopeName(target.name, scope)\n    if (!inputs.includes(bare)) return null\n    return this.#ownsField(target) ? bare : null\n  }\n\n  // Strip a leading `scope[…]` wrapper off a DOM field name, returning the bare\n  // inner name; a name that isn't wrapped in this scope passes through unchanged.\n  #unscopeName(name, scope) {\n    if (!scope) return name\n    const prefix = `${scope}[`\n    return name.startsWith(prefix) && name.endsWith(\"]\") ? name.slice(prefix.length, -1) : name\n  }\n\n  // Write `value` into every owned [data-reactive-text=\"<name>\"] node via\n  // textContent (issue #104) — XSS-safe by construction (never innerHTML). Drives\n  // both the identity mirror (an input's raw value) and a text-node output (a\n  // reducer result with no matching field). Change-guarded (skip an unchanged\n  // node) and NO input dispatch — a text node has no listener contract. String()\n  // so a numeric result renders like the DOM would.\n  #mirrorText(name, value) {\n    const text = String(value)\n    for (const node of this.#ownedTextNodes(name)) {\n      if (node.textContent === text) continue\n      node.textContent = text\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Every [data-reactive-text=\"<name>\"] mirror OWNED by this root (skips nested\n  // reactive roots, issue #15). Empty when none — reactive_text is optional.\n  #ownedTextNodes(name) {\n    const nodes = this.element.querySelectorAll(`[data-reactive-text=\"${name}\"]`)\n    return Array.from(nodes).filter((el) => this.#ownsField(el))\n  }\n\n  // Cross-root text mirrors (issue #159): paint every DECLARED mirror name into\n  // its allowlisted document-wide id targets via textContent — the opt-in escape\n  // from root isolation (issue #15) for a recap OUTSIDE the computing root. The\n  // value is the reducer's result when it produced one, else the owned field's\n  // CURRENT value (an input identity mirror / a just-written output) — one\n  // declaration covers all three shapes. A name with NO value this pass is\n  // SKIPPED (a mirror never blanks a recap the reducer didn't feed). textContent\n  // only (never innerHTML), change-guarded, and NO input dispatch — same\n  // contract as #mirrorText. With no mirror declared this is one getAttribute\n  // and out — the shipped compute path never touches the document.\n  #applyComputeMirrors(result, ownedField) {\n    const mirror = this.#parseComputeMirror()\n    for (const [name, selectors] of Object.entries(mirror)) {\n      const value = name in result ? result[name] : ownedField(name)?.value\n      if (value === undefined || value === null) continue\n      const text = String(value)\n      for (const sel of Array.isArray(selectors) ? selectors : [selectors]) {\n        if (!guardMirrorSelector(sel)) continue\n        for (const node of document.querySelectorAll(sel)) {\n          if (node.textContent === text) continue\n          node.textContent = text\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // The declared cross-root mirror map (issue #159): a JSON object of\n  // { name: [id selectors] } from data-reactive-compute-mirror-param (emitted by\n  // reactive_compute's `mirror:`). Absent/malformed degrades to {} — a bad\n  // binding must never throw on input.\n  #parseComputeMirror() {\n    const raw = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-compute-mirror-param\")\n    if (!raw) return {}\n    try {\n      const parsed = JSON.parse(raw)\n      return parsed && typeof parsed === \"object\" && !Array.isArray(parsed) ? parsed : {}\n    } catch {\n      return {}\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Enqueue the action — debounced if a debounce window is set, else immediately.\n  // Split out of dispatch so both the no-confirm fast path and the post-confirm\n  // microtask share one place (issue #55). `target` is captured up front because\n  // this can run in a later microtask, after event.target has been reset.\n  #proceed(target, action, params, debounce, throttle, optimistic, busy) {\n    // Lifecycle veto point (issue #79): one cancelable reactive:before-dispatch\n    // per user gesture — post-preventDefault, post-confirm, PRE-debounce (and\n    // PRE-throttle, the same timing). event.preventDefault() skips the\n    // debounce/throttle AND the enqueue entirely (nothing is scheduled).\n    // retry() re-enters the queue directly, so this does NOT refire on a retry.\n    // detail.params are the trigger's explicit params; sibling fields are\n    // collected later, at send time.\n    const before = this.#emit(\"reactive:before-dispatch\", {\n      action,\n      params: this.#parseParams(params),\n      element: this.element,\n    }, { cancelable: true })\n    if (before.defaultPrevented) return\n\n    // Debounced trigger (e.g. on(:update, event: \"input\", debounce: 300)):\n    // coalesce rapid events into ONE round trip after a quiet period, instead of\n    // one POST per keystroke (issue #17). A blur flushes a pending dispatch.\n    // The optimistic hint (issue #98) and the busy state (issue #181) ride to\n    // the flush too, so they apply ONCE per enqueue — a debounced input must not\n    // flap toggle_class per keystroke, and its element must NOT be disabled\n    // during the quiet period (that would break typing). Both apply at ENQUEUE.\n    const ms = Number(debounce) || 0\n    if (ms > 0) return this.#debounceDispatch(target, ms, action, params, optimistic, busy)\n\n    // Throttled trigger (e.g. on(:track, event: \"scroll\", window: true,\n    // throttle: 250), issue #80): LEADING-EDGE rate limit — fire the first\n    // event immediately, drop the rest until the window elapses. debounce and\n    // throttle are mutually exclusive (the Ruby on() raises on both).\n    const throttleMs = Number(throttle) || 0\n    if (throttleMs > 0) return this.#throttleDispatch(target, throttleMs, action, params, optimistic, busy)\n\n    return this.#enqueue(action, params, optimistic, target, busy)\n  }\n\n  // Apply the optimistic hint ONCE (recording its inverse) and chain the round\n  // trip, threading that inverse onto THIS queued request so the serialized\n  // per-controller queue reverts the RIGHT request's hint on failure (issue\n  // #98). Applying here — the single flush/enqueue point every path funnels\n  // through — is what makes a hint apply once per enqueue, not per raw dispatch.\n  //\n  // The busy state (issue #181) applies here too, for the same reason: enqueue\n  // is the moment the request is committed to the queue, so the always-on busy\n  // vocabulary (data-reactive-busy on the trigger + root, aria-busy via a pending\n  // counter, busy_on scoping) and the busy hint (disable + class + text swap)\n  // cover the WHOLE pending window — queue wait included — not just the fetch. It\n  // returns a `settle` closure that #perform runs in its finally (success OR\n  // failure), guarded so a morph-replaced trigger is never clobbered.\n  #enqueue(action, params, optimistic, target, busy) {\n    const inverse = this.#applyOptimistic(optimistic, target)\n    const settle = this.#applyBusy(action, target, busy)\n    // Debug-only teaching aid (issue #181): if optimistic: { hide: true } is used\n    // for instant-delete but the reply RE-RENDERS the element (bringing it back),\n    // that hint was pointless — the developer likely wanted reply.remove. Capture\n    // the hidden nodes now; the success path re-checks the OBSERVED DOM after the\n    // morph (never inferred from the verb) and warns if any came back visible.\n    const resurrect = this.#debugEnabled() ? this.#buildResurrectionCheck(optimistic, target) : null\n    this.queue = (this.queue ?? Promise.resolve())\n      .then(() => this.#perform(action, params, inverse, settle, resurrect))\n    return this.queue\n  }\n\n  // Snapshot the elements an optimistic hide: targeted (the trigger, or the `to:`\n  // selector) so the success path can detect a resurrection. Returns null unless\n  // a hide: hint is present — nothing else can be \"resurrected\".\n  #buildResurrectionCheck(optimistic, target) {\n    if (!optimistic?.hide) return null\n    const hidden = this.#hintTargets(optimistic, target)\n    if (!hidden.length) return null\n    return () => {\n      const back = hidden.filter((el) => el.isConnected && !el.hidden)\n      if (!back.length) return\n      console.warn(\n        \"[phlex-reactive] optimistic: { hide: true } was undone by the reply's re-render — \" +\n          \"the element is visible again. For an instant delete, return reply.remove so the \" +\n          \"server removes it; otherwise the hide only flashes.\",\n        back,\n      )\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Reset a per-element timer; only enqueue the round trip after `ms` of quiet.\n  // Also flush immediately on blur so leaving the field never drops the last\n  // edit (a long debounce shouldn't swallow a value the user tabbed away from).\n  #debounceDispatch(target, ms, action, params, optimistic, busy) {\n    this.#clearDebounce(target)\n\n    const flush = () => {\n      this.#clearDebounce(target)\n      this.#enqueue(action, params, optimistic, target, busy)\n    }\n    const timer = setTimeout(flush, ms)\n    target?.addEventListener?.(\"blur\", flush, { once: true })\n    this.#debounceTimers.set(target, { timer, flush })\n  }\n\n  #clearDebounce(target) {\n    const pending = this.#debounceTimers.get(target)\n    if (!pending) return\n    clearTimeout(pending.timer)\n    target?.removeEventListener?.(\"blur\", pending.flush)\n    this.#debounceTimers.delete(target)\n  }\n\n  // Clear every pending debounce timer (used on disconnect). Reuses\n  // #clearDebounce so all timer/listener teardown stays in one place. Snapshot\n  // the keys first — #clearDebounce mutates the map as it goes.\n  #clearAllDebounces() {\n    for (const target of [...this.#debounceTimers.keys()]) this.#clearDebounce(target)\n  }\n\n  // Leading-edge throttle (issue #80), mirroring #debounceDispatch: the FIRST\n  // event fires immediately; a suppression timer then drops further events\n  // until the window elapses (no trailing fire — dropped, not queued). Timers\n  // are keyed on action + target, NOT target alone: window-bound scroll/resize\n  // events all share event.target === document, so two window-bound triggers\n  // on one component would otherwise collide on one timer.\n  #throttleDispatch(target, ms, action, params, optimistic, busy) {\n    const timers = this.#throttleTimers.get(target) ?? new Map()\n    if (timers.has(action)) return // inside the window — suppress\n\n    const timer = setTimeout(() => {\n      timers.delete(action)\n      if (timers.size === 0) this.#throttleTimers.delete(target)\n    }, ms)\n    timers.set(action, timer)\n    this.#throttleTimers.set(target, timers)\n    return this.#enqueue(action, params, optimistic, target, busy) // leading edge: fire NOW\n  }\n\n  // Clear every throttle suppression timer (used on disconnect, alongside\n  // #clearAllDebounces) so nothing outlives the element.\n  #clearAllThrottles() {\n    for (const timers of this.#throttleTimers.values()) {\n      for (const timer of timers.values()) clearTimeout(timer)\n    }\n    this.#throttleTimers.clear()\n  }\n\n  // Raw-dispatch a lifecycle CustomEvent (issue #79). Deliberately NOT\n  // Stimulus's this.dispatch() helper — that name is SHADOWED by this\n  // controller's own dispatch(event) action method. Bubbling + composed so a\n  // page-level listener (or `data-action=\"reactive:error->toast#show\"` on an\n  // ancestor) hears it. After a plain (non-morph) replace this.element is a\n  // DETACHED node — a bubbling event on it never reaches document listeners —\n  // so fall back to dispatching on document itself.\n  #emit(name, detail, { cancelable = false } = {}) {\n    const event = new CustomEvent(name, { bubbles: true, composed: true, cancelable, detail })\n    const root = this.element.isConnected ? this.element : document\n    root.dispatchEvent(event)\n    return event\n  }\n\n  // reactive:error detail: { action, params, kind, status?, body?, retry }.\n  // `params` are the FULL params that were sent (collected fields + explicit\n  // trigger params). retry() re-enters the request queue with the ORIGINAL raw\n  // trigger params, so #perform re-reads the freshest token and RE-COLLECTS the\n  // sibling fields — nothing stale is replayed. It does not refire\n  // reactive:before-dispatch (one veto per user gesture), and it no-ops with a\n  // warning once the root has left the DOM (retrying against a detached\n  // element would post a stale token into nowhere).\n  #emitError(action, rawParams, sentParams, extra) {\n    const retry = () => {\n      if (!this.element.isConnected) {\n        console.warn(\"[phlex-reactive] retry() ignored — the reactive root left the DOM\")\n        return\n      }\n      return this.#enqueue(action, rawParams)\n    }\n    this.#emit(\"reactive:error\", { action, params: sentParams, ...extra, retry })\n  }\n\n  // Mark the reactive root as errored (issue #100) with the failure kind, so an\n  // app can style it purely in CSS ([data-reactive-error] { … }) with zero JS.\n  // Guarded — a plain replace may have detached the root before the failure lands.\n  #markError(kind) {\n    if (this.element?.isConnected === false) return\n    this.element?.setAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-error\", kind)\n  }\n\n  // Clear the failure marker on the next successful apply (issue #100).\n  #clearError() {\n    this.element?.removeAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-error\")\n  }\n\n  // Offline fallback (issue #100): a network failure reached no server, so there\n  // is no body to render. Clone the content of a server-rendered\n  // <template data-reactive-error-flash> into the flash region so the user still\n  // sees SOMETHING. The template is app-authored (trusted) — this is a pure\n  // deep clone, never client templating of untrusted data. No template, or no\n  // flash container, is a silent no-op (a page without the opt-in is unchanged).\n  #renderNetworkFallback() {\n    const template = document.querySelector(\"[data-reactive-error-flash]\")\n    if (!template?.content) return\n    // The flash region is the host-app container Response#flash targets. Its id\n    // defaults to \"flash\" (Phlex::Reactive.flash_target); an app that customized\n    // it can point the fallback at the same node by putting the template's\n    // data-reactive-error-flash value there — but the common case is #flash.\n    const targetId = template.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-error-flash\") || \"flash\"\n    const region = document.getElementById(targetId)\n    if (!region) return\n    region.appendChild(template.content.cloneNode(true))\n  }\n\n  // Latency simulator (issue #102): if enableLatencySim(ms) stored a delay in\n  // sessionStorage, await it before the fetch so the busy window (already open\n  // since enqueue) is actually visible on localhost. Reads the key LIVE per\n  // request — like the CSRF token — so toggling the sim mid-session takes effect\n  // on the very next action without a reload. A missing sessionStorage, an absent\n  // key, or a non-positive/NaN value resolves immediately (no timer, no delay) —\n  // the whole feature is inert for any app that never opts in. Warns ONCE while\n  // active (module-level guard), not once per request.\n  #maybeSimulateLatency() {\n    if (typeof sessionStorage === \"undefined\") return Promise.resolve()\n    const ms = Number(sessionStorage.getItem(LATENCY_KEY))\n    if (!Number.isFinite(ms) || ms <= 0) return Promise.resolve()\n    if (!latencyBannerShown) {\n      latencyBannerShown = true\n      console.warn(\n        `[phlex-reactive] latency simulator ACTIVE — every action is delayed by ${ms}ms. ` +\n          \"Call PhlexReactive.disableLatencySim() (or clear sessionStorage) to turn it off.\",\n      )\n    }\n    return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms))\n  }\n\n  // Client debug mode (issue #108) — the \"devtools-lite\" lens. On when the Ruby\n  // reactive_attrs stamped data-reactive-debug=\"true\" (Phlex::Reactive.debug).\n  // Read live (a single getAttribute) so the whole feature is inert for any app\n  // that never opts in: OFF → this returns false and #perform builds no debug\n  // object, parses no response, and logs nothing (the \"zero cost when off\"\n  // invariant — one nil-check per dispatch). Guarded for a stub root with no\n  // getAttribute (unit harnesses) so it degrades to off, never throwing.\n  #debugEnabled() {\n    return this.element?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-debug\") === \"true\"\n  }\n\n  // A monotonic timestamp for the round-trip duration (ms). performance.now is\n  // monotonic (immune to a wall-clock adjustment mid-request); Date.now is the\n  // fallback for an exotic environment without it. ONLY called on the debug path,\n  // so it costs nothing when debug is off.\n  #debugNow() {\n    return typeof performance !== \"undefined\" && typeof performance.now === \"function\"\n      ? performance.now()\n      : Date.now()\n  }\n\n  // Parse a turbo-stream response's action + target pairs for the debug trace,\n  // from the body text #perform ALREADY read (never a re-fetch). NAMES only — the\n  // <template> contents (rendered HTML, the fresh token) are deliberately not\n  // touched. A non-turbo-stream / empty body yields [] (nothing to report).\n  #debugStreams(body) {\n    if (!body) return []\n    const streams = []\n    const re = /<turbo-stream\\b([^>]*)>/g\n    let match\n    while ((match = re.exec(body)) !== null) {\n      const attrs = match[1]\n      const action = attrs.match(/\\baction=\"([^\"]*)\"/)?.[1] ?? \"?\"\n      const target = attrs.match(/\\btarget=\"([^\"]*)\"/)?.[1]\n      streams.push(target ? `${action} → #${target}` : action)\n    }\n    return streams\n  }\n\n  // console.group ONE dispatch (issue #108). Carries NAMES + outcomes ONLY — the\n  // signed token VALUE and every field/param VALUE are deliberately absent (they\n  // may be sensitive; the whole point is observability without leaking data). The\n  // caller passes the info it already holds so nothing is recomputed or re-fetched:\n  //   { action, paramNames, fieldNames, encoding, status, streams, tokenRefreshed, ms }\n  // `console.groupCollapsed` keeps the console tidy (one collapsed line per action).\n  #logDispatch(info) {\n    const { action, status, ms } = info\n    // The client can't name the component CLASS (it's inside the signed, opaque\n    // token — never decoded here), but the root's id is the stable client-side\n    // handle (e.g. #todo_42), so the header reads `reactive #todo_42 rename → …`.\n    const who = this.element?.id ? `#${this.element.id} ` : \"\"\n    const header = `reactive ${who}${action} → ${status ?? \"—\"} (${Math.round(ms)}ms)`\n    /* eslint-disable no-console */\n    console.groupCollapsed(header)\n    console.log(`params: [${info.paramNames.join(\", \")}] + collected: [${info.fieldNames.join(\", \")}]`)\n    console.log(`encoding: ${info.encoding}`)\n    if (info.streams.length) console.log(`streams: ${info.streams.join(\"   \")}`)\n    console.log(`token: ${info.tokenRefreshed ? \"refreshed ✓\" : \"unchanged\"}`)\n    console.groupEnd()\n    /* eslint-enable no-console */\n  }\n\n  async #perform(action, params, inverse, settle, resurrect) {\n    // Auto-collect named field values inside this component so a button-\n    // triggered action still receives sibling inputs (Livewire-style), plus any\n    // chosen file inputs in the SAME walk. Explicit params\n    // (data-reactive-params-param) win over collected fields.\n    const { fields, files } = this.#collectFields()\n    // Parse the explicit trigger params ONCE — reused below for allParams and, on\n    // the debug path, for the params-only name list (so the trace can show\n    // `params: [...]` distinct from the collected `+ collected: [...]`). #parseParams\n    // is pure (a fresh object from a JSON string, or the same object by reference\n    // when already parsed); allParams spreads a COPY and nothing mutates parsedParams\n    // downstream (JSON.stringify / #buildFormData read allParams, a new object).\n    const parsedParams = this.#parseParams(params)\n    const allParams = { ...fields, ...parsedParams }\n    const token = this.#currentToken\n\n    // File/multipart path (issue #34): if THIS root has a populated\n    // <input type=\"file\">, the action can't be JSON (JSON.stringify drops the\n    // File). Send FormData instead — token + act + scalar params as fields, each\n    // chosen file appended. The morph/token machinery downstream is identical;\n    // only the request ENCODING differs when files are present.\n    const multipart = files.length > 0\n    const body = multipart\n      ? this.#buildFormData(token, action, allParams, files)\n      : JSON.stringify({ token, act: action, params: allParams })\n\n    // Client debug mode (issue #108): build the trace object ONLY when debug is on\n    // (one nil-check otherwise — zero cost off). It carries NAMES only: the\n    // explicit trigger param names and the collected sibling field names, split so\n    // the group shows `params: [...] + collected: [...]`. status/streams/\n    // tokenRefreshed are filled in at the branch that knows them; the group is\n    // emitted once in the finally so EVERY exit (success or any failure) logs.\n    const debug = this.#debugEnabled()\n      ? {\n          action,\n          paramNames: Object.keys(parsedParams),\n          fieldNames: Object.keys(fields),\n          encoding: multipart ? \"multipart\" : \"json\",\n          status: null,\n          streams: [],\n          tokenRefreshed: false,\n          started: this.#debugNow(),\n        }\n      : null\n\n    // aria-busy on the root is now driven by the loading pending counter\n    // (#applyLoading, applied at ENQUEUE so it covers the queue wait too), not\n    // set here. #settleLoading in the finally clears it — see #enqueue.\n\n    // Latency simulator (issue #102): the busy window (aria-busy + loading state)\n    // is already applied at enqueue, so awaiting the configured delay HERE — after\n    // that window opened and before the fetch — is what makes it visible on\n    // localhost. A null/absent/non-positive sessionStorage key is a no-op (zero\n    // production surface), so this line vanishes for any app that never opts in.\n    await this.#maybeSimulateLatency()\n\n    try {\n      // Offline gate (issue #101), authoritative at the NETWORK BOUNDARY (send\n      // time), not at enqueue. A click can enqueue while online and reach here\n      // after going offline (a debounced/queued request, a rapid transition) —\n      // gating in #perform makes the kind consistently \"offline\" for that whole\n      // condition instead of leaking through as a \"network\" fetch throw. The\n      // fetch never fires, so the edit is not half-sent; the finally still runs\n      // (settle clears loading), the optimistic hint reverts, and retry() (which\n      // re-enters #perform) re-checks and sends once back online.\n      if (navigator.onLine === false) {\n        this.#revertOptimistic(inverse)\n        this.#markError(\"offline\")\n        this.#emitError(action, params, allParams, { kind: \"offline\" })\n        return\n      }\n\n      let response\n      try {\n        const headers = {\n          Accept: \"text/vnd.turbo-stream.html\",\n          \"X-CSRF-Token\": this.#csrfToken(),\n        }\n        // For JSON we declare the content type; for multipart we must NOT — the\n        // browser sets `multipart/form-data; boundary=…` itself, and overriding it\n        // would strip the boundary and corrupt the body server-side.\n        if (!multipart) headers[\"Content-Type\"] = \"application/json\"\n        // Send the pgbus SSE connection id (if subscribed) so the server can\n        // exclude this connection from its own broadcast echo — the actor\n        // already gets the action's HTTP response. Harmless without pgbus.\n        const connectionId = this.#connectionId()\n        if (connectionId) headers[\"X-Pgbus-Connection\"] = connectionId\n\n        // ONLY `fetch` itself is the network boundary — offline, DNS, a reset\n        // connection. Everything below this inner try (reading the body,\n        // extracting the token, handing streams to Turbo) runs AFTER the\n        // server already processed the mutation, so none of it belongs in the\n        // `kind: \"network\"` / retriable bucket (CodeRabbit review on #89): if\n        // renderStreamMessage throws, retry()ing would re-POST an action the\n        // server already completed — see the outer catch below. (NOT a\n        // reactive:applied LISTENER throwing — per the DOM spec, dispatchEvent\n        // never propagates a listener's exception back to its caller, so that\n        // case can't reach this catch at all; verified in the JS test suite.)\n        response = await fetch(this.#actionPath(), {\n          method: \"POST\",\n          headers,\n          body,\n          credentials: \"same-origin\",\n          // Bound the request (issue #101): a server that never answers used to\n          // wedge this.queue forever (the finally that clears aria-busy/loading\n          // never ran). AbortSignal.timeout(ms) aborts the fetch after the\n          // configured window; the abort surfaces in this catch as a\n          // DOMException named \"TimeoutError\" (see the branch below).\n          signal: AbortSignal.timeout(this.#timeoutMs()),\n        })\n      } catch (error) {\n        console.error(\"[phlex-reactive] action error\", error)\n        this.#revertOptimistic(inverse)\n        // AbortSignal.timeout() rejects with a DOMException named \"TimeoutError\"\n        // (a manual AbortController.abort() would be \"AbortError\" — we don't use\n        // one, but accept it too for robustness). A timeout is NOT \"offline\":\n        // the request left and the server didn't answer in time; connectivity is\n        // unknown. So do NOT clone the offline-fallback template or mark network\n        // — just fire kind:\"timeout\" (retriable). The queue still advances\n        // (#perform returns, never rejects), so the hung request un-wedges it.\n        if (error?.name === \"TimeoutError\" || error?.name === \"AbortError\") {\n          this.#markError(\"timeout\")\n          this.#emitError(action, params, allParams, { kind: \"timeout\" })\n          return\n        }\n        // No server reached — nothing to render (issue #100). Clone a\n        // server-rendered <template data-reactive-error-flash> into the flash\n        // region as an offline fallback. The template is rendered by the app\n        // (trusted), so this is a pure clone — no client templating of data.\n        this.#renderNetworkFallback()\n        this.#markError(\"network\")\n        this.#emitError(action, params, allParams, { kind: \"network\" })\n        return\n      }\n\n      // Debug (issue #108): the server answered — record the status for the trace\n      // now, so every response branch below (redirected/http/content-type/ok) logs\n      // it. The transport-failure branches above return before here (they have no\n      // status); their group still fires from the finally with status null → \"—\".\n      if (debug) debug.status = response.status\n\n      if (response.redirected) {\n        console.error(\"[phlex-reactive] action was redirected (auth/CSRF?) — no update applied\")\n        this.#revertOptimistic(inverse)\n        this.#markError(\"redirected\")\n        this.#emitError(action, params, allParams, { kind: \"redirected\", status: response.status })\n        return\n      }\n      if (!response.ok) {\n        const errorBody = await response.text()\n        console.error(`[phlex-reactive] action failed: HTTP ${response.status}`, errorBody)\n        this.#revertOptimistic(inverse)\n        // Render a non-OK turbo-stream body so a server-rendered error flash\n        // (an error_flash rescue, or a status: :unprocessable_entity validation\n        // reply from a plain controller) is actually SHOWN — instead of being\n        // read only for the console (issue #100). #extractToken is run as usual;\n        // it NO-OPS when no stream re-renders our id, so a 400 InvalidToken body\n        // never refreshes the held identity token (which is not a nonce and stays\n        // retry-valid — do not \"fix\" that). A non-turbo-stream body is left to the\n        // console.error above (an HTML error page must not be handed to Turbo).\n        if ((response.headers.get(\"Content-Type\") || \"\").includes(\"turbo-stream\")) {\n          const fresh = this.#extractToken(errorBody)\n          this.#currentToken = fresh ?? this.#currentToken\n          if (debug) this.#debugRecordBody(debug, errorBody, fresh)\n          window.Turbo.renderStreamMessage(errorBody)\n        }\n        this.#markError(\"http\")\n        this.#emitError(action, params, allParams, { kind: \"http\", status: response.status, body: errorBody })\n        return\n      }\n\n      const contentType = response.headers.get(\"Content-Type\") || \"\"\n      if (!contentType.includes(\"turbo-stream\")) {\n        console.error(`[phlex-reactive] expected a turbo-stream, got \"${contentType}\" — no update applied`)\n        this.#revertOptimistic(inverse)\n        this.#markError(\"content-type\")\n        this.#emitError(action, params, allParams, { kind: \"content-type\", status: response.status })\n        return\n      }\n\n      const html = await response.text()\n      // Capture the new token from the response synchronously, so the next\n      // queued request uses it without waiting for the async DOM morph.\n      const fresh = this.#extractToken(html)\n      this.#currentToken = fresh ?? this.#currentToken\n      // Debug (issue #108): record the stream actions/targets + whether a refresh\n      // arrived, from the body we JUST read (reuse — no second text() read). Never\n      // the token or template contents.\n      if (debug) this.#debugRecordBody(debug, html, fresh)\n      // Turbo applies the <turbo-stream> ops by id. A plain replace is an\n      // outerHTML swap (focus on the replaced subtree is lost); a method=\"morph\"\n      // replace (Response.morph) or an update morphs in place, preserving the\n      // focused input + caret on unchanged nodes — see issue #28.\n      window.Turbo.renderStreamMessage(html)\n      // Debug-only (issue #181): the morph may apply a microtask later, so check\n      // the resurrected-hide case AFTER it lands. Off the debug path, resurrect is\n      // null — zero cost.\n      if (resurrect) queueMicrotask(resurrect)\n      // A successful apply CLEARS any prior failure marker (issue #100), so\n      // error-driven CSS on the root (a red border, a shake) resets on recovery.\n      this.#clearError()\n      // Lifecycle hook (issue #79): the streams were HANDED TO Turbo — a\n      // renderStreamMessage applies asynchronously, so the DOM mutation may\n      // complete a tick later. Apps needing post-morph timing listen to Turbo's\n      // own events; this one is for \"the action round trip succeeded\".\n      this.#emit(\"reactive:applied\", { action, params: allParams, html })\n    } catch (error) {\n      // The server already processed this action successfully (we're past the\n      // fetch) — a throw here is a CLIENT-side apply failure (a malformed\n      // response, a broken Turbo render — NOT a reactive:applied listener\n      // throw, which dispatchEvent never propagates here), not a transport\n      // failure. kind: \"apply\" carries NO retry() — retrying would re-POST an\n      // action the server already completed.\n      console.error(\"[phlex-reactive] action error\", error)\n      this.#revertOptimistic(inverse)\n      this.#emit(\"reactive:error\", { action, params: allParams, kind: \"apply\" })\n    } finally {\n      // Settle the loading state (issue #99): decrement the pending counter,\n      // drop the trigger's/root's busy tokens, restore disabled/text/class —\n      // guarded so a morph-replaced trigger is never clobbered. Runs on EVERY\n      // exit (success, every failure branch, or an apply throw).\n      settle?.()\n      // Debug (issue #108): emit the group here so EVERY exit path logs exactly\n      // once — success, any transport/response failure, or an apply throw. Null\n      // when debug is off (zero cost). The round-trip ms is measured now, at the\n      // finally, so it spans the whole #perform (fetch + apply) regardless of exit.\n      if (debug) this.#logDispatch({ ...debug, ms: this.#debugNow() - debug.started })\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Debug (issue #108): fold the response body #perform already read into the\n  // trace — the stream action/target pairs and whether a token refresh arrived\n  // (a boolean; the token VALUE is intentionally not stored). Shared by the\n  // success and the non-OK-turbo-stream branches so both log the same shape.\n  #debugRecordBody(debug, body, freshToken) {\n    debug.streams = this.#debugStreams(body)\n    debug.tokenRefreshed = freshToken != null\n  }\n\n  get #currentToken() {\n    return this.#tokenCache ?? this.tokenValue\n  }\n\n  set #currentToken(value) {\n    this.#tokenCache = value\n  }\n\n  // Read the next token for THIS controller — the one that re-renders THIS\n  // element's id, never just the first token in the body (issue #46). On a\n  // collection of REACTIVE rows the prepended/appended ROW carries its OWN\n  // data-reactive-token-value and it sorts FIRST in the response; the list's own\n  // fresh token rides a trailing `reactive:token` stream targeting the container.\n  // Grabbing the first match stored the ROW's token, so the list's SECOND\n  // dispatch sent a row token → failed verification → add-once-only. This mirrors\n  // the server's carries_token_for? (#44): a stream carries OUR token only when it\n  // RE-RENDERS our id (reactive:token / replace / update of `this.element.id`) —\n  // append/prepend insert children and never count. Returns undefined when no\n  // stream re-renders our id, so #currentToken keeps its existing value.\n  #extractToken(html) {\n    const id = this.element.id\n    if (!id) {\n      // No id to self-match (shouldn't happen for a reactive root). Fall back to\n      // the legacy first-token behavior so a single-component response still works.\n      return html.match(/data-reactive-token-value=\"([^\"]+)\"/)?.[1]\n    }\n\n    const { token, self } = this.#tokenRegexes(id)\n\n    // The dedicated token-only refresh for THIS element (partial updates / the\n    // collection container) — an attribute on the <turbo-stream> itself.\n    const tokenStream = html.match(token)\n    if (tokenStream) return tokenStream[1]\n\n    // A full self re-render: a replace/update of THIS element whose template root\n    // carries the fresh token. Scope the token search to that one stream so a\n    // sibling/child token elsewhere in the body can't leak in.\n    const selfStream = html.match(self)\n    if (selfStream) return selfStream[1].match(/data-reactive-token-value=\"([^\"]+)\"/)?.[1]\n\n    // Nothing re-rendered our id — keep the current token.\n    return undefined\n  }\n\n  // The two per-id RegExps #extractToken uses to self-match this element's next\n  // token (issue #118). `this.element.id` is page-stable, so these are compiled\n  // ONCE and reused across every response — instead of allocating two fresh\n  // RegExps per round trip. The memo is KEYED ON THE ID and rebuilt when it\n  // changes: a re-render that re-identifies the root must scan for the NEW target,\n  // never the stale one (or the token would freeze — see the id-change bun test).\n  // The PATTERNS are byte-identical to the pre-memo inline literals; only their\n  // allocation moved.\n  #tokenRegexes(id) {\n    const cache = this.#tokenRegexCache\n    if (cache && cache.id === id) return cache\n    const escaped = escapeRegExp(id)\n    return (this.#tokenRegexCache = {\n      id,\n      token: new RegExp(\n        `<turbo-stream\\\\b[^>]*\\\\baction=\"reactive:token\"[^>]*\\\\btarget=\"${escaped}\"[^>]*\\\\bdata-reactive-token-value=\"([^\"]+)\"`,\n      ),\n      self: new RegExp(\n        `<turbo-stream\\\\b[^>]*\\\\baction=\"(?:replace|update)\"[^>]*\\\\btarget=\"${escaped}\"[^>]*>([\\\\s\\\\S]*?)</turbo-stream>`,\n      ),\n    })\n  }\n\n  // True when `el` is collected by THIS reactive root and not by a nested one.\n  // A reactive component can be rendered inside another (both are\n  // data-controller=\"reactive\" roots). querySelectorAll() descends into nested\n  // roots, so without this guard an outer action would sweep the inner roots'\n  // inputs into its own params (issue #15). An element belongs to this root iff\n  // its nearest [data-controller~=\"reactive\"] ancestor is this.element.\n  #ownsField(el) {\n    return el.closest('[data-controller~=\"reactive\"]') === this.element\n  }\n\n  // A per-op ownership PREDICATE — the issue #117 fast path over issue #15\n  // scoping. #ownsField answers \"is this element mine, not a nested reactive\n  // root's\" with a per-element closest() walk; on a wide form or every keystroke\n  // that walk runs per matched field. This hoists the DECISION to once per op.\n  //\n  // HYBRID GATE — closest() stays the source of truth; the nested-root query only\n  // decides whether the fast path is SAFE:\n  //   * Fast path (overwhelmingly common): this root contains NO nested reactive\n  //     roots, so every element the caller's querySelectorAll returned is already\n  //     a direct descendant of this.element with no intervening reactive root —\n  //     it is ours. Return a constant-true predicate and skip the per-field\n  //     closest() walk entirely. That is the whole win.\n  //   * Nested case: fall back to the UNCHANGED #ownsField closest() check, so\n  //     scoping is byte-identical to before. We deliberately do NOT use\n  //     contains() here — the closest() form needs no node to implement\n  //     contains(), and on a real DOM the two agree for a descendant of\n  //     this.element (el.closest('[data-controller~=\"reactive\"]') === this.element\n  //     iff no nested reactive-root descendant contains el).\n  //\n  // Computed ONCE per dispatch-scoped op (per #collectFields call, per recompute,\n  // per #listnavOptions) and NEVER stored on the instance — a morph replaces\n  // nodes, so a cached predicate would close over stale roots.\n  #ownershipFilter() {\n    const nested = this.element.querySelectorAll('[data-controller~=\"reactive\"]')\n    if (nested.length === 0) return () => true\n    return (el) => this.#ownsField(el)\n  }\n\n  // Resolve the effective confirm message (issue #179). A plain string is the\n  // static #52 form (always shown). A confirmWhen JSON payload is the CONDITIONAL\n  // form — evaluated over the SAME collected fields reactive_compute reads — and\n  // returns the message ONLY when it fires, else null (proceed, no dialog):\n  //   { groups, message }    — the reactive_show conditions fold (anyOfAllsMatches)\n  //   { predicate, message } — a registered fn (setConfirmPredicate) over the fields\n  // A missing predicate warns and returns null (PROCEED without a dialog) — the\n  // compute unknown-reducer posture. This is soft-validation UX; the endpoint's\n  // authorize/default-deny is the real gate, so failing OPEN here never grants\n  // anything the server wouldn't already allow.\n  #effectiveConfirmMessage(confirm, confirmWhen) {\n    if (confirm) return confirm\n    if (!confirmWhen) return null\n\n    // Stimulus auto-parses a JSON-object -param value, so confirmWhen usually\n    // arrives ALREADY parsed. Accept an object as-is; parse a string defensively\n    // (a hand-built attr, or a non-Stimulus caller). A malformed string warns and\n    // proceeds without a dialog (default-deny UX — the server is the real gate).\n    let payload = confirmWhen\n    if (typeof confirmWhen === \"string\") {\n      try {\n        payload = JSON.parse(confirmWhen)\n      } catch {\n        console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed conditional confirm payload ${JSON.stringify(confirmWhen)} — skipped`)\n        return null\n      }\n    }\n    if (!payload || typeof payload !== \"object\") return null\n\n    const { fields } = this.#collectFields()\n    const fieldValue = (name) => fields[name]\n\n    let fires\n    if (typeof payload.predicate === \"string\") {\n      const fn = confirmPredicate(payload.predicate)\n      if (!fn) {\n        console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] confirm predicate \"${payload.predicate}\" is not registered — proceeding without a dialog (register it with setConfirmPredicate)`)\n        return null\n      }\n      fires = !!fn(fields)\n    } else {\n      // Declarative: the DNF groups fold, identical to reactive_show — matches → fire.\n      fires = anyOfAllsMatches(payload.groups?.any, fieldValue) === true\n    }\n\n    return fires ? payload.message : null\n  }\n\n  // One walk over THIS root's named controls (not a nested reactive root's),\n  // returning both the scalar `fields` and any chosen `files`. The ownership\n  // predicate is hoisted ONCE (issue #117) via #ownershipFilter — in the common\n  // no-nested-root case it is a constant true, so we skip a closest() walk per\n  // field. A file input's `.value` is the useless \"C:\\fakepath\\…\" string, never a\n  // scalar — so its chosen files are collected separately (honoring `multiple`)\n  // and it adds no phantom blank value (issue #34). An empty `files` keeps the\n  // JSON path.\n  #collectFields() {\n    const fields = {}\n    const files = []\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter() // compute ONCE per dispatch (issue #117)\n    this.element.querySelectorAll(\"input[name], select[name], textarea[name]\").forEach((field) => {\n      if (!owns(field)) return\n      if (field.type === \"file\") {\n        // Carry the input's `multiple` flag so #buildFormData keeps the array\n        // shape (params[name][]) even when the user picked exactly one file —\n        // otherwise a [:file] schema would see a lone scalar upload and drop it.\n        for (const file of field.files ?? []) files.push({ name: field.name, file, multiple: field.multiple })\n      } else if (field.type === \"checkbox\") {\n        fields[field.name] = field.checked\n      } else if (field.type === \"radio\") {\n        if (field.checked) fields[field.name] = field.value\n      } else {\n        fields[field.name] = field.value\n      }\n    })\n    // Named rich-text / custom editors (lexxy-editor, trix-editor) and bare\n    // [contenteditable]. These aren't input/select/textarea, so the query above\n    // skips them — without this, a reactive save posts an empty value and\n    // silently wipes the field (issue #8). Read whatever the element exposes:\n    // a custom editor's serialized `.value`, else its contenteditable text.\n    // Only fill a name the standard controls left absent or empty, so a synced\n    // hidden input (e.g. Trix mirrors into one) still wins when populated.\n    this.element\n      .querySelectorAll(\"[name]:is(lexxy-editor, trix-editor, [contenteditable=''], [contenteditable=true], [contenteditable=plaintext-only])\")\n      .forEach((el) => {\n        if (!owns(el)) return // reuse the SAME hoisted predicate (nested reactive root — issue #15)\n        // A plain element (e.g. a <div contenteditable>) has no `name` IDL\n        // property — only the attribute — so read getAttribute, not el.name.\n        const name = el.getAttribute(\"name\")\n        if (!name) return\n        const existing = fields[name]\n        if (existing == null || existing === \"\") {\n          fields[name] = el.value ?? el.textContent ?? el.innerHTML ?? \"\"\n        }\n      })\n    return { fields, files }\n  }\n\n  // Re-compute the dirty flag for EVERY field this root owns in one pass (issue\n  // #103), then reflect the total onto the root. Called on an owned field's input\n  // (trackDirty), on connect (baseline seed), and after a turbo:morph-element\n  // re-render (fresh default* attrs). dirty = current ≠ the DOM's own default:\n  //   checkbox/radio → checked  !== defaultChecked\n  //   select         → some option.selected !== option.defaultSelected\n  //   else           → value    !== defaultValue\n  // A full pass (not per-target) is REQUIRED: a radio group's previously-checked\n  // radio flips to checked=false with NO input event, so per-target toggling\n  // would leave its flag stale. File inputs are skipped — a file has no server\n  // default baseline. Per-dirty-field data-reactive-dirty=\"true\" (\"true\" STRING,\n  // not a valueless boolean attr — mirrors the on() flag convention); the root\n  // carries data-reactive-dirty=\"<count>\" and DROPS the attr at zero, so\n  // `[data-reactive-dirty]` styles the whole form and `[data-reactive-dirty]`\n  // on a field styles just the changed control — both pure CSS, zero JS.\n  #scanDirty() {\n    // Runs at bootstrap (the connect baseline seed) as well as on input/morph, so\n    // it must never throw — degrade to a no-op if the root can't be queried (a real\n    // reactive root always can; this guards minimal/test element stubs).\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n\n    let count = 0\n    this.element.querySelectorAll(\"input[name], select[name], textarea[name]\").forEach((field) => {\n      if (!this.#ownsField(field)) return // skip a nested reactive root's fields (issue #15)\n      if (field.type === \"file\") return // no server default baseline to diff against\n\n      if (this.#fieldDirty(field)) {\n        field.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-dirty\", \"true\")\n        count++\n      } else {\n        field.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-dirty\")\n      }\n    })\n\n    if (count > 0) this.element.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-dirty\", String(count))\n    else this.element.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-dirty\")\n  }\n\n  // Whether a single owned control differs from its server-rendered default.\n  #fieldDirty(field) {\n    if (field.type === \"checkbox\" || field.type === \"radio\") {\n      return field.checked !== field.defaultChecked\n    }\n    if (field.tag === \"select\" || field.options) {\n      // Any option whose selected state diverges from its defaultSelected. Guard\n      // for a stub/absent options list (degrade to clean).\n      return Array.from(field.options ?? []).some((o) => o.selected !== o.defaultSelected)\n    }\n    return field.value !== field.defaultValue\n  }\n\n  // The live dirty-field count, re-derived from the DOM (never a cached snapshot)\n  // — the source of truth for the warn_unsaved guard's gate.\n  #dirtyCount() {\n    const raw = this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-dirty\")\n    const n = Number(raw)\n    return Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0 ? n : 0\n  }\n\n  // Arm the navigate-away guard (warn_unsaved: true, issue #103). beforeunload\n  // blocks a real browser unload; turbo:before-visit blocks a Turbo in-app\n  // navigation (it does NOT fire on restoration visits — the documented gap).\n  // Both read the LIVE dirty count, so a clean form never blocks. Handlers are\n  // stored so disconnect() removes exactly them.\n  #armUnsavedGuard() {\n    if (typeof window === \"undefined\" || typeof window.addEventListener !== \"function\") return\n\n    this.#boundBeforeUnload = (event) => {\n      if (this.#dirtyCount() === 0) return undefined\n      // The spec dance: preventDefault + a truthy returnValue triggers the native\n      // \"leave site?\" prompt. The string is legacy (modern browsers show their own\n      // copy) but must be non-empty/truthy to arm the dialog.\n      event.preventDefault()\n      event.returnValue = \"You have unsaved changes.\"\n      return event.returnValue\n    }\n    this.#boundBeforeVisit = (event) => {\n      if (this.#dirtyCount() === 0) return\n      const ok = typeof window.confirm === \"function\" ? window.confirm(\"You have unsaved changes. Leave anyway?\") : true\n      if (!ok) event.preventDefault?.()\n    }\n\n    window.addEventListener(\"beforeunload\", this.#boundBeforeUnload)\n    window.addEventListener(\"turbo:before-visit\", this.#boundBeforeVisit)\n  }\n\n  // Remove the dirty-tracking listeners on disconnect (Turbo morph/navigation) so\n  // a morph re-scan or a navigate-away guard never runs against a detached root.\n  #teardownDirtyTracking() {\n    if (this.#boundScanDirty) {\n      this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundScanDirty)\n      this.#boundScanDirty = undefined\n    }\n    if (typeof window !== \"undefined\" && typeof window.removeEventListener === \"function\") {\n      if (this.#boundBeforeUnload) window.removeEventListener(\"beforeunload\", this.#boundBeforeUnload)\n      if (this.#boundBeforeVisit) window.removeEventListener(\"turbo:before-visit\", this.#boundBeforeVisit)\n    }\n    this.#boundBeforeUnload = undefined\n    this.#boundBeforeVisit = undefined\n  }\n\n  // Whether this root owns a show binding (issue #161) or declares cross-root\n  // show targets (issue #164) — the connect() gate, so a component with\n  // neither pays only this probe (the #dirtyTrackingEnabled precedent). A\n  // NESTED root's bindings don't count: its own controller instance syncs them\n  // (issue #15 ownership). The targets attr is checked FIRST — one\n  // getAttribute, cheaper than the binding walk.\n  #showSyncEnabled() {\n    if (this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-show-targets\")) return true\n    // Single-field bindings carry -field; compound all:/any: bindings (issue\n    // #176) carry data-reactive-show and have NO single controlling field, so\n    // both selectors gate the sync.\n    const nodes = this.element.querySelectorAll?.(SHOW_BINDING_SELECTOR) ?? []\n    for (const el of nodes) if (this.#ownsField(el)) return true\n    return false\n  }\n\n  // Re-evaluate every OWNED show binding in one pass (issue #161): read the\n  // controlling field's current value, evaluate the declared literal predicate,\n  // toggle `hidden`. A full pass (not per-target) for the same reason as\n  // #scanDirty — a radio group's deselected radio fires no event — and because\n  // several bindings can hang off one field (the value read is memoized per\n  // pass). A binding whose field can't be resolved, or whose predicate is\n  // malformed, leaves visibility ALONE — a bad binding must never break or\n  // blank the page (client-side default-deny).\n  #syncShow() {\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    const scope = this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-scope\") || null\n    const values = new Map()\n    // A memoized resolver shared by every binding in this pass — a field driving\n    // several bindings (and several DNF terms) reads exactly once. Scope-aware:\n    // a bare field `director` resolves as `[name=\"scope[director]\"]` (issue #180).\n    const fieldValue = (name) => {\n      if (!values.has(name)) values.set(name, this.#showFieldValue(name, owns, scope))\n      return values.get(name)\n    }\n    for (const el of this.element.querySelectorAll(SHOW_BINDING_SELECTOR)) {\n      if (!owns(el)) continue // a nested root's binding is its own controller's job\n\n      // The 0.10 DNF payload (issue #180): data-reactive-show carries\n      // { any: [ [term,…], … ] }. The legacy flat-attr and 0.9.5-compound read\n      // arms live in showPayloadMatches/showBindingMatches for deploy overlap.\n      const payloadRaw = el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-show\")\n      if (payloadRaw !== null) {\n        const match = showPayloadMatches(parseShowCompound(payloadRaw), fieldValue)\n        if (match !== null) this.#applyShowVisibility(el, match, owns, scope)\n        continue\n      }\n\n      // LEGACY flat-attr binding (pre-0.10, deploy overlap — removed in 0.11).\n      const name = el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-show-field\")\n      if (!name) continue\n      const value = fieldValue(name)\n      if (value === null) continue // no owned field with that name — leave it be\n      const match = showBindingMatches(el, value)\n      if (match === null) continue // malformed predicate — warned + skipped\n      this.#applyShowVisibility(el, match, owns, scope)\n    }\n\n    // The cross-root pass (issue #164) shares the same owned-field memo, so a\n    // field driving both an owned binding and an outside target reads once.\n    this.#syncShowTargets(fieldValue)\n  }\n\n  // Toggle `hidden` (and, when the binding declares data-reactive-show-disable,\n  // the `disabled` of every owned named control inside it) from a match result\n  // (issue #180). Disabling a hidden section's controls stops them submitting —\n  // the stale-value fix. A visible section re-enables them. Controls a nested\n  // reactive root owns are left alone (#15 ownership).\n  #applyShowVisibility(el, match, owns, scope) {\n    el.hidden = !match\n    if (el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-show-disable\") !== \"true\") return\n    if (typeof el.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n    for (const control of el.querySelectorAll(\"input[name], select[name], textarea[name]\")) {\n      if (owns(control)) control.disabled = !match\n    }\n    // The element itself may be a named control (a bare field with a binding).\n    if (el.name && owns(el)) el.disabled = !match\n  }\n\n  // Apply the declared cross-root show targets (issue #164) — the visibility\n  // parallel of #applyComputeMirrors. For each declared field: read the OWNED\n  // field's current value (never a nested root's — you can only drive outside\n  // visibility from a field this root owns), then for each \"#id\" → predicate\n  // entry: guard the selector id-only (warn-and-skip; the Ruby helper raised\n  // at declare time — two-sided default-deny), resolve it DOCUMENT-WIDE, and\n  // toggle `hidden`. A target id not on the page is silently skipped (an\n  // unrendered tab pane is normal); a malformed predicate warn-skips its one\n  // target while siblings still apply. With no map declared this is one\n  // getAttribute and out.\n  //\n  // A \"#id\" KEY (issue #209) is a TARGET-KEYED entry instead: its value is the\n  // same DNF payload data-reactive-show holds, folded with per-term owned-field\n  // reads — the multi-field cross-root case. The \"#\" prefix routes unambiguously\n  // (a field name may never start with \"#\"; the Ruby helper raises).\n  #syncShowTargets(fieldValue) {\n    const map = this.#parseShowTargets()\n    for (const [name, targets] of Object.entries(map)) {\n      if (name.startsWith(\"#\")) {\n        this.#applyConditionsTarget(name, targets, fieldValue)\n        continue\n      }\n      if (!targets || typeof targets !== \"object\" || Array.isArray(targets)) continue\n      const value = fieldValue(name)\n      if (value === null) continue // no owned field with that name — leave them be\n      // Every target's terms share this one field, so a constant resolver folds\n      // the group (issue #180): a target's value is a DNF GROUP (terms ANDed).\n      const resolve = () => value\n      for (const [selector, group] of Object.entries(targets)) {\n        if (!guardShowTargetSelector(selector)) continue\n        // 0.10 wire: the value is a DNF GROUP (an array of terms, ANDed).\n        // LEGACY (0.9.5, deploy overlap — DELETE in 0.11): a flat predicate\n        // OBJECT ({ equals/not/in/gte… }) routed through showPredicateMatches.\n        let match\n        if (Array.isArray(group)) {\n          if (group.length === 0) {\n            console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed reactive_show_targets group for ${selector} — skipped`)\n            continue\n          }\n          match = group.every((term) => dnfTermMatches(term, resolve))\n        } else {\n          const legacy = showPredicateMatches(group, value)\n          if (legacy === null) {\n            console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed reactive_show_targets predicate for ${selector} — skipped`)\n            continue\n          }\n          match = legacy\n        }\n        for (const node of document.querySelectorAll(selector)) node.hidden = !match\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Apply ONE target-keyed conditions entry (issue #209): \"#id\" → the DNF\n  // payload { any: [[term,…],…] }, folded by the SAME anyOfAllsMatches as an\n  // in-root reactive_show — each term reads its OWN owned field, a missing\n  // owned field reads as blank (fail-closed, the shared-fixture contract). A\n  // target whose referenced fields are ALL unowned is left alone — the\n  // single-field skip generalized (this root has nothing to evaluate with). A\n  // malformed payload warn-skips its one target while siblings still apply;\n  // the selector guard is the same id-only allowlist as every cross-root arm.\n  #applyConditionsTarget(selector, payload, fieldValue) {\n    if (!guardShowTargetSelector(selector)) return\n    const groups = payload && typeof payload === \"object\" && !Array.isArray(payload) ? payload.any : null\n    const fields = dnfGroupFields(groups)\n    if (fields === null) {\n      console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed reactive_show_targets conditions for ${selector} — skipped`)\n      return\n    }\n    if (fields.every((name) => fieldValue(name) === null)) return // no owned field — leave it be\n    const match = anyOfAllsMatches(groups, fieldValue)\n    if (match === null) return // unreachable after dnfGroupFields, kept fail-closed\n    for (const node of document.querySelectorAll(selector)) node.hidden = !match\n  }\n\n  // The declared cross-root show-target map (issue #164): a JSON object of\n  // { field: { \"#id\": predicate } } from data-reactive-show-targets (emitted\n  // by reactive_show_targets on the root). Absent degrades to {}; malformed\n  // degrades to {} WITH a warn — never a throw (the #parseComputeMirror\n  // contract), but never silent either: the likeliest cause is TWO\n  // reactive_show_targets calls on one root, whose JSON strings Phlex `mix`\n  // space-joined into an unparseable attr. The warn names the fix.\n  #parseShowTargets() {\n    const raw = this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-show-targets\")\n    if (!raw) return {}\n    try {\n      const parsed = JSON.parse(raw)\n      if (parsed && typeof parsed === \"object\" && !Array.isArray(parsed)) return parsed\n    } catch {\n      // fall through to the shared warn below\n    }\n    console.warn(\n      \"[phlex-reactive] malformed data-reactive-show-targets — ignored. \" +\n        \"Did two reactive_show_targets calls collide on one root? Declare every field in ONE call: \" +\n        \"reactive_show_targets(mode: { ... }, kind: { ... })\"\n    )\n    return {}\n  }\n\n  // The current value of the OWNED field controlling a show binding, as the\n  // string the literal predicate compares against. Mirrors #collectFields'\n  // per-kind reads: a checkbox reports its checked state (\"true\"/\"false\" — its\n  // .value is the constant \"on\", and the checkbox wins over the hidden input\n  // Rails pairs with it); a radio group reports the CHECKED radio's value (\"\"\n  // when none is); anything else reports .value first-wins. Returns null when\n  // no owned field carries the name — the caller then leaves visibility alone.\n  #showFieldValue(name, owns, scope) {\n    // Scope (issue #180): a bare field `director` under `data-reactive-scope=\n    // \"form\"` resolves as `[name=\"form[director]\"]`. A name already carrying a\n    // bracket (a raw wire name the author passed) is used verbatim.\n    const domName = scope && !name.includes(\"[\") ? `${scope}[${name}]` : name\n    let sawRadio = false\n    let first = null\n    for (const el of this.element.querySelectorAll(`[name=\"${domName}\"]`)) {\n      if (!owns(el)) continue\n      if (el.type === \"checkbox\") return el.checked ? \"true\" : \"false\"\n      if (el.type === \"radio\") {\n        if (el.checked) return el.value ?? \"\"\n        sawRadio = true\n        continue\n      }\n      first ??= el\n    }\n    if (first) return first.value ?? \"\"\n    return sawRadio ? \"\" : null\n  }\n\n  // Remove the show-sync listeners on disconnect, so a stray event after a\n  // Turbo morph/navigation never re-evaluates against a detached root.\n  #teardownShowSync() {\n    if (!this.#boundSyncShow) return\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncShow)\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"change\", this.#boundSyncShow)\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSyncShow)\n    this.#boundSyncShow = undefined\n  }\n\n  // Whether this root declares an option filter (issue #163) — the connect()\n  // gate. reactive_filter always emits input + option together, so requiring\n  // BOTH also default-denies a half-built hand-authored binding.\n  #filterEnabled() {\n    return !!(\n      this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-filter-input\") &&\n      this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-filter-option\")\n    )\n  }\n\n  // Whether this root opts into the connect-time compute seed (issue #199).\n  // reactive_compute's root binding emits data-reactive-compute-seed=\"true\"; a\n  // root without a compute binding (or with the seed opted out) pays one\n  // attribute read and never seeds. A quick read, evaluated once per connect.\n  #computeSeedEnabled() {\n    return this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-compute-seed\") === \"true\"\n  }\n\n  // Whether a delegated input event came from the NAMED filter input (issue\n  // #163). Anything else — another field's keystroke, a target without\n  // matches() — skips the filter pass (the morph re-sync path bypasses this).\n  #filterInputEvent(event) {\n    const selector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-input\")\n    return !!selector && typeof event.target?.matches === \"function\" && event.target.matches(selector)\n  }\n\n  // Re-apply the filter in one pass (issue #163): lowercase the named input's\n  // current value, toggle `hidden` on every OWNED option by a substring match\n  // against its haystack (data-reactive-filter-text, falling back to the\n  // option's own text), collapse any group whose every contained option is\n  // hidden, and reveal the empty target at 0 visible. A filtered-out option\n  // also loses its listnav highlight so Enter can never pick an invisible row.\n  // No owned input → leave visibility ALONE — a binding that can't resolve\n  // must never break or blank the page (client-side default-deny). All\n  // selectors resolve within this root, skipping nested reactive roots'\n  // elements (issue #15 ownership; the predicate is hoisted once per pass).\n  #syncFilter() {\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n    const inputSelector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-input\")\n    const optionSelector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-option\")\n    if (!inputSelector || !optionSelector) return\n\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    const input = [...this.element.querySelectorAll(inputSelector)].find(owns)\n    if (!input) return\n\n    const query = (input.value ?? \"\").trim().toLowerCase()\n    let visible = 0\n    for (const el of this.element.querySelectorAll(optionSelector)) {\n      if (!owns(el)) continue // a nested root's option is its own controller's job\n      const haystack = (el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-text\") ?? el.textContent ?? \"\").toLowerCase()\n      // An option whose tag is already selected (reactive_tags, issue #203)\n      // stays hidden through every re-filter — clearing the query must not\n      // resurface an already-added tag.\n      const hidden =\n        el.hasAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tags-selected\") || (query !== \"\" && !haystack.includes(query))\n      el.hidden = hidden\n      if (hidden) el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-highlighted\")\n      else visible++\n    }\n\n    const groupSelector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-group\")\n    if (groupSelector) {\n      for (const group of this.element.querySelectorAll(groupSelector)) {\n        if (!owns(group)) continue\n        const contained = [...group.querySelectorAll(optionSelector)].filter(owns)\n        // A group with no options isn't this filter's to decide — server state\n        // stands (it may be a header the app toggles by other means).\n        if (contained.length === 0) continue\n        group.hidden = contained.every((el) => el.hidden)\n      }\n    }\n\n    const emptySelector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-empty\")\n    if (emptySelector) {\n      for (const el of this.element.querySelectorAll(emptySelector)) {\n        if (owns(el)) el.hidden = visible > 0\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Remove the filter-sync listeners on disconnect, so a stray event after a\n  // Turbo morph/navigation never re-filters against a detached root.\n  #teardownFilterSync() {\n    if (!this.#boundSyncFilter) return\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncFilter)\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSyncFilter)\n    this.#boundSyncFilter = undefined\n  }\n\n  // Whether this root declares a tag-chip binding (issue #203) — the connect()\n  // gate and every tags action's first check (an action bound without the root\n  // binding is default-denied, the filter posture).\n  #tagsEnabled() {\n    return !!this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tags-field\")\n  }\n\n  // Whether this root owns at least one JSON-mode nested list (issue #208) —\n  // the connect() gate. A cheap descendant probe: a form without one wires no\n  // input/change listeners. Ownership is re-checked per sync, so a stray match\n  // in a nested reactive root here is harmless (it just arms the listeners).\n  #nestedJsonEnabled() {\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelector !== \"function\") return false\n    return !!this.element.querySelector(\"[data-reactive-nested-json]\")\n  }\n\n  // The hidden input storing the comma-joined value, resolved fresh per use\n  // (a morph replaces nodes — never cache it) and OWNED by this root (issue\n  // #15). null when the selector resolves nothing — every caller then no-ops:\n  // a binding that can't resolve must never break the page.\n  #tagsField() {\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return null\n    const selector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-tags-field\")\n    if (!selector) return null\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    return [...this.element.querySelectorAll(selector)].find(owns) ?? null\n  }\n\n  // Parse the field's comma-joined value into the canonical tag list: split,\n  // trim, drop blanks, dedupe case-insensitively KEEPING the first casing (the\n  // server may have stored a ragged value — the projection normalizes without\n  // rewriting the field, so we never fight server truth).\n  #tagsRead(field) {\n    const seen = new Set()\n    const tags = []\n    for (const part of String(field.value ?? \"\").split(\",\")) {\n      const tag = part.trim()\n      if (tag === \"\" || seen.has(tag.toLowerCase())) continue\n      seen.add(tag.toLowerCase())\n      tags.push(tag)\n    }\n    return tags\n  }\n\n  // Append any NEW tags (trimmed, non-blank, not already present under the\n  // case-insensitive dedupe) and write the field once. Returns whether\n  // anything was actually added — callers only clear the query input then.\n  #tagsAddValues(values) {\n    const field = this.#tagsField()\n    if (!field) return false\n\n    const tags = this.#tagsRead(field)\n    const seen = new Set(tags.map((tag) => tag.toLowerCase()))\n    let added = false\n    for (const value of values) {\n      const tag = String(value ?? \"\").trim()\n      if (tag === \"\" || seen.has(tag.toLowerCase())) continue\n      seen.add(tag.toLowerCase())\n      tags.push(tag)\n      added = true\n    }\n    if (added) this.#tagsWrite(field, tags)\n    return added\n  }\n\n  // The ONE writer: join, store, dispatch a real bubbling `input` on the field\n  // (the set-value + dispatch contract, issue #183 — dirty tracking,\n  // reactive_show, and compute all see the change), then re-project.\n  #tagsWrite(field, tags) {\n    field.value = tags.join(\",\")\n    if (typeof field.dispatchEvent === \"function\") {\n      field.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"input\", { bubbles: true }))\n    }\n    this.#syncTags()\n  }\n\n  // The query input the tags widget resets after a pick — the SAME input that\n  // drives reactive_filter (a tags widget without filtering has none; the\n  // caller then skips the reset).\n  #tagsQueryInput() {\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return null\n    const selector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-input\")\n    if (!selector) return null\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    return [...this.element.querySelectorAll(selector)].find(owns) ?? null\n  }\n\n  // Re-project the hidden field into the DOM (issue #203): rebuild the chip\n  // list from the <template> and mark/hide the options whose tag is already\n  // selected. The field is the single source of truth — this never writes it.\n  #syncTags() {\n    const field = this.#tagsField()\n    if (!field) return\n    const tags = this.#tagsRead(field)\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    this.#tagsRenderChips(tags, owns)\n    this.#tagsMarkOptions(tags, owns)\n  }\n\n  // Rebuild the chip list: clear the container and clone one chip per tag from\n  // the server-owned template. The tag lands in the clone's\n  // [data-reactive-tag-text] node via textContent (XSS-safe by construction —\n  // never innerHTML, the reactive_text posture), and every tagsRemove trigger\n  // in the clone gets the tag as its param. A missing list is a chip-less\n  // widget (fine — the value still maintains); a missing/empty template warns\n  // ONCE (a half-built binding should be loud, but never per-keystroke).\n  #tagsRenderChips(tags, owns) {\n    const list = [...this.element.querySelectorAll(\"[data-reactive-tags-list]\")].find(owns)\n    if (!list) return\n\n    const template = [...this.element.querySelectorAll(\"[data-reactive-tags-template]\")].find(owns)\n    const chipProto = template?.content?.firstElementChild\n    if (!chipProto) {\n      if (!this.#tagsWarnedTemplate) {\n        console.warn(\n          \"[phlex-reactive] reactive_tags: no chip <template data-reactive-tags-template> found in this root — \" +\n            \"chips will not render (the hidden field still updates). Add a template with a \" +\n            \"[data-reactive-tag-text] node and a reactive_tags_remove button.\"\n        )\n        this.#tagsWarnedTemplate = true\n      }\n      return\n    }\n\n    while (list.firstChild) list.removeChild(list.firstChild)\n    for (const tag of tags) {\n      const chip = chipProto.cloneNode(true)\n      chip.setAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tag\", tag)\n      const sink = chip.matches?.(\"[data-reactive-tag-text]\")\n        ? chip\n        : (chip.querySelectorAll?.(\"[data-reactive-tag-text]\") ?? [])[0]\n      if (sink) sink.textContent = tag\n      const removers = [...(chip.querySelectorAll?.('[data-action*=\"reactive#tagsRemove\"]') ?? [])]\n      if (chip.matches?.('[data-action*=\"reactive#tagsRemove\"]')) removers.push(chip)\n      for (const remover of removers) remover.setAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tag-param\", tag)\n      list.appendChild(chip)\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Hide + mark every owned option whose DECLARED tag is already selected\n  // (data-reactive-tags-selected — #syncFilter keeps it hidden through\n  // re-filters), and resurface an option WE hid when its tag is removed. Only\n  // marker-carrying options are un-hidden — an option hidden by the filter or\n  // the server stays as-is. With a filter bound, one final #syncFilter re-folds\n  // groups/empty against the new selected set.\n  #tagsMarkOptions(tags, owns) {\n    const selected = new Set(tags.map((tag) => tag.toLowerCase()))\n    for (const el of this.element.querySelectorAll(\"[role=option]\")) {\n      if (!owns(el)) continue\n      const tag = el.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tag-param\")\n      if (!tag) continue\n      if (selected.has(tag.toLowerCase())) {\n        el.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-tags-selected\", \"true\")\n        el.hidden = true\n        el.removeAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-highlighted\")\n      } else if (el.hasAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tags-selected\")) {\n        el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-tags-selected\")\n        if (!this.#filterEnabled()) el.hidden = false\n      }\n    }\n    if (this.#filterEnabled()) this.#syncFilter()\n  }\n\n  // A fresh index per nested-row add (issue #208) — strictly monotonic and\n  // clock-seeded, so it can never collide with server-rendered integer indexes\n  // (0..n) NOR with a rapid same-millisecond double add.\n  #nextNestedIndex() {\n    this.#nestedIndex = Math.max(this.#nestedIndex + 1, Date.now())\n    return this.#nestedIndex\n  }\n\n  // Swap every NEW_ROW in the clone's name/id/for for the fresh index, so the\n  // row posts as its own `…_attributes[<index>][field]` group and labels keep\n  // pointing at their (renumbered) inputs.\n  #renumberNestedRow(row, index) {\n    const nodes = [row, ...(row.querySelectorAll?.(\"*\") ?? [])]\n    for (const el of nodes) {\n      for (const attr of [\"name\", \"id\", \"for\"]) {\n        const value = el.getAttribute?.(attr)\n        if (value && value.includes(\"NEW_ROW\")) el.setAttribute?.(attr, value.replaceAll(\"NEW_ROW\", String(index)))\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // A half-built nested-rows binding should be loud, but never per-click.\n  #warnNestedOnce(assoc) {\n    if (this.#nestedWarned) return\n    console.warn(\n      `[phlex-reactive] nested rows: no owned [data-reactive-nested-list=\"${assoc}\"] container + ` +\n        `<template data-reactive-nested-template=\"${assoc}\"> pair found in this root — the add ` +\n        \"trigger did nothing. Render both inside the same reactive root (reactive_nested_list / \" +\n        \"reactive_nested_template).\"\n    )\n    this.#nestedWarned = true\n  }\n\n  // Remove the tags morph listener on disconnect, so a stray morph event after\n  // the element leaves the DOM never re-projects against a detached root.\n  #teardownTagsSync() {\n    if (!this.#boundSyncTags) return\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSyncTags)\n    this.#boundSyncTags = undefined\n  }\n\n  // Remove the JSON-mode nested-rows listeners on disconnect (issue #208), so a\n  // stray input/change/morph after the element leaves the DOM never re-syncs\n  // against a detached root.\n  #teardownNestedJsonSync() {\n    if (this.#boundSyncNestedJson) {\n      this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncNestedJson)\n      this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"change\", this.#boundSyncNestedJson)\n      this.#boundSyncNestedJson = undefined\n    }\n    if (this.#boundSeedNestedJson) {\n      this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSeedNestedJson)\n      this.#boundSeedNestedJson = undefined\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Remove the compute seed morph listener on disconnect (issue #199), so a\n  // stray turbo:morph-element after the element leaves the DOM never re-seeds\n  // against a detached root.\n  #teardownComputeSeed() {\n    if (!this.#boundSeedCompute) return\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSeedCompute)\n    this.#boundSeedCompute = undefined\n  }\n\n  // Build the multipart body (issue #34). `token`/`act` are flat fields the\n  // endpoint reads from params[:token]/params[:act]; scalar params nest under\n  // params[<key>] (Rails parses the bracket into params[:params]); each file is\n  // appended under params[<name>] (single) — a second file with the same name\n  // (a `multiple` picker, several inputs sharing a name) is sent as\n  // params[<name>][] so Rails coerces it to an array for a [:file] schema.\n  #buildFormData(token, action, params, files) {\n    const fd = new FormData()\n    fd.append(\"token\", token)\n    fd.append(\"act\", action)\n    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(params)) {\n      this.#appendField(fd, `params[${key}]`, value)\n    }\n    const multiNames = this.#multiFileNames(files)\n    for (const { name, file, multiple } of files) {\n      // params[name][] when the input is `multiple` (array shape even for one\n      // file) OR the name repeats across inputs; otherwise a lone scalar file.\n      const asArray = multiple || multiNames.has(name)\n      const key = asArray ? `params[${name}][]` : `params[${name}]`\n      fd.append(key, file, file.name)\n    }\n    return fd\n  }\n\n  // Append a param leaf to FormData under its bracketed key. FormData carries\n  // only strings, so a NON-scalar param (a nested object or an array) is\n  // bracket-EXPANDED into params[key][sub] / params[key][index][...] fields —\n  // the SAME Rails-form shape the server's expand_bracket_keys / array_values\n  // already parse, so a JSON body and a multipart body coerce identically\n  // (issue #39). Previously a non-scalar was JSON.stringify'd into one\n  // params[key]='<json>' field, which the server received as an un-decodable\n  // String leaf and DROPPED (nested hash -> {}, array -> key removed).\n  //\n  // Arrays use NUMERIC indices (params[key][0], params[key][1]) — required for\n  // an array-of-hash so each element's sub-keys stay grouped and the server's\n  // index-hash sort rebuilds order; params[key][] would collapse them. A scalar\n  // (string/number/boolean) is one string field, mirroring the JSON wire shape\n  // (the server's :boolean/:integer casts read \"true\"/\"42\"). null/undefined is\n  // an empty field. An EMPTY array/object emits NOTHING — FormData can't carry\n  // []/{}, so the key is omitted and the action's keyword default applies (this\n  // differs from the JSON path, where an explicit [] coerces to an empty array).\n  #appendField(fd, key, value) {\n    if (value == null) {\n      fd.append(key, \"\")\n    } else if (Array.isArray(value)) {\n      value.forEach((element, index) => this.#appendField(fd, `${key}[${index}]`, element))\n    } else if (typeof value === \"object\") {\n      for (const [subKey, subValue] of Object.entries(value)) {\n        this.#appendField(fd, `${key}[${subKey}]`, subValue)\n      }\n    } else {\n      fd.append(key, String(value))\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Names that appear more than once across the chosen files (a `multiple`\n  // picker, or several file inputs sharing a name) — those go to params[name][]\n  // so the server sees an array; a lone file stays params[name].\n  #multiFileNames(files) {\n    const counts = new Map()\n    for (const { name } of files) counts.set(name, (counts.get(name) ?? 0) + 1)\n    return new Set([...counts].filter(([, n]) => n > 1).map(([name]) => name))\n  }\n\n  #parseParams(raw) {\n    if (!raw) return {}\n    try {\n      return typeof raw === \"string\" ? JSON.parse(raw) : raw\n    } catch {\n      return {}\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Stimulus typecasts a JSON param to the parsed array already; a raw string\n  // (hand-built attr, non-typecasting harness) is parsed here. Delegates to the\n  // shared parseOps so the controller and the reactive:js stream action (issue\n  // #97) treat a malformed ops attr identically (→ [], never a throw).\n  #parseOps(raw) {\n    return parseOps(raw)\n  }\n\n  // Interpret a [[name, args], ...] op list against this root (issue #95),\n  // scoping each op's targets to this controller's own root via #opTargets (the\n  // nested-reactive-root ownership filter, issue #15). The whitelist + skip\n  // logic lives in the shared applyOps so runOps and the reactive:js stream\n  // action interpret the SAME vocabulary the SAME way (client-side default-deny).\n  #applyOps(list) {\n    applyOps(list, (args) => this.#opTargets(args))\n  }\n\n  // Resolve an op's targets: \"@root\" is this element; a selector resolves\n  // WITHIN this root and excludes nested reactive roots' subtrees (issue #15\n  // semantics — the same nearest-root ownership check the field walk uses);\n  // global: true opts a single op out to document-wide.\n  #opTargets(args) {\n    const to = args.to\n    if (to === \"@root\") return [this.element]\n    if (typeof to !== \"string\" || to === \"\") return []\n    if (args.global) return [...document.querySelectorAll(to)]\n    return [...this.element.querySelectorAll(to)].filter((el) => this.#ownsField(el))\n  }\n\n  // Whether a click-bound checkbox/radio trigger should keep its NATIVE flip\n  // (issue #98). `checked: :keep` means \"let the control flip now\": the\n  // unconditional preventDefault is exactly what suppresses that flip until the\n  // morph, so we skip it — but ONLY for a checkbox/radio (a bare toggle click\n  // has no form-navigation default to lose). Any other element (a button) keeps\n  // preventDefault so an in-form submit can't navigate.\n  #keepsNativeToggle(optimistic, target) {\n    if (optimistic?.checked !== \"keep\") return false\n    const type = target?.type\n    return type === \"checkbox\" || type === \"radio\"\n  }\n\n  // Apply the OPTIMISTIC hint (issue #98) NOW and return its `undo` closure — the\n  // exact ops to replay on FAILURE (optimistic reverts only when the round trip\n  // fails; success leaves server truth or the deliberately-standing hint). It is\n  // the same op vocabulary busy: uses (issue #181) via the one #applyHint engine;\n  // the ONLY optimistic-specific op is checked: :keep (honorChecked = true).\n  #applyOptimistic(optimistic, trigger) {\n    if (!optimistic) return null\n    const undo = this.#applyHint(optimistic, trigger, true)\n    return undo.length ? undo : null\n  }\n\n  // Replay the recorded undo ops on failure (issue #98), guarded by isConnected:\n  // a plain (non-morph) replace can detach this subtree before the failure lands,\n  // and reverting a stale/detached node is pointless (it's gone) — so a\n  // disconnected root skips the revert entirely. On success NOTHING calls this:\n  // the server re-render overwrites the hint, or (reply.remove / streams-only)\n  // the hint is deliberately left standing.\n  #revertOptimistic(inverse) {\n    if (!inverse) return\n    if (!this.element.isConnected) return\n    for (const undo of inverse) undo()\n  }\n\n  // Apply the BUSY state for THIS enqueue (issue #181) and return a `settle`\n  // closure that undoes exactly this enqueue's contribution when the round trip\n  // finishes (success OR any failure). Everything is refcounted so overlapping\n  // enqueues never clobber: A's settle can't clear busy while B is still pending.\n  //\n  // Two layers:\n  //   1. The ALWAYS-ON busy vocabulary (fires for every action, no hint needed):\n  //      data-reactive-busy=\"<action>\" on the trigger and the root (a\n  //      space-separated, per-action refcounted set), aria-busy on the root (a\n  //      pending counter), and data-reactive-busy on any busy_on element scoped\n  //      to this action. Apps style a spinner with pure CSS and zero Ruby.\n  //   2. The busy HINT (only when busy: was declared): the SAME cosmetic op set\n  //      as optimistic: (class ops, hide/show, disable, text), applied through\n  //      the one #applyHint engine and reverted on SETTLE (not on failure). These\n  //      apply at ENQUEUE — never during a debounce quiet period — so a debounced\n  //      input is not disabled mid-typing. checked: is optimistic-only, so busy:\n  //      passes honorChecked = false (the Ruby on() already rejects it — this is\n  //      belt-and-braces).\n  #applyBusy(action, trigger, busy) {\n    this.#markBusy(action, trigger)\n    const undo = busy ? this.#applyHint(busy, trigger, false) : []\n    // Global activity signal (issue #201): this enqueue is one in-flight reactive\n    // operation. Entered HERE (at enqueue, via #applyBusy) so the document marker\n    // covers the whole pending window — queue wait included — exactly like the\n    // per-root busy vocabulary. Exited once in the settle closure below, which\n    // #perform runs in its finally on EVERY exit path (success or any failure).\n    enterReactiveActivity()\n\n    let settled = false\n    return () => {\n      if (settled) return // one settle per enqueue, even if called twice\n      settled = true\n      this.#unmarkBusy(action, trigger)\n      exitReactiveActivity()\n      // Busy reverts on SETTLE regardless of outcome, guarded per element.\n      for (const op of undo) op()\n    }\n  }\n\n  // The ONE pending-state hint engine (issue #181), shared by optimistic: (revert\n  // on failure) and busy: (revert on settle) — they differ only in WHEN the\n  // returned undo ops run, never in the ops themselves. Applies the hint's\n  // cosmetic ops to their targets (the trigger by default, or a `to:` selector\n  // scoped to the root) and returns an array of undo closures. Class ops and\n  // hide/show use a DELTA inverse (undo only what THIS call changed, so it\n  // composes across overlapping enqueues); disable/text use a REFCOUNTED snapshot\n  // (the true pre-hint value survives an overlapping enqueue that would otherwise\n  // capture the already-swapped label as the \"original\"). `honorChecked` gates\n  // checked: :keep — an optimistic-only native-control revert.\n  #applyHint(hint, trigger, honorChecked) {\n    const undo = []\n    for (const el of this.#hintTargets(hint, trigger)) {\n      if (hint.add_class) {\n        // Undo only the classes this op ACTUALLY added — a class already present\n        // was not our change, so reverting it would strip a class the element\n        // legitimately had. Capture the real delta now.\n        const added = hint.add_class.filter((c) => !el.classList.contains(c))\n        el.classList.add(...added)\n        if (added.length) undo.push(() => el.classList.remove(...added))\n      }\n      if (hint.remove_class) {\n        // Symmetric: undo only the classes actually removed.\n        const removed = hint.remove_class.filter((c) => el.classList.contains(c))\n        el.classList.remove(...removed)\n        if (removed.length) undo.push(() => el.classList.add(...removed))\n      }\n      if (hint.toggle_class) {\n        // toggle_class is its own inverse regardless of prior state.\n        hint.toggle_class.forEach((c) => el.classList.toggle(c))\n        undo.push(() => hint.toggle_class.forEach((c) => el.classList.toggle(c)))\n      }\n      if (hint.hide) {\n        el.hidden = true\n        undo.push(() => (el.hidden = false))\n      }\n      if (hint.show) {\n        el.hidden = false\n        undo.push(() => (el.hidden = true))\n      }\n    }\n\n    // disable/text swap the TRIGGER (a `to:` retargets only the class/hide/show\n    // ops above — disable/text are inherently trigger affordances). Refcounted so\n    // overlapping enqueues restore correctly.\n    if (trigger && (hint.disable || hint.text != null)) {\n      undo.push(this.#applyTextDisable(hint, trigger))\n    }\n\n    // checked: :keep — the native flip already happened on the trigger; record\n    // the inverse (flip it back) so a revert restores the control's state.\n    if (honorChecked && hint.checked === \"keep\" && trigger && \"checked\" in trigger) {\n      const flipped = trigger.checked\n      undo.push(() => (trigger.checked = !flipped))\n    }\n\n    return undo\n  }\n\n  // The elements a hint's class/hide/show ops apply to: the `to:` selector\n  // (resolved like an op target — \"@root\" is the root, a selector is scoped to\n  // this root's owned matches) or, with no `to:`, the trigger itself.\n  #hintTargets(hint, trigger) {\n    if (hint.to == null) return trigger ? [trigger] : []\n    return this.#opTargets({ to: hint.to })\n  }\n\n  // Swap the trigger's disabled/innerHTML for a pending hint, snapshotting the\n  // ORIGINAL once per trigger (refcounted so an overlapping enqueue never\n  // snapshots the already-swapped \"Saving…\" as the original), and return the undo\n  // closure. text swaps innerHTML (issue #181), NOT textContent: a composite\n  // trigger like `<button><svg/> Save</button>` has child nodes, and\n  // textContent = \"Saving…\" would DESTROY the icon; innerHTML preserves the\n  // markup structure and restores it byte-for-byte.\n  #applyTextDisable(hint, trigger) {\n    const snap = this.#textDisableSnapshots.get(trigger)\n    if (snap) {\n      snap.count++\n    } else {\n      this.#textDisableSnapshots.set(trigger, {\n        count: 1,\n        disabled: trigger.disabled,\n        html: trigger.innerHTML,\n        hadText: hint.text != null,\n        swappedTo: hint.text,\n      })\n    }\n\n    if (hint.disable) trigger.disabled = true\n    if (hint.text != null) trigger.innerHTML = hint.text\n\n    return () => this.#restoreTextDisable(trigger, hint)\n  }\n\n  // Layer 1 — the always-on busy markers. Trigger + root carry the action token;\n  // the root's counter drives aria-busy; busy_on elements scoped to this action\n  // light up. Refcounts (#busyActions, #busyPending) so overlapping requests\n  // don't clear each other.\n  #markBusy(action, trigger) {\n    this.#setBusyToken(trigger, action, +1)\n    this.#setBusyToken(this.element, action, +1)\n\n    this.#busyActions.set(action, (this.#busyActions.get(action) ?? 0) + 1)\n    if (this.#busyPending++ === 0) this.element.setAttribute(\"aria-busy\", \"true\")\n\n    for (const el of this.#busyOnTargets(action)) this.#setBusyToken(el, action, +1)\n  }\n\n  #unmarkBusy(action, trigger) {\n    this.#setBusyToken(trigger, action, -1)\n    this.#setBusyToken(this.element, action, -1)\n\n    const count = (this.#busyActions.get(action) ?? 1) - 1\n    if (count <= 0) this.#busyActions.delete(action)\n    else this.#busyActions.set(action, count)\n\n    if (--this.#busyPending <= 0) {\n      this.#busyPending = 0\n      this.element.removeAttribute(\"aria-busy\")\n    }\n\n    for (const el of this.#busyOnTargets(action)) this.#setBusyToken(el, action, -1)\n  }\n\n  // Add (+1) or remove (-1) `action` from an element's space-separated\n  // data-reactive-busy token set, refcounted PER ELEMENT+ACTION so two queued\n  // requests of the same action on the same element don't drop the token early\n  // (and two DIFFERENT actions both keep their token — the set never clobbers).\n  // The attribute is removed only when the set empties. No-op on a nullish/\n  // detached element (a morph may have replaced the trigger before settle).\n  #setBusyToken(el, action, delta) {\n    if (!el || typeof el.getAttribute !== \"function\") return\n\n    const counts = (this.#busyTokenCounts.get(el) ?? new Map())\n    const next = (counts.get(action) ?? 0) + delta\n    if (next <= 0) counts.delete(action)\n    else counts.set(action, next)\n\n    if (counts.size === 0) {\n      this.#busyTokenCounts.delete(el)\n      el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-busy\")\n      return\n    }\n    this.#busyTokenCounts.set(el, counts)\n    el.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-busy\", [...counts.keys()].join(\" \"))\n  }\n\n  // busy_on elements scoped to THIS action, owned by this root (not a nested\n  // reactive root's, issue #15). data-reactive-busy-on=\"<action>\" is the marker\n  // busy_on(:action) emits.\n  #busyOnTargets(action) {\n    const nodes = this.element.querySelectorAll?.(\"[data-reactive-busy-on]\") ?? []\n    return [...nodes].filter(\n      (el) => el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-busy-on\") === action && this.#ownsField(el),\n    )\n  }\n\n  // Restore the trigger's disabled/innerHTML from its snapshot when the LAST\n  // enqueue for that trigger settles (refcount → 0). GUARDED: skip a disconnected\n  // trigger (a plain replace detached it — the node is gone), and do NOT restore\n  // the label if it no longer equals what we swapped IN (a morph rendered a new\n  // server label — clobbering it with the old markup would fight server truth).\n  // The comparison + restore both use innerHTML so a composite trigger (icon +\n  // label) round-trips its full markup, not a flattened text run (issue #181).\n  #restoreTextDisable(trigger, hint) {\n    const snap = this.#textDisableSnapshots.get(trigger)\n    if (!snap) return\n    if (--snap.count > 0) return // another enqueue for this trigger is still pending\n    this.#textDisableSnapshots.delete(trigger)\n\n    if (!trigger.isConnected) return // detached — nothing to restore\n\n    if (hint.disable) trigger.disabled = snap.disabled\n    if (snap.hadText && trigger.innerHTML === snap.swappedTo) trigger.innerHTML = snap.html\n  }\n\n  // Deploy-overlap read shim (issue #181): a page still rendered by the PREVIOUS\n  // gem emits the old data-reactive-loading-param, whose `class:` key is the busy\n  // vocabulary's `add_class:`. Remap it so an in-flight legacy page keeps its\n  // pending affordance through the one #applyHint engine. Returns null for the\n  // common (no legacy param) case so the fast path is untouched. Drop this shim\n  // one minor after #181 ships (no page can still carry the old attr by then).\n  #legacyLoadingHint(loading) {\n    if (!loading || typeof loading !== \"object\") return null\n    const { class: cls, ...rest } = loading\n    return cls == null ? loading : { ...rest, add_class: cls }\n  }\n\n  // The action path comes from a <meta> tag that is fixed for the page's life,\n  // so resolve it once per controller and cache it — avoids a querySelector on\n  // every dispatch (this runs on the request hot path, once per click/keystroke\n  // round trip). Cached on the instance, so a fresh connect() (after a Turbo\n  // navigation swaps the element) re-reads it.\n  #actionPath() {\n    return (this.#actionPathCache ??=\n      document.querySelector('meta[name=\"phlex-reactive-action-path\"]')?.content ||\n      \"/reactive/actions\")\n  }\n\n  // The per-request timeout in ms (issue #101), from a page-stable\n  // <meta name=\"phlex-reactive-timeout\"> (default 30000). Cached per-controller\n  // like the action path. Parsed defensively: a missing/blank/non-positive/NaN\n  // value falls back to the default, so a typo'd meta can never disable the\n  // timeout (which would reintroduce the wedged-queue bug) or set a zero/negative\n  // window that aborts instantly.\n  #timeoutMs() {\n    if (this.#timeoutMsCache != null) return this.#timeoutMsCache\n    const raw = document.querySelector('meta[name=\"phlex-reactive-timeout\"]')?.content\n    const ms = Number(raw)\n    return (this.#timeoutMsCache = Number.isFinite(ms) && ms > 0 ? ms : 30000)\n  }\n\n  // CSRF token and connection id are read LIVE (not cached) on purpose: Rails\n  // can rotate the CSRF token, and the pgbus connection id changes on an SSE\n  // reconnect — caching either would send a stale value. A single querySelector\n  // per request is cheap next to the round trip itself.\n  #csrfToken() {\n    return document.querySelector('meta[name=\"csrf-token\"]')?.content ?? \"\"\n  }\n\n  // The pgbus SSE connection id, if the page is subscribed to a stream. pgbus\n  // reflects it onto the <pgbus-stream-source connection-id=\"…\"> element (and\n  // apps may mirror it to <meta name=\"pgbus-connection-id\">). Returns null\n  // when not present (e.g. no pgbus, or no active subscription) — the header\n  // is then simply omitted.\n  #connectionId() {\n    return (\n      document.querySelector(\"pgbus-stream-source[connection-id]\")?.getAttribute(\"connection-id\") ||\n      document.querySelector('meta[name=\"pgbus-connection-id\"]')?.content ||\n      null\n    )\n  }\n}\n"
+    "import { Controller } from \"@hotwired/stimulus\"\n// Import the BARE specifier the engine already pins (phlex/reactive/confirm),\n// NOT a relative \"./confirm.js\" (issue #57). Under importmap-rails + Propshaft\n// the controller is served at its DIGESTED url; a relative sibling import is\n// left untouched (Propshaft rewrites only RAILS_ASSET_URL(...), and the import\n// map resolves ONLY bare specifiers), so \"./confirm.js\" resolves against the\n// digested controller url → an undigested /assets/.../confirm.js that 404s, and\n// the throwing import takes down every Stimulus controller on the page. The\n// bare specifier resolves to the digested asset through the import map, and\n// bundlers/bun resolve it the same way they already resolve\n// \"phlex/reactive/reactive_controller\" (see tsconfig.json paths for the tests).\nimport { confirmResolver } from \"phlex/reactive/confirm\"\n// Client-side computes (data bindings): the reducer registry behind\n// reactive_compute. Bare specifier for the same import-map reason as confirm.\nimport { computeReducer } from \"phlex/reactive/compute\"\n// Conditional-confirm predicates (issue #179): the registry behind the\n// confirm: { predicate: \"name\" } escape hatch. Same bare-specifier reason.\nimport { confirmPredicate } from \"phlex/reactive/confirm_predicate\"\n\n// The ONE generic controller behind every reactive Phlex component. It\n// replaces the per-feature Stimulus controllers you'd otherwise hand-write\n// for interactive components. A component declares its actions in Ruby (via\n// Phlex::Reactive::Component); this controller binds DOM events to a single\n// HTTP round trip and lets Turbo apply the re-rendered component back in\n// (replace by default; method=\"morph\" — Response.morph — preserves focus).\n//\n// Wire format (client -> server), POST <action path>, turbo-stream Accept:\n//   { token: \"<signed identity>\", act: \"<action>\", params: {...} }   (JSON)\n// (`act`, not `action`: `action` is a reserved Rails routing param.)\n// The token is a MessageVerifier-signed { component, gid } — NO state is sent.\n// When the root holds a chosen <input type=\"file\">, the SAME payload is sent as\n// multipart FormData instead (token/act flat, params bracketed, files appended)\n// so an upload reaches the action (issue #34) — only the encoding differs.\n// The response is a <turbo-stream> that replaces the component by its id.\n//\n// Server -> client live updates use the SAME element id, pushed over the\n// stream transport (pgbus SSE / Action Cable) via the Streamable\n// .broadcast_* methods — so a click and a background broadcast converge on\n// one re-render unit.\n//\n// Custom turbo-stream action: the server tells the actor to full-navigate\n// (e.g. the record's slug changed and the current URL is now dead). It rides a\n// 200 turbo-stream — NOT an HTTP 3xx — so it never trips the response.redirected\n// bail below (which still correctly catches real auth/CSRF redirects). Registered\n// once on the Turbo global (no @hotwired/turbo import — the gem uses window.Turbo\n// everywhere, and a named import is unreliable under importmap/esbuild).\nexport function registerReactiveVisit() {\n  const actions = window.Turbo?.StreamActions\n  if (!actions || actions[\"reactive:visit\"]) return\n  actions[\"reactive:visit\"] = function () {\n    const url = this.getAttribute(\"data-url\")\n    if (url) window.Turbo.visit(url, { action: \"advance\" })\n  }\n}\n\n// Custom turbo-stream action: a TOKEN-ONLY refresh (issue #30). A partial\n// update (Response.streams / reply.streams) re-renders only PART of a component\n// — so there's no full-self replace to carry the next signed token. The server\n// instead emits `<turbo-stream action=\"reactive:token\" target=\"<id>\"\n// data-reactive-token-value=\"<fresh>\">`. #perform's #extractToken already reads\n// the token out of the response body for the NEXT queued request; this handler\n// keeps the DOM in sync too, writing the attribute onto the root element so the\n// `tokenValue` fallback stays fresh. It's a pure attribute set — no node is\n// replaced — so a focused <input> + caret survive (the whole point: update a\n// total cell without tearing down the field the user is typing in).\nexport function registerReactiveToken() {\n  const actions = window.Turbo?.StreamActions\n  if (!actions || actions[\"reactive:token\"]) return\n  actions[\"reactive:token\"] = function () {\n    const token = this.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-token-value\")\n    const target = this.getAttribute(\"target\")\n    if (!token || !target) return\n    const el = document.getElementById(target)\n    // Stimulus reads the token via the `token` value -> data-reactive-token-value.\n    if (el) el.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-token-value\", token)\n  }\n}\n\n// Custom turbo-stream action: SERVER-PUSHED client DOM ops (issue #97). The\n// server-side sibling of on_client's runOps — a reply (reply.<verb>.js(ops)) or\n// a broadcast (Streamable.broadcast_js_to) emits\n//\n//   <turbo-stream action=\"reactive:js\" target=\"<optional root id>\"\n//                 data-reactive-ops=\"[[op, args], ...]\"></turbo-stream>\n//\n// and Turbo invokes this handler with `this` bound to that <turbo-stream>\n// element. It runs the ops through the SAME frozen CLIENT_OPS whitelist as\n// runOps (client-side default-deny — an unknown op warns + is skipped), so a\n// forged/stale ops attr can never break the page or execute anything off the\n// vocabulary. NO token, NO fetch — a pure local DOM mutation.\n//\n// `target` (optional, an element id) scopes op resolution to that root: \"@root\"\n// resolves to the target element itself and a selector resolves WITHIN it.\n// Without a target, ops resolve document-wide (a broadcast op like\n// add_class(\"#bell\", ...) that isn't anchored to one component). The op stream\n// is emitted AFTER all render streams in the reply (the endpoint appends it\n// last), so focus(\"[name=next]\") sees the freshly morphed DOM — Turbo applies\n// streams in document order.\nexport function registerReactiveJs() {\n  const actions = window.Turbo?.StreamActions\n  if (!actions || actions[\"reactive:js\"]) return\n  actions[\"reactive:js\"] = function () {\n    const list = parseOps(this.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-ops\"))\n    if (!list.length) return\n    const targetId = this.getAttribute(\"target\")\n    // With a target: scope to that element (missing → no-op). Without: document.\n    const root = targetId ? document.getElementById(targetId) : null\n    if (targetId && !root) return\n    applyOps(list, (args) => streamOpTargets(args, root))\n  }\n}\n\n// --- Deferred reply segments (issue #165) ----------------------------------\n// The client half of reply.defer: the server's reply carries a\n// `<turbo-stream action=\"reactive:defer\" target=\"<id>\">` directive and the\n// real render reaches the SAME actor later — via a parallel fetch (pull) or a\n// pgbus one-shot stream (push). Everything here is MODULE-level, deliberately\n// OFF the per-controller request queue: the whole point is that the expensive\n// segment never blocks the actor's next action.\n//\n// Supersession is the correctness core: pendingDefers keys one in-flight\n// delivery per target id. A newer directive for the same target aborts the\n// older fetch (or removes the older stream source), and an arrival applies\n// ONLY while its entry is still current — so a fast typist's debounced\n// keystrokes can never paint stale totals over fresh ones.\nconst pendingDefers = new Map()\n\n// Register/drop a target's pending defer entry, keeping the GLOBAL activity\n// counter (issue #201) balanced against the Map's ACTUAL key presence — a defer\n// is one in-flight reactive operation for as long as its registry entry lives.\n// Keying enter/exit on the presence TRANSITION (not the raw call) means a\n// re-set of an already-present key, or a delete of an absent one, can never\n// unbalance the count. Both the fetch (pull) and stream (push) lane route their\n// registry mutations through here, so the push lane is counted correctly even\n// though its DOM pending markers clear by a node swap, not clearDeferPending.\nfunction setPendingDefer(targetId, entry) {\n  const isNew = !pendingDefers.has(targetId)\n  pendingDefers.set(targetId, entry)\n  if (isNew) enterReactiveActivity()\n}\n\nfunction deletePendingDefer(targetId) {\n  if (pendingDefers.delete(targetId)) exitReactiveActivity()\n}\n\n// Test seam: clear the module-level registry between unit tests. Also resets\n// the one-shot settle-listener guard so a test's fresh document re-registers\n// the turbo:before-stream-render settler. Does NOT touch the activity counter —\n// resetReactiveActivity is its own seam (the two are reset together in tests).\nexport function resetReactiveDefers() {\n  pendingDefers.clear()\n  deferStreamSettleRegistered = false\n}\n\n// Test seam: the `via` of a target's pending defer entry (or undefined) — lets\n// tests assert an entry was SETTLED (dropped) on arrival without exposing the\n// Map. Not used by the runtime.\nexport function pendingDeferVia(targetId) {\n  return pendingDefers.get(targetId)?.via\n}\n\nlet deferStreamSettleRegistered = false\n\nexport function registerReactiveDefer() {\n  const actions = window.Turbo?.StreamActions\n  if (!actions || actions[\"reactive:defer\"]) return\n  actions[\"reactive:defer\"] = function () {\n    const target = this.getAttribute(\"target\")\n    if (!target) return\n    if (this.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-via\") === \"stream\") {\n      startStreamDefer(target, this)\n      return\n    }\n    const token = this.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-token\")\n    if (!token) return\n    startFetchDefer(target, token)\n  }\n\n  // Settle a STREAM-lane pendingDefers entry when its arrival lands: the job's\n  // broadcast is a turbo-stream that replaces the target (and removes the\n  // source). A document-level turbo:before-stream-render hook drops the Map\n  // entry for a stream target the moment a stream renders against it — so the\n  // entry never outlives the delivery (the fetch lane settles inline; the\n  // stream lane's arrival is a broadcast this controller doesn't await, so it\n  // needs this hook). Registered once; a no-op without document.\n  if (!deferStreamSettleRegistered && typeof document !== \"undefined\" && document.addEventListener) {\n    deferStreamSettleRegistered = true\n    document.addEventListener(\"turbo:before-stream-render\", settleStreamDeferOnRender)\n  }\n}\n\n// Drop a stream-lane pendingDefers entry when a turbo-stream renders against\n// its target id (the job's replace) OR removes its source element. Keyed by the\n// stream's target so an unrelated stream never settles a defer. Pure Map\n// cleanup — the DOM apply is Turbo's; this only releases our bookkeeping.\nfunction settleStreamDeferOnRender(event) {\n  const streamEl = event.target\n  const target = streamEl?.getAttribute?.(\"target\")\n  if (!target) return\n  // The arrival replaces #<target>; the source removal targets\n  // reactive-defer-src-<target>. Either signals the stream delivered.\n  const targetId = target.startsWith(\"reactive-defer-src-\")\n    ? target.slice(\"reactive-defer-src-\".length)\n    : target\n  const entry = pendingDefers.get(targetId)\n  if (entry?.via === \"stream\") deletePendingDefer(targetId)\n}\n\n// The pull lane: mark the target pending and POST the signed defer token to\n// the defer endpoint, in parallel with everything else the page is doing.\nfunction startFetchDefer(targetId, token) {\n  const el = document.getElementById(targetId)\n  if (!el) {\n    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] reactive:defer target #${targetId} is not on the page — skipped`)\n    return\n  }\n  supersedeDefer(targetId)\n  markDeferPending(el)\n  const entry = { via: \"fetch\", abort: new AbortController(), timedOut: false }\n  setPendingDefer(targetId, entry)\n  performDeferFetch(targetId, entry, token)\n}\n\n// The push lane: subscribe a <pgbus-stream-source> to the server-signed\n// one-shot stream. Arrival + teardown need no client logic — the job's\n// broadcast carries the replace AND a remove of this source element (its\n// disconnectedCallback closes the SSE connection). since-id=0 on a fresh key\n// replays a broadcast that beat the subscription (the durable-lane guarantee).\nfunction startStreamDefer(targetId, directive) {\n  const el = document.getElementById(targetId)\n  if (!el) {\n    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] reactive:defer target #${targetId} is not on the page — skipped`)\n    return\n  }\n  const src = directive.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-src\")\n  if (!src) return\n  if (!globalThis.customElements?.get?.(\"pgbus-stream-source\")) {\n    // The server chose push on server-side capability, but this page has no\n    // pgbus client. Degrade to the fetch lane using the fallback token the push\n    // directive carries — rather than dead-end the shimmer. No token (an app on\n    // a bespoke transport) is a loud no-op.\n    const fallbackToken = directive.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-token\")\n    if (fallbackToken) {\n      startFetchDefer(targetId, fallbackToken)\n      return\n    }\n    console.error(\n      \"[phlex-reactive] reactive:defer via=stream but <pgbus-stream-source> is not registered \" +\n        \"and no fallback token was provided — is the pgbus client loaded on this page?\",\n    )\n    return\n  }\n  supersedeDefer(targetId)\n  markDeferPending(el)\n  const source = document.createElement(\"pgbus-stream-source\")\n  // Deterministic id: the JOB's broadcast removes it by this exact id — the\n  // subscription tears itself down with the payload it delivered.\n  source.id = deferSourceId(targetId)\n  source.setAttribute(\"src\", src)\n  source.setAttribute(\"since-id\", directive.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-since-id\") ?? \"0\")\n  source.setAttribute(\"hidden\", \"\")\n  document.body.appendChild(source)\n  // Record only { via } — NOT a strong ref to the source element. The job's\n  // broadcast removes the source by its deterministic id (its\n  // disconnectedCallback closes the SSE), so holding srcEl here would pin the\n  // detached node in this module-level Map forever (a leak). Supersession\n  // re-finds the element by id instead. The entry is dropped on\n  // supersession or when the arriving broadcast replaces the target (a\n  // turbo:before-stream-render hook, below).\n  setPendingDefer(targetId, { via: \"stream\" })\n}\n\n// The deterministic id of a target's one-shot <pgbus-stream-source>.\nfunction deferSourceId(targetId) {\n  return `reactive-defer-src-${targetId}`\n}\n\nasync function performDeferFetch(targetId, entry, token) {\n  // Bound the wait like the action fetch (issue #101) — a hung defer must not\n  // shimmer forever. A manual timer (not AbortSignal.timeout) so the catch can\n  // tell a TIMEOUT (fail loudly) from a SUPERSEDED abort (stay silent).\n  const timer = setTimeout(() => {\n    entry.timedOut = true\n    entry.abort.abort()\n  }, deferTimeoutMs())\n\n  // The timeout is cleared ONLY after the body is fully read (below), not the\n  // moment headers arrive — a server that streams headers then stalls the body\n  // must still abort, or the shimmer hangs forever (the abort signal covers the\n  // whole fetch + body read, mirroring #perform's AbortSignal.timeout).\n  let response\n  try {\n    response = await fetch(deferPath(), {\n      method: \"POST\",\n      headers: {\n        Accept: \"text/vnd.turbo-stream.html\",\n        \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\",\n        \"X-CSRF-Token\": deferCsrfToken(),\n      },\n      body: JSON.stringify({ token }),\n      credentials: \"same-origin\",\n      signal: entry.abort.signal,\n    })\n  } catch (error) {\n    clearTimeout(timer)\n    if (pendingDefers.get(targetId) !== entry) return // superseded — silent\n    console.error(\"[phlex-reactive] deferred render failed\", error)\n    failDefer(targetId, token)\n    return\n  }\n  if (pendingDefers.get(targetId) !== entry) {\n    clearTimeout(timer)\n    return // superseded mid-flight\n  }\n\n  if (response.status === 204) {\n    clearTimeout(timer)\n    // render? false — keep the current content, just clear the pending state.\n    settleDefer(targetId)\n    return\n  }\n  if (!response.ok) {\n    clearTimeout(timer)\n    console.error(`[phlex-reactive] deferred render failed: HTTP ${response.status}`)\n    failDefer(targetId, token, response.status)\n    return\n  }\n\n  let html\n  try {\n    html = await response.text()\n  } catch (error) {\n    clearTimeout(timer)\n    if (pendingDefers.get(targetId) !== entry) return\n    console.error(\"[phlex-reactive] deferred render failed reading the body\", error)\n    failDefer(targetId, token)\n    return\n  }\n  clearTimeout(timer)\n  if (pendingDefers.get(targetId) !== entry) return // superseded during read\n\n  settleDefer(targetId)\n  // A normal replace/morph of the target — the fresh root carries no pending\n  // markers and a fresh action token, so the component lands interactive.\n  window.Turbo.renderStreamMessage(html)\n}\n\n// Abort/unsubscribe whatever delivery is in flight for this target. The\n// deleted entry makes every late arrival fail its identity check — stale\n// content can never paint.\nfunction supersedeDefer(targetId) {\n  const existing = pendingDefers.get(targetId)\n  if (!existing) return\n  deletePendingDefer(targetId)\n  if (existing.via === \"fetch\") existing.abort.abort()\n  // Stream lane: re-find the old source by its deterministic id and remove it\n  // (unsubscribe) — we deliberately don't hold a strong ref to the detached\n  // node. Its disconnectedCallback closes the SSE.\n  else document.getElementById(deferSourceId(targetId))?.remove?.()\n}\n\nfunction markDeferPending(el) {\n  el.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-pending\", \"true\")\n  el.setAttribute(\"aria-busy\", \"true\")\n}\n\nfunction clearDeferPending(el) {\n  el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-defer-pending\")\n  el.removeAttribute(\"aria-busy\")\n}\n\n// Success/204: drop the registry entry, clear pending, and clear any prior\n// defer failure marker (recovery resets error-driven CSS, issue #100 style).\nfunction settleDefer(targetId) {\n  deletePendingDefer(targetId)\n  const el = document.getElementById(targetId)\n  if (!el) return\n  clearDeferPending(el)\n  el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-error\")\n}\n\n// Failure: clear pending (the shimmer must not lie), mark the root\n// (data-reactive-error=\"defer\" — style it in pure CSS), and emit a bubbling\n// reactive:error whose retry() re-enters the defer fetch with the SAME token\n// (still valid inside the TTL; an expired token 400s into this same path).\nfunction failDefer(targetId, token, status) {\n  deletePendingDefer(targetId)\n  const el = document.getElementById(targetId)\n  if (!el) return\n  clearDeferPending(el)\n  el.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-error\", \"defer\")\n  const retry = () => {\n    const fresh = document.getElementById(targetId)\n    if (!fresh) {\n      console.warn(\"[phlex-reactive] defer retry() ignored — the target left the DOM\")\n      return\n    }\n    fresh.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-error\")\n    startFetchDefer(targetId, token)\n  }\n  el.dispatchEvent(\n    new CustomEvent(\"reactive:error\", {\n      bubbles: true,\n      composed: true,\n      detail: { kind: \"defer\", target: targetId, status, retry },\n    }),\n  )\n}\n\nfunction deferPath() {\n  return document.querySelector('meta[name=\"phlex-reactive-defer-path\"]')?.content || \"/reactive/defer\"\n}\n\n// CSRF is read LIVE per request (Rails can rotate it) — same contract as the\n// controller's #csrfToken.\nfunction deferCsrfToken() {\n  return document.querySelector('meta[name=\"csrf-token\"]')?.content ?? \"\"\n}\n\n// Same page-stable meta + default as the controller's #timeoutMs (issue #101),\n// parsed defensively so a typo'd meta can never disable the bound.\nfunction deferTimeoutMs() {\n  const raw = document.querySelector('meta[name=\"phlex-reactive-timeout\"]')?.content\n  const ms = Number(raw)\n  return Number.isFinite(ms) && ms > 0 ? ms : 30000\n}\n\n// Document-level self-dismissing flashes (issue #100). A flash rendered with\n// dismiss_after: carries data-reactive-dismiss-after=\"<ms>\"; after the timeout\n// it removes itself. This is deliberately NOT a Stimulus controller — the flash\n// container is a plain host-app div (Response#flash appends into it) with no\n// controller attached, so nothing would honor the attr. A document-level scan\n// on turbo:before-stream-render (which fires for EVERY <turbo-stream> render —\n// a reply AND a broadcast) schedules removal for any newly-arrived dismissing\n// flash. Each is marked data-reactive-dismiss-scheduled so re-scans (a later\n// stream render) never double-schedule the same node. Registered once; the\n// guard flag makes a second call a no-op (bun imports the module once per run).\nlet dismissRegistered = false\nexport function registerReactiveDismiss() {\n  if (dismissRegistered) return\n  if (typeof document === \"undefined\" || !document.addEventListener) return\n  dismissRegistered = true\n  // turbo:before-stream-render fires BEFORE the stream is applied — and Turbo\n  // then does `await nextRepaint(); await event.detail.render(this)`, so a bare\n  // setTimeout(0) can run BEFORE the node is inserted (observed under Falcon).\n  // WRAP event.detail.render instead: run Turbo's own render, then scan once it\n  // has resolved — timing-independent and correct on every server. The event\n  // fires for EVERY <turbo-stream> (a reply AND a broadcast), so both delivery\n  // paths self-clean. detail.render may be absent on exotic streams — guard it.\n  document.addEventListener(\"turbo:before-stream-render\", wrapStreamRenderForDismiss)\n}\n\n// Chain the dismissing-flash scan after Turbo's own stream render resolves, so\n// the scan sees the freshly-inserted node. Idempotent per event (marks\n// detail.render as already-wrapped) and defensive if detail/render is missing.\nfunction wrapStreamRenderForDismiss(event) {\n  const detail = event.detail\n  const original = detail?.render\n  if (typeof original !== \"function\" || original.__reactiveDismissWrapped) {\n    // No render to wrap (or already wrapped) — fall back to a post-repaint scan.\n    if (typeof requestAnimationFrame === \"function\") requestAnimationFrame(scheduleReactiveDismissals)\n    else setTimeout(scheduleReactiveDismissals, 0)\n    return\n  }\n  const wrapped = async (streamElement) => {\n    await original(streamElement)\n    scheduleReactiveDismissals()\n  }\n  wrapped.__reactiveDismissWrapped = true\n  detail.render = wrapped\n}\n\n// Scan for un-scheduled dismissing flashes and schedule each one's removal.\n// Kept a module function so the scan logic is testable and re-run on every\n// stream render.\nfunction scheduleReactiveDismissals() {\n  const flashes = document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-reactive-dismiss-after]\")\n  for (const el of flashes) {\n    if (el.hasAttribute(\"data-reactive-dismiss-scheduled\")) continue\n    const ms = Number(el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-dismiss-after\"))\n    if (!Number.isFinite(ms) || ms <= 0) continue\n    el.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-dismiss-scheduled\", \"\")\n    setTimeout(() => el.remove(), ms)\n  }\n}\n\n// Test seam: reset the one-time registration guard so a fresh document stub in\n// the next test registers its own listener (bun runs all specs in one process).\nexport function __resetReactiveDismissForTest() {\n  dismissRegistered = false\n}\n\n// Reactive effects (issue #215): animate ENTER (append/prepend), EXIT (remove)\n// and UPDATE (replace/update, plain or morph) when a <turbo-stream> renders.\n// Document-level and render-wrapping like the dismiss hook above, so ONE\n// interceptor covers both delivery paths (a reply and a broadcast). Strictly\n// data-driven and default-deny: the per-call data-reactive-effect on the\n// stream element wins (\"off\" suppresses), else the carrier element's\n// data-reactive-effect-<hook> — the DOM target for exit/update, the INCOMING\n// template root for enter. No attribute → no work; unknown names and\n// malformed legs warn + skip (a newer or forged attr must never break the\n// page). prefers-reduced-motion disables everything (the shipped CSS is also\n// media-wrapped — defense in depth).\n//\n// Timing:\n//   * exit — the animation runs BEFORE Turbo's render (the removal), awaited\n//     via animationend/transitionend with a timeout fallback; a ZERO computed\n//     duration (no effects CSS loaded, reduced-motion CSS gate) skips the wait\n//     entirely, so a missing stylesheet can never freeze a removal.\n//   * enter/update — Turbo renders first, then the effect class is applied to\n//     the inserted/updated element(s) and removed on settle (fire-and-forget).\n//     Re-applying an update effect restarts it (class off → reflow → on).\n//\n// A named effect maps to the shipped CSS class reactive-fx--<name>-<hook>\n// (app/assets/stylesheets/phlex/reactive/effects.css); \"random\" picks a\n// built-in per application; a \"[\"-prefixed value is a custom\n// [during, from, to] class-legs triple (the #96/#186 vocabulary), run with\n// runTransition's add → frame → swap → settle choreography.\nconst EFFECT_HOOKS = Object.freeze({\n  append: \"enter\",\n  prepend: \"enter\",\n  replace: \"update\",\n  update: \"update\",\n  remove: \"exit\",\n})\nconst EFFECT_BUILT_INS = Object.freeze([\"fade\", \"slide\", \"scale\", \"highlight\", \"shake\"])\n// Marks an incoming template root so the post-render scan finds the inserted\n// CLONE (Turbo clones template content on render — attrs ride the clone).\nconst EFFECT_PENDING_ATTR = \"data-reactive-fx-pending\"\n// The hard ceiling on any effect wait — an exit's removal is delayed at most\n// this long even if animationend/transitionend never fire.\nconst EFFECT_SETTLE_FALLBACK_MS = 1000\n\nlet effectsRegistered = false\nexport function registerReactiveEffects() {\n  if (effectsRegistered) return\n  if (typeof document === \"undefined\" || typeof document.addEventListener !== \"function\") return\n  effectsRegistered = true\n  document.addEventListener(\"turbo:before-stream-render\", wrapStreamRenderForEffects)\n}\n\nexport function __resetReactiveEffectsForTest() {\n  effectsRegistered = false\n}\n\n// Wrap event.detail.render (the dismiss-hook pattern) when this stream both\n// maps to a hook AND resolves to an effect. Resolution happens HERE, before\n// the render, because exit must read the target while it is still in the DOM\n// and enter must read (and mark) the template content before Turbo clones it.\nfunction wrapStreamRenderForEffects(event) {\n  const detail = event.detail\n  const original = detail?.render\n  if (typeof original !== \"function\" || original.__reactiveEffectsWrapped) return\n  const streamEl = detail?.newStream ?? event.target\n  const hook = EFFECT_HOOKS[streamEl?.getAttribute?.(\"action\")]\n  if (!hook || effectsReducedMotion()) return\n  const effect = resolveStreamEffect(streamEl, hook)\n  if (!effect) return\n\n  const wrapped =\n    hook === \"exit\"\n      ? async (el) => {\n          await runExitEffect(effectTarget(streamEl), effect)\n          await original(el)\n        }\n      : async (el) => {\n          const container = hook === \"enter\" ? markIncomingRoots(streamEl) : null\n          await original(el)\n          if (hook === \"enter\") animateMarkedRoots(container, effect)\n          else runEnterOrUpdateEffect(effectTarget(streamEl), effect)\n        }\n  wrapped.__reactiveEffectsWrapped = true\n  detail.render = wrapped\n}\n\n// The effect for this stream: per-call data-reactive-effect first (\"off\" →\n// none), else the carrier's declared data-reactive-effect-<hook>.\nfunction resolveStreamEffect(streamEl, hook) {\n  const perCall = streamEl.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-effect\")\n  if (perCall === \"off\") return null\n  if (perCall) return parseEffect(perCall, hook)\n  const carrier = hook === \"enter\" ? incomingEffectRoot(streamEl) : effectTarget(streamEl)\n  const declared = carrier?.getAttribute?.(`data-reactive-effect-${hook}`)\n  return declared ? parseEffect(declared, hook) : null\n}\n\n// The stream's CURRENT DOM target (re-queried at use, so a post-replace call\n// sees the freshly-swapped element). Our builders always emit `target` —\n// multi-`targets` streams are not ours and pass through unanimated.\nfunction effectTarget(streamEl) {\n  const target = streamEl.getAttribute?.(\"target\")\n  return target ? (document.getElementById?.(target) ?? null) : null\n}\n\n// The incoming content's root element (an append/prepend's arriving\n// component) — the carrier of a declared enter effect.\nfunction incomingEffectRoot(streamEl) {\n  return streamEl.querySelector?.(\"template\")?.content?.firstElementChild ?? null\n}\n\n// A wire value → an executable effect: { className } for a shipped built-in\n// (\"random\" picks one per application), { legs } for a custom triple. null +\n// console.warn for anything else (default-deny).\nfunction parseEffect(value, hook) {\n  if (value.startsWith(\"[\")) {\n    let legs = null\n    try {\n      const parsed = JSON.parse(value)\n      if (Array.isArray(parsed) && parsed.length === 3) legs = parsed.map(String)\n    } catch {\n      // malformed JSON → the shared warn below\n    }\n    if (legs) return { legs }\n    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed effect legs ${JSON.stringify(value)} — skipped`)\n    return null\n  }\n  const name =\n    value === \"random\" ? EFFECT_BUILT_INS[Math.floor(Math.random() * EFFECT_BUILT_INS.length)] : value\n  if (!EFFECT_BUILT_INS.includes(name)) {\n    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] unknown effect ${JSON.stringify(value)} — skipped`)\n    return null\n  }\n  return { className: `reactive-fx--${name}-${hook}` }\n}\n\nfunction effectsReducedMotion() {\n  try {\n    return typeof matchMedia === \"function\" && matchMedia(\"(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)\").matches\n  } catch {\n    return false\n  }\n}\n\n// Stamp each incoming template root with the pending marker (Turbo's render\n// clones the content, so the marker rides the inserted clone) and return the\n// container the post-render scan searches. Pre-render on purpose.\nfunction markIncomingRoots(streamEl) {\n  const content = streamEl.querySelector?.(\"template\")?.content\n  if (!content) return null\n  for (const child of Array.from(content.children ?? [])) child.setAttribute?.(EFFECT_PENDING_ATTR, \"\")\n  return effectTarget(streamEl)\n}\n\n// Post-render: find the just-inserted clones by their marker, unmark, animate.\nfunction animateMarkedRoots(container, effect) {\n  if (typeof container?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n  for (const el of Array.from(container.querySelectorAll(`[${EFFECT_PENDING_ATTR}]`))) {\n    el.removeAttribute(EFFECT_PENDING_ATTR)\n    runEnterOrUpdateEffect(el, effect)\n  }\n}\n\n// EXIT: animate on the still-present element, resolve when settled, and only\n// then does the wrapper run Turbo's removal. Zero computed duration (no\n// effects CSS) resolves immediately — never a dead 1s freeze.\nasync function runExitEffect(el, effect) {\n  if (!el?.classList) return\n  if (effect.legs) {\n    await runLegsEffect(el, effect.legs)\n    return\n  }\n  el.classList.add(effect.className)\n  const duration = effectDurationMs(el)\n  if (duration <= 0) {\n    el.classList.remove(effect.className)\n    return\n  }\n  await effectSettled(el, duration)\n  el.classList.remove(effect.className)\n}\n\n// ENTER/UPDATE: fire-and-forget after the render. A re-applied class is\n// removed + reflowed first so rapid successive updates restart the flash; the\n// per-element token keeps an older settle from clearing a newer application.\nfunction runEnterOrUpdateEffect(el, effect) {\n  if (!el?.classList) return\n  if (effect.legs) {\n    runLegsEffect(el, effect.legs)\n    return\n  }\n  if (el.classList.contains(effect.className)) {\n    el.classList.remove(effect.className)\n    void el.offsetWidth // force a reflow so re-adding restarts the animation\n  }\n  el.classList.add(effect.className)\n  const duration = effectDurationMs(el)\n  if (duration <= 0) {\n    el.classList.remove(effect.className)\n    return\n  }\n  const token = (el.__reactiveFxToken = (el.__reactiveFxToken ?? 0) + 1)\n  effectSettled(el, duration).then(() => {\n    if (el.__reactiveFxToken === token) el.classList.remove(effect.className)\n  })\n}\n\n// Custom class legs — runTransition's choreography (add during+from, swap\n// from→to on the next frame, settle, clean up), promise-shaped so an exit can\n// await it. Class lists are space-separated (the #96/#186 wire).\n//\n// Rapid re-application on the same element RESTARTS, mirroring the named\n// path's token guard: each run takes the per-element token, clears any\n// earlier run's leg classes, and a superseded run stops touching the element\n// the moment a newer run owns it — so a stale settle can never strip classes\n// mid-animation or double-swap the legs. A superseded EXIT run resolves\n// early, which only lets Turbo's removal proceed sooner (never later).\nasync function runLegsEffect(el, legs) {\n  const [during, from, to] = legs.map(splitEffectClasses)\n  const token = (el.__reactiveFxToken = (el.__reactiveFxToken ?? 0) + 1)\n  el.classList.remove(...during, ...from, ...to)\n  el.classList.add(...during, ...from)\n  await effectNextFrame()\n  if (el.__reactiveFxToken !== token) return\n  el.classList.remove(...from)\n  el.classList.add(...to)\n  const duration = effectDurationMs(el)\n  if (duration > 0) await effectSettled(el, duration)\n  if (el.__reactiveFxToken !== token) return\n  el.classList.remove(...during, ...to)\n}\n\nfunction splitEffectClasses(list) {\n  return String(list ?? \"\")\n    .split(/\\s+/)\n    .filter(Boolean)\n}\n\n// The longest computed animation/transition (duration + delay, comma lists\n// included) in ms, capped at the hard fallback. 0 when getComputedStyle is\n// unavailable or nothing animates — callers skip the wait entirely.\nfunction effectDurationMs(el) {\n  if (typeof getComputedStyle !== \"function\") return 0\n  try {\n    const style = getComputedStyle(el)\n    const longest = (value) =>\n      String(value ?? \"\")\n        .split(\",\")\n        .reduce((max, part) => Math.max(max, parseFloat(part) || 0), 0)\n    const animation = longest(style.animationDuration) + longest(style.animationDelay)\n    const transition = longest(style.transitionDuration) + longest(style.transitionDelay)\n    return Math.min(Math.max(animation, transition) * 1000, EFFECT_SETTLE_FALLBACK_MS)\n  } catch {\n    return 0\n  }\n}\n\n// Resolve on animationend/transitionend — whichever fires first — with a\n// timeout slightly past the computed duration, so a canceled animation (a\n// display:none ancestor, an interrupted transition) can't hang an exit.\nfunction effectSettled(el, durationMs) {\n  return new Promise((resolve) => {\n    let done = false\n    const settle = () => {\n      if (done) return\n      done = true\n      resolve()\n    }\n    el.addEventListener?.(\"animationend\", settle, { once: true })\n    el.addEventListener?.(\"transitionend\", settle, { once: true })\n    setTimeout(settle, Math.min(durationMs + 50, EFFECT_SETTLE_FALLBACK_MS))\n  })\n}\n\nfunction effectNextFrame() {\n  return new Promise((resolve) => {\n    if (typeof requestAnimationFrame === \"function\") requestAnimationFrame(() => resolve())\n    else setTimeout(resolve, 16)\n  })\n}\n\n// Offline CSS hook (issue #101). Mirror data-reactive-offline on\n// document.documentElement from navigator.onLine, kept in sync by the window\n// online/offline events — so an app can dim a save button or show a banner with\n// PURE CSS and zero JS ([data-reactive-offline] .save { pointer-events: none }).\n// Guarded on window (needed for addEventListener AND navigator) so importing the\n// module in a non-browser (bun test) context is a no-op, and registered once\n// (the online/offline listeners are NOT {once}, so a second registerReactiveActions\n// call must not stack duplicates) — mirroring the dismiss guard + reset seam.\nlet offlineRegistered = false\nexport function registerReactiveOffline() {\n  if (offlineRegistered) return\n  if (typeof window === \"undefined\" || typeof document === \"undefined\") return\n  if (typeof window.addEventListener !== \"function\") return\n  offlineRegistered = true\n  // toggleAttribute(name, force) writes data-reactive-offline=\"\" (a bare boolean\n  // attr the [data-reactive-offline] selector matches) or removes it — never the\n  // \"true\" string. navigator.onLine === false is the reliable direction (a false\n  // \"online\" is spec-permitted but rare, and this is only a presentational hook —\n  // the authoritative offline signal is the #perform gate, not this attribute).\n  // Fully defensive: a missing documentElement/toggleAttribute/navigator degrades\n  // to a no-op — a presentational hook must NEVER throw during bootstrap.\n  const sync = () => {\n    const root = document.documentElement\n    if (typeof root?.toggleAttribute !== \"function\") return\n    root.toggleAttribute(\"data-reactive-offline\", globalThis.navigator?.onLine === false)\n  }\n  sync() // seed synchronously so first paint is correct\n  window.addEventListener(\"online\", sync)\n  window.addEventListener(\"offline\", sync)\n}\n\nexport function __resetReactiveOfflineForTest() {\n  offlineRegistered = false\n}\n\n// Latency simulator dev aid (issue #102). On localhost the click→morph round\n// trip is ~5ms, so the pending/loading/optimistic affordances (aria-busy,\n// disable_with, busy_on, optimistic hints) flash by too fast to see while\n// developing or demoing them — the reason LiveView ships enableLatencySim(ms).\n//\n// enableLatencySim(ms) persists the delay to sessionStorage (session-scoped, so\n// it clears when the tab closes — never a config you forget you left on);\n// #perform reads it right before the fetch and awaits setTimeout(ms), stretching\n// the already-set busy window to something visible. disableLatencySim() clears\n// it. NAMED exports (the setConfirmResolver precedent) — but importmap module\n// exports are unreachable from the browser console, so registerReactiveActions\n// ALSO attaches these to window.PhlexReactive, and ONLY when the app opts in with\n// <meta name=\"phlex-reactive-env\" content=\"development\"> (see #attachLatencyHandle).\nexport const LATENCY_KEY = \"phlex-reactive:latency\"\n\n// One-time \"sim active\" banner guard (module-level, mirroring offlineRegistered):\n// #maybeSimulateLatency warns ONCE while the sim is on, not once per request.\nlet latencyBannerShown = false\n\nexport function enableLatencySim(ms) {\n  if (typeof sessionStorage === \"undefined\") return\n  sessionStorage.setItem(LATENCY_KEY, String(ms))\n}\n\nexport function disableLatencySim() {\n  if (typeof sessionStorage === \"undefined\") return\n  sessionStorage.removeItem(LATENCY_KEY)\n  // Re-arm the one-time \"sim active\" banner: turning the sim OFF is the lifecycle\n  // boundary, so a later enableLatencySim() in the same session re-announces that\n  // the sim is on (otherwise the guard would stay set across an off→on cycle and\n  // swallow the banner). Matches the __resetReactiveLatencyForTest seam.\n  latencyBannerShown = false\n}\n\n// The dev gate. importmap module exports aren't reachable from the DevTools\n// console, so we expose the two functions on a window handle — but ONLY when the\n// app authored <meta name=\"phlex-reactive-env\" content=\"development\">. There is\n// NO engine-emitted meta (the engine can't inject into the host layout); the\n// install generator ships the snippet commented. Without the meta: no global\n// handle at all, and #perform short-circuits on the null sessionStorage read —\n// zero production surface. The `?.content` chain is fully defensive (a stubbed\n// document with no querySelector, a missing meta) so bootstrap never throws.\nfunction attachLatencyHandle() {\n  if (typeof window === \"undefined\" || typeof document === \"undefined\") return\n  const env = document.querySelector?.('meta[name=\"phlex-reactive-env\"]')?.content\n  if (env !== \"development\") return\n  window.PhlexReactive = { enableLatencySim, disableLatencySim }\n}\n\n// Test seam: forget the one-time active-sim banner so the next test re-warns.\nexport function __resetReactiveLatencyForTest() {\n  latencyBannerShown = false\n}\n\n// --- Global reactive-activity signal (issue #201) --------------------------\n// A DOCUMENT-LEVEL count of in-flight reactive operations — the direct analogue\n// of Turbo's progress bar, but for reactive round trips and deferred renders\n// instead of navigations. Anything that starts an async reactive operation calls\n// enterReactiveActivity(); when it settles (success OR failure, on every path) it\n// calls exitReactiveActivity(). The count is exposed two ways so an app — or a\n// system test — can key off \"is the reactive layer settling?\" without knowing\n// about any individual root:\n//\n//   * a marker on <html>: data-reactive-active present while count > 0 (CSS can\n//     drive a global spinner; code/tests can read it). A DISTINCT name from the\n//     per-root data-reactive-busy so a [data-reactive-busy] selector never also\n//     matches the document element.\n//   * events on document: reactive:busy on the 0 -> >0 edge, reactive:idle on the\n//     >0 -> 0 edge — EDGES ONLY (not once per op), each carrying { count }.\n//\n// It sums ACROSS all reactive roots (module-level, not per-controller) and across\n// the two async lifecycles wired below:\n//   * dispatch — entered in #applyBusy (at ENQUEUE, so the queue wait counts too),\n//     exited in the settle closure #perform runs in its finally.\n//   * defer    — entered/exited with the pendingDefers registry (set/delete), the\n//     ONE registry both the fetch (pull) and the stream (push) lane maintain — so\n//     the push lane stays balanced even though it clears its pending markers by a\n//     node swap, not clearDeferPending. A supersede is delete-then-set (net zero),\n//     which is correct: a fast typist's replaced defer is still \"layer busy\".\n//\n// compute-seed is deliberately NOT counted: recompute() is synchronous, so a seed\n// is fully applied by the time the call returns — there is no async window to await\n// (the \"value settles a beat after a morph/seed\" case the issue describes is\n// covered by the System test helpers' re-resolve-by-id polling, not this counter).\nexport const ACTIVE_ATTR = \"data-reactive-active\"\n\nlet activityCount = 0\n\n// Increment the global in-flight count; on the 0 -> 1 edge, mark <html> and fire\n// reactive:busy. Fully defensive — a non-browser/test document with no\n// documentElement/dispatchEvent still tracks the count and simply skips the DOM\n// side effects (a global signal must never throw during bootstrap or a round trip).\nexport function enterReactiveActivity() {\n  activityCount++\n  if (activityCount === 1) syncReactiveActivity(\"reactive:busy\")\n}\n\n// Decrement the global in-flight count, clamped at 0 so an unbalanced exit can\n// never drive it negative (which would wedge the marker on forever). On the\n// 1 -> 0 edge, clear the <html> marker and fire reactive:idle.\nexport function exitReactiveActivity() {\n  if (activityCount === 0) return\n  activityCount--\n  if (activityCount === 0) syncReactiveActivity(\"reactive:idle\")\n}\n\n// The current in-flight count — a test seam and a runtime read (an app can gate an\n// \"unsaved changes\" prompt on `reactiveActivityCount() > 0`).\nexport function reactiveActivityCount() {\n  return activityCount\n}\n\n// Test seam: reset the module-level counter (and clear the marker) between tests,\n// since the module is imported once per bun run.\nexport function resetReactiveActivity() {\n  activityCount = 0\n  const root = typeof document !== \"undefined\" ? document.documentElement : null\n  root?.removeAttribute?.(ACTIVE_ATTR)\n}\n\n// Write the <html> marker from the current count and fire the edge event on\n// document. Both sides are independently guarded so a partial document stub (a\n// documentElement without toggleAttribute, or a document without dispatchEvent)\n// degrades to a no-op rather than throwing.\nfunction syncReactiveActivity(eventName) {\n  if (typeof document === \"undefined\") return\n  const root = document.documentElement\n  if (typeof root?.toggleAttribute === \"function\") {\n    root.toggleAttribute(ACTIVE_ATTR, activityCount > 0)\n  }\n  if (typeof document.dispatchEvent === \"function\" && typeof CustomEvent === \"function\") {\n    document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(eventName, { detail: { count: activityCount } }))\n  }\n}\n\nexport function registerReactiveActions() {\n  registerReactiveVisit()\n  registerReactiveToken()\n  registerReactiveJs()\n  registerReactiveDefer()\n  registerReactiveDismiss()\n  registerReactiveEffects()\n  registerReactiveOffline()\n  attachLatencyHandle()\n}\n\n// Escape a DOM id for safe interpolation into a RegExp (an id can legally contain\n// regex metacharacters like `.`/`:` — e.g. an `escape:`-namespaced or dotted id).\n// Used by #extractToken to match the stream that re-renders THIS element by id.\nexport function escapeRegExp(string) {\n  return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, \"\\\\$&\")\n}\n\nif (typeof window !== \"undefined\") {\n  if (window.Turbo) registerReactiveActions()\n  else document.addEventListener(\"turbo:load\", registerReactiveActions, { once: true })\n}\n\n// --- Registration guard (issue #26 part 2) -------------------------------\n// In a `lazyLoadControllersFrom(\"controllers\", application)` app, only\n// controllers under app/javascript/controllers/ are registered. This module\n// lives outside that dir, so importing it isn't enough — `data-controller=\n// \"reactive\"` does NOTHING until the host runs application.register(\"reactive\",\n// ...). The failure is silent: components render, but no action ever fires.\n//\n// We can't warn from connect() in that case (connect never runs). Instead, once\n// the page is ready, if reactive elements exist but no controller has connected,\n// the controller wasn't registered — so we warn, pointing at the fix.\nlet reactiveConnected = false\n\nexport function checkReactiveRegistration() {\n  if (reactiveConnected) return\n  if (typeof document === \"undefined\") return\n  const els = document.querySelectorAll('[data-controller~=\"reactive\"]')\n  if (!els || els.length === 0) return\n  console.warn(\n    \"[phlex-reactive] found \" + els.length + ' element(s) with data-controller=\"reactive\" ' +\n      \"but the reactive controller never connected. It is loaded but not registered — \" +\n      'add `application.register(\"reactive\", ReactiveController)` (importmap) or import it ' +\n      \"into app/javascript/controllers/ for lazyLoadControllersFrom apps. See the README.\"\n  )\n}\n\n// Test seams (no-ops in production usage).\nexport function __resetReactiveRegistrationForTest() {\n  reactiveConnected = false\n}\nexport function __markReactiveConnectedForTest() {\n  reactiveConnected = true\n}\n\nif (typeof window !== \"undefined\" && typeof document !== \"undefined\") {\n  // Defer past initial controller connection (a microtask/tick after ready).\n  const scheduleCheck = () => setTimeout(checkReactiveRegistration, 0)\n  if (document.readyState === \"loading\") {\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", scheduleCheck, { once: true })\n  } else {\n    scheduleCheck()\n  }\n}\n\n// The interpret-time attribute-name allowlist (issue #96) — the SECOND half of\n// the two-sided default-deny. The Ruby builder already refuses these at build\n// time; this guards a hand-built / forged ops attr from bypassing it. Refused:\n// event handlers (on*, XSS), URL-bearing names (a javascript: navigation\n// surface), and style (CSS injection). Case-insensitive, mirroring js.rb.\nconst REFUSED_ATTR_URL = new Set([\"href\", \"src\", \"srcdoc\", \"action\", \"formaction\", \"xlink:href\", \"style\"])\nfunction attrRefused(name) {\n  const lower = String(name).toLowerCase()\n  return lower.startsWith(\"on\") || REFUSED_ATTR_URL.has(lower)\n}\n\n// Run an animated visibility change (issue #96 `transition:`). `flip` performs\n// the actual hidden-flag change; `[during, from, to]` are class lists applied\n// AROUND it. Cleanup (removing during+to) is awaited via `animationend` OR a\n// setTimeout fallback — whichever comes first — so an element with NO animation\n// never leaves the helper classes stuck (the op chain itself is not blocked:\n// cleanup is fire-and-forget, later ops run immediately). The fallback and the\n// listener share a one-shot `done` guard so cleanup runs exactly once.\nfunction runTransition(el, transition, flip) {\n  const [during, from, to] = transition\n  el.classList.add(during, from)\n  flip()\n  requestAnimationFrame(() => {\n    el.classList.remove(from)\n    el.classList.add(to)\n  })\n\n  let done = false\n  const cleanup = () => {\n    if (done) return\n    done = true\n    el.classList.remove(during, to)\n  }\n  el.addEventListener(\"animationend\", cleanup, { once: true })\n  // ~10% over a common 300ms transition; also the ONLY path for a non-animated\n  // element (animationend never fires there), so it must always be scheduled.\n  setTimeout(cleanup, 350)\n}\n\n// The client-op whitelist behind on_client (issue #95, extended in #96). Mirrors\n// Phlex::Reactive::JS's vocabulary; an op name not in this map is\n// warn-and-skipped by #applyOps (client-side default-deny — a stale or newer\n// ops attr must never break the page). Each op is a pure, local DOM mutation:\n// nothing is read back, nothing is sent anywhere. Frozen so nothing can be\n// registered into it at runtime — extending the vocabulary is a gem change,\n// not an app hook.\nconst CLIENT_OPS = Object.freeze({\n  show: (el, args) => setHidden(el, false, args),\n  hide: (el, args) => setHidden(el, true, args),\n  toggle: (el, args) => setHidden(el, !el.hidden, args),\n  add_class: (el, args) => el.classList.add(...(args.classes ?? [])),\n  remove_class: (el, args) => el.classList.remove(...(args.classes ?? [])),\n  toggle_class: (el, args) => (args.classes ?? []).forEach((c) => el.classList.toggle(c)),\n\n  // Attribute ops (issue #96), interpret-time allowlisted. set_attr writes the\n  // (already-stringified) value; toggle_attr adds a missing attr (value \"\") or\n  // removes a present one; remove_attr removes it. A refused name warns + skips.\n  set_attr: (el, args) => {\n    if (guardAttr(args.name)) el.setAttribute(args.name, args.value ?? \"\")\n  },\n  remove_attr: (el, args) => {\n    if (guardAttr(args.name)) el.removeAttribute(args.name)\n  },\n  toggle_attr: (el, args) => {\n    if (!guardAttr(args.name)) return\n    if (el.hasAttribute(args.name)) el.removeAttribute(args.name)\n    else el.setAttribute(args.name, \"\")\n  },\n\n  // Focus ops (issue #96). focus targets the match itself; focus_first targets\n  // its first focusable descendant (opened-menu → first menuitem).\n  focus: (el) => el.focus?.(),\n  focus_first: (el) => firstFocusable(el)?.focus?.(),\n\n  // Text op (issue #159): set textContent — XSS-safe by construction (never\n  // innerHTML), strictly less powerful than set_attr. Change-guarded like\n  // #mirrorText. With global: true it is the cross-root text escape: paint a\n  // value into a recap node OUTSIDE the component's root.\n  text: (el, args) => {\n    const text = String(args.value ?? \"\")\n    if (el.textContent !== text) el.textContent = text\n  },\n\n  // Dispatch a bubbling CustomEvent (issue #96). RAW element.dispatchEvent — the\n  // controller SHADOWS Stimulus's this.dispatch helper, so it must not be used.\n  dispatch: (el, args) => {\n    el.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(args.name, { bubbles: true, composed: true, detail: args.detail ?? {} }))\n  },\n\n  // Submit the target's OWN form (issue #226) via requestSubmit() — constraint\n  // validation runs and a REAL cancelable `submit` event fires, so an\n  // on(:action, event: \"submit\") interception or a native/Turbo form handles it\n  // exactly like a user submit. No form → no-op. ACTOR-ONLY like focus: the\n  // broadcast builder refuses it server-side (BROADCAST_REFUSED_OPS).\n  submit: (el) => submitFormFor(el)?.requestSubmit?.(),\n})\n\n// The form a submit op commits (issue #226), in order: the target itself when\n// it IS a form (tagName, not instanceof — fake-node/test friendly), its form\n// owner for a control (input.form — honors a form= attribute), else the nearest\n// ancestor form. closest() may cross the component root by design — the\n// FIELD'S OWN form is the submit scope, not the reactive boundary.\nfunction submitFormFor(el) {\n  if (el?.tagName === \"FORM\") return el\n  return el?.form ?? el?.closest?.(\"form\") ?? null\n}\n\n// Apply a hidden-flag change, optionally animated by a [during, from, to]\n// transition (issue #96). Split out so show/hide/toggle share it.\nfunction setHidden(el, hidden, args) {\n  if (args?.transition) runTransition(el, args.transition, () => (el.hidden = hidden))\n  else el.hidden = hidden\n}\n\n// The interpret-time attribute guard: refuse (warn + skip) a name off the\n// allowlist. Returns true when the op may proceed.\nfunction guardAttr(name) {\n  if (!attrRefused(name)) return true\n  console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] refused client attr op on ${JSON.stringify(name)} — skipped`)\n  return false\n}\n\n// A cross-root mirror target must be a single ID selector (issue #159) — \"#\" +\n// a CSS identifier, nothing else. The client half of the two-sided default-deny\n// (reactive_compute's `mirror:` validates the SAME shape loudly at declare\n// time): a hand-built mirror attr must not widen a declared text mirror into a\n// page-wide selector write. A refused selector warns + skips (its siblings\n// still apply), matching the attr-allowlist posture.\nconst MIRROR_ID_SELECTOR = /^#[A-Za-z_][\\w-]*$/\nfunction guardMirrorSelector(selector) {\n  if (typeof selector === \"string\" && MIRROR_ID_SELECTOR.test(selector)) return true\n  console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] refused cross-root mirror target ${JSON.stringify(selector)} — skipped`)\n  return false\n}\n\n// Evaluate a show binding's declared literal predicate (issue #161) against\n// the controlling field's current value. Exactly one of the three predicate\n// attrs decides: equals (value === literal), not (value !== literal), in\n// (value ∈ a JSON string list). The vocabulary is fixed and literal-only —\n// never an expression, so there is no eval surface (the reactive_show helper\n// enforces the same shape loudly at render; this is the client half of the\n// two-sided posture). Returns true/false for a decidable binding, or null for\n// a malformed/missing predicate — the caller SKIPS a null so a hand-built or\n// stale binding never flips visibility it doesn't understand (default-deny,\n// like the op whitelist).\nfunction showBindingMatches(el, value) {\n  const equals = el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-show-equals\")\n  if (equals !== null) return value === equals\n  const not = el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-show-not\")\n  if (not !== null) return value !== not\n  const inRaw = el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-show-in\")\n  if (inRaw !== null) {\n    try {\n      const list = JSON.parse(inRaw)\n      if (Array.isArray(list)) return list.includes(value)\n    } catch {\n      // fall through to the warn below — malformed JSON and a non-array both skip\n    }\n    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed reactive_show in: list ${JSON.stringify(inRaw)} — skipped`)\n    return null\n  }\n  // Numeric threshold predicates (issue #176 part B): gte/gt/lte/lt read the\n  // literal off its own flat attr and compare Number(value) against it. Any\n  // present numeric attr decides the binding — a non-numeric field value (NaN)\n  // is false (hidden), and a non-numeric LITERAL warn-skips (null).\n  for (const key of SHOW_NUMERIC_KEYS) {\n    const raw = el.getAttribute(`data-reactive-show-${key}`)\n    if (raw !== null) return numericPredicateMatches(key, raw, value)\n  }\n  console.warn(\"[phlex-reactive] a reactive_show binding declares no predicate — skipped\")\n  return null\n}\n\n// The numeric threshold keys (issue #176 part B) — the client half of the Ruby\n// SHOW_NUMERIC_KEYS. Order-independent; the evaluator reads the one that's\n// present. Each coerces BOTH sides to Number and compares.\nconst SHOW_NUMERIC_KEYS = [\"gte\", \"gt\", \"lte\", \"lt\"]\n\n// The length predicate keys (issue #226) — the client half of Ruby's\n// ShowConditions::LENGTH_KEYS. Length is counted in CODEPOINTS\n// ([...str].length), NOT UTF-16 code units (str.length), so Ruby's\n// String#length and this evaluator agree on multibyte values — the shared\n// fixture's emoji vector proves it.\nconst SHOW_LENGTH_KEYS = [\"len_eq\", \"len_gte\", \"len_gt\", \"len_lte\", \"len_lt\"]\n\n// Evaluate one length predicate. Length is a TOTAL function (blank/absent →\n// 0), so every field value is decidable — no fail-closed special case like the\n// numeric thresholds ({ length: 0 } legitimately matches a blank field). A\n// non-Integer LITERAL is a malformed binding — warn-skip (null), default-deny.\nfunction lengthPredicateMatches(key, literal, value) {\n  if (!Number.isInteger(literal)) {\n    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] reactive_show ${key}: needs an integer literal, got ${JSON.stringify(literal)} — skipped`)\n    return null\n  }\n  const length = [...String(value ?? \"\")].length\n  switch (key) {\n    case \"len_eq\":\n      return length === literal\n    case \"len_gte\":\n      return length >= literal\n    case \"len_gt\":\n      return length > literal\n    case \"len_lte\":\n      return length <= literal\n    case \"len_lt\":\n      return length < literal\n    default:\n      return null\n  }\n}\n\n// Evaluate one numeric threshold predicate against a field value. Returns\n// true/false for a decidable comparison, or null when the LITERAL itself is\n// non-numeric (a malformed binding — warn-skip, default-deny). A non-numeric\n// FIELD value (empty/blank/garbage) is treated as NaN → false: the\n// reveal-on-threshold notice stays hidden, the safe default. Shared by the\n// owned-binding evaluator (raw string literal off an attr) and the\n// cross-root/compound evaluator (a literal that arrived as a JSON number or\n// string).\nfunction numericPredicateMatches(key, literal, value) {\n  const rhs = Number(literal)\n  if (Number.isNaN(rhs)) {\n    console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] reactive_show ${key}: needs a numeric literal, got ${JSON.stringify(literal)} — skipped`)\n    return null\n  }\n  // A blank/whitespace field value must fail closed. Number(\"\") and\n  // Number(\"   \") are 0 (NOT NaN), so a bare Number()+isNaN check would wrongly\n  // reveal a `lte:`/`lt:`/`gte: 0` binding on an EMPTY field. Force the\n  // empty/blank case to NaN so the \"blank → hidden\" contract holds for every\n  // operator, not just the ones where 0 happens to fail the comparison.\n  const trimmed = value == null ? \"\" : String(value).trim()\n  const n = trimmed === \"\" ? NaN : Number(trimmed)\n  if (Number.isNaN(n)) return false\n  switch (key) {\n    case \"gte\":\n      return n >= rhs\n    case \"gt\":\n      return n > rhs\n    case \"lte\":\n      return n <= rhs\n    case \"lt\":\n      return n < rhs\n    default:\n      return null\n  }\n}\n\n// Evaluate an ALREADY-PARSED show predicate object (issue #164) — the\n// reactive_show_targets map embeds { equals/not/in } directly in its JSON, so\n// unlike showBindingMatches there are no attrs to read or re-parse. The same\n// literal-only vocabulary; anything else (empty, unknown keys, a non-array\n// in:) returns null and the caller warn-skips that target (default-deny — a\n// hand-built map entry must never flip visibility it doesn't declare).\nfunction showPredicateMatches(pred, value) {\n  if (!pred || typeof pred !== \"object\") return null\n  if (typeof pred.equals === \"string\") return value === pred.equals\n  if (typeof pred.not === \"string\") return value !== pred.not\n  if (Array.isArray(pred.in)) return pred.in.includes(value)\n  // Numeric threshold predicates (issue #176 part B): the literal arrives as a\n  // JSON number (or a numeric string) embedded in the predicate object — one\n  // shared numericPredicateMatches with the owned-binding evaluator.\n  for (const key of SHOW_NUMERIC_KEYS) {\n    if (key in pred) return numericPredicateMatches(key, pred[key], value)\n  }\n  // Length predicates (issue #226): codepoint count vs an Integer literal.\n  for (const key of SHOW_LENGTH_KEYS) {\n    if (key in pred) return lengthPredicateMatches(key, pred[key], value)\n  }\n  return null\n}\n\n// The selector matching every OWNED-element show binding: single-field\n// (data-reactive-show-field, issue #161) OR compound all:/any:\n// (data-reactive-show, issue #176). Both the connect() gate and the sync walk\n// use it so a compound-only root still enables the sync.\nconst SHOW_BINDING_SELECTOR = \"[data-reactive-show-field], [data-reactive-show]\"\n\n// Parse a compound show binding's JSON payload (issue #176 part A). Malformed\n// JSON degrades to null WITH a warn — a bad binding must never throw or blank\n// the page (client-side default-deny), but a collision (two bindings' JSON\n// mix-joined) is worth surfacing.\nfunction parseShowCompound(raw) {\n  try {\n    const parsed = JSON.parse(raw)\n    if (parsed && typeof parsed === \"object\" && !Array.isArray(parsed)) return parsed\n  } catch {\n    // fall through to the warn\n  }\n  console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed compound reactive_show payload ${JSON.stringify(raw)} — skipped`)\n  return null\n}\n\n// Parse a data-reactive-on-complete payload (issue #226): a JSON array of\n// { any: [[term, …], …], ops: [[op, args], …] } bindings. Malformed JSON, a\n// non-array, or a binding missing either half degrades to [] WITH a warn — a\n// bad payload must never throw or fire an op (client-side default-deny, the\n// parseShowCompound posture).\nfunction parseOnComplete(raw) {\n  try {\n    const list = JSON.parse(raw)\n    if (\n      Array.isArray(list) &&\n      list.every((b) => b && typeof b === \"object\" && Array.isArray(b.any) && Array.isArray(b.ops))\n    ) {\n      return list\n    }\n  } catch {\n    // fall through to the warn\n  }\n  console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed reactive_on_complete payload ${JSON.stringify(raw)} — skipped`)\n  return []\n}\n\n// Evaluate one DNF TERM against a resolved field value (issue #180). A missing\n// field (null) or a malformed/unknown predicate folds to FALSE — fail-closed\n// (default-deny): a broken AND term can't pass, a broken OR term can't reveal.\nfunction dnfTermMatches(term, fieldValue) {\n  if (!term || typeof term !== \"object\" || typeof term.field !== \"string\") return false\n  // An absent owned field reads as \"\" — identical to the server evaluator\n  // (ShowConditions.match? treats a missing field as blank). This keeps the\n  // Ruby first-paint and the client live-toggle in exact agreement (the shared\n  // fixture proves it). A malformed predicate still folds to false.\n  const value = fieldValue(term.field) ?? \"\"\n  return showPredicateMatches(term, value) === true\n}\n\n// Evaluate a DNF show payload (issue #180): { any: [group, …] } where each\n// GROUP is an array of terms (terms AND within a group, groups OR). Returns\n// true/false for a decidable payload, or null for a malformed one (no groups)\n// so the caller warn-skips and leaves visibility alone. This is the ONE shape\n// the 0.10 wire emits; showPayloadMatches routes the legacy shapes here or to\n// the compatibility arm below.\nfunction anyOfAllsMatches(groups, fieldValue) {\n  if (!Array.isArray(groups) || groups.length === 0) return null\n  // groups OR; within a group, terms AND (an empty group can't decide → false).\n  return groups.some((group) => Array.isArray(group) && group.length > 0 &&\n    group.every((term) => dnfTermMatches(term, fieldValue)))\n}\n\n// Every field a DNF payload's groups reference (issue #209) — drives the\n// \"leave the target alone when NO referenced field is owned\" skip, the\n// single-field-target skip generalized. Returns null for a malformed payload\n// (no groups, or no term names a field) so the caller warn-skips instead of\n// toggling on garbage (default-deny, like every other malformed-wire arm).\nfunction dnfGroupFields(groups) {\n  if (!Array.isArray(groups) || groups.length === 0) return null\n  const fields = new Set()\n  for (const group of groups) {\n    if (!Array.isArray(group)) continue\n    for (const term of group) {\n      if (term && typeof term === \"object\" && typeof term.field === \"string\") fields.add(term.field)\n    }\n  }\n  return fields.size > 0 ? [...fields] : null\n}\n\n// Route a parsed data-reactive-show payload to the right evaluator. The 0.10\n// wire is { any: [ [term,…], … ] } (DNF — groups are ARRAYS). For a stale tab\n// still serving pre-0.10 HTML (deploy overlap), fall back to the 0.9.5 compound\n// shape { all: [term,…] } / { any: [term,…] } where the values are flat TERM\n// OBJECTS, not arrays. The nesting distinguishes them: DNF's any[0] is an Array.\n// DELETE the legacy arm in 0.11.\nfunction showPayloadMatches(payload, fieldValue) {\n  if (!payload || typeof payload !== \"object\") return null\n  const any = payload.any\n  if (Array.isArray(any) && (any.length === 0 || Array.isArray(any[0]))) {\n    return anyOfAllsMatches(any, fieldValue)\n  }\n  return legacyCompoundShowMatches(payload, fieldValue)\n}\n\n// LEGACY (0.9.5, deploy-overlap only — DELETE in 0.11): the flat all:/any:\n// compound fold, where terms are objects (not groups). Preserved so a morph of\n// stale pre-0.10 HTML doesn't go dead.\nfunction legacyCompoundShowMatches(payload, fieldValue) {\n  const connective = Array.isArray(payload.all) ? \"all\" : Array.isArray(payload.any) ? \"any\" : null\n  if (!connective) return null\n  const terms = payload[connective]\n  if (terms.length === 0) return null\n  const results = terms.map((term) => dnfTermMatches(term, fieldValue))\n  return connective === \"all\" ? results.every(Boolean) : results.some(Boolean)\n}\n\n// A cross-root show target must be a single ID selector (issue #164) — the\n// SAME shape the #159 mirror enforces (one shared regex), with its own warn so\n// a refused show target is distinguishable in the console. The client half of\n// the two-sided default-deny: reactive_show_targets raises at declare time; a\n// hand-built wire attr must not widen the escape to class/compound selectors.\n// A refused selector warns + skips — its siblings still apply.\nfunction guardShowTargetSelector(selector) {\n  if (typeof selector === \"string\" && MIRROR_ID_SELECTOR.test(selector)) return true\n  console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] refused cross-root show target ${JSON.stringify(selector)} — skipped`)\n  return false\n}\n\n// The first focusable descendant of `el`, in document order — the natural\n// keyboard target inside an opened menu/dialog. Covers the standard focusable\n// set; :not([tabindex=\"-1\"]) drops explicitly-removed nodes. Returns null when\n// nothing inside is focusable (focus_first then no-ops).\nconst FOCUSABLE = 'a[href], button:not([disabled]), input:not([disabled]), select:not([disabled]), textarea:not([disabled]), [tabindex]:not([tabindex=\"-1\"])'\nfunction firstFocusable(el) {\n  return el.querySelectorAll?.(FOCUSABLE)?.[0] ?? null\n}\n\n// Parse a [[name, args], ...] op list from a raw attr/param. An array passes\n// through; a JSON string is parsed; anything malformed degrades to [] — a bad\n// ops attr must NEVER break the page (client-side default-deny). Shared by the\n// controller's runOps and the reactive:js stream action (issue #97).\nfunction parseOps(raw) {\n  if (Array.isArray(raw)) return raw\n  if (typeof raw !== \"string\") return []\n  try {\n    const list = JSON.parse(raw)\n    return Array.isArray(list) ? list : []\n  } catch {\n    return []\n  }\n}\n\n// Normalize a reducer's reserved $ops output (issue #226): the compute `ops`\n// builder (its .ops list), a raw [[name, args], ...] array, or null/undefined\n// (no effect this pass). An EMPTY list is the same as null — \"nothing to run\"\n// must not latch the rising edge. Anything else warns + is dropped\n// (default-deny, like every other malformed op source). Reducers are trusted\n// app code, but their ops still run through the frozen CLIENT_OPS whitelist.\nfunction computeOpsList(raw) {\n  if (raw == null) return null\n  const list = Array.isArray(raw) ? raw : raw.ops\n  if (Array.isArray(list)) return list.length > 0 ? list : null\n  console.warn(\"[phlex-reactive] $ops must be an ops chain or a [[op, args], ...] list — skipped\")\n  return null\n}\n\n// Interpret a [[name, args], ...] op list against the frozen CLIENT_OPS\n// whitelist (issues #95/#96/#97). `resolveTargets(args)` returns the element(s)\n// an op applies to — the controller scopes to its root (excluding nested\n// reactive roots); the reactive:js stream action scopes to its target root (or\n// the document). An unknown name warns and is SKIPPED while the rest of the\n// chain still applies — client-side default-deny, one bad op never takes down\n// its siblings. Object.hasOwn (not a bare read) so inherited Object members\n// (\"constructor\") can't masquerade as ops.\nfunction applyOps(list, resolveTargets) {\n  for (const entry of list) {\n    if (!Array.isArray(entry)) continue\n    const [name, args = {}] = entry\n    if (!Object.hasOwn(CLIENT_OPS, name)) {\n      console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] unknown client op ${JSON.stringify(name)} — skipped`)\n      continue\n    }\n    for (const el of resolveTargets(args)) CLIENT_OPS[name](el, args)\n  }\n}\n\n// Resolve a reactive:js op's targets against its `target` root (issue #97).\n// \"@root\" is the root element itself; a selector resolves WITHIN it; a bare\n// selector with no root (no `target` attr on the stream) resolves document-wide\n// — a broadcast op anchored by a global selector (#bell) rather than a\n// component. Unlike the controller path there is no nested-reactive-root\n// ownership filter: a server-pushed op names its own scope explicitly —\n// including `global: true`, which opts a single op out of the target-root\n// scope to document-wide resolution (issue #159; the same escape the builder\n// documents for the controller path).\nfunction streamOpTargets(args, root) {\n  const to = args.to\n  if (root) {\n    if (to === \"@root\") return [root]\n    if (typeof to !== \"string\" || to === \"\") return []\n    if (args.global) return [...document.querySelectorAll(to)]\n    return [...root.querySelectorAll(to)]\n  }\n  // No target root: document-scoped. \"@root\" is meaningless here (nothing to\n  // anchor to) → no-op; a selector matches document-wide.\n  if (typeof to !== \"string\" || to === \"\" || to === \"@root\") return []\n  return [...document.querySelectorAll(to)]\n}\n\n// Register this controller eagerly (not lazily) so a click immediately after\n// page load is never missed. The phlex-reactive engine auto-pins it with\n// preload: true for importmap apps; see the README for esbuild/webpack.\nexport default class extends Controller {\n  static values = {\n    token: String, // signed identity token (component + record gid/state)\n  }\n\n  #tokenCache // freshest token, threaded synchronously across queued requests\n  #debounceTimers = new Map() // trigger element -> { timer, flush } pending dispatch\n  #throttleTimers = new Map() // trigger element -> Map(action -> suppression timer)\n  #actionPathCache // page-stable action path, resolved once per controller\n  #timeoutMsCache // page-stable request timeout (ms), resolved once per controller (issue #101)\n  #tokenRegexCache // { id, token, self } — #extractToken's two per-id RegExps, rebuilt on id change (issue #118)\n  // Loading-state bookkeeping (issue #99). All keyed so overlapping enqueues\n  // refcount correctly and never clobber each other:\n  #busyPending = 0 // root aria-busy pending counter (remove only at zero)\n  #busyActions = new Map() // action -> in-flight count (root's space-separated busy set + busy_on)\n  #busyTokenCounts = new WeakMap() // element -> Map(action -> count): its data-reactive-busy token set\n  #textDisableSnapshots = new Map() // trigger -> { count, disabled, html } refcounted text/disable snapshot (issue #181)\n  // Issue #183: the `input` events recompute dispatches for its OWN output writes,\n  // marked so a re-entrant recompute on THIS root skips re-running the reducer\n  // (single-pass write set). Per-instance, so another root's events are never\n  // swallowed. WeakSet: entries drop when the short-lived Event is GC'd.\n  #computeSelfDispatched = new WeakSet()\n  // Issue #226: the serialized $ops chain of the LAST reducer pass (null when\n  // absent) — the rising-edge latch, keyed on CONTENT: an identical chain\n  // never re-fires (a capped extra keystroke can't re-submit), while a chain\n  // that CHANGED fires again (a multi-box reducer advancing focus box-by-box\n  // emits a different focus target per digit). The seed pass arms this\n  // without firing.\n  #computeOpsSignature = null\n  // Dirty tracking (issue #103): the bound re-scan (turbo:morph-element) and the\n  // navigate-away guard handlers, held so disconnect() can remove exactly them.\n  #boundScanDirty\n  #boundBeforeUnload\n  #boundBeforeVisit\n  // Show bindings (issue #161): the ONE delegated sync handler shared by the\n  // root's input/change/turbo:morph-element listeners, held for teardown.\n  #boundSyncShow\n  // Completion bindings (issue #226): the delegated gesture handler + the\n  // no-gesture morph arm, held for teardown; the per-binding rising-edge\n  // latches; and the raw-attr memo that re-parses (and resets the latches)\n  // when a morph rewrites the payload.\n  #boundSyncOnComplete\n  #boundArmOnComplete\n  #onCompleteRaw\n  #onCompleteParsed\n  #onCompleteStates\n  // Option filtering (issue #163): the ONE delegated sync handler shared by the\n  // root's input/turbo:morph-element listeners, held for teardown.\n  #boundSyncFilter\n  // Tag-chip input (issue #203): the bound re-projection attached to\n  // turbo:morph-element (a morph rewrites the hidden field to server truth, so\n  // the chip projection must follow), held for teardown — plus the once-only\n  // missing-template warning latch.\n  #boundSyncTags\n  #tagsWarnedTemplate = false\n  // Draft nested-attribute rows (issue #208): the strictly-monotonic index\n  // counter (clock-seeded so it never collides with server-rendered 0..n\n  // indexes) plus the once-only missing-list/template warning latch.\n  #nestedIndex = 0\n  #nestedWarned = false\n  // JSON-mode nested rows (issue #208): the bound delegated input/change\n  // handler and the bound morph re-seed, held so disconnect() removes exactly\n  // them.\n  #boundSyncNestedJson\n  #boundSeedNestedJson\n  // Connect-time compute seed (issue #199): the bound re-seed attached to\n  // turbo:morph-element so an in-place morph re-runs the compute, held for teardown.\n  #boundSeedCompute\n  // Lazy initial mount (issue #165): the bound re-probe attached to\n  // turbo:morph-element so a Turbo page-refresh morph re-fires the defer fetch.\n  #boundProbeLazyDefer\n\n  // Mark that a reactive controller actually connected, so the registration\n  // guard above knows the controller was registered (issue #26 part 2).\n  connect() {\n    reactiveConnected = true\n\n    // Root-id guard (issue #48). The token round trip assumes the reactive root\n    // element's id == component.id: the server targets component.id and the client\n    // self-matches its NEXT token by this.element.id (#extractToken, issue #46).\n    // If `id:` landed on a CHILD instead of the `**reactive_attrs` root, this id is\n    // \"\" — #extractToken falls back to the FIRST token in the response (a child's),\n    // so the next action POSTs a foreign token → endpoint default-deny → silent 403.\n    // Warn NOW (on connect) so the failure surfaces on page load, not on click 2.\n    if (this.element.id === \"\") {\n      console.warn(\n        \"[phlex-reactive] a reactive root has no id; its next-action token can't self-match \" +\n          \"and may fall back to the first token in the response → a silent HTTP 403 on the NEXT action. \" +\n          \"Put id: on the SAME element as reactive_attrs — use div(**reactive_root) (emits id + token together), \" +\n          \"or div(id:, **reactive_attrs). The id: must NOT be on a child. See the README.\"\n      )\n    }\n\n    // Lazy initial mount (issue #165): a reactive_lazy shell carries its defer\n    // token as a ROOT attribute — enter the SAME module-level fetch path a\n    // reply directive uses (supersession, pending markers, error handling\n    // included). Probe on connect (a plain replace / cache restoration\n    // re-connects) AND on turbo:morph-element: a Turbo page-refresh MORPH\n    // re-shows the shell while keeping the element CONNECTED and firing no\n    // Stimulus lifecycle, so a connect-only probe would leave the morphed-in\n    // shell shimmering forever. The supersession registry makes a duplicate\n    // probe a no-op (same target id), so re-probing is safe. The attribute\n    // stays on the shell precisely so a re-appearance re-fires.\n    // Only wire the morph re-probe for a root that IS a lazy shell (carries the\n    // token) — a component that never uses reactive_lazy pays nothing (no\n    // listener), matching the dirty-tracking / show-sync gating precedent.\n    if (this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-defer-token\")) {\n      this.#probeLazyDefer()\n      this.#boundProbeLazyDefer = () => this.#probeLazyDefer()\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundProbeLazyDefer)\n    }\n\n    // Dirty tracking (issue #103) — ONLY when this root opts in (track_dirty: or a\n    // reactive_field(dirty:)), so a component that never uses it pays nothing (no\n    // baseline scan, no morph listener on every broadcast). A plain (outerHTML)\n    // replace re-connects the controller, so seed the baseline scan here — the root\n    // reflects current-vs-default WITHOUT waiting for the first input. An in-place\n    // morph / broadcast morph keeps the element CONNECTED and fires no Stimulus\n    // lifecycle, so ALSO listen for turbo:morph-element on this.element to re-scan\n    // after the morph writes fresh default* attributes (reactive:applied is NOT a\n    // valid hook — it fires when streams are handed to Turbo, BEFORE the DOM\n    // mutation). Both listeners are torn down in disconnect().\n    if (this.#dirtyTrackingEnabled()) {\n      this.#boundScanDirty = () => this.#scanDirty()\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundScanDirty)\n      this.#scanDirty()\n\n      // warn_unsaved: arm a navigate-away guard gated on a LIVE dirty-count read\n      // (never a cached snapshot — the count is re-derived from the DOM each time).\n      // beforeunload covers a real browser unload; turbo:before-visit covers a\n      // Turbo in-app navigation (it does NOT fire on restoration visits — the\n      // documented gap). Registered on window only when the marker is present.\n      if (this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-warn-unsaved\") === \"true\") {\n        this.#armUnsavedGuard()\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Show bindings (issue #161) — ONLY when this root owns one, so a component\n    // without any pays a single probe (the dirty-tracking gate precedent). ONE\n    // delegated listener pair on the root (input + change bubble from every\n    // owned field — no per-field wiring, and a reactive_compute output write\n    // dispatches a real input event, so computed values drive visibility too).\n    // The connect sync seeds the initial state — a plain replace re-connects —\n    // and turbo:morph-element re-syncs after an in-place morph (which keeps the\n    // element connected, fires no Stimulus lifecycle, and may preserve a\n    // user-edited field value the server's hidden attrs don't reflect).\n    if (this.#showSyncEnabled()) {\n      this.#boundSyncShow = () => this.#syncShow()\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncShow)\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"change\", this.#boundSyncShow)\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSyncShow)\n      this.#syncShow()\n    }\n\n    // Completion bindings (issue #226) — ONLY when the root declares\n    // data-reactive-on-complete (the show/filter gate precedent). ONE\n    // delegated input+change listener evaluates every binding's DNF over the\n    // owned fields and runs its ops on the RISING EDGE — the event-driven\n    // flip to true. The connect pass ARMS without firing (a fresh render with\n    // already-satisfied conditions must never self-fire — the $ops seed\n    // precedent), and turbo:morph-element re-arms the same way after an\n    // in-place morph. Listeners added HERE run after the Stimulus-wired\n    // recompute delegation for the same event, so the evaluation reads\n    // compute-NORMALIZED values (and a compute output write dispatches a real\n    // input event that re-evaluates anyway).\n    if (this.#onCompleteEnabled()) {\n      this.#boundSyncOnComplete = (event) => this.#syncOnComplete(event)\n      this.#boundArmOnComplete = () => this.#syncOnComplete(null)\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncOnComplete)\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"change\", this.#boundSyncOnComplete)\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundArmOnComplete)\n      this.#syncOnComplete(null)\n    }\n\n    // Option filtering (issue #163) — ONLY when the root declares the binding\n    // (reactive_filter emits both attrs together), so a component without one\n    // pays two attribute reads. ONE delegated input listener on the root — the\n    // handler re-filters only for events from the NAMED input, so keystrokes in\n    // unrelated fields on a wide form never pay a filter pass. The connect sync\n    // seeds from the input's current value (a plain replace re-connects; back\n    // navigation may restore typed text), and turbo:morph-element re-applies\n    // after an in-place morph (which keeps the element connected, fires no\n    // Stimulus lifecycle, and may preserve the user's typed query while the\n    // server re-rendered every option visible).\n    if (this.#filterEnabled()) {\n      this.#boundSyncFilter = (event) => {\n        if (event?.type === \"input\" && !this.#filterInputEvent(event)) return\n        this.#syncFilter()\n      }\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncFilter)\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSyncFilter)\n      this.#syncFilter()\n    }\n\n    // Tag-chip input (issue #203) — ONLY when the root names the hidden value\n    // field (reactive_tags), so a component without one pays one attribute\n    // read. The chip list is a CLIENT PROJECTION of the hidden field's\n    // comma-joined value: connect seeds it (a plain replace re-connects with\n    // the server-rendered value), and turbo:morph-element re-projects after an\n    // in-place morph (the morph wrote server truth into the hidden field while\n    // the chips DOM kept the pre-morph projection). Registered AFTER the\n    // filter's listeners so a morph re-filters first and the tags pass then\n    // re-marks selected options on the fresh visibility state.\n    if (this.#tagsEnabled()) {\n      this.#boundSyncTags = () => this.#syncTags()\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSyncTags)\n      this.#syncTags()\n    }\n\n    // JSON-mode nested rows (issue #208) — ONLY when the root owns a list with\n    // `as: :json`, so a form without one pays a single probe (the show/filter/\n    // tags gate precedent). ONE delegated input + change listener re-serializes\n    // the rows into the hidden field on every owned edit (nestedAdd/Remove call\n    // the sync directly; this covers typing into a row's fields). The connect\n    // seed writes the initial array (a plain replace re-connects), and\n    // turbo:morph-element re-seeds after an in-place morph (which keeps the\n    // element connected, fires no Stimulus lifecycle, and may have rewritten\n    // the rows to server truth while the hidden field kept its pre-morph value).\n    if (this.#nestedJsonEnabled()) {\n      this.#boundSyncNestedJson = (event) => this.syncNestedJson(event)\n      this.#boundSeedNestedJson = () => this.#syncAllNestedJson()\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncNestedJson)\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"change\", this.#boundSyncNestedJson)\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSeedNestedJson)\n      this.#syncAllNestedJson()\n    }\n\n    // Connect-time compute seed (issue #199) — ONLY when the root carries a\n    // reactive_compute binding that opts in (data-reactive-compute-seed). A\n    // freshly-rendered compute root (a first paint, or a server validation-error\n    // re-render that replaced the body) computed NOTHING until the first user\n    // `input`; apps worked around it by dispatching a synthetic seed `input` on\n    // connect, but the compute root is a distinct Stimulus controller that may\n    // connect a frame later, so the seed raced its own wiring — the reported\n    // symptom being a PARTIAL apply (an early output paints; a later output + the\n    // mirror stay blank). Running ONE recompute() HERE — after Stimulus has fully\n    // connected the controller and wired the input->recompute delegation — runs\n    // the whole single-pass write set (issue #183) synchronously, so every\n    // declared output, text sink, and cross-root mirror paints from one reducer\n    // result. It is client-only (recompute never enqueues a round trip) and\n    // idempotent (change-guarded writes make a re-seed a no-op — an app still\n    // dispatching a synthetic input is harmless). A plain replace re-connects and\n    // re-seeds; an in-place morph keeps the element CONNECTED and fires no\n    // Stimulus lifecycle, so ALSO re-seed on turbo:morph-element (the show/filter/\n    // dirty precedent). No event is passed, so meta.changed is null — the correct\n    // \"no field edited yet\" seed semantics; a convergent reducer's default branch\n    // computes the full settled set (see compute.js CONVERGENCE REQUIREMENT).\n    if (this.#computeSeedEnabled()) {\n      this.#boundSeedCompute = () => this.recompute()\n      this.element.addEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSeedCompute)\n      this.recompute()\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Whether this root opts into dirty tracking (issue #103): track_dirty: puts the\n  // trackDirty descriptor on the ROOT's data-action; a per-field reactive_field(\n  // dirty:) puts it on a descendant field. Either turns tracking on. A quick\n  // attribute read + one scoped query, evaluated once per connect (a cold path).\n  #dirtyTrackingEnabled() {\n    if ((this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-action\") ?? \"\").includes(\"reactive#trackDirty\")) return true\n    const nodes = this.element.querySelectorAll?.('[data-action*=\"reactive#trackDirty\"]') ?? []\n    for (const el of nodes) if (this.#ownsField(el)) return true\n    return false\n  }\n\n  // Tear down any pending debounce timers when the controller leaves the DOM\n  // (Turbo morph/navigation removes the element). Otherwise a timer that hasn't\n  // fired yet would later call #enqueue on a disconnected controller — a round\n  // trip against a detached element / stale token (issue #17 follow-up).\n  // Throttle suppression timers (issue #80) are torn down the same way — a\n  // leading-edge timer holds no pending POST, but leaving it running would leak\n  // it past the element's life.\n  disconnect() {\n    this.#clearAllDebounces()\n    this.#clearAllThrottles()\n    this.#teardownDirtyTracking()\n    this.#teardownShowSync()\n    this.#teardownOnCompleteSync()\n    this.#teardownFilterSync()\n    this.#teardownTagsSync()\n    this.#teardownNestedJsonSync()\n    this.#teardownComputeSeed()\n    if (this.#boundProbeLazyDefer) {\n      this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundProbeLazyDefer)\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Lazy initial mount probe (issue #165): fetch the real content when THIS\n  // root is a reactive_lazy shell that still carries its defer token AND the\n  // pending marker. Gating on the pending marker is what makes a re-probe (a\n  // Turbo morph re-showing the shell) fire while a re-probe of an already\n  // RESOLVED root (real content, no token, no marker) is a no-op. The\n  // module-level supersession registry dedupes a duplicate in-flight fetch for\n  // the same id, so calling this on both connect and every morph is safe.\n  #probeLazyDefer() {\n    const el = this.element\n    if (!el?.id) return\n    const token = el.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-defer-token\")\n    if (!token) return\n    if (el.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-defer-pending\") !== \"true\") return\n    startFetchDefer(el.id, token)\n  }\n\n  // Serialize requests per component. Each round trip rewrites the signed\n  // token in the DOM (state lives in the token, not the client). If events\n  // fire faster than round trips complete, concurrent requests would all read\n  // the SAME stale token and clobber each other (last-write-wins). Chaining on\n  // a per-controller promise makes each dispatch wait for the previous one, so\n  // it always uses the freshest token.\n  dispatch(event) {\n    // `window` (renamed: never shadow the global) and `outside` are the event-\n    // modifier params (issue #80). The client decides preventDefault behavior\n    // from event.params — set by the Ruby on() — never by sniffing the\n    // Stimulus descriptor.\n    const { action, params, debounce, throttle, confirm, confirmWhen, outside, window: windowBound, optimistic } =\n      event.params\n    if (!action) return\n\n    // The pending-state hint (issue #181): data-reactive-busy-param. During a\n    // deploy overlap a page rendered by the PREVIOUS gem still emits the old\n    // data-reactive-loading-param — read it as a fallback so an in-flight page\n    // keeps its pending affordance until the next full render. The old `class:`\n    // key is remapped to add_class: so it flows through the one hint applier.\n    const busy = event.params.busy ?? this.#legacyLoadingHint(event.params.loading)\n\n    // Outside guard FIRST (issue #80): an outside: trigger only fires for\n    // events whose target is OUTSIDE this component's ROOT (containment against\n    // this.element — .contains includes the root itself). An event inside the\n    // root must be a COMPLETE no-op — before preventDefault (the page's native\n    // click behavior is untouched) and before the reactive:before-dispatch\n    // lifecycle event (nothing to announce, nothing to veto).\n    if (outside && this.element.contains(event.target)) return\n\n    // The trigger is event.currentTarget — the element on(...) was spread onto —\n    // NOT event.target (issue #99). A `<button><span>Save</span></button>` click\n    // has target === the span, which carries no params and is the wrong element\n    // to disable / swap text on. currentTarget is the bound element; fall back to\n    // target for a directly-invoked/synthetic event. Captured now because\n    // #proceed runs in a later microtask (after the confirm resolver), by which\n    // point currentTarget is reset to null.\n    const target = event.currentTarget ?? event.target\n\n    // Stop native behavior (button submit / FORM NAVIGATION) HERE, synchronously\n    // within the event dispatch — BEFORE the (possibly async) confirm gate below.\n    // preventDefault() only works while the event is still being handled; once we\n    // await the confirm resolver it's too late, and a `submit` trigger would\n    // natively POST the form and navigate before the reactive round trip runs\n    // (issue #11). For a `click` trigger there's no default to miss. This holds\n    // for debounced triggers too — the round trip is deferred, but the native\n    // default must still be prevented now. (Moved ahead of the confirm branch in\n    // issue #55: an async resolver means we can't preventDefault after awaiting.)\n    //\n    // ONLY for element-bound triggers: a window-bound trigger (window:/outside:,\n    // issue #80) hears EVERY matching event on the page — preventDefault-ing\n    // those would kill every link click while a dropdown is mounted. The page's\n    // native behavior proceeds alongside the reactive round trip.\n    //\n    // The `checked: :keep` optimistic hint (issue #98) OPTS OUT: for a click-bound\n    // checkbox/radio the unconditional preventDefault is exactly what stops the\n    // native flip from happening before the morph — so a bare checkbox click\n    // (which has no form-navigation default to lose) skips it and flips now, and\n    // the failure revert snaps it back. A `change`-bound trigger is unaffected —\n    // `change` isn't cancelable, so preventDefault was already a no-op there.\n    if (!windowBound && !this.#keepsNativeToggle(optimistic, target)) event.preventDefault()\n\n    // Resolve the EFFECTIVE confirm message (issue #179): a plain string confirm:\n    // is that string (static, #52); a Hash confirm: (confirmWhen) evaluates its\n    // condition/predicate over the collected fields and returns the message ONLY\n    // when it fires, else null → no dialog. No confirm at all → also null.\n    const message = this.#effectiveConfirmMessage(confirm, confirmWhen)\n\n    // No message → proceed straight away (unchanged fast path).\n    if (!message) return this.#proceed(target, action, params, debounce, throttle, optimistic, busy)\n\n    // Confirmation gate (issue #52, made overridable + async in #55). A reactive\n    // trigger can't use Hotwire's data-turbo-confirm — this controller preempts\n    // the event — so a `confirm:` message routes through confirmResolver (default\n    // window.confirm; an app can override it to reuse Turbo.config.forms.confirm).\n    // The resolver may be sync or async; call it INSIDE the chain (via the leading\n    // .then) so even a SYNCHRONOUS override throw rejects this promise instead of\n    // escaping dispatch — a throwing dialog is treated as a cancel, like the user\n    // dismissing it. The .catch is scoped to the resolver step (→ false = cancel),\n    // so a dismissed/erroring dialog never surfaces as an unhandled rejection AND a\n    // genuine bug inside #proceed is NOT silently swallowed. Enqueue ONLY on a\n    // truthy resolution — nothing is enqueued, no timer scheduled, otherwise.\n    // The resolver's optional 2nd arg (issue #222) carries the trigger element,\n    // so an override has the same ctx shape here as on nestedRemove ({ el, … }).\n    Promise.resolve()\n      .then(() => confirmResolver(message, { el: target }))\n      .catch(() => false)\n      .then((ok) => {\n        if (ok) this.#proceed(target, action, params, debounce, throttle, optimistic, busy)\n      })\n  }\n\n  // CLIENT-ONLY trigger entry point (issue #95) — the zero-round-trip sibling\n  // of dispatch(). Wired by on_client: applies the declared op chain\n  // (data-reactive-ops-param, built by Phlex::Reactive::JS) locally. NO token,\n  // NO params, NO fetch, ever. Ops are ephemeral UI: any server re-render of\n  // the component resets whatever they toggled (by design — a signed action\n  // owns state that must survive re-renders).\n  runOps(event) {\n    const { ops, confirm, confirmWhen, outside, window: windowBound } = event.params\n    // The trigger element on_client was spread onto (issue #222 ctx: { el }),\n    // captured now — currentTarget resets before the confirm resolver's microtask.\n    const trigger = event.currentTarget ?? event.target\n\n    // Outside guard FIRST — identical semantics to dispatch() (issue #80): an\n    // outside: trigger is a COMPLETE no-op for events inside this root, before\n    // preventDefault and before any op runs.\n    if (outside && this.element.contains(event.target)) return\n\n    // Element-bound triggers preventDefault (a bare button inside a <form>\n    // must not submit it); window-bound triggers (window:/outside:) never do —\n    // they hear every matching event on the page, and preventDefault-ing those\n    // would kill native clicks site-wide (issue #80 rationale). Runs BEFORE the\n    // (possibly async) confirm gate below — a native default can't wait for a\n    // pending dialog (same ordering as dispatch()).\n    if (!windowBound) event.preventDefault()\n\n    // Resolve the effective confirm message — static string, or the conditional\n    // Hash form (issue #179) evaluated over collected fields. Null → no dialog.\n    const message = this.#effectiveConfirmMessage(confirm, confirmWhen)\n\n    // No message → apply straight away (unchanged fast path, no prompt).\n    if (!message) return this.#applyOps(this.#parseOps(ops))\n\n    // Confirmation gate for client ops (issue #178) — the SAME confirmResolver\n    // gate on(:action, confirm:) uses (issues #52/#55), reused verbatim so a\n    // themed dialog set with setConfirmResolver covers BOTH paths. A destructive\n    // client op (clear a draft, reset a form) gets the one-line themed confirm\n    // without a round trip. Call the resolver INSIDE the chain (leading .then)\n    // so even a SYNCHRONOUS override throw rejects here instead of escaping\n    // runOps — a throwing dialog is a cancel, like dismissing it. The gate is\n    // here (the user gesture), NOT in #applyOps: that applier is shared with the\n    // server-pushed reactive:js stream action, which must NEVER prompt.\n    Promise.resolve()\n      .then(() => confirmResolver(message, { el: trigger }))\n      .catch(() => false)\n      .then((ok) => {\n        if (ok) this.#applyOps(this.#parseOps(ops))\n      })\n  }\n\n  // Dirty tracking (issue #103). Wired by reactive_field(dirty: true) /\n  // reactive_root(track_dirty: true): an `input` on an owned field runs a FULL\n  // re-scan of every field this root owns. NO round trip, NO shipped state — the\n  // baseline is the DOM's own defaultValue/defaultChecked/defaultSelected (the\n  // last server render). A full pass (not a per-target toggle) is essential for\n  // radio groups: the deselected radio flips to checked=false and fires no input\n  // event, so only re-scanning everything keeps its flag honest.\n  trackDirty() {\n    this.#scanDirty()\n  }\n\n  // Client-side compute (data binding). Wired by reactive_compute: an `input`\n  // trigger (input->reactive#recompute) runs a REGISTERED JS reducer over the\n  // named input fields and writes the named output fields WITH NO ROUND TRIP —\n  // the \"instant\" half of the new/unpersisted-record UX. If the field ALSO\n  // carries on(...) (a persisted record, or a synced draft), that debounced POST\n  // still fires and the server reply reconciles; recompute just paints first.\n  //\n  // Reads inputs/outputs/reducer from the root's data-reactive-compute-* attrs\n  // (set once by reactive_compute_attrs). A missing/unregistered reducer is a\n  // no-op — a page must never break because a binding wasn't wired up.\n  //\n  // The reducer gets a second argument, meta = { changed } (issue #75): the\n  // name of the declared input the triggering event edited, or null for a\n  // direct call / an unowned or undeclared target. A multi-way rebalance\n  // branches on it (edit c → derive a; else → derive c). Note that a #76\n  // output write dispatches a real input event, so recompute RE-ENTERS with\n  // changed = that output's name — the reducer must be convergent (see\n  // compute.js) so the change guard settles the chain.\n  recompute(event) {\n    // Issue #183 — single-pass write set: an `input` event this method dispatched\n    // for its OWN output writes is self-marked. Re-running the reducer on it would\n    // re-enter from a partially-written DOM (the old mid-loop-dispatch corruption\n    // class). Skip the reducer for our own event — but ONLY ours: the marker lives\n    // in a per-instance WeakSet, so a genuinely different root's compute event (or\n    // a real user edit) is never swallowed. The event still bubbled and fired every\n    // OTHER listener (dirty tracking, show bindings, sibling roots) before reaching\n    // here; we simply don't recompute a second time from our own write.\n    if (event && this.#computeSelfDispatched.has(event)) return\n\n    // Inputs may be a JSON ARRAY of names (array form — every input coerced\n    // through Number, the shipped behavior) or a JSON OBJECT of name→type (hash\n    // form, issue #104 — :number coerced, :string read raw). #parseComputeInputs\n    // returns [name, type] pairs either way (array form defaults type \"number\").\n    const inputPairs = this.#parseComputeInputs()\n    const inputs = inputPairs.map(([name]) => name)\n\n    // Resolve every declared input AND output through ONE per-call resolver whose\n    // ownership probe is computed ONCE (issue #117), replacing the per-name\n    // closest() walk #ownedField did on every read — a 30-field calculator paid\n    // ~60 closest() sweeps per keystroke. #ownershipFilter returns a constant-true\n    // predicate in the common no-nested-root case (skipping closest() entirely)\n    // and the exact #ownsField check when a nested reactive root is present\n    // (issue #15 scoping, byte-identical to before). Resolution is memoized in a\n    // per-CALL Map, FIRST-WINS, so a name read as an input AND written as an\n    // output resolves to the SAME element and is queried once.\n    //\n    // Why per-name `[name=\"X\"]` queries and not one bare `[name]` sweep: a single\n    // sweep is the natural \"one walk\", but the resolver must issue the SAME\n    // per-name query shape the field walk always has (the issue-#15 unit fakes\n    // answer only `[name=\"X\"]`). It is O(distinct declared names) queries, not the\n    // old O(inputs + outputs) — the ownership decision is hoisted out of the loop.\n    // The memo is per-CALL only: an output write dispatches `input` (issue #76),\n    // re-entering recompute, which correctly rebuilds a fresh map (a morph may\n    // have replaced the nodes) — it is NEVER stored on the instance.\n    // Scope (issue #183, mirroring #showFieldValue): a bare compute name `cash`\n    // under `data-reactive-scope=\"order\"` resolves as `[name=\"order[cash]\"]`. A\n    // name already carrying a bracket (a raw wire name the author passed) is used\n    // verbatim — so bracketed literals pass through unscoped.\n    const scope = this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-scope\") || null\n    const scoped = (name) => (scope && !name.includes(\"[\") ? `${scope}[${name}]` : name)\n\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    const byName = new Map()\n    const ownedField = (name) => {\n      if (byName.has(name)) return byName.get(name)\n      let found = null\n      for (const el of this.element.querySelectorAll(`[name=\"${scoped(name)}\"]`)) {\n        if (owns(el)) {\n          found = el // FIRST-WINS (radio groups, Rails hidden+checkbox name pairs)\n          break\n        }\n      }\n      byName.set(name, found)\n      return found\n    }\n\n    // Identity-mirror pass (issue #104), ALWAYS run — even with NO registered\n    // reducer, so reactive_text(:title) mirrors a field into its text node with\n    // zero reducer wiring. Each declared input's RAW string value is written to\n    // its owned [data-reactive-text=\"<name>\"] node(s). It runs BEFORE the reducer\n    // early-return below so a reducer-less binding still mirrors.\n    for (const name of inputs) this.#mirrorText(name, ownedField(name)?.value ?? \"\")\n\n    const key = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-compute-reducer-param\")\n    const reduce = key ? computeReducer(key) : null\n    if (!reduce) {\n      // No reducer registered: the identity pass above still ran, so declared\n      // cross-root mirrors of the INPUT names still paint (issue #159) — a\n      // reducer-less binding mirrors, exactly like the owned-text-node case.\n      this.#applyComputeMirrors({}, ownedField)\n      return\n    }\n\n    const outputs = this.#parseComputeList(\"data-reactive-compute-outputs-param\")\n\n    // Coerce each input per its declared type (issue #104): \"string\" → the raw\n    // display string (blank/absent → \"\"); else (\"number\", the array-form default)\n    // → the numeric coercion (blank/NaN → 0, the nanToZero the hand-written\n    // calculators use). Reads from the memoized resolver — no re-query.\n    const values = {}\n    for (const [name, type] of inputPairs) {\n      const field = ownedField(name)\n      if (type === \"string\") {\n        values[name] = field?.value ?? \"\"\n      } else {\n        const n = Number(field?.value)\n        values[name] = Number.isFinite(n) ? n : 0\n      }\n    }\n\n    // meta.changed stays on #changedComputeField (its own #ownsField check over\n    // the raw event target) — NOT this resolver. The issue-#15 nested-rejection\n    // test depends on that path being unchanged. ONE run, from the ONE pre-write\n    // snapshot above (issue #183): its result drives the whole single-pass write.\n    const result = reduce(values, { changed: this.#changedComputeField(event, inputs, scope) }) || {}\n\n    // The reserved $ops output (issue #226) is CONSUMED here — normalized once,\n    // then excluded from every write phase below (it is an op chain, never a\n    // field value, text sink, or mirror), and applied as phase 4.\n    const reducerOps = computeOpsList(result.$ops)\n\n    // Issue #183 — SINGLE-PASS WRITE SET. Ordered phases, so declared output\n    // order stops being semantics and a wrong order can no longer corrupt values:\n    //\n    //   1. BATCH the field writes from the ONE result. Each output name in the\n    //      allowlist (outputs:) whose owned field's value actually changes is\n    //      written now (change-guarded) and remembered — but NO `input` event is\n    //      dispatched yet, so nothing re-enters mid-batch.\n    //   2. PAINT the sinks from the SETTLED values: any owned reactive_text node by\n    //      presence (issue #183 change #4 — a text node no longer needs its name in\n    //      outputs:), then the cross-root mirror: ids (issue #159).\n    //   3. DISPATCH a self-marked `input` on each changed field. The marker (a\n    //      per-instance WeakSet) makes recompute skip re-running the reducer for our\n    //      own write, while the event still fires every OTHER listener (chained\n    //      repaint, dirty tracking, show bindings, sibling roots).\n    //   4. RUN the reducer's $ops chain (issue #226) — rising-edge, event-gated —\n    //      so its ops (dispatch a completion event, submit the form) always see\n    //      the fully settled DOM and every chained listener has already run.\n    const changedFields = []\n    for (const name of outputs) {\n      if (name === \"$ops\" || !(name in result)) continue\n      const field = ownedField(name)\n      if (!field) continue // a non-field output paints as a text sink in phase 2\n      if (String(result[name]) === field.value) continue // change-guard — unchanged, skip\n      field.value = result[name]\n      changedFields.push(field)\n    }\n\n    // Phase 2 — text sinks declare themselves (issue #183 change #4): every result\n    // key paints into any owned [data-reactive-text=\"<name>\"] node by PRESENCE,\n    // regardless of outputs: membership. Runs from settled field values. A null/\n    // undefined result value is SKIPPED (never stringified to \"null\"/\"undefined\") —\n    // the same \"no value this pass, don't paint\" filter #applyComputeMirrors uses.\n    for (const name of Object.keys(result)) {\n      if (name === \"$ops\") continue\n      const value = result[name]\n      if (value === undefined || value === null) continue\n      this.#mirrorText(name, value)\n    }\n\n    // Cross-root text mirrors (issue #159) — AFTER the batch + text sinks, so a\n    // mirror keyed on a just-written output paints the settled value.\n    this.#applyComputeMirrors(result, ownedField)\n\n    // Phase 3 — dispatch the deferred `input` events (issue #183). Real browsers\n    // do NOT fire `input` on a programmatic .value write (issue #76), so we do it\n    // ourselves, matching the server's set_value + dispatch(\"input\") contract.\n    // Each event is SELF-MARKED so our own re-entry skips the reducer (guard at the\n    // top of recompute) — but the event still bubbles and fires every other\n    // listener. Dispatched AFTER all writes + paints, so a chained listener reads\n    // SETTLED values, never a half-written DOM.\n    for (const field of changedFields) {\n      const inputEvent = new Event(\"input\", { bubbles: true })\n      this.#computeSelfDispatched.add(inputEvent)\n      field.dispatchEvent(inputEvent)\n    }\n\n    // Phase 4 — the reducer's $ops chain (issue #226), after everything settled.\n    // Event-gated: a seed/direct recompute() pass (no event) arms the latch but\n    // never fires, so a restored/re-rendered complete value can't auto-fire.\n    this.#applyComputeOps(reducerOps, Boolean(event))\n  }\n\n  // Apply a reducer-emitted $ops chain (issue #226) on its RISING EDGE, keyed\n  // on CONTENT: fire only when THIS pass's chain differs from the LAST pass's\n  // (including from \"absent\"), and only on an event-driven pass. An unchanged\n  // chain never re-fires — \"still complete, same submit\" is settled, exactly\n  // like the change-guarded field writes. A pass with no $ops re-arms; a pass\n  // whose chain CHANGED fires again (per-keystroke focus advance across OTP\n  // boxes is a different focus target each time — a deliberately new intent).\n  // Ops run through the shared CLIENT_OPS interpreter with runOps's\n  // root-scoped target resolution; a missing to: defaults to \"@root\"\n  // (hand-written reducer ergonomics).\n  #applyComputeOps(list, eventDriven) {\n    const signature = list === null ? null : JSON.stringify(list)\n    const fire = signature !== null && signature !== this.#computeOpsSignature && eventDriven\n    this.#computeOpsSignature = signature\n    if (!fire) return\n    applyOps(list, (args) => this.#opTargets(args.to == null ? { ...args, to: \"@root\" } : args))\n  }\n\n  // Client-side list navigation (combobox keyboard nav, issue #72). Wired by\n  // on(:search, …, listnav: \"[role=option]\"), which appends keyboard filters to\n  // the input's data-action (keydown.down/up/enter/esc->reactive#listnav*) and\n  // sets data-reactive-listnav-option-param. Arrow keys move a highlight among\n  // the options WITH NO ROUND TRIP; Enter picks the highlighted option by\n  // CLICKING IT (so its own on(:select) reactive trigger fires — selection stays\n  // a signed action); Escape clears. Ephemeral highlight state lives on the DOM\n  // (data-reactive-highlighted), never shipped to the client as trusted state.\n  listnavNext(event) {\n    this.#moveHighlight(event, +1)\n  }\n\n  listnavPrev(event) {\n    this.#moveHighlight(event, -1)\n  }\n\n  // Enter: activate the highlighted option (fires its reactive select). No-op if\n  // nothing is highlighted, and in that case DON'T preventDefault — Enter falls\n  // through (there's no selection to make).\n  listnavPick(event) {\n    const options = this.#listnavOptions(event)\n    const current = options.findIndex((el) => el.hasAttribute(\"data-reactive-highlighted\"))\n    if (current < 0) return\n    event.preventDefault()\n    options[current].click()\n  }\n\n  listnavClose(event) {\n    for (const el of this.#listnavOptions(event)) el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-highlighted\")\n  }\n\n  // Move the highlight by `step` (with wrap-around) among THIS root's options.\n  // preventDefault stops Arrow keys from moving the caret in the search input.\n  #moveHighlight(event, step) {\n    const options = this.#listnavOptions(event)\n    if (!options.length) return\n    event.preventDefault()\n\n    const current = options.findIndex((el) => el.hasAttribute(\"data-reactive-highlighted\"))\n    // From nothing: Down highlights the first option, Up the last.\n    const next = current < 0 ? (step > 0 ? 0 : options.length - 1) : (current + step + options.length) % options.length\n\n    for (const el of options) el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-highlighted\")\n    const chosen = options[next]\n    chosen.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-highlighted\", \"true\")\n    chosen.scrollIntoView?.({ block: \"nearest\" })\n  }\n\n  // The option elements this root owns (skips nested reactive roots, issue #15),\n  // per the selector on data-reactive-listnav-option-param. The attr rides on the\n  // TRIGGER element (the search input on(...) is spread onto), read from the\n  // event; the options are still scoped to this controller's root. Empty when\n  // unset. Falls back to the root for a directly-invoked call (unit tests). The\n  // ownership predicate is hoisted ONCE per keypress (issue #117) — in the common\n  // no-nested-root case it is a constant true, skipping a closest() walk per\n  // option. Hidden options are excluded (issue #163): a reactive_filter (or any\n  // `hidden` toggle) removes a row from the keyboard path too, so an Arrow can't\n  // highlight — and Enter can't pick — an invisible option.\n  #listnavOptions(event) {\n    const trigger = event?.currentTarget ?? event?.target ?? this.element\n    const selector =\n      trigger.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-listnav-option-param\") ??\n      this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-listnav-option-param\")\n    if (!selector) return []\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    return Array.from(this.element.querySelectorAll(selector)).filter((el) => !el.hidden && owns(el))\n  }\n\n  // Tag-chip input (issue #203) — the composed combobox/tags primitive. The\n  // root's data-reactive-tags-field names the hidden input that stores the\n  // COMMA-JOINED value; these three actions are its only writers. All of it is\n  // FORM state (like text in an input) — no token, no POST: the surrounding\n  // form submit carries the joined value. The chip list is re-projected from\n  // the field on every write (#syncTags), so the field stays the single source\n  // of truth.\n  //\n  // Enter on the query input: add the TYPED text — unless this Enter belongs\n  // to listnav (reactive_tags_add composes after reactive_listnav on the same\n  // keydown.enter). Two guards make the composition order-independent:\n  // defaultPrevented means listnavPick ALREADY picked the highlighted option\n  // (adding the typed text too would double-add); a still-visible highlighted\n  // option means listnavPick is ABOUT to pick it (when tagsAdd is bound\n  // first). Past the guards, Enter is OURS — preventDefault unconditionally so\n  // it can never submit the enclosing form (blank input included). A\n  // comma-separated paste splits into individual tags (the value is\n  // comma-joined, so a comma can never be part of one tag). The input clears\n  // only when something was actually added — a duplicate keeps the typed text\n  // for correction.\n  tagsAdd(event) {\n    if (!this.#tagsEnabled()) return\n    if (event?.defaultPrevented) return\n    if (this.#listnavOptions(event).some((el) => el.hasAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-highlighted\"))) return\n    event?.preventDefault?.()\n\n    const input = event?.currentTarget ?? event?.target\n    if (!input) return\n    const added = this.#tagsAddValues(String(input.value ?? \"\").split(\",\"))\n    if (!added) return\n    input.value = \"\"\n    if (this.#filterEnabled()) this.#syncFilter()\n  }\n\n  // Click (or listnav Enter, which CLICKS the highlighted option) on a\n  // preloaded option: add its DECLARED tag (data-reactive-tag-param — set by\n  // reactive_tags_option, never free text). After a successful add, reset the\n  // query so the next tag starts from the full list: clear the filter input,\n  // re-narrow, and hand focus back for continued typing.\n  tagsPick(event) {\n    if (!this.#tagsEnabled()) return\n    event?.preventDefault?.()\n\n    const trigger = event?.currentTarget ?? event?.target\n    const tag = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tag-param\")\n    if (!tag) return\n    if (!this.#tagsAddValues([tag])) return\n\n    const input = this.#tagsQueryInput()\n    if (!input) return\n    input.value = \"\"\n    this.#syncFilter()\n    input.focus?.()\n  }\n\n  // Click on a chip's remove button: drop its tag (case-insensitive match, the\n  // dedupe convention) from the hidden value. The re-projection removes the\n  // chip and resurfaces the option. Removing an absent tag is a no-op.\n  tagsRemove(event) {\n    if (!this.#tagsEnabled()) return\n    event?.preventDefault?.()\n\n    const trigger = event?.currentTarget ?? event?.target\n    const tag = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tag-param\")\n    if (!tag) return\n    const field = this.#tagsField()\n    if (!field) return\n\n    const tags = this.#tagsRead(field)\n    const next = tags.filter((t) => t.toLowerCase() !== tag.toLowerCase())\n    if (next.length === tags.length) return\n    this.#tagsWrite(field, next)\n  }\n\n  // Draft nested-attribute rows (issue #208) — the \"new parent + child rows\"\n  // window. The rows are FORM state (the reactive_tags posture): no token, no\n  // POST, ever — the surrounding REAL form submit carries Rails'\n  // accepts_nested_attributes_for names and the server reconciles parent +\n  // rows in ONE create. Add clones the association's server-owned\n  // <template data-reactive-nested-template=\"assoc\"> row, swaps every NEW_ROW\n  // in the clone's name/id/for for a fresh unique index (each row posts as its\n  // own `…_attributes[<index>][field]` group), appends it to the owned\n  // [data-reactive-nested-list=\"assoc\"] container, and focuses the new row's\n  // first field. Several collections can share one root — everything is keyed\n  // by the association name the trigger carries.\n  nestedAdd(event) {\n    event?.preventDefault?.()\n    const trigger = event?.currentTarget ?? event?.target\n    const assoc = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-association-param\")\n    if (!assoc) return\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    const list = [...this.element.querySelectorAll(`[data-reactive-nested-list=\"${assoc}\"]`)].find(owns)\n    const template = [...this.element.querySelectorAll(`[data-reactive-nested-template=\"${assoc}\"]`)].find(owns)\n    const proto = template?.content?.firstElementChild\n    if (!list || !proto) {\n      this.#warnNestedOnce(assoc)\n      return\n    }\n\n    const row = proto.cloneNode(true)\n    this.#renumberNestedRow(row, this.#nextNestedIndex())\n    list.appendChild(row)\n\n    // Fill-then-add (issue #208 Scenario A): seed the cloned row from named\n    // source controls OUTSIDE the row, then (optionally) clear the sources.\n    // Runs AFTER renumber+append so a seeded field's name already carries its\n    // final `[<index>][field]` form — the key match agrees with what JSON mode\n    // reads. `seeded` is the FIRST source we cleared/read, so fill-then-add can\n    // return focus to the sources instead of stealing it into the new row.\n    const fromJson = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-nested-from-param\")\n    const clear = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-nested-clear-param\") === \"true\"\n    const firstSource = this.#seedNestedRow(row, fromJson, clear)\n\n    // Focus: inline-edit (no from:) focuses the new row's first field so you\n    // type INTO it; fill-then-add keeps focus on the sources (the first one) so\n    // you keep entering the next item — stealing focus would break that loop.\n    if (fromJson) firstSource?.focus?.()\n    else [...(row.querySelectorAll?.(\"input, select, textarea\") ?? [])][0]?.focus?.()\n\n    // JSON mode (issue #208): a freshly-added row must land in the hidden field\n    // immediately (seeded values included), so the serialized array reflects the\n    // DOM even before the first keystroke. A no-op when not `as: :json`.\n    if (list.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-nested-json\") === assoc) this.#syncNestedJson(assoc)\n  }\n\n  // Fill-then-add (issue #208): copy each source control's value into the\n  // matching cloned-row field, keyed by the trailing bracket segment of the\n  // field's name (#nestedJsonKey — the SAME inference JSON mode uses, so the\n  // two features can't drift). Sources resolve root-scoped and owned (#15); an\n  // unresolved source or an unmatched key is silently skipped (the row still\n  // adds — a half-mapped binding must never throw on click). Returns the FIRST\n  // source control read (for focus), or null. With `clear`, resets every source\n  // it read via the set-value + dispatch contract (#183) so dirty/show/compute\n  // observe the reset.\n  #seedNestedRow(row, fromJson, clear) {\n    if (!fromJson) return null\n    let map\n    try {\n      map = JSON.parse(fromJson)\n    } catch {\n      return null\n    }\n    if (!map || typeof map !== \"object\") return null\n\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    const rowFields = [...(row.querySelectorAll?.(\"input, select, textarea\") ?? [])]\n    const sources = []\n    for (const [key, selector] of Object.entries(map)) {\n      const source = [...(this.element.querySelectorAll?.(selector) ?? [])].find(owns)\n      if (!source) continue\n      const target = rowFields.find((field) => this.#nestedJsonKey(field.getAttribute?.(\"name\")) === key)\n      if (!target) continue\n      this.#seedNestedField(target, source)\n      sources.push(source)\n    }\n    if (clear) for (const source of sources) this.#clearNestedSource(source)\n    return sources[0] ?? null\n  }\n\n  // Copy a source control's value into a cloned-row field, then dispatch a\n  // bubbling `input` (the set-value + dispatch contract, #183). Checkbox ↔\n  // checkbox copies the checked state; every other target takes the source's\n  // submit-shaped value (#nestedFieldValue), so a checkbox source feeding a\n  // text field lands \"on\"/\"\" exactly as a submit would.\n  #seedNestedField(target, source) {\n    if (target.type === \"checkbox\") {\n      target.checked = source.type === \"checkbox\" ? !!source.checked : this.#nestedFieldValue(source) !== \"\"\n    } else {\n      target.value = this.#nestedFieldValue(source)\n    }\n    if (typeof target.dispatchEvent === \"function\") {\n      target.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"input\", { bubbles: true }))\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Reset a source control after a fill-then-add (issue #208), dispatching a\n  // bubbling `input` so dirty tracking / reactive_show / compute see the reset.\n  #clearNestedSource(source) {\n    if (source.type === \"checkbox\") source.checked = false\n    else source.value = \"\"\n    if (typeof source.dispatchEvent === \"function\") {\n      source.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"input\", { bubbles: true }))\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Remove the trigger's closest row wrapper. A DRAFT row (no [_destroy]\n  // input) leaves the DOM — it was never persisted, so removing its fields IS\n  // the removal. A PERSISTED row (an edit form rendered a hidden [_destroy]\n  // input via nested_field_name) is marked \"1\" and hidden instead — Rails\n  // destroys it on save. The mark dispatches a real bubbling `input` (the\n  // set-value + dispatch contract, issue #183) so dirty tracking/compute see it.\n  nestedRemove(event) {\n    event?.preventDefault?.()\n    const trigger = event?.currentTarget ?? event?.target\n    const row = trigger?.closest?.(\"[data-reactive-nested-row]\")\n    if (!row) return\n    // The closest() walk must not escape this root — a root can itself sit\n    // inside ANOTHER collection's row (the issue #15 closest-form posture).\n    if (row.closest?.('[data-controller~=\"reactive\"]') !== this.element) return\n\n    // Confirm gate (issue #218): reactive_nested_remove(confirm:) emits the SAME\n    // data-reactive-confirm[-when]-param the other triggers do (nestedRemove reads\n    // params via getAttribute, not event.params, so pull them off the trigger),\n    // routed through the SAME #effectiveConfirmMessage + confirmResolver seam. A\n    // static string always shows; a conditional Hash fires only when it matches,\n    // else null. No confirm attr → null → the immediate-remove fast path.\n    const confirm = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-confirm-param\")\n    const confirmWhen = trigger?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-confirm-when-param\")\n    const rawMessage = this.#effectiveConfirmMessage(confirm, confirmWhen)\n    if (!rawMessage) return this.#removeNestedRow(row)\n\n    // Per-row confirm interpolation (issue #222). A row added client-side is a\n    // cloneNode of the <template>, and the clone carries the TEMPLATE's confirm\n    // string verbatim — the renumber/seed steps never rewrite the confirm attr.\n    // So resolve %{field} placeholders here, from THIS row's live field values\n    // (read now, not at clone time, so a later edit is reflected). An unresolved\n    // key is left as its literal %{key} (debuggable, never throws). Server-\n    // rendered rows already interpolate server-side, so their finished strings\n    // carry no %{}; this is a no-op for them.\n    const fields = this.#nestedRowObject(row)\n    const message = this.#interpolateConfirm(rawMessage, fields)\n\n    // Gate through the overridable confirmResolver (issues #52/#55/#178) — a\n    // themed dialog set with setConfirmResolver covers this trigger too. Pass the\n    // row context (issue #222, superset of proposal 3) as an optional 2nd arg so\n    // a power-user override can build the string itself; the message is already\n    // interpolated for the default window.confirm path. Call the resolver INSIDE\n    // the chain so even a SYNCHRONOUS override throw is a cancel (like a dismissed\n    // dialog), and remove ONLY on a truthy resolution.\n    return Promise.resolve()\n      .then(() => confirmResolver(message, { el: trigger, row, fields }))\n      .catch(() => false)\n      .then((ok) => {\n        if (ok) this.#removeNestedRow(row)\n      })\n  }\n\n  // Resolve %{field} placeholders in a confirm message from a row's field map\n  // (issue #222). Ruby-style %{name} tokens; an unresolved key is left verbatim\n  // (a visible, debuggable placeholder — never an empty hole or a throw). A\n  // message with no placeholders returns unchanged, so this is inert for every\n  // server-rendered (already-interpolated) confirm string.\n  #interpolateConfirm(message, fields) {\n    if (!message.includes(\"%{\")) return message\n    return message.replace(/%\\{(\\w+)\\}/g, (whole, key) =>\n      Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(fields, key) ? fields[key] : whole,\n    )\n  }\n\n  // The remove itself, shared by the confirmed and no-confirm paths. Draft rows\n  // leave the DOM; a persisted row (a hidden [_destroy] input present) is marked\n  // \"1\" + hidden instead (set-value + dispatch contract, #183), so Rails destroys\n  // it on save. Then re-sync every owned JSON-mode list (#208) — an absent row\n  // IS the removal; a form without a JSON list iterates an empty set and exits.\n  #removeNestedRow(row) {\n    const destroy = [...(row.querySelectorAll?.('input[name$=\"[_destroy]\"]') ?? [])][0]\n    if (destroy) {\n      destroy.value = \"1\"\n      if (typeof destroy.dispatchEvent === \"function\") {\n        destroy.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"input\", { bubbles: true }))\n      }\n      row.hidden = true\n    } else {\n      row.parentNode?.removeChild?.(row)\n    }\n\n    this.#syncAllNestedJson()\n  }\n\n  // JSON-mode nested rows (issue #208) — the delegated input/change handler.\n  // An app whose controller parses a serialized JSON param instead of Rails'\n  // accepts_nested_attributes_for opts a list into `as: :json`; the client\n  // then mirrors that list's rows into ONE hidden field as a JSON array on\n  // every owned edit. Public so Stimulus can bind it; a no-op unless the\n  // edited field belongs to a JSON-mode list this root owns.\n  syncNestedJson(event) {\n    const target = event?.target\n    if (!target || !this.#ownsField(target)) return\n    // Re-serialize every JSON-mode list (an edit could touch any of them; the\n    // per-list owned-row scan is cheap and keeps this handler association-free).\n    this.#syncAllNestedJson()\n  }\n\n  // Serialize every owned JSON-mode list into its hidden field. The connect\n  // seed and the input/remove re-syncs funnel through here so one place owns\n  // the \"DOM rows → JSON field\" projection.\n  #syncAllNestedJson() {\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    for (const list of [...this.element.querySelectorAll(\"[data-reactive-nested-json]\")].filter(owns)) {\n      this.#syncNestedJson(list.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-nested-json\"))\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Project ONE JSON-mode list's surviving rows into its hidden field. Each\n  // row becomes an object keyed by the trailing bracket segment of its inputs'\n  // names (…[title] → \"title\"); a hidden/_destroy-marked row is skipped (an\n  // absent row IS the removal — JSON carries no destroy marker). The write\n  // uses the set-value + dispatch contract (issue #183) so dirty tracking,\n  // reactive_show, and compute see the change — but only when the value\n  // actually changed, so a connect seed on an already-correct field is silent.\n  #syncNestedJson(assoc) {\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    const list = [...this.element.querySelectorAll(`[data-reactive-nested-list=\"${assoc}\"]`)].find(owns)\n    if (!list) return\n    const field = this.#nestedJsonField(list)\n    if (!field) return\n\n    const rows = []\n    for (const row of [...(list.querySelectorAll?.(\"[data-reactive-nested-row]\") ?? [])]) {\n      if (!owns(row) || row.hidden) continue\n      rows.push(this.#nestedRowObject(row))\n    }\n\n    const next = JSON.stringify(rows)\n    if (field.value === next) return\n    field.value = next\n    if (typeof field.dispatchEvent === \"function\") {\n      field.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"input\", { bubbles: true }))\n    }\n  }\n\n  // The hidden field a JSON-mode list mirrors into — resolved fresh (a morph\n  // replaces nodes, never cache it) and OWNED by this root (#15). null when\n  // the selector resolves nothing, so the caller no-ops (a half-built binding\n  // must never break the page).\n  #nestedJsonField(list) {\n    const selector = list.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-nested-json-field\")\n    if (!selector) return null\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    return [...this.element.querySelectorAll(selector)].find(owns) ?? null\n  }\n\n  // One row → { key: value } over its named form controls. The JSON key is the\n  // trailing bracket segment of each control's name (order[todos_attributes]\n  // [3][title] → \"title\"; a bare `title` → \"title\"), the \"infer from input\n  // names\" contract. The [_destroy] control is dropped (JSON has no destroy\n  // marker). Later inputs with the same key win (last-wins, the DOM order).\n  #nestedRowObject(row) {\n    const obj = {}\n    for (const el of [...(row.querySelectorAll?.(\"input, select, textarea\") ?? [])]) {\n      const key = this.#nestedJsonKey(el.getAttribute?.(\"name\"))\n      if (key === null || key === \"_destroy\") continue\n      obj[key] = this.#nestedFieldValue(el)\n    }\n    return obj\n  }\n\n  // The trailing bracket segment of a field name (the inferred JSON key), or\n  // the bare name when it carries no brackets. null for a nameless control\n  // (a bare button, an unnamed helper input) — skipped by the caller.\n  #nestedJsonKey(name) {\n    if (!name) return null\n    const match = name.match(/\\[([^\\][]+)\\]$/)\n    return match ? match[1] : name\n  }\n\n  // A form control's submitted value: an unchecked checkbox contributes \"\" (it\n  // wouldn't post at all), a checked one its value (default \"on\"); everything\n  // else its .value. Keeps the JSON shape close to what a real form submit\n  // would carry for the same control.\n  #nestedFieldValue(el) {\n    if (el.type === \"checkbox\") return el.checked ? (el.value || \"on\") : \"\"\n    return el.value ?? \"\"\n  }\n\n  // Parse a JSON string list from a root data attr; [] on absence/parse error so\n  // a malformed binding degrades to \"no fields\" rather than throwing on input.\n  #parseComputeList(attr) {\n    const raw = this.element.getAttribute(attr)\n    if (!raw) return []\n    try {\n      const list = JSON.parse(raw)\n      return Array.isArray(list) ? list : []\n    } catch {\n      return []\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Parse the inputs param into [name, type] pairs (issue #104). The wire is a\n  // JSON ARRAY of names (array form → every input typed \"number\", the shipped\n  // numeric coercion) OR a JSON OBJECT of name→type (hash form → \":string\" read\n  // raw, \":number\" coerced). Malformed/absent degrades to [] — a bad binding\n  // must never throw on input.\n  #parseComputeInputs() {\n    const raw = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-compute-inputs-param\")\n    if (!raw) return []\n    try {\n      const parsed = JSON.parse(raw)\n      if (Array.isArray(parsed)) return parsed.map((name) => [name, \"number\"])\n      if (parsed && typeof parsed === \"object\") return Object.entries(parsed)\n      return []\n    } catch {\n      return []\n    }\n  }\n\n  // The declared compute input the event just edited — the reducer's\n  // meta.changed (issue #75). The triggering field counts only when it is a\n  // named form control OWNED by this root (not a nested reactive root's, issue\n  // #15) AND its name is among the declared compute inputs; anything else\n  // (a direct call, an unowned/undeclared target) yields null.\n  //\n  // Scope-aware (issue #184): under data-reactive-scope, the edited field's DOM\n  // name is scoped (order[allowance]) while the declared inputs are BARE\n  // (allowance). Strip the scope prefix off the DOM name before comparing, and\n  // return the BARE name — so a reducer branching on `changed` sees the same\n  // names it declared, scoped or not.\n  #changedComputeField(event, inputs, scope) {\n    const target = event?.target\n    if (!target?.name || typeof target.closest !== \"function\") return null\n    const bare = this.#unscopeName(target.name, scope)\n    if (!inputs.includes(bare)) return null\n    return this.#ownsField(target) ? bare : null\n  }\n\n  // Strip a leading `scope[…]` wrapper off a DOM field name, returning the bare\n  // inner name; a name that isn't wrapped in this scope passes through unchanged.\n  #unscopeName(name, scope) {\n    if (!scope) return name\n    const prefix = `${scope}[`\n    return name.startsWith(prefix) && name.endsWith(\"]\") ? name.slice(prefix.length, -1) : name\n  }\n\n  // Write `value` into every owned [data-reactive-text=\"<name>\"] node via\n  // textContent (issue #104) — XSS-safe by construction (never innerHTML). Drives\n  // both the identity mirror (an input's raw value) and a text-node output (a\n  // reducer result with no matching field). Change-guarded (skip an unchanged\n  // node) and NO input dispatch — a text node has no listener contract. String()\n  // so a numeric result renders like the DOM would.\n  #mirrorText(name, value) {\n    const text = String(value)\n    for (const node of this.#ownedTextNodes(name)) {\n      if (node.textContent === text) continue\n      node.textContent = text\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Every [data-reactive-text=\"<name>\"] mirror OWNED by this root (skips nested\n  // reactive roots, issue #15). Empty when none — reactive_text is optional.\n  #ownedTextNodes(name) {\n    const nodes = this.element.querySelectorAll(`[data-reactive-text=\"${name}\"]`)\n    return Array.from(nodes).filter((el) => this.#ownsField(el))\n  }\n\n  // Cross-root text mirrors (issue #159): paint every DECLARED mirror name into\n  // its allowlisted document-wide id targets via textContent — the opt-in escape\n  // from root isolation (issue #15) for a recap OUTSIDE the computing root. The\n  // value is the reducer's result when it produced one, else the owned field's\n  // CURRENT value (an input identity mirror / a just-written output) — one\n  // declaration covers all three shapes. A name with NO value this pass is\n  // SKIPPED (a mirror never blanks a recap the reducer didn't feed). textContent\n  // only (never innerHTML), change-guarded, and NO input dispatch — same\n  // contract as #mirrorText. With no mirror declared this is one getAttribute\n  // and out — the shipped compute path never touches the document.\n  #applyComputeMirrors(result, ownedField) {\n    const mirror = this.#parseComputeMirror()\n    for (const [name, selectors] of Object.entries(mirror)) {\n      const value = name in result ? result[name] : ownedField(name)?.value\n      if (value === undefined || value === null) continue\n      const text = String(value)\n      for (const sel of Array.isArray(selectors) ? selectors : [selectors]) {\n        if (!guardMirrorSelector(sel)) continue\n        for (const node of document.querySelectorAll(sel)) {\n          if (node.textContent === text) continue\n          node.textContent = text\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // The declared cross-root mirror map (issue #159): a JSON object of\n  // { name: [id selectors] } from data-reactive-compute-mirror-param (emitted by\n  // reactive_compute's `mirror:`). Absent/malformed degrades to {} — a bad\n  // binding must never throw on input.\n  #parseComputeMirror() {\n    const raw = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-compute-mirror-param\")\n    if (!raw) return {}\n    try {\n      const parsed = JSON.parse(raw)\n      return parsed && typeof parsed === \"object\" && !Array.isArray(parsed) ? parsed : {}\n    } catch {\n      return {}\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Enqueue the action — debounced if a debounce window is set, else immediately.\n  // Split out of dispatch so both the no-confirm fast path and the post-confirm\n  // microtask share one place (issue #55). `target` is captured up front because\n  // this can run in a later microtask, after event.target has been reset.\n  #proceed(target, action, params, debounce, throttle, optimistic, busy) {\n    // Lifecycle veto point (issue #79): one cancelable reactive:before-dispatch\n    // per user gesture — post-preventDefault, post-confirm, PRE-debounce (and\n    // PRE-throttle, the same timing). event.preventDefault() skips the\n    // debounce/throttle AND the enqueue entirely (nothing is scheduled).\n    // retry() re-enters the queue directly, so this does NOT refire on a retry.\n    // detail.params are the trigger's explicit params; sibling fields are\n    // collected later, at send time.\n    const before = this.#emit(\"reactive:before-dispatch\", {\n      action,\n      params: this.#parseParams(params),\n      element: this.element,\n    }, { cancelable: true })\n    if (before.defaultPrevented) return\n\n    // Debounced trigger (e.g. on(:update, event: \"input\", debounce: 300)):\n    // coalesce rapid events into ONE round trip after a quiet period, instead of\n    // one POST per keystroke (issue #17). A blur flushes a pending dispatch.\n    // The optimistic hint (issue #98) and the busy state (issue #181) ride to\n    // the flush too, so they apply ONCE per enqueue — a debounced input must not\n    // flap toggle_class per keystroke, and its element must NOT be disabled\n    // during the quiet period (that would break typing). Both apply at ENQUEUE.\n    const ms = Number(debounce) || 0\n    if (ms > 0) return this.#debounceDispatch(target, ms, action, params, optimistic, busy)\n\n    // Throttled trigger (e.g. on(:track, event: \"scroll\", window: true,\n    // throttle: 250), issue #80): LEADING-EDGE rate limit — fire the first\n    // event immediately, drop the rest until the window elapses. debounce and\n    // throttle are mutually exclusive (the Ruby on() raises on both).\n    const throttleMs = Number(throttle) || 0\n    if (throttleMs > 0) return this.#throttleDispatch(target, throttleMs, action, params, optimistic, busy)\n\n    return this.#enqueue(action, params, optimistic, target, busy)\n  }\n\n  // Apply the optimistic hint ONCE (recording its inverse) and chain the round\n  // trip, threading that inverse onto THIS queued request so the serialized\n  // per-controller queue reverts the RIGHT request's hint on failure (issue\n  // #98). Applying here — the single flush/enqueue point every path funnels\n  // through — is what makes a hint apply once per enqueue, not per raw dispatch.\n  //\n  // The busy state (issue #181) applies here too, for the same reason: enqueue\n  // is the moment the request is committed to the queue, so the always-on busy\n  // vocabulary (data-reactive-busy on the trigger + root, aria-busy via a pending\n  // counter, busy_on scoping) and the busy hint (disable + class + text swap)\n  // cover the WHOLE pending window — queue wait included — not just the fetch. It\n  // returns a `settle` closure that #perform runs in its finally (success OR\n  // failure), guarded so a morph-replaced trigger is never clobbered.\n  #enqueue(action, params, optimistic, target, busy) {\n    const inverse = this.#applyOptimistic(optimistic, target)\n    const settle = this.#applyBusy(action, target, busy)\n    // Debug-only teaching aid (issue #181): if optimistic: { hide: true } is used\n    // for instant-delete but the reply RE-RENDERS the element (bringing it back),\n    // that hint was pointless — the developer likely wanted reply.remove. Capture\n    // the hidden nodes now; the success path re-checks the OBSERVED DOM after the\n    // morph (never inferred from the verb) and warns if any came back visible.\n    const resurrect = this.#debugEnabled() ? this.#buildResurrectionCheck(optimistic, target) : null\n    this.queue = (this.queue ?? Promise.resolve())\n      .then(() => this.#perform(action, params, inverse, settle, resurrect))\n    return this.queue\n  }\n\n  // Snapshot the elements an optimistic hide: targeted (the trigger, or the `to:`\n  // selector) so the success path can detect a resurrection. Returns null unless\n  // a hide: hint is present — nothing else can be \"resurrected\".\n  #buildResurrectionCheck(optimistic, target) {\n    if (!optimistic?.hide) return null\n    const hidden = this.#hintTargets(optimistic, target)\n    if (!hidden.length) return null\n    return () => {\n      const back = hidden.filter((el) => el.isConnected && !el.hidden)\n      if (!back.length) return\n      console.warn(\n        \"[phlex-reactive] optimistic: { hide: true } was undone by the reply's re-render — \" +\n          \"the element is visible again. For an instant delete, return reply.remove so the \" +\n          \"server removes it; otherwise the hide only flashes.\",\n        back,\n      )\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Reset a per-element timer; only enqueue the round trip after `ms` of quiet.\n  // Also flush immediately on blur so leaving the field never drops the last\n  // edit (a long debounce shouldn't swallow a value the user tabbed away from).\n  #debounceDispatch(target, ms, action, params, optimistic, busy) {\n    this.#clearDebounce(target)\n\n    const flush = () => {\n      this.#clearDebounce(target)\n      this.#enqueue(action, params, optimistic, target, busy)\n    }\n    const timer = setTimeout(flush, ms)\n    target?.addEventListener?.(\"blur\", flush, { once: true })\n    this.#debounceTimers.set(target, { timer, flush })\n  }\n\n  #clearDebounce(target) {\n    const pending = this.#debounceTimers.get(target)\n    if (!pending) return\n    clearTimeout(pending.timer)\n    target?.removeEventListener?.(\"blur\", pending.flush)\n    this.#debounceTimers.delete(target)\n  }\n\n  // Clear every pending debounce timer (used on disconnect). Reuses\n  // #clearDebounce so all timer/listener teardown stays in one place. Snapshot\n  // the keys first — #clearDebounce mutates the map as it goes.\n  #clearAllDebounces() {\n    for (const target of [...this.#debounceTimers.keys()]) this.#clearDebounce(target)\n  }\n\n  // Leading-edge throttle (issue #80), mirroring #debounceDispatch: the FIRST\n  // event fires immediately; a suppression timer then drops further events\n  // until the window elapses (no trailing fire — dropped, not queued). Timers\n  // are keyed on action + target, NOT target alone: window-bound scroll/resize\n  // events all share event.target === document, so two window-bound triggers\n  // on one component would otherwise collide on one timer.\n  #throttleDispatch(target, ms, action, params, optimistic, busy) {\n    const timers = this.#throttleTimers.get(target) ?? new Map()\n    if (timers.has(action)) return // inside the window — suppress\n\n    const timer = setTimeout(() => {\n      timers.delete(action)\n      if (timers.size === 0) this.#throttleTimers.delete(target)\n    }, ms)\n    timers.set(action, timer)\n    this.#throttleTimers.set(target, timers)\n    return this.#enqueue(action, params, optimistic, target, busy) // leading edge: fire NOW\n  }\n\n  // Clear every throttle suppression timer (used on disconnect, alongside\n  // #clearAllDebounces) so nothing outlives the element.\n  #clearAllThrottles() {\n    for (const timers of this.#throttleTimers.values()) {\n      for (const timer of timers.values()) clearTimeout(timer)\n    }\n    this.#throttleTimers.clear()\n  }\n\n  // Raw-dispatch a lifecycle CustomEvent (issue #79). Deliberately NOT\n  // Stimulus's this.dispatch() helper — that name is SHADOWED by this\n  // controller's own dispatch(event) action method. Bubbling + composed so a\n  // page-level listener (or `data-action=\"reactive:error->toast#show\"` on an\n  // ancestor) hears it. After a plain (non-morph) replace this.element is a\n  // DETACHED node — a bubbling event on it never reaches document listeners —\n  // so fall back to dispatching on document itself.\n  #emit(name, detail, { cancelable = false } = {}) {\n    const event = new CustomEvent(name, { bubbles: true, composed: true, cancelable, detail })\n    const root = this.element.isConnected ? this.element : document\n    root.dispatchEvent(event)\n    return event\n  }\n\n  // reactive:error detail: { action, params, kind, status?, body?, retry }.\n  // `params` are the FULL params that were sent (collected fields + explicit\n  // trigger params). retry() re-enters the request queue with the ORIGINAL raw\n  // trigger params, so #perform re-reads the freshest token and RE-COLLECTS the\n  // sibling fields — nothing stale is replayed. It does not refire\n  // reactive:before-dispatch (one veto per user gesture), and it no-ops with a\n  // warning once the root has left the DOM (retrying against a detached\n  // element would post a stale token into nowhere).\n  #emitError(action, rawParams, sentParams, extra) {\n    const retry = () => {\n      if (!this.element.isConnected) {\n        console.warn(\"[phlex-reactive] retry() ignored — the reactive root left the DOM\")\n        return\n      }\n      return this.#enqueue(action, rawParams)\n    }\n    this.#emit(\"reactive:error\", { action, params: sentParams, ...extra, retry })\n  }\n\n  // Mark the reactive root as errored (issue #100) with the failure kind, so an\n  // app can style it purely in CSS ([data-reactive-error] { … }) with zero JS.\n  // Guarded — a plain replace may have detached the root before the failure lands.\n  #markError(kind) {\n    if (this.element?.isConnected === false) return\n    this.element?.setAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-error\", kind)\n  }\n\n  // Clear the failure marker on the next successful apply (issue #100).\n  #clearError() {\n    this.element?.removeAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-error\")\n  }\n\n  // Offline fallback (issue #100): a network failure reached no server, so there\n  // is no body to render. Clone the content of a server-rendered\n  // <template data-reactive-error-flash> into the flash region so the user still\n  // sees SOMETHING. The template is app-authored (trusted) — this is a pure\n  // deep clone, never client templating of untrusted data. No template, or no\n  // flash container, is a silent no-op (a page without the opt-in is unchanged).\n  #renderNetworkFallback() {\n    const template = document.querySelector(\"[data-reactive-error-flash]\")\n    if (!template?.content) return\n    // The flash region is the host-app container Response#flash targets. Its id\n    // defaults to \"flash\" (Phlex::Reactive.flash_target); an app that customized\n    // it can point the fallback at the same node by putting the template's\n    // data-reactive-error-flash value there — but the common case is #flash.\n    const targetId = template.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-error-flash\") || \"flash\"\n    const region = document.getElementById(targetId)\n    if (!region) return\n    region.appendChild(template.content.cloneNode(true))\n  }\n\n  // Latency simulator (issue #102): if enableLatencySim(ms) stored a delay in\n  // sessionStorage, await it before the fetch so the busy window (already open\n  // since enqueue) is actually visible on localhost. Reads the key LIVE per\n  // request — like the CSRF token — so toggling the sim mid-session takes effect\n  // on the very next action without a reload. A missing sessionStorage, an absent\n  // key, or a non-positive/NaN value resolves immediately (no timer, no delay) —\n  // the whole feature is inert for any app that never opts in. Warns ONCE while\n  // active (module-level guard), not once per request.\n  #maybeSimulateLatency() {\n    if (typeof sessionStorage === \"undefined\") return Promise.resolve()\n    const ms = Number(sessionStorage.getItem(LATENCY_KEY))\n    if (!Number.isFinite(ms) || ms <= 0) return Promise.resolve()\n    if (!latencyBannerShown) {\n      latencyBannerShown = true\n      console.warn(\n        `[phlex-reactive] latency simulator ACTIVE — every action is delayed by ${ms}ms. ` +\n          \"Call PhlexReactive.disableLatencySim() (or clear sessionStorage) to turn it off.\",\n      )\n    }\n    return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms))\n  }\n\n  // Client debug mode (issue #108) — the \"devtools-lite\" lens. On when the Ruby\n  // reactive_attrs stamped data-reactive-debug=\"true\" (Phlex::Reactive.debug).\n  // Read live (a single getAttribute) so the whole feature is inert for any app\n  // that never opts in: OFF → this returns false and #perform builds no debug\n  // object, parses no response, and logs nothing (the \"zero cost when off\"\n  // invariant — one nil-check per dispatch). Guarded for a stub root with no\n  // getAttribute (unit harnesses) so it degrades to off, never throwing.\n  #debugEnabled() {\n    return this.element?.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-debug\") === \"true\"\n  }\n\n  // A monotonic timestamp for the round-trip duration (ms). performance.now is\n  // monotonic (immune to a wall-clock adjustment mid-request); Date.now is the\n  // fallback for an exotic environment without it. ONLY called on the debug path,\n  // so it costs nothing when debug is off.\n  #debugNow() {\n    return typeof performance !== \"undefined\" && typeof performance.now === \"function\"\n      ? performance.now()\n      : Date.now()\n  }\n\n  // Parse a turbo-stream response's action + target pairs for the debug trace,\n  // from the body text #perform ALREADY read (never a re-fetch). NAMES only — the\n  // <template> contents (rendered HTML, the fresh token) are deliberately not\n  // touched. A non-turbo-stream / empty body yields [] (nothing to report).\n  #debugStreams(body) {\n    if (!body) return []\n    const streams = []\n    const re = /<turbo-stream\\b([^>]*)>/g\n    let match\n    while ((match = re.exec(body)) !== null) {\n      const attrs = match[1]\n      const action = attrs.match(/\\baction=\"([^\"]*)\"/)?.[1] ?? \"?\"\n      const target = attrs.match(/\\btarget=\"([^\"]*)\"/)?.[1]\n      streams.push(target ? `${action} → #${target}` : action)\n    }\n    return streams\n  }\n\n  // console.group ONE dispatch (issue #108). Carries NAMES + outcomes ONLY — the\n  // signed token VALUE and every field/param VALUE are deliberately absent (they\n  // may be sensitive; the whole point is observability without leaking data). The\n  // caller passes the info it already holds so nothing is recomputed or re-fetched:\n  //   { action, paramNames, fieldNames, encoding, status, streams, tokenRefreshed, ms }\n  // `console.groupCollapsed` keeps the console tidy (one collapsed line per action).\n  #logDispatch(info) {\n    const { action, status, ms } = info\n    // The client can't name the component CLASS (it's inside the signed, opaque\n    // token — never decoded here), but the root's id is the stable client-side\n    // handle (e.g. #todo_42), so the header reads `reactive #todo_42 rename → …`.\n    const who = this.element?.id ? `#${this.element.id} ` : \"\"\n    const header = `reactive ${who}${action} → ${status ?? \"—\"} (${Math.round(ms)}ms)`\n    /* eslint-disable no-console */\n    console.groupCollapsed(header)\n    console.log(`params: [${info.paramNames.join(\", \")}] + collected: [${info.fieldNames.join(\", \")}]`)\n    console.log(`encoding: ${info.encoding}`)\n    if (info.streams.length) console.log(`streams: ${info.streams.join(\"   \")}`)\n    console.log(`token: ${info.tokenRefreshed ? \"refreshed ✓\" : \"unchanged\"}`)\n    console.groupEnd()\n    /* eslint-enable no-console */\n  }\n\n  async #perform(action, params, inverse, settle, resurrect) {\n    // Auto-collect named field values inside this component so a button-\n    // triggered action still receives sibling inputs (Livewire-style), plus any\n    // chosen file inputs in the SAME walk. Explicit params\n    // (data-reactive-params-param) win over collected fields.\n    const { fields, files } = this.#collectFields()\n    // Parse the explicit trigger params ONCE — reused below for allParams and, on\n    // the debug path, for the params-only name list (so the trace can show\n    // `params: [...]` distinct from the collected `+ collected: [...]`). #parseParams\n    // is pure (a fresh object from a JSON string, or the same object by reference\n    // when already parsed); allParams spreads a COPY and nothing mutates parsedParams\n    // downstream (JSON.stringify / #buildFormData read allParams, a new object).\n    const parsedParams = this.#parseParams(params)\n    const allParams = { ...fields, ...parsedParams }\n    const token = this.#currentToken\n\n    // File/multipart path (issue #34): if THIS root has a populated\n    // <input type=\"file\">, the action can't be JSON (JSON.stringify drops the\n    // File). Send FormData instead — token + act + scalar params as fields, each\n    // chosen file appended. The morph/token machinery downstream is identical;\n    // only the request ENCODING differs when files are present.\n    const multipart = files.length > 0\n    const body = multipart\n      ? this.#buildFormData(token, action, allParams, files)\n      : JSON.stringify({ token, act: action, params: allParams })\n\n    // Client debug mode (issue #108): build the trace object ONLY when debug is on\n    // (one nil-check otherwise — zero cost off). It carries NAMES only: the\n    // explicit trigger param names and the collected sibling field names, split so\n    // the group shows `params: [...] + collected: [...]`. status/streams/\n    // tokenRefreshed are filled in at the branch that knows them; the group is\n    // emitted once in the finally so EVERY exit (success or any failure) logs.\n    const debug = this.#debugEnabled()\n      ? {\n          action,\n          paramNames: Object.keys(parsedParams),\n          fieldNames: Object.keys(fields),\n          encoding: multipart ? \"multipart\" : \"json\",\n          status: null,\n          streams: [],\n          tokenRefreshed: false,\n          started: this.#debugNow(),\n        }\n      : null\n\n    // aria-busy on the root is now driven by the loading pending counter\n    // (#applyLoading, applied at ENQUEUE so it covers the queue wait too), not\n    // set here. #settleLoading in the finally clears it — see #enqueue.\n\n    // Latency simulator (issue #102): the busy window (aria-busy + loading state)\n    // is already applied at enqueue, so awaiting the configured delay HERE — after\n    // that window opened and before the fetch — is what makes it visible on\n    // localhost. A null/absent/non-positive sessionStorage key is a no-op (zero\n    // production surface), so this line vanishes for any app that never opts in.\n    await this.#maybeSimulateLatency()\n\n    try {\n      // Offline gate (issue #101), authoritative at the NETWORK BOUNDARY (send\n      // time), not at enqueue. A click can enqueue while online and reach here\n      // after going offline (a debounced/queued request, a rapid transition) —\n      // gating in #perform makes the kind consistently \"offline\" for that whole\n      // condition instead of leaking through as a \"network\" fetch throw. The\n      // fetch never fires, so the edit is not half-sent; the finally still runs\n      // (settle clears loading), the optimistic hint reverts, and retry() (which\n      // re-enters #perform) re-checks and sends once back online.\n      if (navigator.onLine === false) {\n        this.#revertOptimistic(inverse)\n        this.#markError(\"offline\")\n        this.#emitError(action, params, allParams, { kind: \"offline\" })\n        return\n      }\n\n      let response\n      try {\n        const headers = {\n          Accept: \"text/vnd.turbo-stream.html\",\n          \"X-CSRF-Token\": this.#csrfToken(),\n        }\n        // For JSON we declare the content type; for multipart we must NOT — the\n        // browser sets `multipart/form-data; boundary=…` itself, and overriding it\n        // would strip the boundary and corrupt the body server-side.\n        if (!multipart) headers[\"Content-Type\"] = \"application/json\"\n        // Send the pgbus SSE connection id (if subscribed) so the server can\n        // exclude this connection from its own broadcast echo — the actor\n        // already gets the action's HTTP response. Harmless without pgbus.\n        const connectionId = this.#connectionId()\n        if (connectionId) headers[\"X-Pgbus-Connection\"] = connectionId\n\n        // ONLY `fetch` itself is the network boundary — offline, DNS, a reset\n        // connection. Everything below this inner try (reading the body,\n        // extracting the token, handing streams to Turbo) runs AFTER the\n        // server already processed the mutation, so none of it belongs in the\n        // `kind: \"network\"` / retriable bucket (CodeRabbit review on #89): if\n        // renderStreamMessage throws, retry()ing would re-POST an action the\n        // server already completed — see the outer catch below. (NOT a\n        // reactive:applied LISTENER throwing — per the DOM spec, dispatchEvent\n        // never propagates a listener's exception back to its caller, so that\n        // case can't reach this catch at all; verified in the JS test suite.)\n        response = await fetch(this.#actionPath(), {\n          method: \"POST\",\n          headers,\n          body,\n          credentials: \"same-origin\",\n          // Bound the request (issue #101): a server that never answers used to\n          // wedge this.queue forever (the finally that clears aria-busy/loading\n          // never ran). AbortSignal.timeout(ms) aborts the fetch after the\n          // configured window; the abort surfaces in this catch as a\n          // DOMException named \"TimeoutError\" (see the branch below).\n          signal: AbortSignal.timeout(this.#timeoutMs()),\n        })\n      } catch (error) {\n        console.error(\"[phlex-reactive] action error\", error)\n        this.#revertOptimistic(inverse)\n        // AbortSignal.timeout() rejects with a DOMException named \"TimeoutError\"\n        // (a manual AbortController.abort() would be \"AbortError\" — we don't use\n        // one, but accept it too for robustness). A timeout is NOT \"offline\":\n        // the request left and the server didn't answer in time; connectivity is\n        // unknown. So do NOT clone the offline-fallback template or mark network\n        // — just fire kind:\"timeout\" (retriable). The queue still advances\n        // (#perform returns, never rejects), so the hung request un-wedges it.\n        if (error?.name === \"TimeoutError\" || error?.name === \"AbortError\") {\n          this.#markError(\"timeout\")\n          this.#emitError(action, params, allParams, { kind: \"timeout\" })\n          return\n        }\n        // No server reached — nothing to render (issue #100). Clone a\n        // server-rendered <template data-reactive-error-flash> into the flash\n        // region as an offline fallback. The template is rendered by the app\n        // (trusted), so this is a pure clone — no client templating of data.\n        this.#renderNetworkFallback()\n        this.#markError(\"network\")\n        this.#emitError(action, params, allParams, { kind: \"network\" })\n        return\n      }\n\n      // Debug (issue #108): the server answered — record the status for the trace\n      // now, so every response branch below (redirected/http/content-type/ok) logs\n      // it. The transport-failure branches above return before here (they have no\n      // status); their group still fires from the finally with status null → \"—\".\n      if (debug) debug.status = response.status\n\n      if (response.redirected) {\n        console.error(\"[phlex-reactive] action was redirected (auth/CSRF?) — no update applied\")\n        this.#revertOptimistic(inverse)\n        this.#markError(\"redirected\")\n        this.#emitError(action, params, allParams, { kind: \"redirected\", status: response.status })\n        return\n      }\n      if (!response.ok) {\n        const errorBody = await response.text()\n        console.error(`[phlex-reactive] action failed: HTTP ${response.status}`, errorBody)\n        this.#revertOptimistic(inverse)\n        // Render a non-OK turbo-stream body so a server-rendered error flash\n        // (an error_flash rescue, or a status: :unprocessable_entity validation\n        // reply from a plain controller) is actually SHOWN — instead of being\n        // read only for the console (issue #100). #extractToken is run as usual;\n        // it NO-OPS when no stream re-renders our id, so a 400 InvalidToken body\n        // never refreshes the held identity token (which is not a nonce and stays\n        // retry-valid — do not \"fix\" that). A non-turbo-stream body is left to the\n        // console.error above (an HTML error page must not be handed to Turbo).\n        if ((response.headers.get(\"Content-Type\") || \"\").includes(\"turbo-stream\")) {\n          const fresh = this.#extractToken(errorBody)\n          this.#currentToken = fresh ?? this.#currentToken\n          if (debug) this.#debugRecordBody(debug, errorBody, fresh)\n          window.Turbo.renderStreamMessage(errorBody)\n        }\n        this.#markError(\"http\")\n        this.#emitError(action, params, allParams, { kind: \"http\", status: response.status, body: errorBody })\n        return\n      }\n\n      const contentType = response.headers.get(\"Content-Type\") || \"\"\n      if (!contentType.includes(\"turbo-stream\")) {\n        console.error(`[phlex-reactive] expected a turbo-stream, got \"${contentType}\" — no update applied`)\n        this.#revertOptimistic(inverse)\n        this.#markError(\"content-type\")\n        this.#emitError(action, params, allParams, { kind: \"content-type\", status: response.status })\n        return\n      }\n\n      const html = await response.text()\n      // Capture the new token from the response synchronously, so the next\n      // queued request uses it without waiting for the async DOM morph.\n      const fresh = this.#extractToken(html)\n      this.#currentToken = fresh ?? this.#currentToken\n      // Debug (issue #108): record the stream actions/targets + whether a refresh\n      // arrived, from the body we JUST read (reuse — no second text() read). Never\n      // the token or template contents.\n      if (debug) this.#debugRecordBody(debug, html, fresh)\n      // Turbo applies the <turbo-stream> ops by id. A plain replace is an\n      // outerHTML swap (focus on the replaced subtree is lost); a method=\"morph\"\n      // replace (Response.morph) or an update morphs in place, preserving the\n      // focused input + caret on unchanged nodes — see issue #28.\n      window.Turbo.renderStreamMessage(html)\n      // Debug-only (issue #181): the morph may apply a microtask later, so check\n      // the resurrected-hide case AFTER it lands. Off the debug path, resurrect is\n      // null — zero cost.\n      if (resurrect) queueMicrotask(resurrect)\n      // A successful apply CLEARS any prior failure marker (issue #100), so\n      // error-driven CSS on the root (a red border, a shake) resets on recovery.\n      this.#clearError()\n      // Lifecycle hook (issue #79): the streams were HANDED TO Turbo — a\n      // renderStreamMessage applies asynchronously, so the DOM mutation may\n      // complete a tick later. Apps needing post-morph timing listen to Turbo's\n      // own events; this one is for \"the action round trip succeeded\".\n      this.#emit(\"reactive:applied\", { action, params: allParams, html })\n    } catch (error) {\n      // The server already processed this action successfully (we're past the\n      // fetch) — a throw here is a CLIENT-side apply failure (a malformed\n      // response, a broken Turbo render — NOT a reactive:applied listener\n      // throw, which dispatchEvent never propagates here), not a transport\n      // failure. kind: \"apply\" carries NO retry() — retrying would re-POST an\n      // action the server already completed.\n      console.error(\"[phlex-reactive] action error\", error)\n      this.#revertOptimistic(inverse)\n      this.#emit(\"reactive:error\", { action, params: allParams, kind: \"apply\" })\n    } finally {\n      // Settle the loading state (issue #99): decrement the pending counter,\n      // drop the trigger's/root's busy tokens, restore disabled/text/class —\n      // guarded so a morph-replaced trigger is never clobbered. Runs on EVERY\n      // exit (success, every failure branch, or an apply throw).\n      settle?.()\n      // Debug (issue #108): emit the group here so EVERY exit path logs exactly\n      // once — success, any transport/response failure, or an apply throw. Null\n      // when debug is off (zero cost). The round-trip ms is measured now, at the\n      // finally, so it spans the whole #perform (fetch + apply) regardless of exit.\n      if (debug) this.#logDispatch({ ...debug, ms: this.#debugNow() - debug.started })\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Debug (issue #108): fold the response body #perform already read into the\n  // trace — the stream action/target pairs and whether a token refresh arrived\n  // (a boolean; the token VALUE is intentionally not stored). Shared by the\n  // success and the non-OK-turbo-stream branches so both log the same shape.\n  #debugRecordBody(debug, body, freshToken) {\n    debug.streams = this.#debugStreams(body)\n    debug.tokenRefreshed = freshToken != null\n  }\n\n  get #currentToken() {\n    return this.#tokenCache ?? this.tokenValue\n  }\n\n  set #currentToken(value) {\n    this.#tokenCache = value\n  }\n\n  // Read the next token for THIS controller — the one that re-renders THIS\n  // element's id, never just the first token in the body (issue #46). On a\n  // collection of REACTIVE rows the prepended/appended ROW carries its OWN\n  // data-reactive-token-value and it sorts FIRST in the response; the list's own\n  // fresh token rides a trailing `reactive:token` stream targeting the container.\n  // Grabbing the first match stored the ROW's token, so the list's SECOND\n  // dispatch sent a row token → failed verification → add-once-only. This mirrors\n  // the server's carries_token_for? (#44): a stream carries OUR token only when it\n  // RE-RENDERS our id (reactive:token / replace / update of `this.element.id`) —\n  // append/prepend insert children and never count. Returns undefined when no\n  // stream re-renders our id, so #currentToken keeps its existing value.\n  #extractToken(html) {\n    const id = this.element.id\n    if (!id) {\n      // No id to self-match (shouldn't happen for a reactive root). Fall back to\n      // the legacy first-token behavior so a single-component response still works.\n      return html.match(/data-reactive-token-value=\"([^\"]+)\"/)?.[1]\n    }\n\n    const { token, self } = this.#tokenRegexes(id)\n\n    // The dedicated token-only refresh for THIS element (partial updates / the\n    // collection container) — an attribute on the <turbo-stream> itself.\n    const tokenStream = html.match(token)\n    if (tokenStream) return tokenStream[1]\n\n    // A full self re-render: a replace/update of THIS element whose template root\n    // carries the fresh token. Scope the token search to that one stream so a\n    // sibling/child token elsewhere in the body can't leak in.\n    const selfStream = html.match(self)\n    if (selfStream) return selfStream[1].match(/data-reactive-token-value=\"([^\"]+)\"/)?.[1]\n\n    // Nothing re-rendered our id — keep the current token.\n    return undefined\n  }\n\n  // The two per-id RegExps #extractToken uses to self-match this element's next\n  // token (issue #118). `this.element.id` is page-stable, so these are compiled\n  // ONCE and reused across every response — instead of allocating two fresh\n  // RegExps per round trip. The memo is KEYED ON THE ID and rebuilt when it\n  // changes: a re-render that re-identifies the root must scan for the NEW target,\n  // never the stale one (or the token would freeze — see the id-change bun test).\n  // The PATTERNS are byte-identical to the pre-memo inline literals; only their\n  // allocation moved.\n  #tokenRegexes(id) {\n    const cache = this.#tokenRegexCache\n    if (cache && cache.id === id) return cache\n    const escaped = escapeRegExp(id)\n    return (this.#tokenRegexCache = {\n      id,\n      token: new RegExp(\n        `<turbo-stream\\\\b[^>]*\\\\baction=\"reactive:token\"[^>]*\\\\btarget=\"${escaped}\"[^>]*\\\\bdata-reactive-token-value=\"([^\"]+)\"`,\n      ),\n      self: new RegExp(\n        `<turbo-stream\\\\b[^>]*\\\\baction=\"(?:replace|update)\"[^>]*\\\\btarget=\"${escaped}\"[^>]*>([\\\\s\\\\S]*?)</turbo-stream>`,\n      ),\n    })\n  }\n\n  // True when `el` is collected by THIS reactive root and not by a nested one.\n  // A reactive component can be rendered inside another (both are\n  // data-controller=\"reactive\" roots). querySelectorAll() descends into nested\n  // roots, so without this guard an outer action would sweep the inner roots'\n  // inputs into its own params (issue #15). An element belongs to this root iff\n  // its nearest [data-controller~=\"reactive\"] ancestor is this.element.\n  #ownsField(el) {\n    return el.closest('[data-controller~=\"reactive\"]') === this.element\n  }\n\n  // A per-op ownership PREDICATE — the issue #117 fast path over issue #15\n  // scoping. #ownsField answers \"is this element mine, not a nested reactive\n  // root's\" with a per-element closest() walk; on a wide form or every keystroke\n  // that walk runs per matched field. This hoists the DECISION to once per op.\n  //\n  // HYBRID GATE — closest() stays the source of truth; the nested-root query only\n  // decides whether the fast path is SAFE:\n  //   * Fast path (overwhelmingly common): this root contains NO nested reactive\n  //     roots, so every element the caller's querySelectorAll returned is already\n  //     a direct descendant of this.element with no intervening reactive root —\n  //     it is ours. Return a constant-true predicate and skip the per-field\n  //     closest() walk entirely. That is the whole win.\n  //   * Nested case: fall back to the UNCHANGED #ownsField closest() check, so\n  //     scoping is byte-identical to before. We deliberately do NOT use\n  //     contains() here — the closest() form needs no node to implement\n  //     contains(), and on a real DOM the two agree for a descendant of\n  //     this.element (el.closest('[data-controller~=\"reactive\"]') === this.element\n  //     iff no nested reactive-root descendant contains el).\n  //\n  // Computed ONCE per dispatch-scoped op (per #collectFields call, per recompute,\n  // per #listnavOptions) and NEVER stored on the instance — a morph replaces\n  // nodes, so a cached predicate would close over stale roots.\n  #ownershipFilter() {\n    const nested = this.element.querySelectorAll('[data-controller~=\"reactive\"]')\n    if (nested.length === 0) return () => true\n    return (el) => this.#ownsField(el)\n  }\n\n  // Resolve the effective confirm message (issue #179). A plain string is the\n  // static #52 form (always shown). A confirmWhen JSON payload is the CONDITIONAL\n  // form — evaluated over the SAME collected fields reactive_compute reads — and\n  // returns the message ONLY when it fires, else null (proceed, no dialog):\n  //   { groups, message }    — the reactive_show conditions fold (anyOfAllsMatches)\n  //   { predicate, message } — a registered fn (setConfirmPredicate) over the fields\n  // A missing predicate warns and returns null (PROCEED without a dialog) — the\n  // compute unknown-reducer posture. This is soft-validation UX; the endpoint's\n  // authorize/default-deny is the real gate, so failing OPEN here never grants\n  // anything the server wouldn't already allow.\n  #effectiveConfirmMessage(confirm, confirmWhen) {\n    if (confirm) return confirm\n    if (!confirmWhen) return null\n\n    // Stimulus auto-parses a JSON-object -param value, so confirmWhen usually\n    // arrives ALREADY parsed. Accept an object as-is; parse a string defensively\n    // (a hand-built attr, or a non-Stimulus caller). A malformed string warns and\n    // proceeds without a dialog (default-deny UX — the server is the real gate).\n    let payload = confirmWhen\n    if (typeof confirmWhen === \"string\") {\n      try {\n        payload = JSON.parse(confirmWhen)\n      } catch {\n        console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed conditional confirm payload ${JSON.stringify(confirmWhen)} — skipped`)\n        return null\n      }\n    }\n    if (!payload || typeof payload !== \"object\") return null\n\n    const { fields } = this.#collectFields()\n    const fieldValue = (name) => fields[name]\n\n    let fires\n    if (typeof payload.predicate === \"string\") {\n      const fn = confirmPredicate(payload.predicate)\n      if (!fn) {\n        console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] confirm predicate \"${payload.predicate}\" is not registered — proceeding without a dialog (register it with setConfirmPredicate)`)\n        return null\n      }\n      fires = !!fn(fields)\n    } else {\n      // Declarative: the DNF groups fold, identical to reactive_show — matches → fire.\n      fires = anyOfAllsMatches(payload.groups?.any, fieldValue) === true\n    }\n\n    return fires ? payload.message : null\n  }\n\n  // One walk over THIS root's named controls (not a nested reactive root's),\n  // returning both the scalar `fields` and any chosen `files`. The ownership\n  // predicate is hoisted ONCE (issue #117) via #ownershipFilter — in the common\n  // no-nested-root case it is a constant true, so we skip a closest() walk per\n  // field. A file input's `.value` is the useless \"C:\\fakepath\\…\" string, never a\n  // scalar — so its chosen files are collected separately (honoring `multiple`)\n  // and it adds no phantom blank value (issue #34). An empty `files` keeps the\n  // JSON path.\n  #collectFields() {\n    const fields = {}\n    const files = []\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter() // compute ONCE per dispatch (issue #117)\n    this.element.querySelectorAll(\"input[name], select[name], textarea[name]\").forEach((field) => {\n      if (!owns(field)) return\n      if (field.type === \"file\") {\n        // Carry the input's `multiple` flag so #buildFormData keeps the array\n        // shape (params[name][]) even when the user picked exactly one file —\n        // otherwise a [:file] schema would see a lone scalar upload and drop it.\n        for (const file of field.files ?? []) files.push({ name: field.name, file, multiple: field.multiple })\n      } else if (field.type === \"checkbox\") {\n        fields[field.name] = field.checked\n      } else if (field.type === \"radio\") {\n        if (field.checked) fields[field.name] = field.value\n      } else {\n        fields[field.name] = field.value\n      }\n    })\n    // Named rich-text / custom editors (lexxy-editor, trix-editor) and bare\n    // [contenteditable]. These aren't input/select/textarea, so the query above\n    // skips them — without this, a reactive save posts an empty value and\n    // silently wipes the field (issue #8). Read whatever the element exposes:\n    // a custom editor's serialized `.value`, else its contenteditable text.\n    // Only fill a name the standard controls left absent or empty, so a synced\n    // hidden input (e.g. Trix mirrors into one) still wins when populated.\n    this.element\n      .querySelectorAll(\"[name]:is(lexxy-editor, trix-editor, [contenteditable=''], [contenteditable=true], [contenteditable=plaintext-only])\")\n      .forEach((el) => {\n        if (!owns(el)) return // reuse the SAME hoisted predicate (nested reactive root — issue #15)\n        // A plain element (e.g. a <div contenteditable>) has no `name` IDL\n        // property — only the attribute — so read getAttribute, not el.name.\n        const name = el.getAttribute(\"name\")\n        if (!name) return\n        const existing = fields[name]\n        if (existing == null || existing === \"\") {\n          fields[name] = el.value ?? el.textContent ?? el.innerHTML ?? \"\"\n        }\n      })\n    return { fields, files }\n  }\n\n  // Re-compute the dirty flag for EVERY field this root owns in one pass (issue\n  // #103), then reflect the total onto the root. Called on an owned field's input\n  // (trackDirty), on connect (baseline seed), and after a turbo:morph-element\n  // re-render (fresh default* attrs). dirty = current ≠ the DOM's own default:\n  //   checkbox/radio → checked  !== defaultChecked\n  //   select         → some option.selected !== option.defaultSelected\n  //   else           → value    !== defaultValue\n  // A full pass (not per-target) is REQUIRED: a radio group's previously-checked\n  // radio flips to checked=false with NO input event, so per-target toggling\n  // would leave its flag stale. File inputs are skipped — a file has no server\n  // default baseline. Per-dirty-field data-reactive-dirty=\"true\" (\"true\" STRING,\n  // not a valueless boolean attr — mirrors the on() flag convention); the root\n  // carries data-reactive-dirty=\"<count>\" and DROPS the attr at zero, so\n  // `[data-reactive-dirty]` styles the whole form and `[data-reactive-dirty]`\n  // on a field styles just the changed control — both pure CSS, zero JS.\n  #scanDirty() {\n    // Runs at bootstrap (the connect baseline seed) as well as on input/morph, so\n    // it must never throw — degrade to a no-op if the root can't be queried (a real\n    // reactive root always can; this guards minimal/test element stubs).\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n\n    let count = 0\n    this.element.querySelectorAll(\"input[name], select[name], textarea[name]\").forEach((field) => {\n      if (!this.#ownsField(field)) return // skip a nested reactive root's fields (issue #15)\n      if (field.type === \"file\") return // no server default baseline to diff against\n\n      if (this.#fieldDirty(field)) {\n        field.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-dirty\", \"true\")\n        count++\n      } else {\n        field.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-dirty\")\n      }\n    })\n\n    if (count > 0) this.element.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-dirty\", String(count))\n    else this.element.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-dirty\")\n  }\n\n  // Whether a single owned control differs from its server-rendered default.\n  #fieldDirty(field) {\n    if (field.type === \"checkbox\" || field.type === \"radio\") {\n      return field.checked !== field.defaultChecked\n    }\n    if (field.tag === \"select\" || field.options) {\n      // Any option whose selected state diverges from its defaultSelected. Guard\n      // for a stub/absent options list (degrade to clean).\n      return Array.from(field.options ?? []).some((o) => o.selected !== o.defaultSelected)\n    }\n    return field.value !== field.defaultValue\n  }\n\n  // The live dirty-field count, re-derived from the DOM (never a cached snapshot)\n  // — the source of truth for the warn_unsaved guard's gate.\n  #dirtyCount() {\n    const raw = this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-dirty\")\n    const n = Number(raw)\n    return Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0 ? n : 0\n  }\n\n  // Arm the navigate-away guard (warn_unsaved: true, issue #103). beforeunload\n  // blocks a real browser unload; turbo:before-visit blocks a Turbo in-app\n  // navigation (it does NOT fire on restoration visits — the documented gap).\n  // Both read the LIVE dirty count, so a clean form never blocks. Handlers are\n  // stored so disconnect() removes exactly them.\n  #armUnsavedGuard() {\n    if (typeof window === \"undefined\" || typeof window.addEventListener !== \"function\") return\n\n    this.#boundBeforeUnload = (event) => {\n      if (this.#dirtyCount() === 0) return undefined\n      // The spec dance: preventDefault + a truthy returnValue triggers the native\n      // \"leave site?\" prompt. The string is legacy (modern browsers show their own\n      // copy) but must be non-empty/truthy to arm the dialog.\n      event.preventDefault()\n      event.returnValue = \"You have unsaved changes.\"\n      return event.returnValue\n    }\n    this.#boundBeforeVisit = (event) => {\n      if (this.#dirtyCount() === 0) return\n      const ok = typeof window.confirm === \"function\" ? window.confirm(\"You have unsaved changes. Leave anyway?\") : true\n      if (!ok) event.preventDefault?.()\n    }\n\n    window.addEventListener(\"beforeunload\", this.#boundBeforeUnload)\n    window.addEventListener(\"turbo:before-visit\", this.#boundBeforeVisit)\n  }\n\n  // Remove the dirty-tracking listeners on disconnect (Turbo morph/navigation) so\n  // a morph re-scan or a navigate-away guard never runs against a detached root.\n  #teardownDirtyTracking() {\n    if (this.#boundScanDirty) {\n      this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundScanDirty)\n      this.#boundScanDirty = undefined\n    }\n    if (typeof window !== \"undefined\" && typeof window.removeEventListener === \"function\") {\n      if (this.#boundBeforeUnload) window.removeEventListener(\"beforeunload\", this.#boundBeforeUnload)\n      if (this.#boundBeforeVisit) window.removeEventListener(\"turbo:before-visit\", this.#boundBeforeVisit)\n    }\n    this.#boundBeforeUnload = undefined\n    this.#boundBeforeVisit = undefined\n  }\n\n  // Whether this root owns a show binding (issue #161) or declares cross-root\n  // show targets (issue #164) — the connect() gate, so a component with\n  // neither pays only this probe (the #dirtyTrackingEnabled precedent). A\n  // NESTED root's bindings don't count: its own controller instance syncs them\n  // (issue #15 ownership). The targets attr is checked FIRST — one\n  // getAttribute, cheaper than the binding walk.\n  #showSyncEnabled() {\n    if (this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-show-targets\")) return true\n    // Single-field bindings carry -field; compound all:/any: bindings (issue\n    // #176) carry data-reactive-show and have NO single controlling field, so\n    // both selectors gate the sync.\n    const nodes = this.element.querySelectorAll?.(SHOW_BINDING_SELECTOR) ?? []\n    for (const el of nodes) if (this.#ownsField(el)) return true\n    return false\n  }\n\n  // The connect() gate for completion bindings (issue #226) — one attribute read.\n  #onCompleteEnabled() {\n    return !!this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-on-complete\")\n  }\n\n  // Parse-and-memoize the completion bindings, keyed on the RAW attr string:\n  // a morph that rewrote the payload re-parses and RESETS the latches (the\n  // morph listener's own arm pass then re-arms without firing). A removed\n  // attr yields [] silently; malformed JSON warns (in parseOnComplete).\n  #onCompleteBindings() {\n    const raw = this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-on-complete\") ?? null\n    if (raw !== this.#onCompleteRaw) {\n      this.#onCompleteRaw = raw\n      this.#onCompleteParsed = raw == null ? [] : parseOnComplete(raw)\n      this.#onCompleteStates = this.#onCompleteParsed.map(() => false)\n    }\n    return this.#onCompleteParsed\n  }\n\n  // Evaluate every completion binding (issue #226) over the owned fields —\n  // the SAME memoized, scope-aware field resolver and DNF fold the show sync\n  // uses — and run each binding's ops on ITS OWN rising edge. `event` null\n  // (the connect/morph arm pass) updates the latches WITHOUT firing, so ops\n  // only ever run from a real user gesture. An undecidable payload (no\n  // groups) leaves its latch alone — default-deny, like every malformed-wire\n  // arm. Ops resolve through runOps's root-scoped targets; a missing to:\n  // defaults to \"@root\" (the $ops convention).\n  #syncOnComplete(event) {\n    const bindings = this.#onCompleteBindings()\n    if (!bindings.length) return\n\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    const scope = this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-scope\") || null\n    const values = new Map()\n    const fieldValue = (name) => {\n      if (!values.has(name)) values.set(name, this.#showFieldValue(name, owns, scope))\n      return values.get(name)\n    }\n    bindings.forEach((binding, i) => {\n      const matches = anyOfAllsMatches(binding.any, fieldValue)\n      if (matches === null) return\n      const fire = matches && !this.#onCompleteStates[i] && Boolean(event)\n      this.#onCompleteStates[i] = matches\n      if (fire) applyOps(binding.ops, (args) => this.#opTargets(args.to == null ? { ...args, to: \"@root\" } : args))\n    })\n  }\n\n  #teardownOnCompleteSync() {\n    if (!this.#boundSyncOnComplete) return\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncOnComplete)\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"change\", this.#boundSyncOnComplete)\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundArmOnComplete)\n  }\n\n  // Re-evaluate every OWNED show binding in one pass (issue #161): read the\n  // controlling field's current value, evaluate the declared literal predicate,\n  // toggle `hidden`. A full pass (not per-target) for the same reason as\n  // #scanDirty — a radio group's deselected radio fires no event — and because\n  // several bindings can hang off one field (the value read is memoized per\n  // pass). A binding whose field can't be resolved, or whose predicate is\n  // malformed, leaves visibility ALONE — a bad binding must never break or\n  // blank the page (client-side default-deny).\n  #syncShow() {\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    const scope = this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-scope\") || null\n    const values = new Map()\n    // A memoized resolver shared by every binding in this pass — a field driving\n    // several bindings (and several DNF terms) reads exactly once. Scope-aware:\n    // a bare field `director` resolves as `[name=\"scope[director]\"]` (issue #180).\n    const fieldValue = (name) => {\n      if (!values.has(name)) values.set(name, this.#showFieldValue(name, owns, scope))\n      return values.get(name)\n    }\n    for (const el of this.element.querySelectorAll(SHOW_BINDING_SELECTOR)) {\n      if (!owns(el)) continue // a nested root's binding is its own controller's job\n\n      // The 0.10 DNF payload (issue #180): data-reactive-show carries\n      // { any: [ [term,…], … ] }. The legacy flat-attr and 0.9.5-compound read\n      // arms live in showPayloadMatches/showBindingMatches for deploy overlap.\n      const payloadRaw = el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-show\")\n      if (payloadRaw !== null) {\n        const match = showPayloadMatches(parseShowCompound(payloadRaw), fieldValue)\n        if (match !== null) this.#applyShowVisibility(el, match, owns, scope)\n        continue\n      }\n\n      // LEGACY flat-attr binding (pre-0.10, deploy overlap — removed in 0.11).\n      const name = el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-show-field\")\n      if (!name) continue\n      const value = fieldValue(name)\n      if (value === null) continue // no owned field with that name — leave it be\n      const match = showBindingMatches(el, value)\n      if (match === null) continue // malformed predicate — warned + skipped\n      this.#applyShowVisibility(el, match, owns, scope)\n    }\n\n    // The cross-root pass (issue #164) shares the same owned-field memo, so a\n    // field driving both an owned binding and an outside target reads once.\n    this.#syncShowTargets(fieldValue)\n  }\n\n  // Toggle `hidden` (and, when the binding declares data-reactive-show-disable,\n  // the `disabled` of every owned named control inside it) from a match result\n  // (issue #180). Disabling a hidden section's controls stops them submitting —\n  // the stale-value fix. A visible section re-enables them. Controls a nested\n  // reactive root owns are left alone (#15 ownership).\n  #applyShowVisibility(el, match, owns, scope) {\n    el.hidden = !match\n    if (el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-show-disable\") !== \"true\") return\n    if (typeof el.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n    for (const control of el.querySelectorAll(\"input[name], select[name], textarea[name]\")) {\n      if (owns(control)) control.disabled = !match\n    }\n    // The element itself may be a named control (a bare field with a binding).\n    if (el.name && owns(el)) el.disabled = !match\n  }\n\n  // Apply the declared cross-root show targets (issue #164) — the visibility\n  // parallel of #applyComputeMirrors. For each declared field: read the OWNED\n  // field's current value (never a nested root's — you can only drive outside\n  // visibility from a field this root owns), then for each \"#id\" → predicate\n  // entry: guard the selector id-only (warn-and-skip; the Ruby helper raised\n  // at declare time — two-sided default-deny), resolve it DOCUMENT-WIDE, and\n  // toggle `hidden`. A target id not on the page is silently skipped (an\n  // unrendered tab pane is normal); a malformed predicate warn-skips its one\n  // target while siblings still apply. With no map declared this is one\n  // getAttribute and out.\n  //\n  // A \"#id\" KEY (issue #209) is a TARGET-KEYED entry instead: its value is the\n  // same DNF payload data-reactive-show holds, folded with per-term owned-field\n  // reads — the multi-field cross-root case. The \"#\" prefix routes unambiguously\n  // (a field name may never start with \"#\"; the Ruby helper raises).\n  #syncShowTargets(fieldValue) {\n    const map = this.#parseShowTargets()\n    for (const [name, targets] of Object.entries(map)) {\n      if (name.startsWith(\"#\")) {\n        this.#applyConditionsTarget(name, targets, fieldValue)\n        continue\n      }\n      if (!targets || typeof targets !== \"object\" || Array.isArray(targets)) continue\n      const value = fieldValue(name)\n      if (value === null) continue // no owned field with that name — leave them be\n      // Every target's terms share this one field, so a constant resolver folds\n      // the group (issue #180): a target's value is a DNF GROUP (terms ANDed).\n      const resolve = () => value\n      for (const [selector, group] of Object.entries(targets)) {\n        if (!guardShowTargetSelector(selector)) continue\n        // 0.10 wire: the value is a DNF GROUP (an array of terms, ANDed).\n        // LEGACY (0.9.5, deploy overlap — DELETE in 0.11): a flat predicate\n        // OBJECT ({ equals/not/in/gte… }) routed through showPredicateMatches.\n        let match\n        if (Array.isArray(group)) {\n          if (group.length === 0) {\n            console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed reactive_show_targets group for ${selector} — skipped`)\n            continue\n          }\n          match = group.every((term) => dnfTermMatches(term, resolve))\n        } else {\n          const legacy = showPredicateMatches(group, value)\n          if (legacy === null) {\n            console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed reactive_show_targets predicate for ${selector} — skipped`)\n            continue\n          }\n          match = legacy\n        }\n        for (const node of document.querySelectorAll(selector)) node.hidden = !match\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Apply ONE target-keyed conditions entry (issue #209): \"#id\" → the DNF\n  // payload { any: [[term,…],…] }, folded by the SAME anyOfAllsMatches as an\n  // in-root reactive_show — each term reads its OWN owned field, a missing\n  // owned field reads as blank (fail-closed, the shared-fixture contract). A\n  // target whose referenced fields are ALL unowned is left alone — the\n  // single-field skip generalized (this root has nothing to evaluate with). A\n  // malformed payload warn-skips its one target while siblings still apply;\n  // the selector guard is the same id-only allowlist as every cross-root arm.\n  #applyConditionsTarget(selector, payload, fieldValue) {\n    if (!guardShowTargetSelector(selector)) return\n    const groups = payload && typeof payload === \"object\" && !Array.isArray(payload) ? payload.any : null\n    const fields = dnfGroupFields(groups)\n    if (fields === null) {\n      console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] malformed reactive_show_targets conditions for ${selector} — skipped`)\n      return\n    }\n    if (fields.every((name) => fieldValue(name) === null)) return // no owned field — leave it be\n    const match = anyOfAllsMatches(groups, fieldValue)\n    if (match === null) return // unreachable after dnfGroupFields, kept fail-closed\n    for (const node of document.querySelectorAll(selector)) node.hidden = !match\n  }\n\n  // The declared cross-root show-target map (issue #164): a JSON object of\n  // { field: { \"#id\": predicate } } from data-reactive-show-targets (emitted\n  // by reactive_show_targets on the root). Absent degrades to {}; malformed\n  // degrades to {} WITH a warn — never a throw (the #parseComputeMirror\n  // contract), but never silent either: the likeliest cause is TWO\n  // reactive_show_targets calls on one root, whose JSON strings Phlex `mix`\n  // space-joined into an unparseable attr. The warn names the fix.\n  #parseShowTargets() {\n    const raw = this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-show-targets\")\n    if (!raw) return {}\n    try {\n      const parsed = JSON.parse(raw)\n      if (parsed && typeof parsed === \"object\" && !Array.isArray(parsed)) return parsed\n    } catch {\n      // fall through to the shared warn below\n    }\n    console.warn(\n      \"[phlex-reactive] malformed data-reactive-show-targets — ignored. \" +\n        \"Did two reactive_show_targets calls collide on one root? Declare every field in ONE call: \" +\n        \"reactive_show_targets(mode: { ... }, kind: { ... })\"\n    )\n    return {}\n  }\n\n  // The current value of the OWNED field controlling a show binding, as the\n  // string the literal predicate compares against. Mirrors #collectFields'\n  // per-kind reads: a checkbox reports its checked state (\"true\"/\"false\" — its\n  // .value is the constant \"on\", and the checkbox wins over the hidden input\n  // Rails pairs with it); a radio group reports the CHECKED radio's value (\"\"\n  // when none is); anything else reports .value first-wins. Returns null when\n  // no owned field carries the name — the caller then leaves visibility alone.\n  #showFieldValue(name, owns, scope) {\n    // Scope (issue #180): a bare field `director` under `data-reactive-scope=\n    // \"form\"` resolves as `[name=\"form[director]\"]`. A name already carrying a\n    // bracket (a raw wire name the author passed) is used verbatim.\n    const domName = scope && !name.includes(\"[\") ? `${scope}[${name}]` : name\n    let sawRadio = false\n    let first = null\n    for (const el of this.element.querySelectorAll(`[name=\"${domName}\"]`)) {\n      if (!owns(el)) continue\n      if (el.type === \"checkbox\") return el.checked ? \"true\" : \"false\"\n      if (el.type === \"radio\") {\n        if (el.checked) return el.value ?? \"\"\n        sawRadio = true\n        continue\n      }\n      first ??= el\n    }\n    if (first) return first.value ?? \"\"\n    return sawRadio ? \"\" : null\n  }\n\n  // Remove the show-sync listeners on disconnect, so a stray event after a\n  // Turbo morph/navigation never re-evaluates against a detached root.\n  #teardownShowSync() {\n    if (!this.#boundSyncShow) return\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncShow)\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"change\", this.#boundSyncShow)\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSyncShow)\n    this.#boundSyncShow = undefined\n  }\n\n  // Whether this root declares an option filter (issue #163) — the connect()\n  // gate. reactive_filter always emits input + option together, so requiring\n  // BOTH also default-denies a half-built hand-authored binding.\n  #filterEnabled() {\n    return !!(\n      this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-filter-input\") &&\n      this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-filter-option\")\n    )\n  }\n\n  // Whether this root opts into the connect-time compute seed (issue #199).\n  // reactive_compute's root binding emits data-reactive-compute-seed=\"true\"; a\n  // root without a compute binding (or with the seed opted out) pays one\n  // attribute read and never seeds. A quick read, evaluated once per connect.\n  #computeSeedEnabled() {\n    return this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-compute-seed\") === \"true\"\n  }\n\n  // Whether a delegated input event came from the NAMED filter input (issue\n  // #163). Anything else — another field's keystroke, a target without\n  // matches() — skips the filter pass (the morph re-sync path bypasses this).\n  #filterInputEvent(event) {\n    const selector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-input\")\n    return !!selector && typeof event.target?.matches === \"function\" && event.target.matches(selector)\n  }\n\n  // Re-apply the filter in one pass (issue #163): lowercase the named input's\n  // current value, toggle `hidden` on every OWNED option by a substring match\n  // against its haystack (data-reactive-filter-text, falling back to the\n  // option's own text), collapse any group whose every contained option is\n  // hidden, and reveal the empty target at 0 visible. A filtered-out option\n  // also loses its listnav highlight so Enter can never pick an invisible row.\n  // No owned input → leave visibility ALONE — a binding that can't resolve\n  // must never break or blank the page (client-side default-deny). All\n  // selectors resolve within this root, skipping nested reactive roots'\n  // elements (issue #15 ownership; the predicate is hoisted once per pass).\n  #syncFilter() {\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return\n    const inputSelector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-input\")\n    const optionSelector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-option\")\n    if (!inputSelector || !optionSelector) return\n\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    const input = [...this.element.querySelectorAll(inputSelector)].find(owns)\n    if (!input) return\n\n    const query = (input.value ?? \"\").trim().toLowerCase()\n    let visible = 0\n    for (const el of this.element.querySelectorAll(optionSelector)) {\n      if (!owns(el)) continue // a nested root's option is its own controller's job\n      const haystack = (el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-text\") ?? el.textContent ?? \"\").toLowerCase()\n      // An option whose tag is already selected (reactive_tags, issue #203)\n      // stays hidden through every re-filter — clearing the query must not\n      // resurface an already-added tag.\n      const hidden =\n        el.hasAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tags-selected\") || (query !== \"\" && !haystack.includes(query))\n      el.hidden = hidden\n      if (hidden) el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-highlighted\")\n      else visible++\n    }\n\n    const groupSelector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-group\")\n    if (groupSelector) {\n      for (const group of this.element.querySelectorAll(groupSelector)) {\n        if (!owns(group)) continue\n        const contained = [...group.querySelectorAll(optionSelector)].filter(owns)\n        // A group with no options isn't this filter's to decide — server state\n        // stands (it may be a header the app toggles by other means).\n        if (contained.length === 0) continue\n        group.hidden = contained.every((el) => el.hidden)\n      }\n    }\n\n    const emptySelector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-empty\")\n    if (emptySelector) {\n      for (const el of this.element.querySelectorAll(emptySelector)) {\n        if (owns(el)) el.hidden = visible > 0\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Remove the filter-sync listeners on disconnect, so a stray event after a\n  // Turbo morph/navigation never re-filters against a detached root.\n  #teardownFilterSync() {\n    if (!this.#boundSyncFilter) return\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncFilter)\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSyncFilter)\n    this.#boundSyncFilter = undefined\n  }\n\n  // Whether this root declares a tag-chip binding (issue #203) — the connect()\n  // gate and every tags action's first check (an action bound without the root\n  // binding is default-denied, the filter posture).\n  #tagsEnabled() {\n    return !!this.element.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tags-field\")\n  }\n\n  // Whether this root owns at least one JSON-mode nested list (issue #208) —\n  // the connect() gate. A cheap descendant probe: a form without one wires no\n  // input/change listeners. Ownership is re-checked per sync, so a stray match\n  // in a nested reactive root here is harmless (it just arms the listeners).\n  #nestedJsonEnabled() {\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelector !== \"function\") return false\n    return !!this.element.querySelector(\"[data-reactive-nested-json]\")\n  }\n\n  // The hidden input storing the comma-joined value, resolved fresh per use\n  // (a morph replaces nodes — never cache it) and OWNED by this root (issue\n  // #15). null when the selector resolves nothing — every caller then no-ops:\n  // a binding that can't resolve must never break the page.\n  #tagsField() {\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return null\n    const selector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-tags-field\")\n    if (!selector) return null\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    return [...this.element.querySelectorAll(selector)].find(owns) ?? null\n  }\n\n  // Parse the field's comma-joined value into the canonical tag list: split,\n  // trim, drop blanks, dedupe case-insensitively KEEPING the first casing (the\n  // server may have stored a ragged value — the projection normalizes without\n  // rewriting the field, so we never fight server truth).\n  #tagsRead(field) {\n    const seen = new Set()\n    const tags = []\n    for (const part of String(field.value ?? \"\").split(\",\")) {\n      const tag = part.trim()\n      if (tag === \"\" || seen.has(tag.toLowerCase())) continue\n      seen.add(tag.toLowerCase())\n      tags.push(tag)\n    }\n    return tags\n  }\n\n  // Append any NEW tags (trimmed, non-blank, not already present under the\n  // case-insensitive dedupe) and write the field once. Returns whether\n  // anything was actually added — callers only clear the query input then.\n  #tagsAddValues(values) {\n    const field = this.#tagsField()\n    if (!field) return false\n\n    const tags = this.#tagsRead(field)\n    const seen = new Set(tags.map((tag) => tag.toLowerCase()))\n    let added = false\n    for (const value of values) {\n      const tag = String(value ?? \"\").trim()\n      if (tag === \"\" || seen.has(tag.toLowerCase())) continue\n      seen.add(tag.toLowerCase())\n      tags.push(tag)\n      added = true\n    }\n    if (added) this.#tagsWrite(field, tags)\n    return added\n  }\n\n  // The ONE writer: join, store, dispatch a real bubbling `input` on the field\n  // (the set-value + dispatch contract, issue #183 — dirty tracking,\n  // reactive_show, and compute all see the change), then re-project.\n  #tagsWrite(field, tags) {\n    field.value = tags.join(\",\")\n    if (typeof field.dispatchEvent === \"function\") {\n      field.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"input\", { bubbles: true }))\n    }\n    this.#syncTags()\n  }\n\n  // The query input the tags widget resets after a pick — the SAME input that\n  // drives reactive_filter (a tags widget without filtering has none; the\n  // caller then skips the reset).\n  #tagsQueryInput() {\n    if (typeof this.element?.querySelectorAll !== \"function\") return null\n    const selector = this.element.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-filter-input\")\n    if (!selector) return null\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    return [...this.element.querySelectorAll(selector)].find(owns) ?? null\n  }\n\n  // Re-project the hidden field into the DOM (issue #203): rebuild the chip\n  // list from the <template> and mark/hide the options whose tag is already\n  // selected. The field is the single source of truth — this never writes it.\n  #syncTags() {\n    const field = this.#tagsField()\n    if (!field) return\n    const tags = this.#tagsRead(field)\n    const owns = this.#ownershipFilter()\n    this.#tagsRenderChips(tags, owns)\n    this.#tagsMarkOptions(tags, owns)\n  }\n\n  // Rebuild the chip list: clear the container and clone one chip per tag from\n  // the server-owned template. The tag lands in the clone's\n  // [data-reactive-tag-text] node via textContent (XSS-safe by construction —\n  // never innerHTML, the reactive_text posture), and every tagsRemove trigger\n  // in the clone gets the tag as its param. A missing list is a chip-less\n  // widget (fine — the value still maintains); a missing/empty template warns\n  // ONCE (a half-built binding should be loud, but never per-keystroke).\n  #tagsRenderChips(tags, owns) {\n    const list = [...this.element.querySelectorAll(\"[data-reactive-tags-list]\")].find(owns)\n    if (!list) return\n\n    const template = [...this.element.querySelectorAll(\"[data-reactive-tags-template]\")].find(owns)\n    const chipProto = template?.content?.firstElementChild\n    if (!chipProto) {\n      if (!this.#tagsWarnedTemplate) {\n        console.warn(\n          \"[phlex-reactive] reactive_tags: no chip <template data-reactive-tags-template> found in this root — \" +\n            \"chips will not render (the hidden field still updates). Add a template with a \" +\n            \"[data-reactive-tag-text] node and a reactive_tags_remove button.\"\n        )\n        this.#tagsWarnedTemplate = true\n      }\n      return\n    }\n\n    while (list.firstChild) list.removeChild(list.firstChild)\n    for (const tag of tags) {\n      const chip = chipProto.cloneNode(true)\n      chip.setAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tag\", tag)\n      const sink = chip.matches?.(\"[data-reactive-tag-text]\")\n        ? chip\n        : (chip.querySelectorAll?.(\"[data-reactive-tag-text]\") ?? [])[0]\n      if (sink) sink.textContent = tag\n      const removers = [...(chip.querySelectorAll?.('[data-action*=\"reactive#tagsRemove\"]') ?? [])]\n      if (chip.matches?.('[data-action*=\"reactive#tagsRemove\"]')) removers.push(chip)\n      for (const remover of removers) remover.setAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tag-param\", tag)\n      list.appendChild(chip)\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Hide + mark every owned option whose DECLARED tag is already selected\n  // (data-reactive-tags-selected — #syncFilter keeps it hidden through\n  // re-filters), and resurface an option WE hid when its tag is removed. Only\n  // marker-carrying options are un-hidden — an option hidden by the filter or\n  // the server stays as-is. With a filter bound, one final #syncFilter re-folds\n  // groups/empty against the new selected set.\n  #tagsMarkOptions(tags, owns) {\n    const selected = new Set(tags.map((tag) => tag.toLowerCase()))\n    for (const el of this.element.querySelectorAll(\"[role=option]\")) {\n      if (!owns(el)) continue\n      const tag = el.getAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tag-param\")\n      if (!tag) continue\n      if (selected.has(tag.toLowerCase())) {\n        el.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-tags-selected\", \"true\")\n        el.hidden = true\n        el.removeAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-highlighted\")\n      } else if (el.hasAttribute?.(\"data-reactive-tags-selected\")) {\n        el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-tags-selected\")\n        if (!this.#filterEnabled()) el.hidden = false\n      }\n    }\n    if (this.#filterEnabled()) this.#syncFilter()\n  }\n\n  // A fresh index per nested-row add (issue #208) — strictly monotonic and\n  // clock-seeded, so it can never collide with server-rendered integer indexes\n  // (0..n) NOR with a rapid same-millisecond double add.\n  #nextNestedIndex() {\n    this.#nestedIndex = Math.max(this.#nestedIndex + 1, Date.now())\n    return this.#nestedIndex\n  }\n\n  // Swap every NEW_ROW in the clone's name/id/for for the fresh index, so the\n  // row posts as its own `…_attributes[<index>][field]` group and labels keep\n  // pointing at their (renumbered) inputs.\n  #renumberNestedRow(row, index) {\n    const nodes = [row, ...(row.querySelectorAll?.(\"*\") ?? [])]\n    for (const el of nodes) {\n      for (const attr of [\"name\", \"id\", \"for\"]) {\n        const value = el.getAttribute?.(attr)\n        if (value && value.includes(\"NEW_ROW\")) el.setAttribute?.(attr, value.replaceAll(\"NEW_ROW\", String(index)))\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  // A half-built nested-rows binding should be loud, but never per-click.\n  #warnNestedOnce(assoc) {\n    if (this.#nestedWarned) return\n    console.warn(\n      `[phlex-reactive] nested rows: no owned [data-reactive-nested-list=\"${assoc}\"] container + ` +\n        `<template data-reactive-nested-template=\"${assoc}\"> pair found in this root — the add ` +\n        \"trigger did nothing. Render both inside the same reactive root (reactive_nested_list / \" +\n        \"reactive_nested_template).\"\n    )\n    this.#nestedWarned = true\n  }\n\n  // Remove the tags morph listener on disconnect, so a stray morph event after\n  // the element leaves the DOM never re-projects against a detached root.\n  #teardownTagsSync() {\n    if (!this.#boundSyncTags) return\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSyncTags)\n    this.#boundSyncTags = undefined\n  }\n\n  // Remove the JSON-mode nested-rows listeners on disconnect (issue #208), so a\n  // stray input/change/morph after the element leaves the DOM never re-syncs\n  // against a detached root.\n  #teardownNestedJsonSync() {\n    if (this.#boundSyncNestedJson) {\n      this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"input\", this.#boundSyncNestedJson)\n      this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"change\", this.#boundSyncNestedJson)\n      this.#boundSyncNestedJson = undefined\n    }\n    if (this.#boundSeedNestedJson) {\n      this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSeedNestedJson)\n      this.#boundSeedNestedJson = undefined\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Remove the compute seed morph listener on disconnect (issue #199), so a\n  // stray turbo:morph-element after the element leaves the DOM never re-seeds\n  // against a detached root.\n  #teardownComputeSeed() {\n    if (!this.#boundSeedCompute) return\n    this.element.removeEventListener?.(\"turbo:morph-element\", this.#boundSeedCompute)\n    this.#boundSeedCompute = undefined\n  }\n\n  // Build the multipart body (issue #34). `token`/`act` are flat fields the\n  // endpoint reads from params[:token]/params[:act]; scalar params nest under\n  // params[<key>] (Rails parses the bracket into params[:params]); each file is\n  // appended under params[<name>] (single) — a second file with the same name\n  // (a `multiple` picker, several inputs sharing a name) is sent as\n  // params[<name>][] so Rails coerces it to an array for a [:file] schema.\n  #buildFormData(token, action, params, files) {\n    const fd = new FormData()\n    fd.append(\"token\", token)\n    fd.append(\"act\", action)\n    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(params)) {\n      this.#appendField(fd, `params[${key}]`, value)\n    }\n    const multiNames = this.#multiFileNames(files)\n    for (const { name, file, multiple } of files) {\n      // params[name][] when the input is `multiple` (array shape even for one\n      // file) OR the name repeats across inputs; otherwise a lone scalar file.\n      const asArray = multiple || multiNames.has(name)\n      const key = asArray ? `params[${name}][]` : `params[${name}]`\n      fd.append(key, file, file.name)\n    }\n    return fd\n  }\n\n  // Append a param leaf to FormData under its bracketed key. FormData carries\n  // only strings, so a NON-scalar param (a nested object or an array) is\n  // bracket-EXPANDED into params[key][sub] / params[key][index][...] fields —\n  // the SAME Rails-form shape the server's expand_bracket_keys / array_values\n  // already parse, so a JSON body and a multipart body coerce identically\n  // (issue #39). Previously a non-scalar was JSON.stringify'd into one\n  // params[key]='<json>' field, which the server received as an un-decodable\n  // String leaf and DROPPED (nested hash -> {}, array -> key removed).\n  //\n  // Arrays use NUMERIC indices (params[key][0], params[key][1]) — required for\n  // an array-of-hash so each element's sub-keys stay grouped and the server's\n  // index-hash sort rebuilds order; params[key][] would collapse them. A scalar\n  // (string/number/boolean) is one string field, mirroring the JSON wire shape\n  // (the server's :boolean/:integer casts read \"true\"/\"42\"). null/undefined is\n  // an empty field. An EMPTY array/object emits NOTHING — FormData can't carry\n  // []/{}, so the key is omitted and the action's keyword default applies (this\n  // differs from the JSON path, where an explicit [] coerces to an empty array).\n  #appendField(fd, key, value) {\n    if (value == null) {\n      fd.append(key, \"\")\n    } else if (Array.isArray(value)) {\n      value.forEach((element, index) => this.#appendField(fd, `${key}[${index}]`, element))\n    } else if (typeof value === \"object\") {\n      for (const [subKey, subValue] of Object.entries(value)) {\n        this.#appendField(fd, `${key}[${subKey}]`, subValue)\n      }\n    } else {\n      fd.append(key, String(value))\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Names that appear more than once across the chosen files (a `multiple`\n  // picker, or several file inputs sharing a name) — those go to params[name][]\n  // so the server sees an array; a lone file stays params[name].\n  #multiFileNames(files) {\n    const counts = new Map()\n    for (const { name } of files) counts.set(name, (counts.get(name) ?? 0) + 1)\n    return new Set([...counts].filter(([, n]) => n > 1).map(([name]) => name))\n  }\n\n  #parseParams(raw) {\n    if (!raw) return {}\n    try {\n      return typeof raw === \"string\" ? JSON.parse(raw) : raw\n    } catch {\n      return {}\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Stimulus typecasts a JSON param to the parsed array already; a raw string\n  // (hand-built attr, non-typecasting harness) is parsed here. Delegates to the\n  // shared parseOps so the controller and the reactive:js stream action (issue\n  // #97) treat a malformed ops attr identically (→ [], never a throw).\n  #parseOps(raw) {\n    return parseOps(raw)\n  }\n\n  // Interpret a [[name, args], ...] op list against this root (issue #95),\n  // scoping each op's targets to this controller's own root via #opTargets (the\n  // nested-reactive-root ownership filter, issue #15). The whitelist + skip\n  // logic lives in the shared applyOps so runOps and the reactive:js stream\n  // action interpret the SAME vocabulary the SAME way (client-side default-deny).\n  #applyOps(list) {\n    applyOps(list, (args) => this.#opTargets(args))\n  }\n\n  // Resolve an op's targets: \"@root\" is this element; a selector resolves\n  // WITHIN this root and excludes nested reactive roots' subtrees (issue #15\n  // semantics — the same nearest-root ownership check the field walk uses);\n  // global: true opts a single op out to document-wide.\n  #opTargets(args) {\n    const to = args.to\n    if (to === \"@root\") return [this.element]\n    if (typeof to !== \"string\" || to === \"\") return []\n    if (args.global) return [...document.querySelectorAll(to)]\n    return [...this.element.querySelectorAll(to)].filter((el) => this.#ownsField(el))\n  }\n\n  // Whether a click-bound checkbox/radio trigger should keep its NATIVE flip\n  // (issue #98). `checked: :keep` means \"let the control flip now\": the\n  // unconditional preventDefault is exactly what suppresses that flip until the\n  // morph, so we skip it — but ONLY for a checkbox/radio (a bare toggle click\n  // has no form-navigation default to lose). Any other element (a button) keeps\n  // preventDefault so an in-form submit can't navigate.\n  #keepsNativeToggle(optimistic, target) {\n    if (optimistic?.checked !== \"keep\") return false\n    const type = target?.type\n    return type === \"checkbox\" || type === \"radio\"\n  }\n\n  // Apply the OPTIMISTIC hint (issue #98) NOW and return its `undo` closure — the\n  // exact ops to replay on FAILURE (optimistic reverts only when the round trip\n  // fails; success leaves server truth or the deliberately-standing hint). It is\n  // the same op vocabulary busy: uses (issue #181) via the one #applyHint engine;\n  // the ONLY optimistic-specific op is checked: :keep (honorChecked = true).\n  #applyOptimistic(optimistic, trigger) {\n    if (!optimistic) return null\n    const undo = this.#applyHint(optimistic, trigger, true)\n    return undo.length ? undo : null\n  }\n\n  // Replay the recorded undo ops on failure (issue #98), guarded by isConnected:\n  // a plain (non-morph) replace can detach this subtree before the failure lands,\n  // and reverting a stale/detached node is pointless (it's gone) — so a\n  // disconnected root skips the revert entirely. On success NOTHING calls this:\n  // the server re-render overwrites the hint, or (reply.remove / streams-only)\n  // the hint is deliberately left standing.\n  #revertOptimistic(inverse) {\n    if (!inverse) return\n    if (!this.element.isConnected) return\n    for (const undo of inverse) undo()\n  }\n\n  // Apply the BUSY state for THIS enqueue (issue #181) and return a `settle`\n  // closure that undoes exactly this enqueue's contribution when the round trip\n  // finishes (success OR any failure). Everything is refcounted so overlapping\n  // enqueues never clobber: A's settle can't clear busy while B is still pending.\n  //\n  // Two layers:\n  //   1. The ALWAYS-ON busy vocabulary (fires for every action, no hint needed):\n  //      data-reactive-busy=\"<action>\" on the trigger and the root (a\n  //      space-separated, per-action refcounted set), aria-busy on the root (a\n  //      pending counter), and data-reactive-busy on any busy_on element scoped\n  //      to this action. Apps style a spinner with pure CSS and zero Ruby.\n  //   2. The busy HINT (only when busy: was declared): the SAME cosmetic op set\n  //      as optimistic: (class ops, hide/show, disable, text), applied through\n  //      the one #applyHint engine and reverted on SETTLE (not on failure). These\n  //      apply at ENQUEUE — never during a debounce quiet period — so a debounced\n  //      input is not disabled mid-typing. checked: is optimistic-only, so busy:\n  //      passes honorChecked = false (the Ruby on() already rejects it — this is\n  //      belt-and-braces).\n  #applyBusy(action, trigger, busy) {\n    this.#markBusy(action, trigger)\n    const undo = busy ? this.#applyHint(busy, trigger, false) : []\n    // Global activity signal (issue #201): this enqueue is one in-flight reactive\n    // operation. Entered HERE (at enqueue, via #applyBusy) so the document marker\n    // covers the whole pending window — queue wait included — exactly like the\n    // per-root busy vocabulary. Exited once in the settle closure below, which\n    // #perform runs in its finally on EVERY exit path (success or any failure).\n    enterReactiveActivity()\n\n    let settled = false\n    return () => {\n      if (settled) return // one settle per enqueue, even if called twice\n      settled = true\n      this.#unmarkBusy(action, trigger)\n      exitReactiveActivity()\n      // Busy reverts on SETTLE regardless of outcome, guarded per element.\n      for (const op of undo) op()\n    }\n  }\n\n  // The ONE pending-state hint engine (issue #181), shared by optimistic: (revert\n  // on failure) and busy: (revert on settle) — they differ only in WHEN the\n  // returned undo ops run, never in the ops themselves. Applies the hint's\n  // cosmetic ops to their targets (the trigger by default, or a `to:` selector\n  // scoped to the root) and returns an array of undo closures. Class ops and\n  // hide/show use a DELTA inverse (undo only what THIS call changed, so it\n  // composes across overlapping enqueues); disable/text use a REFCOUNTED snapshot\n  // (the true pre-hint value survives an overlapping enqueue that would otherwise\n  // capture the already-swapped label as the \"original\"). `honorChecked` gates\n  // checked: :keep — an optimistic-only native-control revert.\n  #applyHint(hint, trigger, honorChecked) {\n    const undo = []\n    for (const el of this.#hintTargets(hint, trigger)) {\n      if (hint.add_class) {\n        // Undo only the classes this op ACTUALLY added — a class already present\n        // was not our change, so reverting it would strip a class the element\n        // legitimately had. Capture the real delta now.\n        const added = hint.add_class.filter((c) => !el.classList.contains(c))\n        el.classList.add(...added)\n        if (added.length) undo.push(() => el.classList.remove(...added))\n      }\n      if (hint.remove_class) {\n        // Symmetric: undo only the classes actually removed.\n        const removed = hint.remove_class.filter((c) => el.classList.contains(c))\n        el.classList.remove(...removed)\n        if (removed.length) undo.push(() => el.classList.add(...removed))\n      }\n      if (hint.toggle_class) {\n        // toggle_class is its own inverse regardless of prior state.\n        hint.toggle_class.forEach((c) => el.classList.toggle(c))\n        undo.push(() => hint.toggle_class.forEach((c) => el.classList.toggle(c)))\n      }\n      if (hint.hide) {\n        el.hidden = true\n        undo.push(() => (el.hidden = false))\n      }\n      if (hint.show) {\n        el.hidden = false\n        undo.push(() => (el.hidden = true))\n      }\n    }\n\n    // disable/text swap the TRIGGER (a `to:` retargets only the class/hide/show\n    // ops above — disable/text are inherently trigger affordances). Refcounted so\n    // overlapping enqueues restore correctly.\n    if (trigger && (hint.disable || hint.text != null)) {\n      undo.push(this.#applyTextDisable(hint, trigger))\n    }\n\n    // checked: :keep — the native flip already happened on the trigger; record\n    // the inverse (flip it back) so a revert restores the control's state.\n    if (honorChecked && hint.checked === \"keep\" && trigger && \"checked\" in trigger) {\n      const flipped = trigger.checked\n      undo.push(() => (trigger.checked = !flipped))\n    }\n\n    return undo\n  }\n\n  // The elements a hint's class/hide/show ops apply to: the `to:` selector\n  // (resolved like an op target — \"@root\" is the root, a selector is scoped to\n  // this root's owned matches) or, with no `to:`, the trigger itself.\n  #hintTargets(hint, trigger) {\n    if (hint.to == null) return trigger ? [trigger] : []\n    return this.#opTargets({ to: hint.to })\n  }\n\n  // Swap the trigger's disabled/innerHTML for a pending hint, snapshotting the\n  // ORIGINAL once per trigger (refcounted so an overlapping enqueue never\n  // snapshots the already-swapped \"Saving…\" as the original), and return the undo\n  // closure. text swaps innerHTML (issue #181), NOT textContent: a composite\n  // trigger like `<button><svg/> Save</button>` has child nodes, and\n  // textContent = \"Saving…\" would DESTROY the icon; innerHTML preserves the\n  // markup structure and restores it byte-for-byte.\n  #applyTextDisable(hint, trigger) {\n    const snap = this.#textDisableSnapshots.get(trigger)\n    if (snap) {\n      snap.count++\n    } else {\n      this.#textDisableSnapshots.set(trigger, {\n        count: 1,\n        disabled: trigger.disabled,\n        html: trigger.innerHTML,\n        hadText: hint.text != null,\n        swappedTo: hint.text,\n      })\n    }\n\n    if (hint.disable) trigger.disabled = true\n    if (hint.text != null) trigger.innerHTML = hint.text\n\n    return () => this.#restoreTextDisable(trigger, hint)\n  }\n\n  // Layer 1 — the always-on busy markers. Trigger + root carry the action token;\n  // the root's counter drives aria-busy; busy_on elements scoped to this action\n  // light up. Refcounts (#busyActions, #busyPending) so overlapping requests\n  // don't clear each other.\n  #markBusy(action, trigger) {\n    this.#setBusyToken(trigger, action, +1)\n    this.#setBusyToken(this.element, action, +1)\n\n    this.#busyActions.set(action, (this.#busyActions.get(action) ?? 0) + 1)\n    if (this.#busyPending++ === 0) this.element.setAttribute(\"aria-busy\", \"true\")\n\n    for (const el of this.#busyOnTargets(action)) this.#setBusyToken(el, action, +1)\n  }\n\n  #unmarkBusy(action, trigger) {\n    this.#setBusyToken(trigger, action, -1)\n    this.#setBusyToken(this.element, action, -1)\n\n    const count = (this.#busyActions.get(action) ?? 1) - 1\n    if (count <= 0) this.#busyActions.delete(action)\n    else this.#busyActions.set(action, count)\n\n    if (--this.#busyPending <= 0) {\n      this.#busyPending = 0\n      this.element.removeAttribute(\"aria-busy\")\n    }\n\n    for (const el of this.#busyOnTargets(action)) this.#setBusyToken(el, action, -1)\n  }\n\n  // Add (+1) or remove (-1) `action` from an element's space-separated\n  // data-reactive-busy token set, refcounted PER ELEMENT+ACTION so two queued\n  // requests of the same action on the same element don't drop the token early\n  // (and two DIFFERENT actions both keep their token — the set never clobbers).\n  // The attribute is removed only when the set empties. No-op on a nullish/\n  // detached element (a morph may have replaced the trigger before settle).\n  #setBusyToken(el, action, delta) {\n    if (!el || typeof el.getAttribute !== \"function\") return\n\n    const counts = (this.#busyTokenCounts.get(el) ?? new Map())\n    const next = (counts.get(action) ?? 0) + delta\n    if (next <= 0) counts.delete(action)\n    else counts.set(action, next)\n\n    if (counts.size === 0) {\n      this.#busyTokenCounts.delete(el)\n      el.removeAttribute(\"data-reactive-busy\")\n      return\n    }\n    this.#busyTokenCounts.set(el, counts)\n    el.setAttribute(\"data-reactive-busy\", [...counts.keys()].join(\" \"))\n  }\n\n  // busy_on elements scoped to THIS action, owned by this root (not a nested\n  // reactive root's, issue #15). data-reactive-busy-on=\"<action>\" is the marker\n  // busy_on(:action) emits.\n  #busyOnTargets(action) {\n    const nodes = this.element.querySelectorAll?.(\"[data-reactive-busy-on]\") ?? []\n    return [...nodes].filter(\n      (el) => el.getAttribute(\"data-reactive-busy-on\") === action && this.#ownsField(el),\n    )\n  }\n\n  // Restore the trigger's disabled/innerHTML from its snapshot when the LAST\n  // enqueue for that trigger settles (refcount → 0). GUARDED: skip a disconnected\n  // trigger (a plain replace detached it — the node is gone), and do NOT restore\n  // the label if it no longer equals what we swapped IN (a morph rendered a new\n  // server label — clobbering it with the old markup would fight server truth).\n  // The comparison + restore both use innerHTML so a composite trigger (icon +\n  // label) round-trips its full markup, not a flattened text run (issue #181).\n  #restoreTextDisable(trigger, hint) {\n    const snap = this.#textDisableSnapshots.get(trigger)\n    if (!snap) return\n    if (--snap.count > 0) return // another enqueue for this trigger is still pending\n    this.#textDisableSnapshots.delete(trigger)\n\n    if (!trigger.isConnected) return // detached — nothing to restore\n\n    if (hint.disable) trigger.disabled = snap.disabled\n    if (snap.hadText && trigger.innerHTML === snap.swappedTo) trigger.innerHTML = snap.html\n  }\n\n  // Deploy-overlap read shim (issue #181): a page still rendered by the PREVIOUS\n  // gem emits the old data-reactive-loading-param, whose `class:` key is the busy\n  // vocabulary's `add_class:`. Remap it so an in-flight legacy page keeps its\n  // pending affordance through the one #applyHint engine. Returns null for the\n  // common (no legacy param) case so the fast path is untouched. Drop this shim\n  // one minor after #181 ships (no page can still carry the old attr by then).\n  #legacyLoadingHint(loading) {\n    if (!loading || typeof loading !== \"object\") return null\n    const { class: cls, ...rest } = loading\n    return cls == null ? loading : { ...rest, add_class: cls }\n  }\n\n  // The action path comes from a <meta> tag that is fixed for the page's life,\n  // so resolve it once per controller and cache it — avoids a querySelector on\n  // every dispatch (this runs on the request hot path, once per click/keystroke\n  // round trip). Cached on the instance, so a fresh connect() (after a Turbo\n  // navigation swaps the element) re-reads it.\n  #actionPath() {\n    return (this.#actionPathCache ??=\n      document.querySelector('meta[name=\"phlex-reactive-action-path\"]')?.content ||\n      \"/reactive/actions\")\n  }\n\n  // The per-request timeout in ms (issue #101), from a page-stable\n  // <meta name=\"phlex-reactive-timeout\"> (default 30000). Cached per-controller\n  // like the action path. Parsed defensively: a missing/blank/non-positive/NaN\n  // value falls back to the default, so a typo'd meta can never disable the\n  // timeout (which would reintroduce the wedged-queue bug) or set a zero/negative\n  // window that aborts instantly.\n  #timeoutMs() {\n    if (this.#timeoutMsCache != null) return this.#timeoutMsCache\n    const raw = document.querySelector('meta[name=\"phlex-reactive-timeout\"]')?.content\n    const ms = Number(raw)\n    return (this.#timeoutMsCache = Number.isFinite(ms) && ms > 0 ? ms : 30000)\n  }\n\n  // CSRF token and connection id are read LIVE (not cached) on purpose: Rails\n  // can rotate the CSRF token, and the pgbus connection id changes on an SSE\n  // reconnect — caching either would send a stale value. A single querySelector\n  // per request is cheap next to the round trip itself.\n  #csrfToken() {\n    return document.querySelector('meta[name=\"csrf-token\"]')?.content ?? \"\"\n  }\n\n  // The pgbus SSE connection id, if the page is subscribed to a stream. pgbus\n  // reflects it onto the <pgbus-stream-source connection-id=\"…\"> element (and\n  // apps may mirror it to <meta name=\"pgbus-connection-id\">). Returns null\n  // when not present (e.g. no pgbus, or no active subscription) — the header\n  // is then simply omitted.\n  #connectionId() {\n    return (\n      document.querySelector(\"pgbus-stream-source[connection-id]\")?.getAttribute(\"connection-id\") ||\n      document.querySelector('meta[name=\"pgbus-connection-id\"]')?.content ||\n      null\n    )\n  }\n}\n"
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+  "debugId": "B44B95BDB680993364756E2164756E21",
   "names": []
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/benchmark/micro/broadcast.rb b/benchmark/micro/broadcast.rb
index d5909b1..2da0911 100644
--- a/benchmark/micro/broadcast.rb
+++ b/benchmark/micro/broadcast.rb
@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@
 #
 # The point of the bench is the per-CALL multi-KEY cliff. Broadcasting one
 # component to K different stream keys (a per-tenant loop — "the list page
-# stream AND the dashboard stream") with the classic `broadcast_replace_to` is
+# stream AND the dashboard stream") with a hand-written K-call loop is
 # K× build + K× render + K× HMAC for BYTE-IDENTICAL HTML, because `*streamables`
-# concatenates into ONE key. `broadcast_replace_to_each` renders ONCE and fans
-# the shared payload out over K cheap channel calls. This bench measures the
-# gap at 1 key (parity) and over 10 keys (the win).
+# concatenates into ONE key. `broadcast_to(each: keys, ...)` (the issue #185
+# spelling of the old _to_each) renders ONCE and fans the shared payload out
+# over K cheap channel calls. This bench measures the gap at 1 key (parity)
+# and over 10 keys (the win).
 #
 #   ruby benchmark/micro/broadcast.rb
 #   rake bench:micro
@@ -38,33 +39,34 @@ class << self
 
 KEYS = Array.new(10) { ["tenant:#{it}", :counters] }
 
-BenchSupport.header("broadcast_replace_to: 1 key vs a hand K-key loop vs _to_each")
+BenchSupport.header("broadcast_to replace: 1 key vs a hand K-key loop vs each:")
 BenchSupport.ips do
   # 1 key: the baseline single-key broadcast — one build + one render + one HMAC.
-  it.report("replace_to (1 key)") do
-    CounterComponent.broadcast_replace_to(*KEYS.first, model: nil)
+  it.report("replace (1 key)") do
+    CounterComponent.broadcast_to(*KEYS.first, replace: nil)
   end
 
   # The naive K-key fan-out a developer writes today: K× everything for
   # byte-identical HTML. This is the cliff issue #119 removes.
-  it.report("replace_to loop (10 keys)") do
-    KEYS.each { CounterComponent.broadcast_replace_to(*it, model: nil) }
+  it.report("replace loop (10 keys)") do
+    KEYS.each { CounterComponent.broadcast_to(*it, replace: nil) }
   end
 
-  # The new API: render ONCE, fan out over 10 cheap channel calls.
-  it.report("replace_to_each (10 keys)") do
-    CounterComponent.broadcast_replace_to_each(KEYS, model: nil)
+  # The each: fan-out (issue #185 spelling of _to_each): render ONCE, fan out
+  # over 10 cheap channel calls.
+  it.report("replace each: (10 keys)") do
+    CounterComponent.broadcast_to(each: KEYS, replace: nil)
   end
 end
 
-BenchSupport.header("allocations: K-key fan-out (loop vs _to_each), K=10")
+BenchSupport.header("allocations: K-key fan-out (loop vs each:), K=10")
 # Warm the per-class view-context + token caches so we measure the steady state.
-CounterComponent.broadcast_replace_to(*KEYS.first, model: nil)
-BenchSupport.allocations("replace_to loop (10 keys)") do
-  KEYS.each { CounterComponent.broadcast_replace_to(*it, model: nil) }
+CounterComponent.broadcast_to(*KEYS.first, replace: nil)
+BenchSupport.allocations("replace loop (10 keys)") do
+  KEYS.each { CounterComponent.broadcast_to(*it, replace: nil) }
 end
-BenchSupport.allocations("replace_to_each (10 keys)") do
-  CounterComponent.broadcast_replace_to_each(KEYS, model: nil)
+BenchSupport.allocations("replace each: (10 keys)") do
+  CounterComponent.broadcast_to(each: KEYS, replace: nil)
 end
 
 # --- model_param_name: a measure-first candidate (issue #119) --------------
diff --git a/docs/app/views/docs/pages/actions_events.rb b/docs/app/views/docs/pages/actions_events.rb
index 136c470..02ad9ba 100644
--- a/docs/app/views/docs/pages/actions_events.rb
+++ b/docs/app/views/docs/pages/actions_events.rb
@@ -342,6 +342,13 @@ def client_only
               + POST) only when the server must **decide** or **persist** something.
               See the [client-only ops example](/docs/example-client-ops) for the live
               version.
+
+              The vocabulary includes `submit` (#226): `on_client(:change,
+              js.submit("form"))` on a select is the one-line autosubmit filter —
+              `requestSubmit()` fires a real submit event, so a native/Turbo form
+              navigates normally and an `on(:save, event: "submit")` interception
+              turns it into a signed action instead. Actor-only like focus: refused
+              in broadcasts.
             MD
           end
         end
diff --git a/docs/app/views/docs/pages/example_client_ops.rb b/docs/app/views/docs/pages/example_client_ops.rb
index b252338..e44ac5b 100644
--- a/docs/app/views/docs/pages/example_client_ops.rb
+++ b/docs/app/views/docs/pages/example_client_ops.rb
@@ -48,8 +48,9 @@ def how
               them locally through the one generic reactive controller. The ops are a
               **frozen whitelist** — `show`/`hide`/`toggle`, `add_class`/
               `remove_class`/`toggle_class`, `set_attr`/`toggle_attr`/`remove_attr`,
-              `focus`/`focus_first`, `text`, `dispatch` — each a pure, local DOM
-              mutation. Nothing is read back, nothing is sent anywhere.
+              `focus`/`focus_first`, `text`, `dispatch`, `submit` — each a pure,
+              local DOM mutation. Nothing is read back, nothing is sent anywhere
+              (`submit` hands the form to its own native/intercepted submit path).
 
               - **Tabs:** `js.hide(".ct-panel").show("#ct-panel-1")` plus class ops on
                 the tab buttons — the "I had to write a Stimulus controller" case, now
@@ -71,15 +72,36 @@ def ops
               Ops are built with the server-side `js` helper and serialized into a
               `data-reactive-ops` attribute the client interprets. An op name not on
               the whitelist is warn-and-skipped (client-side default-deny) — a stale
-              or newer ops attribute can never break the page. `focus`/`focus_first`
-              are allowed here (an actor's own gesture) but **rejected** from a
-              broadcast, where stealing focus in every subscriber's tab would be hostile.
+              or newer ops attribute can never break the page. `focus`/`focus_first`/
+              `submit` are allowed here (an actor's own gesture) but **rejected**
+              from a broadcast — stealing focus in every subscriber's tab, or
+              force-submitting every subscriber's form, would be hostile.
 
               `text(to, value)` (#159) sets the target's `textContent` — stringified,
               `nil` clears, **never `innerHTML`** — so a chain can paint a label or a
               derived number without a round trip. Pair it with `global: true` to
               reach a node **outside** the component's root (the cross-root text
               escape a read-only recap needs).
+
+              `submit(to = :root)` (#226) commits the **target's own form** via
+              `requestSubmit()` — the target itself when it *is* a form, a
+              control's form owner, else the nearest ancestor form. A real
+              cancelable `submit` event fires, so a native/Turbo form navigates
+              normally and an `on(:save, event: "submit")` interception turns it
+              into a signed action. That makes the classic autosubmit filter one
+              declared line, with Turbo Drive handling the visit:
+
+              ```ruby
+              form(action: "/products", method: "get") do
+                select(name: "sort", **on_client(:change, js.submit("form"))) { sort_options }
+              end
+              ```
+
+              Binding a submit op to the `submit` event itself raises at render —
+              requestSubmit dispatches the very event the trigger would listen to.
+              For "submit when a **text** value becomes complete", see the
+              conditional forms below and the compute reducer's `$ops` output on
+              the [payment-split example](/docs/example-payment-split).
             MD
             DocsUI::Callout(:tip) do
               md <<~MD
@@ -104,7 +126,9 @@ def value_conditional
               values on every `input`/`change`. Still client-only: no token, no POST.
 
               A **Hash is an AND**, an **Array is membership**, a **Range is a
-              threshold**, and `unless:` **negates** — the whole value vocabulary:
+              threshold**, `{ length: … }` compares the value's **codepoint
+              count** (#226), and `unless:` **negates** — the whole value
+              vocabulary:
 
               ```ruby
               div(**reactive_show(unless: { mode: "off" }))            { "shipping details" }
@@ -112,6 +136,7 @@ def value_conditional
               div(**reactive_show(if: { delivery: "ship" }))           { "address fields" } # radio value
               div(**reactive_show(if: { size: %w[l xl] }))             { "surcharge note" } # membership
               div(**reactive_show(if: { quantity: 10.. }))             { "bulk note" }      # threshold
+              div(**reactive_show(if: { code: { length: 6 } }))        { "ready badge" }    # exact length
               ```
 
               Extra HTML attrs pass through unambiguously (conditions live in `if:`),
@@ -176,6 +201,35 @@ def reactive_values = { director: @director, role: @role, quantity: @qty }
                 mode: { "#advanced-tab" => "advanced" }
               )
               ```
+
+              **Conditional OPS — `reactive_on_complete` (#226).** `reactive_show`
+              decides *visibility* from a condition; `reactive_on_complete` runs a
+              **client-op chain** on the condition's rising edge — once, when it
+              first becomes true; going false re-arms; the connect/morph pass arms
+              *without* firing, so a re-render with already-satisfied conditions
+              never self-fires. Same `if:`/`if_any:`/`unless:` kwargs, `run:` takes
+              a `js` chain (class-level `js` is available in the declaration):
+
+              ```ruby
+              reactive_state :code
+              action :verify, params: { code: :string }
+              reactive_on_complete if: { code: { length: 6 } }, run: js.dispatch("code:complete")
+
+              def view_template
+                div(**mix(reactive_root, on(:verify, event: "code:complete"))) do
+                  input(name: "code")
+                end
+              end
+              ```
+
+              That is a complete auto-committing verification-code field with
+              **zero JavaScript** — the dispatch bubbles to the root's own
+              `on(:verify, event: "code:complete")`, which turns completion into
+              one signed action POST. `run: js.submit` commits the surrounding
+              form instead. When completion needs **normalization first** (strip
+              separators, cap length), put the condition in the reducer and use
+              its `$ops` output — see the
+              [compute example](/docs/example-payment-split).
             MD
             render Views::Examples::LiveExample.new(
               component: ConditionalFieldsetComponent.new,
diff --git a/docs/app/views/docs/pages/example_payment_split.rb b/docs/app/views/docs/pages/example_payment_split.rb
index 5b0df83..e2e1ed7 100644
--- a/docs/app/views/docs/pages/example_payment_split.rb
+++ b/docs/app/views/docs/pages/example_payment_split.rb
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ def content
           disabled_field
           live_typing
           compute
+          ops_output
           cross_root_mirror
           transient
           notes
@@ -328,6 +329,49 @@ def compute
           end
         end
 
+        def ops_output
+          DocsUI::Section('Commit when complete — the reserved $ops output (#226)') do
+            md <<~MD
+              Outputs write **values**; the reserved `$ops` key emits a
+              **conditional side effect** — the piece that used to force a bespoke
+              controller next to an otherwise-declarative compute. Return an op
+              chain (the `ops` builder mirrors the Ruby `js` verbs) and the
+              controller runs it through the same frozen op whitelist as
+              `on_client`, **after** the field writes, text sinks, and their
+              dispatched `input` events settle. The canonical one-time-code field:
+
+              ```js
+              import { setComputeReducer, ops } from "phlex/reactive/compute"
+
+              setComputeReducer("otp", ({ code }) => {
+                const digits = code.replace(/\D/g, "").slice(0, 6)
+                return { code: digits, $ops: digits.length === 6 ? ops.submit() : null }
+              })
+              ```
+
+              With the component root being the form (carrying
+              `on(:verify, event: "submit")`), six digits — typed, pasted dirty
+              (`123-456`), or SMS-autofilled — normalize and commit as **one**
+              signed action POST. The safety contract:
+
+              - **Rising edge, keyed on chain content**: an identical chain never
+                re-fires (a capped 7th keystroke can't re-submit); a *different*
+                chain fires again — a six-box reducer advancing focus emits a new
+                `ops.focus` target per digit. Returning `null` re-arms.
+              - **Event-gated**: the connect/morph seed pass arms **without**
+                firing, so a validation-error re-render (or browser restore) with
+                an already-complete value never self-submits.
+              - `submit`/`focus` stay **actor-only** — usable here and in
+                `on_client`/`reply.js`, refused in broadcasts.
+
+              When the condition needs no normalization, skip the reducer entirely:
+              `reactive_on_complete if: { code: { length: 6 } }, run: js.dispatch("code:complete")`
+              declares the whole binding in Ruby — see the
+              [client-ops example](/docs/example-client-ops).
+            MD
+          end
+        end
+
         def cross_root_mirror
           DocsUI::Section('A recap outside the root: cross-root mirrors (#159)') do
             md <<~MD
diff --git a/docs/app/views/docs/pages/security.rb b/docs/app/views/docs/pages/security.rb
index 3f4dfc1..3ad7e3c 100644
--- a/docs/app/views/docs/pages/security.rb
+++ b/docs/app/views/docs/pages/security.rb
@@ -133,6 +133,14 @@ def default_deny_rule
               Only methods declared with `action :name` are invokable. Don't declare an action
               you don't intend to expose. Public methods without `action` are unreachable, but
               don't rely on obscurity — declare narrowly.
+
+              The **client-op vocabulary** carries the same posture: a fixed frozen whitelist
+              (unknown ops warn-and-skip), an attribute allowlist enforced twice (build time
+              AND interpret time), and an **actor-only tier** — `focus`, `focus_first`, and
+              `submit` (#226) are allowed from the actor's own gesture or reply
+              (`on_client` / `reply.js` / a reducer's `$ops`) but **refused in broadcasts**:
+              a broadcast op must never steal focus in, or force-submit a form from, every
+              subscriber's tab.
             MD
           end
         end
diff --git a/lib/phlex/reactive/component.rb b/lib/phlex/reactive/component.rb
index 5c10a4a..82726f9 100644
--- a/lib/phlex/reactive/component.rb
+++ b/lib/phlex/reactive/component.rb
@@ -104,6 +104,15 @@ module Component
       # default-deny; the client interpreter re-checks the shape).
       ComputeDefinition = Data.define(:name, :inputs, :outputs, :reducer, :input_types, :mirror)
 
+      # A declared completion binding (issue #226): `conditions` are the
+      # pre-compiled ShowConditions DNF groups (the ONE conditions language,
+      # including the #226 length: form); `ops` is the validated [[op, args],…]
+      # client-op chain. The generic controller evaluates the conditions over
+      # the owned fields on input/change and runs the ops on the RISING EDGE —
+      # the conditions' first flip to true — through the same frozen CLIENT_OPS
+      # whitelist as on_client. The connect/morph pass arms without firing.
+      OnCompleteDefinition = Data.define(:name, :conditions, :ops)
+
       # A declared add/remove-row collection (issue #35): the list contract tied
       # into one unit — the per-row item component, the container DOM id rows
       # live in, an optional companion count id, an optional empty-state
diff --git a/lib/phlex/reactive/component/dsl.rb b/lib/phlex/reactive/component/dsl.rb
index 4819b08..d40eae1 100644
--- a/lib/phlex/reactive/component/dsl.rb
+++ b/lib/phlex/reactive/component/dsl.rb
@@ -450,6 +450,71 @@ def reactive_computes
             Registry.resolve_hash(self, :computes, :reactive_computes)
           end
 
+          # A fresh client-op chain at CLASS level (issue #226), so a
+          # reactive_on_complete declaration reads like its on_client sibling:
+          #
+          #   reactive_on_complete if: { code: { length: 6 } },
+          #     run: js.dispatch("code:complete")
+          #
+          # The instance helper (Component::Helpers#js) is unchanged.
+          def js
+            Phlex::Reactive::JS.new
+          end
+
+          # Declarative completion binding (issue #226): when the declared
+          # conditions FIRST become true — evaluated client-side over the owned
+          # fields on input/change — run a chain of client DOM ops. The
+          # conditions are the SAME if:/if_any:/unless: kwargs reactive_show
+          # takes (the ONE ShowConditions language, including the length: form);
+          # `run:` is a js chain or a raw [[op, args], …] list (allowlist
+          # re-checked, like every raw-ops escape hatch).
+          #
+          #   reactive_on_complete if: { code: { length: 6 } },
+          #     run: js.dispatch("code:complete")
+          #   reactive_on_complete :commit, if: { code: { length: 6 } }, run: js.submit
+          #
+          # RISING-EDGE, actor-gesture semantics on the client: ops fire once on
+          # the flip to true, re-arm when the conditions go false, and the
+          # connect/morph pass arms WITHOUT firing (a re-render with already-
+          # satisfied conditions never self-fires). The optional NAME (default
+          # :default) keys the registry so a component can declare several
+          # independent bindings; redeclaring a name overrides it (inheritance
+          # follows the Registry rules, like reactive_compute).
+          def reactive_on_complete(name = :default, run:, **conditions)
+            groups = Phlex::Reactive::ShowConditions.normalize(**conditions)
+            Registry.write_entry(
+              self, :on_completes, name.to_sym,
+              OnCompleteDefinition.new(
+                name: name.to_sym, conditions: groups,
+                ops: normalize_on_complete_ops(name, run)
+              )
+            )
+          end
+
+          def reactive_on_completes
+            Registry.resolve_hash(self, :on_completes, :reactive_on_completes)
+          end
+
+          # The wire JSON for the root's data-reactive-on-complete attr — a
+          # frozen array of { any:, ops: } bindings, or nil when undeclared
+          # (byte-stable wire). Memoized per class against the registry
+          # generation (one integer compare) because reactive_attrs is the
+          # token-signing hot path — the reactive_effect_attrs precedent.
+          def reactive_on_complete_attr
+            registry_gen = Registry.generation
+            return @reactive_on_complete_attr if @reactive_on_complete_attr_gen == registry_gen
+
+            bindings = reactive_on_completes
+            @reactive_on_complete_attr =
+              if bindings.empty?
+                nil
+              else
+                bindings.values.map { { "any" => it.conditions, "ops" => it.ops } }.to_json.freeze
+              end
+            @reactive_on_complete_attr_gen = registry_gen
+            @reactive_on_complete_attr
+          end
+
           # Fetch one compute definition — the reader form matching
           # reactive_collection_def (issue #115). The bare reactive_compute(name)
           # getter above is a PERMANENT documented alias (it shipped in the same
@@ -480,6 +545,25 @@ def reactive_compute?(name)
           #     nil types, so the array-form wire stays byte-identical and the client
           #     keeps its numeric coercion.
           #
+          # Validate + normalize a reactive_on_complete run: chain (issue #226)
+          # to the raw [[op, args], …] pairs. A js chain is already validated at
+          # build time; a raw list re-runs the attr allowlist — the same
+          # defense-in-depth every raw-ops escape hatch gets (js([...]) /
+          # broadcast_to(js: [...])). Loud on anything else — a dead or hostile
+          # binding must fail at class load, never no-op in the browser.
+          def normalize_on_complete_ops(name, run)
+            pairs = run.is_a?(Phlex::Reactive::JS) ? run.ops : run
+            unless pairs.is_a?(Array)
+              raise ArgumentError,
+                "reactive_on_complete #{name.inspect} run: takes a js chain " \
+                "(js.dispatch(\"code:complete\")) or a raw [[op, args], ...] list, got #{run.class}"
+            end
+            raise ArgumentError, "reactive_on_complete #{name.inspect} got no ops — a dead binding" if pairs.empty?
+
+            Phlex::Reactive::JS.assert_ops_allowed!(pairs) unless run.is_a?(Phlex::Reactive::JS)
+            pairs
+          end
+
           # Named after the shape it normalizes.
           def normalize_compute_inputs(inputs)
             return normalize_typed_compute_inputs(inputs) if inputs.is_a?(Hash)
diff --git a/lib/phlex/reactive/component/helpers.rb b/lib/phlex/reactive/component/helpers.rb
index 85be6d0..bf5e3d0 100644
--- a/lib/phlex/reactive/component/helpers.rb
+++ b/lib/phlex/reactive/component/helpers.rb
@@ -98,6 +98,14 @@ def reactive_attrs
           if self.class.respond_to?(:reactive_effect_attrs) && (effects = self.class.reactive_effect_attrs)
             data.merge!(effects)
           end
+          # Completion bindings (issue #226): the declared reactive_on_complete
+          # bindings ride the root as ONE JSON attr the client evaluates over
+          # the owned fields (rising edge → run the ops). nil when undeclared —
+          # no key, byte-stable wire. Per-class memo (one integer compare).
+          if self.class.respond_to?(:reactive_on_complete_attr) &&
+             (on_complete = self.class.reactive_on_complete_attr)
+            data[:reactive_on_complete] = on_complete
+          end
           { data: }
         end
 
@@ -381,6 +389,14 @@ def on_client(event, ops, window: false, once: false, outside: false, confirm: n
           raise ArgumentError, "on_client(#{event.inspect}) got no ops — a dead trigger" if ops.empty?
 
           event = event.to_s
+          # Issue #226: requestSubmit dispatches the very `submit` event this
+          # trigger would be bound to — an infinite loop. Loud at render.
+          if event == "submit" && ops.ops.any? { |name, _| name == "submit" }
+            raise ArgumentError,
+              "on_client(:submit, js.submit) would re-fire itself — requestSubmit dispatches the " \
+              "submit event this trigger is bound to. Bind the submit op to another event " \
+              "(change/input), or gate it behind a reducer's $ops / reactive_on_complete."
+          end
           window_bound = window || outside
           attrs = {
             data: {
diff --git a/lib/phlex/reactive/component/registry.rb b/lib/phlex/reactive/component/registry.rb
index 43e3cc4..c9e7ae6 100644
--- a/lib/phlex/reactive/component/registry.rb
+++ b/lib/phlex/reactive/component/registry.rb
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ module Registry
           state_keys: :@reactive_own_state_keys,
           collections: :@reactive_own_collections,
           computes: :@reactive_own_computes,
+          # Completion bindings — reactive_on_complete (issue #226).
+          on_completes: :@reactive_own_on_completes,
           record_key: :@reactive_own_record_key,
           # Form-field namespace — reactive_scope (issue #180).
           scope: :@reactive_own_scope,
diff --git a/lib/phlex/reactive/js.rb b/lib/phlex/reactive/js.rb
index 9df208b..10b9325 100644
--- a/lib/phlex/reactive/js.rb
+++ b/lib/phlex/reactive/js.rb
@@ -170,6 +170,21 @@ def focus_first(to, global: false)
         append("focus_first", target_args(to, global:))
       end
 
+      # --- Submit (issue #226) ---
+      #
+      # submit(to = :root) — requestSubmit() the TARGET'S OWN form: the target
+      # itself when it IS a form, else its form owner (input.form, honoring a
+      # form= attribute), else the nearest ancestor form. requestSubmit runs
+      # constraint validation and fires a REAL cancelable `submit` event, so it
+      # composes with both a native/Turbo form and an on(:action, event:
+      # "submit") interception. ACTOR-ONLY like focus: allowed from on_client /
+      # reply.js / a reducer's $ops, refused in broadcast_to(js:) — a broadcast
+      # submit would force-submit every subscriber's form.
+
+      def submit(to = :root, global: false)
+        append("submit", target_args(to, global:))
+      end
+
       # --- Text content (issue #159) ---
       #
       # text(to, value) — set the target's textContent (stringified; nil clears).
diff --git a/lib/phlex/reactive/show_conditions.rb b/lib/phlex/reactive/show_conditions.rb
index 67eb7d4..e2ba645 100644
--- a/lib/phlex/reactive/show_conditions.rb
+++ b/lib/phlex/reactive/show_conditions.rb
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ module Reactive
     #   (..10)                       -> lte 10
     #   (...10)                      -> lt 10
     #   (10..20)                     -> gte 10 AND lte 20 (two terms, one group)
+    #   { length: 6 }                -> len_eq 6 (issue #226 — the value's
+    #   { length: 6.. } / (4..8)        CODEPOINT count; Integer Ranges reuse
+    #                                   the threshold vocabulary as len_*)
     # Under unless: each term is NEGATED (De Morgan):
     #   scalar -> not; Array -> ∉ (AND of nots); Range -> the complement
     #   predicate (¬gte→lt, ¬lte→gt, ¬lt→gte), and a BOUNDED range complements
@@ -29,6 +32,12 @@ module Reactive
     # bounded-range complement splits). There is NO expression surface: every
     # term is a declared literal predicate — the pre-#180 default-deny posture.
     module ShowConditions
+      # The length-predicate wire keys (issue #226) — the Ruby half; the client
+      # mirrors them in SHOW_LENGTH_KEYS. Length is counted in CODEPOINTS
+      # (String#length here, [...value].length there) so multibyte values agree
+      # — the shared fixture's emoji vector proves it.
+      LENGTH_KEYS = %w[len_eq len_gte len_gt len_lte len_lt].freeze
+
       module_function
 
       # Compile if:/if_any:/unless: into DNF groups. Loud validation at render
@@ -128,6 +137,7 @@ def positive_terms(field, value)
         case value
         when Range then range_terms(name, value)
         when Array then [membership_term(name, value)]
+        when Hash then length_terms(name, value)
         else [{ "field" => name, "equals" => equals_literal(value) }]
         end
       end
@@ -171,6 +181,93 @@ def validate_range_endpoints!(name, first, last)
         end
       end
 
+      # --- the length predicate (issue #226) ----------------------------------
+
+      # A Hash value names a STRUCTURAL predicate — today only length:. Exact
+      # Integer -> one len_eq term; an Integer Range -> len_gte/len_lte/len_lt
+      # terms exactly like range_terms. Length is a total function over the
+      # value's codepoints (blank/absent -> 0), so { length: 0 } legitimately
+      # matches a blank field.
+      def length_terms(name, hash)
+        value = length_value!(name, hash)
+        case value
+        when Integer
+          validate_length_literal!(name, value)
+          [{ "field" => name, "len_eq" => value }]
+        when Range then length_range_terms(name, value)
+        else raise_length_kind(name, value)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def length_range_terms(name, range)
+        first = range.begin
+        last = range.end
+        raise_length_kind(name, range) if first.nil? && last.nil?
+        [first, last].compact.each { validate_length_literal!(name, it) }
+
+        terms = []
+        terms << { "field" => name, "len_gte" => first } unless first.nil?
+        if last
+          terms << { "field" => name, (range.exclude_end? ? "len_lt" : "len_lte") => last }
+        end
+        terms
+      end
+
+      # The complement of a length predicate, under unless:. Exact length
+      # negates to the outside disjunction (len < n OR len > n) — two
+      # alternatives, like a bounded numeric range; ranges complement each leg
+      # (not-gte -> lt, not-lte -> gt, not-lt -> gte). Length is total, so
+      # unlike the numeric complements there is no blank/NaN fail-closed
+      # asymmetry — the complement is exact.
+      def length_complement(name, hash)
+        value = length_value!(name, hash)
+        case value
+        when Integer
+          validate_length_literal!(name, value)
+          [[{ "field" => name, "len_lt" => value }], [{ "field" => name, "len_gt" => value }]]
+        when Range
+          first = value.begin
+          last = value.end
+          raise_length_kind(name, value) if first.nil? && last.nil?
+          [first, last].compact.each { validate_length_literal!(name, it) }
+
+          low = first.nil? ? nil : [{ "field" => name, "len_lt" => first }]
+          high =
+            if last.nil? then nil
+            elsif value.exclude_end? then [{ "field" => name, "len_gte" => last }]
+            else [{ "field" => name, "len_gt" => last }]
+            end
+          [low, high].compact
+        else raise_length_kind(name, value)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # The one Hash key must be length: — anything else is a typo'd predicate
+      # that must fail at render, never silently in the browser.
+      def length_value!(name, hash)
+        unless hash.size == 1 && hash.keys.first.to_s == "length"
+          raise ArgumentError,
+            "reactive_show: #{name.inspect} Hash value supports only length: " \
+            "(got #{hash.keys.inspect})"
+        end
+
+        hash.values.first
+      end
+
+      def validate_length_literal!(name, value)
+        return if value.is_a?(Integer) && value >= 0
+
+        raise ArgumentError,
+          "reactive_show: #{name.inspect} length: takes a non-negative Integer " \
+          "(a codepoint count), got #{value.inspect}"
+      end
+
+      def raise_length_kind(name, value)
+        raise ArgumentError,
+          "reactive_show: #{name.inspect} length: takes a non-negative Integer " \
+          "or an Integer Range, got #{value.inspect}"
+      end
+
       # --- the value language (negated, under unless:) -----------------------
 
       # A field => value under unless: -> a LIST of alternative term-lists.
@@ -182,6 +279,7 @@ def negative_alternatives(field, value)
         name = field.to_s
         case value
         when Range then range_complement(name, value)
+        when Hash then length_complement(name, value)
         when Array
           list = value.map(&:to_s)
           raise ArgumentError, "reactive_show: #{name.inspect} Array needs at least one value" if list.empty?
@@ -223,10 +321,28 @@ def term_matches?(term, values)
         if term.key?("equals") then value == term["equals"]
         elsif term.key?("not") then value != term["not"]
         elsif term.key?("in") then term["in"].include?(value)
+        elsif (key = LENGTH_KEYS.find { term.key?(it) }) then length_term_matches?(key, term[key], value)
         else numeric_term_matches?(term, value)
         end
       end
 
+      # len_* — compare the value's CODEPOINT count (String#length) against the
+      # Integer literal. Length is total (blank/absent -> 0), so every value is
+      # decidable; a malformed non-Integer literal (a hand-built term) is
+      # fail-closed, mirroring the client's warn-skip.
+      def length_term_matches?(key, literal, value)
+        return false unless literal.is_a?(Integer)
+
+        length = value.to_s.length
+        case key
+        when "len_eq" then length == literal
+        when "len_gte" then length >= literal
+        when "len_gt" then length > literal
+        when "len_lte" then length <= literal
+        when "len_lt" then length < literal
+        end
+      end
+
       # gte/gt/lte/lt — coerce the field value to a number; a blank/non-numeric
       # value is fail-closed (never matches). Mirrors the client's
       # numericPredicateMatches (blank/whitespace -> NaN -> false).
diff --git a/lib/phlex/reactive/streamable.rb b/lib/phlex/reactive/streamable.rb
index 91c098d..7194e30 100644
--- a/lib/phlex/reactive/streamable.rb
+++ b/lib/phlex/reactive/streamable.rb
@@ -33,9 +33,12 @@ module Streamable
       # up without ever sharing a mutable context across threads.
       ThreadViewContext = Struct.new(:view_context, :builder, :renderer, :generation)
 
-      # Focus ops are actor-only (they steal focus): a js broadcast rejects a
-      # broadcast that carries one. Names mirror Phlex::Reactive::JS's focus verbs.
-      BROADCAST_REFUSED_OPS = %w[focus focus_first].freeze
+      # Actor-only ops: a js broadcast rejects a broadcast that carries one.
+      # Focus ops steal focus in every subscriber's tab (issue #96); submit
+      # (issue #226) would force-submit every subscriber's form. Both belong to
+      # the actor's own reply (reply.js) or gesture (on_client / a reducer's
+      # $ops), never a broadcast. Names mirror Phlex::Reactive::JS's verbs.
+      BROADCAST_REFUSED_OPS = %w[focus focus_first submit].freeze
 
       # The broadcast_to verb kwargs (issue #185) → their Turbo stream action.
       # SELF-TARGETING verbs derive the target from the component's #id (require a
@@ -516,16 +519,18 @@ def coerce_broadcast_payload(payload)
         # instrumentation + pgbus-threading path for the class-level and module-level
         # broadcast_to, so the transport logic has exactly one spelling.)
 
-        # Validate + serialize broadcast ops: reject focus-class ops (they steal
-        # focus in every tab) and an empty chain (a dead broadcast), then return
-        # the JSON wire form. Works on a JS chain (inspect .ops) and a raw array.
+        # Validate + serialize broadcast ops: reject actor-only ops (focus steals
+        # focus in every tab; submit force-submits every subscriber's form) and an
+        # empty chain (a dead broadcast), then return the JSON wire form. Works on
+        # a JS chain (inspect .ops) and a raw array.
         def broadcast_js_ops_json(ops)
           pairs = ops.is_a?(Phlex::Reactive::JS) ? ops.ops : Array(ops)
           refused = pairs.map { |name, _| name.to_s } & Phlex::Reactive::Streamable::BROADCAST_REFUSED_OPS
           unless refused.empty?
             raise ArgumentError,
-              "broadcast_js_to refuses focus op(s) #{refused.join(", ")} — broadcasting focus " \
-              "steals it in every subscriber's tab. Focus is an actor-reply concern (reply.js)."
+              "broadcast_to(js:) refuses actor-only op(s) #{refused.join(", ")} — broadcasting focus " \
+              "steals it in every subscriber's tab; broadcasting submit force-submits every " \
+              "subscriber's form. These are actor concerns (reply.js / on_client / $ops)."
           end
 
           Phlex::Reactive::Response.js_ops_json(ops)
diff --git a/spec/dummy/app/components/autosubmit_filter_component.rb b/spec/dummy/app/components/autosubmit_filter_component.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fcdf8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/dummy/app/components/autosubmit_filter_component.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Issue #226: the GENERAL autosubmit story — a plain GET filter form whose
+# select submits it on change via the client-side submit op:
+#
+#   select(**on_client(:change, js.submit("form")))
+#
+# No bespoke Stimulus controller, no reactive action, no token — the ONE line
+# replaces the classic onchange="this.form.requestSubmit()". requestSubmit
+# fires a real submit event, so Turbo Drive turns it into a visit (the page
+# updates without a full reload — the system spec's window marker survives).
+class AutosubmitFilterComponent < ApplicationComponent
+  include Phlex::Reactive::Component
+
+  def initialize(sort: "name")
+    @sort = sort
+  end
+
+  def id = "autosubmit-filter"
+
+  def view_template
+    div(id:, **reactive_attrs) do
+      form(action: "/autosubmit_filter", method: "get", data: { testid: "filter-form" }) do
+        select(name: "sort", **mix(on_client(:change, js.submit("form")), data: { testid: "sort" })) do
+          option(value: "name", selected: @sort == "name") { "Name" }
+          option(value: "price", selected: @sort == "price") { "Price" }
+        end
+      end
+      p(data: { testid: "sorted-by" }) { "Sorted by: #{@sort}" }
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/dummy/app/components/code_complete_component.rb b/spec/dummy/app/components/code_complete_component.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a842bbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/dummy/app/components/code_complete_component.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Issue #226: the DECLARATIVE completion binding — reactive_on_complete with
+# ZERO JavaScript (no reducer, no custom controller). The Ruby declaration
+# compiles the length: condition through the ShowConditions language; the
+# generic client evaluates it on every input and, on the rising edge, runs the
+# declared op — here a dispatch the root's own on(:verify, event:
+# "code:complete") binding turns into a signed action POST. Typing a 7th
+# character makes the condition FALSE (len_eq 6) — re-arming the latch — so
+# completion fires exactly at six characters, every time it becomes six.
+class CodeCompleteComponent < ApplicationComponent
+  include Phlex::Reactive::Streamable
+  include Phlex::Reactive::Component
+
+  reactive_state :code
+  action :verify, params: { code: :string }
+
+  reactive_on_complete if: { code: { length: 6 } }, run: js.dispatch("code:complete")
+
+  def initialize(code: "")
+    @code = code
+  end
+
+  def id = "code-complete"
+
+  def verify(code:)
+    @code = code
+  end
+
+  def view_template
+    div(**mix(reactive_root, on(:verify, event: "code:complete"))) do
+      input(name: "code", value: @code, data: { testid: "code" })
+      p(data: { testid: "status" }) { @code.empty? ? "waiting" : "verified:#{@code}" }
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/dummy/app/components/split_code_component.rb b/spec/dummy/app/components/split_code_component.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2691b44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/dummy/app/components/split_code_component.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Issue #226: the MULTI-BOX code entry — six single-character inputs behind one
+# "split_code" reducer (see public/vendor/split_code_reducer.js). The reducer
+# joins the boxes on every input, redistributes one digit per box (a paste into
+# any box fans out across all six), mirrors the joined code into the hidden
+# `code` field, advances focus to the first empty box via a per-digit $ops
+# focus (the content-keyed latch fires each DIFFERENT target), and submits on
+# completion — the same on(:verify, event: "submit") interception as the
+# single-input VerificationCodeComponent.
+class SplitCodeComponent < ApplicationComponent
+  include Phlex::Reactive::Streamable
+  include Phlex::Reactive::Component
+
+  BOXES = %i[d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6].freeze
+
+  reactive_state :code
+  action :verify, params: { code: :string }
+
+  # No maxlength on the boxes: it would truncate a paste before the reducer
+  # could redistribute it. The reducer caps at one digit per box instead.
+  reactive_compute :split_code,
+    inputs: BOXES.to_h { [it, :string] },
+    outputs: BOXES + [:code]
+
+  def initialize(code: "")
+    @code = code
+  end
+
+  def id = "split-code"
+
+  def verify(code:)
+    @code = code
+  end
+
+  def view_template
+    form(action: "/nav_probe", method: "post",
+      **mix(reactive_root(compute: :split_code), on(:verify, event: "submit"))) do
+      BOXES.each_with_index do |name, i|
+        input(name:, value: @code[i].to_s, inputmode: "numeric", size: 2,
+          data: { testid: name })
+      end
+      input(type: "hidden", name: "code", value: @code)
+      button(type: "submit", data: { testid: "verify" }) { "Verify" }
+      p(data: { testid: "status" }) { @code.empty? ? "waiting" : "verified:#{@code}" }
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/dummy/app/components/verification_code_component.rb b/spec/dummy/app/components/verification_code_component.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba7dafe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/dummy/app/components/verification_code_component.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Issue #226: the $ops flagship — a one-time-code field that is a
+# reactive_field + a reducer and NOTHING else. The "otp" reducer (see
+# public/vendor/otp_reducer.js) normalizes on every input (strip non-digits,
+# cap at 6) and, once complete, returns `$ops: ops.submit()`. The component
+# root IS the form, so the submit op requestSubmits it directly; the real
+# submit event fires and on(:verify, event: "submit") intercepts it into ONE
+# signed action POST. The explicit action to the nav-probe page proves
+# interception — a native (un-prevented) submit would navigate away.
+class VerificationCodeComponent < ApplicationComponent
+  include Phlex::Reactive::Streamable
+  include Phlex::Reactive::Component
+
+  reactive_state :code
+  action :verify, params: { code: :string }
+
+  reactive_compute :otp, inputs: { code: :string }, outputs: %i[code]
+
+  def initialize(code: "")
+    @code = code
+  end
+
+  def id = "verification-code"
+
+  def verify(code:)
+    @code = code
+  end
+
+  def view_template
+    form(action: "/nav_probe", method: "post",
+      **mix(reactive_root(compute: :otp), on(:verify, event: "submit"))) do
+      input(name: "code", value: @code, inputmode: "numeric",
+        autocomplete: "one-time-code", data: { testid: "code" })
+      button(type: "submit", data: { testid: "verify" }) { "Verify" }
+      p(data: { testid: "status" }) { @code.empty? ? "waiting" : "verified:#{@code}" }
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/dummy/app/controllers/demos_controller.rb b/spec/dummy/app/controllers/demos_controller.rb
index 08503bc..fed26e4 100644
--- a/spec/dummy/app/controllers/demos_controller.rb
+++ b/spec/dummy/app/controllers/demos_controller.rb
@@ -314,6 +314,38 @@ def client_tabs
     render html: component + extras.html_safe, layout: true
   end
 
+  # Issue #226: the $ops flagship — a one-time-code field whose reducer
+  # normalizes on input and auto-commits (submit → intercepted signed action)
+  # exactly once when the value first becomes complete.
+  def verification
+    component = render_to_string(VerificationCodeComponent.new, layout: false)
+    render html: component, layout: true
+  end
+
+  # Issue #226: the multi-box code entry — one reducer joins six boxes,
+  # redistributes pastes, advances focus per digit, submits on completion.
+  def split_code
+    component = render_to_string(SplitCodeComponent.new, layout: false)
+    render html: component, layout: true
+  end
+
+  # Issue #226: the declarative completion binding — reactive_on_complete with
+  # zero JavaScript (no reducer; the Ruby length: condition drives the ops).
+  def code_complete
+    component = render_to_string(CodeCompleteComponent.new, layout: false)
+    render html: component, layout: true
+  end
+
+  # Issue #226: the general autosubmit story — a plain GET filter form whose
+  # select submits it on change via on_client(:change, js.submit("form")).
+  # Turbo Drive turns the requestSubmit into a visit (no full reload).
+  def autosubmit_filter
+    component = render_to_string(
+      AutosubmitFilterComponent.new(sort: params.fetch(:sort, "name")), layout: false
+    )
+    render html: component, layout: true
+  end
+
   # Value-conditional visibility (issue #161): reactive_show bindings driven by
   # a select, a checkbox, and a radio group — all client-only. The spec's fetch
   # spy proves no round trip ever fires. The badge lives OUTSIDE the component's
diff --git a/spec/dummy/app/views/layouts/application.html.erb b/spec/dummy/app/views/layouts/application.html.erb
index d917101..c47f9b6 100644
--- a/spec/dummy/app/views/layouts/application.html.erb
+++ b/spec/dummy/app/views/layouts/application.html.erb
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@
           "payment_split_reducer": "/vendor/payment_split_reducer.js",
           "post_preview_reducer": "/vendor/post_preview_reducer.js",
           "compute_seed_reducer": "/vendor/compute_seed_reducer.js",
+          "otp_reducer": "/vendor/otp_reducer.js",
+          "split_code_reducer": "/vendor/split_code_reducer.js",
           "confirm_predicate_registration": "/vendor/confirm_predicate_registration.js"<% if ENV["TRANSPORT"] == "pgbus" %>,
           <%# Issue #187: pgbus's turbo_stream_from injects `import
               "pgbus/stream_source_element"`; pin it to the vendored engine asset
@@ -48,6 +50,8 @@
       import { registerPaymentSplit } from "payment_split_reducer"
       import { registerPostPreview } from "post_preview_reducer"
       import { registerComputeSeed } from "compute_seed_reducer"
+      import { registerOtp } from "otp_reducer"
+      import { registerSplitCode } from "split_code_reducer"
       import { registerConfirmPredicates } from "confirm_predicate_registration"
 
       const application = Application.start()
@@ -61,6 +65,8 @@
       registerPaymentSplit()
       registerPostPreview()
       registerComputeSeed()
+      registerOtp() // issue #226: the $ops auto-commit flagship
+      registerSplitCode() // issue #226: the multi-box variant
       registerConfirmPredicates()
     </script>
   </head>
diff --git a/spec/dummy/config/routes.rb b/spec/dummy/config/routes.rb
index a6622ec..26ac8f4 100644
--- a/spec/dummy/config/routes.rb
+++ b/spec/dummy/config/routes.rb
@@ -42,6 +42,12 @@
   get "draft_order_confirm_interpolate" => "demos#draft_order_confirm_interpolate"
   get "post_preview/:id" => "demos#post_preview"
   get "compute_seed" => "demos#compute_seed"
+  # Issue #226: the $ops flagship — normalize on input, auto-commit when complete.
+  get "verification" => "demos#verification"
+  # Issue #226: the multi-box variant — paste redistribution + focus advance.
+  get "split_code" => "demos#split_code"
+  # Issue #226: the declarative twin — reactive_on_complete, zero JavaScript.
+  get "code_complete" => "demos#code_complete"
   get "notifications" => "demos#notifications"
   get "reactive_rows" => "demos#reactive_rows"
   get "rich_editor/:id" => "demos#rich_editor"
@@ -52,6 +58,8 @@
   get "debounce" => "demos#debounce"
   get "dropdown" => "demos#dropdown"
   get "client_tabs" => "demos#client_tabs"
+  # Issue #226: the general autosubmit story — on_client(:change, js.submit).
+  get "autosubmit_filter" => "demos#autosubmit_filter"
   get "conditional_fieldset" => "demos#conditional_fieldset"
   get "confirm" => "demos#confirm"
   get "client_op_confirm" => "demos#client_op_confirm"
diff --git a/spec/dummy/public/vendor/compute.js b/spec/dummy/public/vendor/compute.js
index 6230e12..47ec682 100644
--- a/spec/dummy/public/vendor/compute.js
+++ b/spec/dummy/public/vendor/compute.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-var j=new Map;function q(b,p){j.set(b,p)}function v(b){return j.get(b)}function w(){j.clear()}export{q as setComputeReducer,v as computeReducer,w as __resetComputeRegistryForTest};
+var F=new Map;function M(j,q){F.set(j,q)}function P(j){return F.get(j)}function Q(){F.clear()}var J="@root";function x(j,{global:q,transition:w}={}){let B={to:j??J};if(q)B.global=!0;if(w)B.transition=K(w);return B}function K(j){if(!(j&&typeof j==="object"&&!Array.isArray(j)&&["during","from","to"].every((w)=>(w in j))))throw Error("[phlex-reactive] ops transition takes named legs { during, from, to }");return Object.freeze([String(j.during),String(j.from),String(j.to)])}class G{constructor(j=Object.freeze([])){this.ops=j,Object.freeze(this)}show(j,q){return this.#j("show",x(j,q))}hide(j,q){return this.#j("hide",x(j,q))}toggle(j,q){return this.#j("toggle",x(j,q))}add_class(j,q,w){return this.#j("add_class",D(j,q,w))}remove_class(j,q,w){return this.#j("remove_class",D(j,q,w))}toggle_class(j,q,w){return this.#j("toggle_class",D(j,q,w))}set_attr(j,q,w,B){return this.#j("set_attr",{...x(j,B),name:String(q),value:String(w)})}remove_attr(j,q,w){return this.#j("remove_attr",{...x(j,w),name:String(q)})}toggle_attr(j,q,w){return this.#j("toggle_attr",{...x(j,w),name:String(q)})}focus(j,q){return this.#j("focus",x(j,q))}focus_first(j,q){return this.#j("focus_first",x(j,q))}text(j,q,w){return this.#j("text",{...x(j,w),value:String(q??"")})}dispatch(j,{to:q,detail:w,global:B}={}){let H={name:String(j),to:q??J,detail:w??{}};if(B)H.global=!0;return this.#j("dispatch",H)}submit(j,q){return this.#j("submit",x(j,q))}toJSON(){return this.ops}#j(j,q){return new G(Object.freeze([...this.ops,Object.freeze([j,Object.freeze(q)])]))}}function D(j,q,w){let B=q==null?[]:(Array.isArray(q)?q:[q]).map(String);if(B.length===0)throw Error("[phlex-reactive] a class op needs at least one class");return{...x(j,w),classes:Object.freeze(B)}}var U=new G;export{M as setComputeReducer,U as ops,P as computeReducer,Q as __resetComputeRegistryForTest};
 
-//# debugId=5EACBA6D0928063864756E2164756E21
+//# debugId=3CB48262B60C70DD64756E2164756E21
 //# sourceMappingURL=compute.min.js.map
diff --git a/spec/dummy/public/vendor/otp_reducer.js b/spec/dummy/public/vendor/otp_reducer.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..297bb36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/dummy/public/vendor/otp_reducer.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// The JS twin for the issue #226 $ops flagship — a one-time-code field that
+// normalizes on every input (strip non-digits, cap at 6) and, once complete,
+// emits the reserved $ops output to submit its own form. The component root IS
+// the form, so ops.submit() (default target @root) requestSubmits it directly;
+// the real submit event fires and on(:verify, event: "submit") intercepts it
+// into ONE signed action POST. Rising-edge: a 7th keystroke (capped back to
+// the same complete value) never re-fires; going incomplete re-arms.
+import { setComputeReducer, ops } from "phlex/reactive/compute"
+
+export function registerOtp() {
+  setComputeReducer("otp", ({ code }) => {
+    const digits = code.replace(/\D/g, "").slice(0, 6)
+    return { code: digits, $ops: digits.length === 6 ? ops.submit() : null }
+  })
+}
diff --git a/spec/dummy/public/vendor/reactive_controller.js b/spec/dummy/public/vendor/reactive_controller.js
index 69d0e8b..e8a6200 100644
--- a/spec/dummy/public/vendor/reactive_controller.js
+++ b/spec/dummy/public/vendor/reactive_controller.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{Controller as WX}from"@hotwired/stimulus";import{confirmResolver as R}from"phlex/reactive/confirm";import{computeReducer as JX}from"phlex/reactive/compute";import{confirmPredicate as LX}from"phlex/reactive/confirm_predicate";function VX(){let X=window.Turbo?.StreamActions;if(!X||X["reactive:visit"])return;X["reactive:visit"]=function(){let Z=this.getAttribute("data-url");if(Z)window.Turbo.visit(Z,{action:"advance"})}}function BX(){let X=window.Turbo?.StreamActions;if(!X||X["reactive:token"])return;X["reactive:token"]=function(){let Z=this.getAttribute("data-reactive-token-value"),$=this.getAttribute("target");if(!Z||!$)return;let Q=document.getElementById($);if(Q)Q.setAttribute("data-reactive-token-value",Z)}}function _X(){let X=window.Turbo?.StreamActions;if(!X||X["reactive:js"])return;X["reactive:js"]=function(){let Z=HX(this.getAttribute("data-reactive-ops"));if(!Z.length)return;let $=this.getAttribute("target"),Q=$?document.getElementById($):null;if($&&!Q)return;UX(Z,(j)=>ZZ(j,Q))}}var _=new Map;function s(X,Z){let $=!_.has(X);if(_.set(X,Z),$)QX()}function N(X){if(_.delete(X))jX()}function GZ(){_.clear(),S=!1}function qZ(X){return _.get(X)?.via}var S=!1;function AX(){let X=window.Turbo?.StreamActions;if(!X||X["reactive:defer"])return;if(X["reactive:defer"]=function(){let Z=this.getAttribute("target");if(!Z)return;if(this.getAttribute("data-reactive-defer-via")==="stream"){OX(Z,this);return}let $=this.getAttribute("data-reactive-defer-token");if(!$)return;C(Z,$)},!S&&typeof document<"u"&&document.addEventListener)S=!0,document.addEventListener("turbo:before-stream-render",MX)}function MX(X){let $=X.target?.getAttribute?.("target");if(!$)return;let Q=$.startsWith("reactive-defer-src-")?$.slice(19):$;if(_.get(Q)?.via==="stream")N(Q)}function C(X,Z){let $=document.getElementById(X);if(!$){console.warn(`[phlex-reactive] reactive:defer target #${X} is not on the page — 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"))}#DX(X){return[...this.element.querySelectorAll?.("[data-reactive-busy-on]")??[]].filter(($)=>$.getAttribute("data-reactive-busy-on")===X&&this.#$($))}#TZ(X,Z){let $=this.#P.get(X);if(!$)return;if(--$.count>0)return;if(this.#P.delete(X),!X.isConnected)return;if(Z.disable)X.disabled=$.disabled;if($.hadText&&X.innerHTML===$.swappedTo)X.innerHTML=$.html}#EZ(X){if(!X||typeof X!=="object")return null;let{class:Z,...$}=X;return Z==null?X:{...$,add_class:Z}}#kZ(){return this.#RX??=document.querySelector('meta[name="phlex-reactive-action-path"]')?.content||"/reactive/actions"}#SZ(){if(this.#E!=null)return this.#E;let X=document.querySelector('meta[name="phlex-reactive-timeout"]')?.content,Z=Number(X);return this.#E=Number.isFinite(Z)&&Z>0?Z:30000}#bZ(){return document.querySelector('meta[name="csrf-token"]')?.content??""}#wZ(){return document.querySelector("pgbus-stream-source[connection-id]")?.getAttribute("connection-id")||document.querySelector('meta[name="pgbus-connection-id"]')?.content||null}}export{UZ as resetReactiveDefers,MZ as resetReactiveActivity,VX as registerReactiveVisit,BX as registerReactiveToken,fX as registerReactiveOffline,_X as registerReactiveJs,IX as registerReactiveEffects,RX as registerReactiveDismiss,MX as registerReactiveDefer,l as registerReactiveActions,_Z as reactiveActivityCount,WZ as pendingDeferVia,zX as exitReactiveActivity,gX as escapeRegExp,jX as enterReactiveActivity,pX as enableLatencySim,uX as disableLatencySim,PZ as default,cX as checkReactiveRegistration,AZ as __resetReactiveRegistrationForTest,VZ as __resetReactiveOfflineForTest,BZ as __resetReactiveLatencyForTest,LZ as __resetReactiveEffectsForTest,JZ as __resetReactiveDismissForTest,xZ as __markReactiveConnectedForTest,m as LATENCY_KEY,QX as ACTIVE_ATTR};
 
-//# debugId=3D36FCC8A2F9938464756E2164756E21
+//# debugId=B44B95BDB680993364756E2164756E21
 //# sourceMappingURL=reactive_controller.min.js.map
diff --git a/spec/dummy/public/vendor/split_code_reducer.js b/spec/dummy/public/vendor/split_code_reducer.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f5ee61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/dummy/public/vendor/split_code_reducer.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// The JS twin for the issue #226 MULTI-BOX code entry — six single-character
+// boxes behind ONE reducer. Every pass rebuilds the whole code by joining the
+// boxes in order (so a paste into ANY box redistributes one digit per box),
+// mirrors it into the hidden `code` field (what the intercepted submit
+// carries), and emits $ops:
+//
+//   * incomplete after a user edit → focus the first EMPTY box. The $ops latch
+//     is keyed on chain CONTENT, so each digit's DIFFERENT focus target fires
+//     while an unchanged chain stays settled.
+//   * complete → ops.submit() — the same rising-edge auto-commit as the
+//     single-input flagship (otp_reducer.js).
+import { setComputeReducer, ops } from "phlex/reactive/compute"
+
+const BOXES = ["d1", "d2", "d3", "d4", "d5", "d6"]
+
+export function registerSplitCode() {
+  setComputeReducer("split_code", (boxes, { changed }) => {
+    const digits = BOXES.map((n) => boxes[n]).join("").replace(/\D/g, "").slice(0, 6)
+    const out = { code: digits }
+    BOXES.forEach((name, i) => (out[name] = digits[i] ?? ""))
+    const complete = digits.length === 6
+    const advance = changed && digits.length > 0 ? ops.focus(`[name=d${digits.length + 1}]`) : null
+    return { ...out, $ops: complete ? ops.submit() : advance }
+  })
+}
diff --git a/spec/fixtures/show_predicate_vectors.json b/spec/fixtures/show_predicate_vectors.json
index f915d0b..4a357b0 100644
--- a/spec/fixtures/show_predicate_vectors.json
+++ b/spec/fixtures/show_predicate_vectors.json
@@ -225,6 +225,60 @@
       "groups": [[{ "field": "a", "not": "1" }], [{ "field": "b", "not": "2" }]],
       "values": { "a": "1", "b": "9" },
       "expect": true
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "len_eq match (issue #226 length predicate)",
+      "groups": [[{ "field": "code", "len_eq": 6 }]],
+      "values": { "code": "123456" },
+      "expect": true
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "len_eq miss (too short)",
+      "groups": [[{ "field": "code", "len_eq": 6 }]],
+      "values": { "code": "12345" },
+      "expect": false
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "len_eq counts CODEPOINTS, not UTF-16 units (multibyte parity)",
+      "groups": [[{ "field": "note", "len_eq": 2 }]],
+      "values": { "note": "😀🎈" },
+      "expect": true
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "absent field has length 0 (len_eq 0 matches blank)",
+      "groups": [[{ "field": "code", "len_eq": 0 }]],
+      "values": {},
+      "expect": true
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "len_gte boundary match",
+      "groups": [[{ "field": "title", "len_gte": 3 }]],
+      "values": { "title": "abc" },
+      "expect": true
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "len_gte miss",
+      "groups": [[{ "field": "title", "len_gte": 3 }]],
+      "values": { "title": "ab" },
+      "expect": false
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "bounded length range ANDs len_gte and len_lte in one group",
+      "groups": [[{ "field": "title", "len_gte": 2 }, { "field": "title", "len_lte": 4 }]],
+      "values": { "title": "abc" },
+      "expect": true
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "unless length complement — outside on the long side matches",
+      "groups": [[{ "field": "code", "len_lt": 6 }], [{ "field": "code", "len_gt": 6 }]],
+      "values": { "code": "1234567" },
+      "expect": true
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "unless length complement — exactly the length stays unmatched",
+      "groups": [[{ "field": "code", "len_lt": 6 }], [{ "field": "code", "len_gt": 6 }]],
+      "values": { "code": "123456" },
+      "expect": false
     }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/spec/javascript/reactive_compute_ops.test.js b/spec/javascript/reactive_compute_ops.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b73710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/javascript/reactive_compute_ops.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+// Unit tests for the issue #226 reserved reducer output `$ops` and the client
+// `ops` builder exported from phlex/reactive/compute.
+//
+// A reducer may return the reserved key `$ops` holding an op chain (the `ops`
+// builder or a raw [[name, args], ...] array). The controller consumes it as a
+// PHASE 4 of the #183 single-pass write set — after the field writes, text
+// sinks, and phase-3 input dispatches settle — through the same frozen
+// CLIENT_OPS whitelist runOps uses. RISING-EDGE semantics: the chain runs only
+// on the transition from "absent/null last pass" to "present this pass", and
+// only on EVENT-DRIVEN passes — the connect/morph seed pass (no event) ARMS
+// but never fires (that is what breaks the submit → error re-render → re-seed
+// → submit loop). A later pass returning no $ops re-arms.
+//
+// Run with: bun test spec/javascript
+import { test, expect, mock, beforeAll, beforeEach } from "bun:test"
+
+let ReactiveController
+let computeModule
+
+beforeAll(async () => {
+  mock.module("@hotwired/stimulus", () => ({
+    Controller: class {
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+  }))
+  ReactiveController = (await import("../../app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.js")).default
+  computeModule = await import("../../app/javascript/phlex/reactive/compute.js")
+})
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  computeModule.__resetComputeRegistryForTest()
+})
+
+// Same fake control as reactive_compute.test.js: programmatic .value writes
+// coerce to String and fire NOTHING; dispatchEvent runs registered listeners.
+function makeField(name, value) {
+  const listeners = []
+  return {
+    name,
+    tagName: "INPUT",
+    _root: null,
+    _value: String(value),
+    get value() {
+      return this._value
+    },
+    set value(v) {
+      this._value = String(v)
+    },
+    closest() {
+      return this._root
+    },
+    addEventListener: (type, fn) => type === "input" && listeners.push(fn),
+    dispatchEvent(event) {
+      Object.defineProperty(event, "target", { value: this, configurable: true })
+      if (event.type === "input") listeners.slice().forEach((fn) => fn(event))
+      return true
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+// A compute root that ALSO records dispatched events (for the dispatch op) and
+// resolves closest("form") to an optional surrounding form (for the submit op).
+function makeRoot({ reducer, inputs, outputs, fields, form = null }) {
+  const attrs = {
+    "data-reactive-compute-reducer-param": reducer,
+    "data-reactive-compute-inputs-param": JSON.stringify(inputs),
+    "data-reactive-compute-outputs-param": JSON.stringify(outputs),
+  }
+  const root = {
+    id: "otp",
+    dispatched: [],
+    getAttribute: (k) => attrs[k] ?? null,
+    querySelectorAll: (sel) => {
+      const m = sel.match(/\[name="(.+?)"\]/)
+      if (!m) return []
+      const f = fields[m[1]]
+      return f ? [f] : []
+    },
+    closest: (sel) => (sel === "form" ? form : null),
+    dispatchEvent(event) {
+      root.dispatched.push(event)
+      return true
+    },
+  }
+  for (const f of Object.values(fields)) f._root = root
+  return root
+}
+
+function makeForm() {
+  return {
+    tagName: "FORM",
+    submitted: 0,
+    requestSubmit() {
+      this.submitted += 1
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+// No CustomEvent stub: bun's native CustomEvent carries type/detail, which is
+// all these tests read — and a bare recorder class left on globalThis would
+// break every later file whose events need cancelable/preventDefault (bun runs
+// the whole suite in ONE process; the CI-order lifecycle failure proved it).
+function buildController(root) {
+  const controller = new ReactiveController()
+  controller.element = root
+  globalThis.window ??= {}
+  return controller
+}
+
+function captureWarnings(fn) {
+  const warns = []
+  const original = console.warn
+  console.warn = (...args) => warns.push(args.join(" "))
+  try {
+    fn()
+  } finally {
+    console.warn = original
+  }
+  return warns
+}
+
+// --- the ops builder ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+test("ops is an immutable chain: every verb returns a NEW instance", () => {
+  const { ops } = computeModule
+  const chained = ops.submit()
+
+  expect(chained).not.toBe(ops)
+  expect(ops.ops.length).toBe(0) // the shared starting point is untouched
+  expect(chained.ops.length).toBe(1)
+})
+
+test("ops payloads are frozen ALL the way down (nested classes/transition arrays)", () => {
+  const { ops } = computeModule
+  const chain = ops
+    .add_class(".x", ["a", "b"])
+    .show("#y", { transition: { during: "t", from: "f", to: "to" } })
+
+  expect(Object.isFrozen(chain.ops)).toBe(true)
+  expect(Object.isFrozen(chain.ops[0])).toBe(true)
+  expect(Object.isFrozen(chain.ops[0][1])).toBe(true)
+  expect(Object.isFrozen(chain.ops[0][1].classes)).toBe(true)
+  expect(Object.isFrozen(chain.ops[1][1].transition)).toBe(true)
+  // A chain held in a constant can never be mutated by later use.
+  expect(() => chain.ops[0][1].classes.push("evil")).toThrow()
+})
+
+test("ops verbs mirror the Ruby wire: dispatch defaults + submit default root", () => {
+  const { ops } = computeModule
+  const chain = ops.dispatch("code:complete", { detail: { digits: 6 } }).submit()
+
+  expect(chain.ops).toEqual([
+    ["dispatch", { name: "code:complete", to: "@root", detail: { digits: 6 } }],
+    ["submit", { to: "@root" }],
+  ])
+})
+
+test("ops covers the visibility/class/attr/text/focus vocabulary", () => {
+  const { ops } = computeModule
+  const chain = ops
+    .show("#done")
+    .hide("#hint", { global: true })
+    .add_class(".status", "ok")
+    .set_attr("#code", "aria-invalid", false)
+    .text("#count", 6)
+    .focus("#next")
+
+  expect(chain.ops).toEqual([
+    ["show", { to: "#done" }],
+    ["hide", { to: "#hint", global: true }],
+    ["add_class", { to: ".status", classes: ["ok"] }],
+    ["set_attr", { to: "#code", name: "aria-invalid", value: "false" }],
+    ["text", { to: "#count", value: "6" }],
+    ["focus", { to: "#next" }],
+  ])
+})
+
+test("ops serializes as the raw op list (toJSON), matching the wire format", () => {
+  const { ops } = computeModule
+  expect(JSON.stringify(ops.submit())).toBe('[["submit",{"to":"@root"}]]')
+})
+
+// --- $ops: rising edge, event-gated ------------------------------------------
+
+function otpController({ complete, form = null, chain = null }) {
+  const fields = { code: makeField("code", "") }
+  computeModule.setComputeReducer("otp", ({ code }) => {
+    const digits = code.replace(/\D/g, "").slice(0, 6)
+    return {
+      code: digits,
+      $ops: complete(digits) ? (chain ?? computeModule.ops.dispatch("code:complete")) : null,
+    }
+  })
+  const root = makeRoot({
+    reducer: "otp",
+    inputs: { code: "string" },
+    outputs: ["code"],
+    fields,
+    form,
+  })
+  return { controller: buildController(root), fields, root }
+}
+
+const sixDigits = (digits) => digits.length === 6
+
+test("$ops fires on the rising edge of an event-driven pass", () => {
+  const { controller, fields, root } = otpController({ complete: sixDigits })
+
+  fields.code.value = "123-456"
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+
+  expect(fields.code.value).toBe("123456") // the write set still applied
+  expect(root.dispatched.map((e) => e.type)).toEqual(["code:complete"])
+})
+
+test("$ops does NOT re-fire while the condition holds (no per-keystroke storm)", () => {
+  const { controller, fields, root } = otpController({ complete: sixDigits })
+
+  fields.code.value = "123456"
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+  fields.code.value = "1234567" // capped back to 6 by the reducer — still complete
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(1)
+})
+
+test("a CHANGED $ops chain fires again — per-keystroke focus advance works", () => {
+  // The multi-box OTP shape: each digit emits a DIFFERENT focus target. The
+  // latch is keyed on chain CONTENT, so a new target is a new intent and
+  // fires, while an identical chain (the submit case above) stays settled.
+  const fields = { code: makeField("code", "") }
+  computeModule.setComputeReducer("otp", ({ code }) => ({
+    code,
+    $ops: code.length > 0 ? [["dispatch", { name: `focus:d${code.length + 1}` }]] : null,
+  }))
+  const root = makeRoot({ reducer: "otp", inputs: { code: "string" }, outputs: ["code"], fields })
+  const controller = buildController(root)
+
+  fields.code.value = "1"
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+  fields.code.value = "12"
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+  fields.code.value = "12" // unchanged pass — same chain, no re-fire
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+
+  expect(root.dispatched.map((e) => e.type)).toEqual(["focus:d2", "focus:d3"])
+})
+
+test("$ops re-arms when a pass returns no ops, then fires again", () => {
+  const { controller, fields, root } = otpController({ complete: sixDigits })
+
+  fields.code.value = "123456"
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+  fields.code.value = "12345" // incomplete — re-arms
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+  fields.code.value = "123456"
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(2)
+})
+
+test("a seed pass (no event) ARMS but never fires — and stays armed", () => {
+  const { controller, fields, root } = otpController({ complete: sixDigits })
+
+  fields.code.value = "123456" // restored/prefilled complete value
+  controller.recompute() // the #199 connect/morph seed — no event
+
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(0)
+
+  // A later event-driven pass with the condition STILL true must not fire
+  // either — no rising edge happened.
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(0)
+
+  // Only after the condition breaks and returns does it fire.
+  fields.code.value = "12345"
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+  fields.code.value = "123456"
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(1)
+})
+
+// --- $ops: accepted shapes + isolation from the write set --------------------
+
+test("$ops accepts a raw [[name, args]] array and defaults a missing to: to the root", () => {
+  const form = makeForm()
+  const { controller, fields } = otpController({
+    complete: sixDigits,
+    form,
+    chain: [["submit", {}]], // raw array, no to: — resolves to @root → closest form
+  })
+
+  fields.code.value = "987654"
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+
+  expect(form.submitted).toBe(1)
+})
+
+test("$ops is consumed — never written as a field even when declared in outputs:", () => {
+  const fields = { code: makeField("code", ""), $ops: makeField("$ops", "untouched") }
+  computeModule.setComputeReducer("otp", () => ({ code: "123456", $ops: [["dispatch", { name: "x" }]] }))
+  const root = makeRoot({
+    reducer: "otp",
+    inputs: { code: "string" },
+    outputs: ["code", "$ops"], // hostile/buggy declaration
+    fields,
+  })
+  const controller = buildController(root)
+
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+
+  expect(fields.$ops.value).toBe("untouched")
+  expect(fields.code.value).toBe("123456")
+})
+
+test("an unknown op inside $ops warn-skips while siblings still apply", () => {
+  const form = makeForm()
+  const { controller, fields, root } = otpController({
+    complete: sixDigits,
+    form,
+    chain: [
+      ["evil_op", { to: "@root" }],
+      ["submit", {}],
+    ],
+  })
+
+  fields.code.value = "123456"
+  const warns = captureWarnings(() => controller.recompute({ target: fields.code }))
+
+  expect(warns.some((w) => w.includes("unknown client op"))).toBe(true)
+  expect(form.submitted).toBe(1)
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(0)
+})
+
+test("a non-chain, non-array $ops value warns and is skipped (default-deny)", () => {
+  const { controller, fields, root } = otpController({ complete: sixDigits, chain: "submit" })
+
+  fields.code.value = "123456"
+  const warns = captureWarnings(() => controller.recompute({ target: fields.code }))
+
+  expect(warns.some((w) => w.includes("$ops"))).toBe(true)
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(0)
+})
+
+// --- $ops ordering: after the write set settles -------------------------------
+
+test("$ops runs AFTER the phase-3 input dispatches (chained listeners see settled values)", () => {
+  const order = []
+  const fields = { code: makeField("code", "12345"), echo: makeField("echo", "") }
+  fields.echo.addEventListener("input", () => order.push("chained-input"))
+  computeModule.setComputeReducer("otp", ({ code }) => ({
+    echo: code,
+    $ops: code.length === 6 ? [["dispatch", { name: "done" }]] : null,
+  }))
+  const root = makeRoot({
+    reducer: "otp",
+    inputs: { code: "string" },
+    outputs: ["echo"],
+    fields,
+  })
+  const realDispatch = root.dispatchEvent
+  root.dispatchEvent = (event) => {
+    order.push("ops")
+    return realDispatch(event)
+  }
+  const controller = buildController(root)
+
+  fields.code.value = "123456"
+  controller.recompute({ target: fields.code })
+
+  expect(order).toEqual(["chained-input", "ops"])
+})
diff --git a/spec/javascript/reactive_on_complete.test.js b/spec/javascript/reactive_on_complete.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cc77ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/javascript/reactive_on_complete.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+// Unit tests for reactive_on_complete (issue #226) — the DECLARATIVE
+// completion binding. The root carries data-reactive-on-complete: a JSON array
+// of { any: DNF groups, ops: [[op, args], …] } bindings. connect() gates on
+// the attr, installs ONE delegated input/change listener, evaluates each
+// binding's conditions over the owned fields (the same scope-aware resolver
+// and DNF fold the show sync uses), and runs its ops on the RISING EDGE —
+// event-driven flip to true. The connect/morph pass ARMS without firing (a
+// fresh render with already-satisfied conditions must never self-fire — the
+// $ops seed precedent); going false re-arms. Ops run through the frozen
+// CLIENT_OPS whitelist with runOps's root-scoped target resolution.
+//
+// Run with: bun test spec/javascript
+import { test, expect, mock, beforeAll } from "bun:test"
+
+let ReactiveController
+
+beforeAll(async () => {
+  mock.module("@hotwired/stimulus", () => ({
+    Controller: class {
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+  }))
+  ReactiveController = (await import("../../app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.js")).default
+})
+
+// The FakeNode stub the show-sync tests use (self-contained per suite
+// convention), plus dispatchEvent recording for the dispatch op.
+class FakeNode {
+  constructor(opts = {}) {
+    const { tag = "div", name = null, type = null, value = "", checked = false, controller = null, attrs = {} } = opts
+    this.tag = tag.toLowerCase()
+    this.name = name
+    this.type = type
+    this.value = value
+    this.checked = checked
+    this.hidden = false
+    this.parentNode = null
+    this.children = []
+    this.attrs = { ...attrs }
+    this.isConnected = true
+    this.listeners = {}
+    this.dispatched = []
+    this.classes = new Set()
+    this.classList = {
+      add: (...cs) => cs.forEach((c) => this.classes.add(c)),
+      remove: (...cs) => cs.forEach((c) => this.classes.delete(c)),
+      toggle: (c) => (this.classes.has(c) ? this.classes.delete(c) : this.classes.add(c)),
+    }
+    if (controller) this.attrs["data-controller"] = controller
+  }
+
+  append(...nodes) {
+    for (const n of nodes) {
+      n.parentNode = this
+      this.children.push(n)
+    }
+    return this
+  }
+
+  #descendants() {
+    const out = []
+    for (const child of this.children) out.push(child, ...child.#descendants())
+    return out
+  }
+
+  matches(selector) {
+    if (selector === '[data-controller~="reactive"]') {
+      const c = this.attrs["data-controller"]
+      return !!c && c.split(/\s+/).includes("reactive")
+    }
+    if (selector === "[data-reactive-show-field], [data-reactive-show]") {
+      return "data-reactive-show-field" in this.attrs || "data-reactive-show" in this.attrs
+    }
+    if (selector === '[data-action*="reactive#trackDirty"]') {
+      return (this.attrs["data-action"] ?? "").includes("reactive#trackDirty")
+    }
+    if (selector === ".status") return (this.attrs.class ?? "").includes("status")
+    const named = selector.match(/^\[name="(.*)"\]$/)
+    if (named) return this.name === named[1]
+    return false
+  }
+
+  closest(selector) {
+    let node = this
+    while (node) {
+      if (node.matches(selector)) return node
+      node = node.parentNode
+    }
+    return null
+  }
+
+  querySelectorAll(selector) {
+    return this.#descendants().filter((n) => n.matches(selector))
+  }
+
+  getAttribute(name) {
+    if (name === "name") return this.name
+    return this.attrs[name] ?? null
+  }
+  setAttribute(name, value) {
+    this.attrs[name] = String(value)
+  }
+  removeAttribute(name) {
+    delete this.attrs[name]
+  }
+  hasAttribute(name) {
+    return name in this.attrs
+  }
+  addEventListener(name, fn) {
+    ;(this.listeners[name] ??= []).push(fn)
+  }
+  removeEventListener(name, fn) {
+    this.listeners[name] = (this.listeners[name] ?? []).filter((f) => f !== fn)
+  }
+  emit(name, event = {}) {
+    for (const fn of this.listeners[name] ?? []) fn(event)
+  }
+  dispatchEvent(event) {
+    this.dispatched.push(event)
+    return true
+  }
+}
+
+// No CustomEvent stub: bun's native CustomEvent carries type/detail, which is
+// all these tests read — and a bare recorder class left on globalThis would
+// break every later file whose events need cancelable/preventDefault (bun runs
+// the whole suite in ONE process; the CI-order lifecycle failure proved it).
+function buildController(rootEl) {
+  const controller = new ReactiveController()
+  controller.element = rootEl
+  controller.tokenValue = "tok"
+  globalThis.document = { querySelector: () => null, dispatchEvent: () => {} }
+  globalThis.window = { addEventListener: () => {}, removeEventListener: () => {} }
+  return controller
+}
+
+const COMPLETE_AT_SIX = JSON.stringify([
+  { any: [[{ field: "code", len_eq: 6 }]], ops: [["dispatch", { name: "code:complete" }]] },
+])
+
+function otpRoot({ payload = COMPLETE_AT_SIX, value = "", scope = null } = {}) {
+  const attrs = { "data-reactive-on-complete": payload }
+  if (scope) attrs["data-reactive-scope"] = scope
+  const root = new FakeNode({ tag: "form", controller: "reactive", attrs })
+  root.id = "otp"
+  const code = new FakeNode({ tag: "input", name: scope ? `${scope}[code]` : "code", value })
+  root.append(code)
+  return { root, code }
+}
+
+function captureWarnings(fn) {
+  const warns = []
+  const original = console.warn
+  console.warn = (...args) => warns.push(args.join(" "))
+  try {
+    fn()
+  } finally {
+    console.warn = original
+  }
+  return warns
+}
+
+test("connect() with already-satisfied conditions ARMS without firing", () => {
+  const { root, code } = otpRoot({ value: "123456" })
+  buildController(root).connect()
+
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(0)
+
+  // A later event with the conditions STILL true is no rising edge either.
+  root.emit("input", { target: code })
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(0)
+})
+
+test("an event-driven flip to true fires the ops exactly once", () => {
+  const { root, code } = otpRoot({ value: "12345" })
+  buildController(root).connect()
+
+  code.value = "123456"
+  root.emit("input", { target: code })
+  expect(root.dispatched.map((e) => e.type)).toEqual(["code:complete"])
+
+  // Still true → settled, no re-fire.
+  root.emit("input", { target: code })
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(1)
+})
+
+test("going false re-arms; the next flip fires again", () => {
+  const { root, code } = otpRoot({ value: "" })
+  buildController(root).connect()
+
+  code.value = "123456"
+  root.emit("input", { target: code })
+  code.value = "12345"
+  root.emit("input", { target: code })
+  code.value = "123456"
+  root.emit("change", { target: code }) // change counts as a gesture too
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(2)
+})
+
+test("a turbo:morph-element pass arms without firing (no gesture)", () => {
+  const { root, code } = otpRoot({ value: "" })
+  buildController(root).connect()
+
+  code.value = "123456" // the morph rewrote the field to a complete value
+  root.emit("turbo:morph-element")
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(0)
+
+  // Still-true events after the morph stay settled.
+  root.emit("input", { target: code })
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(0)
+})
+
+test("multiple bindings latch independently", () => {
+  const payload = JSON.stringify([
+    { any: [[{ field: "code", len_eq: 6 }]], ops: [["dispatch", { name: "code:complete" }]] },
+    { any: [[{ field: "kind", equals: "sms" }]], ops: [["dispatch", { name: "kind:sms" }]] },
+  ])
+  const root = new FakeNode({ tag: "form", controller: "reactive", attrs: { "data-reactive-on-complete": payload } })
+  root.id = "otp"
+  const code = new FakeNode({ tag: "input", name: "code", value: "" })
+  const kind = new FakeNode({ tag: "select", name: "kind", value: "email" })
+  root.append(code, kind)
+  buildController(root).connect()
+
+  kind.value = "sms"
+  root.emit("change", { target: kind })
+  expect(root.dispatched.map((e) => e.type)).toEqual(["kind:sms"])
+
+  code.value = "123456"
+  root.emit("input", { target: code })
+  expect(root.dispatched.map((e) => e.type)).toEqual(["kind:sms", "code:complete"])
+})
+
+test("scope-aware: a bare condition field resolves through data-reactive-scope", () => {
+  const { root, code } = otpRoot({ value: "", scope: "order" })
+  buildController(root).connect()
+
+  code.value = "123456"
+  root.emit("input", { target: code })
+  expect(root.dispatched.map((e) => e.type)).toEqual(["code:complete"])
+})
+
+test("ops resolve selector targets within the root (class op on an owned node)", () => {
+  const payload = JSON.stringify([
+    { any: [[{ field: "code", len_eq: 6 }]], ops: [["add_class", { to: ".status", classes: ["done"] }]] },
+  ])
+  const { root, code } = otpRoot({ payload })
+  const status = new FakeNode({ tag: "p", attrs: { class: "status" } })
+  root.append(status)
+  buildController(root).connect()
+
+  code.value = "123456"
+  root.emit("input", { target: code })
+  expect(status.classes.has("done")).toBe(true)
+})
+
+test("a malformed payload warns and never fires or throws", () => {
+  const { root, code } = otpRoot({ payload: "{not json" })
+  const warns = captureWarnings(() => {
+    buildController(root).connect()
+    code.value = "123456"
+    root.emit("input", { target: code })
+  })
+
+  expect(warns.some((w) => w.includes("reactive_on_complete"))).toBe(true)
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(0)
+})
+
+test("disconnect() removes the listeners (no fire after teardown)", () => {
+  const { root, code } = otpRoot({ value: "" })
+  const controller = buildController(root)
+  controller.connect()
+  controller.disconnect()
+
+  code.value = "123456"
+  root.emit("input", { target: code })
+  expect(root.dispatched.length).toBe(0)
+})
diff --git a/spec/javascript/reactive_submit_op.test.js b/spec/javascript/reactive_submit_op.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89fa5f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/javascript/reactive_submit_op.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+// Unit tests for the issue #226 `submit` client op — commit the TARGET'S OWN
+// form via requestSubmit(). Layered on the #95 runOps interpreter like
+// reactive_run_ops_extended.test.js: fake nodes, no fetch ever, owned scoping.
+//
+// The op's form resolution, in order:
+//   * the target itself when it IS a form (tagName, so fake nodes work),
+//   * the target's form owner (input.form — honors a form= attribute),
+//   * the nearest ancestor form (closest("form") — may sit OUTSIDE the
+//     component root by design: the field's own form is the scope).
+// No form anywhere → a silent no-op (never a throw).
+//
+// requestSubmit (never submit()) so constraint validation runs and a REAL
+// cancelable `submit` event fires — an on(:action, event: "submit")
+// interception or a native/Turbo form handles it exactly like a user submit.
+//
+// Run with: bun test spec/javascript
+import { test, expect, mock, beforeAll } from "bun:test"
+
+let ReactiveController
+
+beforeAll(async () => {
+  mock.module("@hotwired/stimulus", () => ({
+    Controller: class {
+      constructor() {}
+    },
+  }))
+  ReactiveController = (await import("../../app/javascript/phlex/reactive/reactive_controller.js")).default
+})
+
+// A form stand-in: requestSubmit records the call count.
+function makeForm() {
+  return {
+    tagName: "FORM",
+    submitted: 0,
+    requestSubmit() {
+      this.submitted += 1
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+function makeRoot() {
+  return {
+    isConnected: true,
+    id: "otp",
+    contains: () => true,
+    closest: () => null,
+    querySelectorAll: () => [],
+    getAttribute: () => null,
+  }
+}
+
+function buildController(root) {
+  const controller = new ReactiveController()
+  controller.element = root
+  globalThis.fetch = () => {
+    throw new Error("runOps must NEVER fetch")
+  }
+  globalThis.document = {
+    activeElement: null,
+    querySelector: () => null,
+    querySelectorAll: () => [],
+    dispatchEvent: () => {},
+  }
+  return controller
+}
+
+function fire(controller, ops) {
+  const event = {
+    params: { ops },
+    target: {},
+    preventDefault() {},
+  }
+  controller.runOps(event)
+}
+
+function captureWarnings(fn) {
+  const warns = []
+  const original = console.warn
+  console.warn = (...args) => warns.push(args.join(" "))
+  try {
+    fn()
+  } finally {
+    console.warn = original
+  }
+  return warns
+}
+
+test("submit on a form-control target requestSubmits its OWN form (el.form)", () => {
+  const root = makeRoot()
+  const form = makeForm()
+  // A control owned by the root whose form owner is `form` (may live outside
+  // the root — the field's form is the scope, not the component boundary).
+  const control = {
+    form,
+    closest: (sel) => (sel === "form" ? null : root),
+  }
+  root.querySelectorAll = (sel) => (sel === "[name=code]" ? [control] : [])
+  const controller = buildController(root)
+
+  fire(controller, [["submit", { to: "[name=code]" }]])
+
+  expect(form.submitted).toBe(1)
+})
+
+test("submit on a target that IS a form requestSubmits it directly", () => {
+  const root = makeRoot()
+  const form = makeForm()
+  form.closest = () => root // owned by the root
+  root.querySelectorAll = (sel) => (sel === "#checkout" ? [form] : [])
+  const controller = buildController(root)
+
+  fire(controller, [["submit", { to: "#checkout" }]])
+
+  expect(form.submitted).toBe(1)
+})
+
+test("submit on a plain node (the @root default) falls back to closest('form')", () => {
+  const root = makeRoot()
+  const form = makeForm()
+  // The component root is a <div> INSIDE the form — the OTP shape.
+  root.closest = (sel) => (sel === "form" ? form : null)
+  const controller = buildController(root)
+
+  fire(controller, [["submit", { to: "@root" }]])
+
+  expect(form.submitted).toBe(1)
+})
+
+test("submit with no form anywhere is a silent no-op (never a throw)", () => {
+  const root = makeRoot() // closest -> null, no form property
+  const controller = buildController(root)
+
+  expect(() => fire(controller, [["submit", { to: "@root" }]])).not.toThrow()
+})
+
+test("submit is a KNOWN op — it never trips the unknown-op default-deny warn", () => {
+  const root = makeRoot()
+  const form = makeForm()
+  root.closest = (sel) => (sel === "form" ? form : null)
+  const controller = buildController(root)
+
+  const warns = captureWarnings(() => fire(controller, [["submit", { to: "@root" }]]))
+
+  expect(warns.filter((w) => w.includes("unknown client op"))).toEqual([])
+  expect(form.submitted).toBe(1)
+})
+
+test("submit composes in a chain (siblings still apply, in order)", () => {
+  const root = makeRoot()
+  const form = makeForm()
+  root.closest = (sel) => (sel === "form" ? form : null)
+  const el = {
+    classes: new Set(),
+    closest: () => root,
+    classList: {
+      add(...cs) {
+        cs.forEach((c) => el.classes.add(c))
+      },
+    },
+  }
+  root.querySelectorAll = (sel) => (sel === ".status" ? [el] : [])
+  const controller = buildController(root)
+
+  fire(controller, [
+    ["add_class", { to: ".status", classes: ["busy"] }],
+    ["submit", { to: "@root" }],
+  ])
+
+  expect(el.classes.has("busy")).toBe(true)
+  expect(form.submitted).toBe(1)
+})
diff --git a/spec/phlex/reactive/client_bindings_spec.rb b/spec/phlex/reactive/client_bindings_spec.rb
index 9ce5c6b..f7c4bdf 100644
--- a/spec/phlex/reactive/client_bindings_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/phlex/reactive/client_bindings_spec.rb
@@ -131,6 +131,23 @@ def self.name = "ClientWithComputes"
       end.not_to raise_error
     end
 
+    # Issue #226: a completion binding is client-only behavior (conditions +
+    # local ops, no token, no action), so it belongs on ClientBindings too —
+    # and its tokenless root still emits the wire attr.
+    it "allows reactive_on_complete and emits its root attr tokenlessly" do
+      klass = Class.new(Phlex::HTML) do
+        include Phlex::Reactive::ClientBindings
+
+        def self.name = "ClientWithOnComplete"
+        reactive_on_complete if: { code: { length: 6 } }, run: js.dispatch("code:complete")
+      end
+
+      attrs = klass.new.send(:reactive_attrs)
+      expect(attrs[:data]).not_to have_key(:reactive_token_value)
+      expect(JSON.parse(attrs[:data][:reactive_on_complete]).first)
+        .to include("any" => [[{ "field" => "code", "len_eq" => 6 }]])
+    end
+
     it "does NOT raise for those macros on a full Component (Identity present)" do
       expect do
         Class.new(Phlex::HTML) do
diff --git a/spec/phlex/reactive/component_spec.rb b/spec/phlex/reactive/component_spec.rb
index 55fde5c..68b0d5f 100644
--- a/spec/phlex/reactive/component_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/phlex/reactive/component_spec.rb
@@ -1383,6 +1383,33 @@ def self.name = "DispatchHelper"
       expect(attrs[:data][:reactive_confirm_param]).to eq("Sure?")
       expect(attrs[:data][:reactive_outside_param]).to eq("true")
     end
+
+    # Issue #226: requestSubmit dispatches the very `submit` event an
+    # on_client(:submit, ...) trigger is bound to — a submit op there would
+    # re-fire itself forever. Loud at render, like every dead/hostile binding.
+    it "rejects a submit op bound to the submit event (it would re-fire itself)" do
+      expect { instance.send(:on_client, :submit, instance.js.submit) }
+        .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /re-fire/)
+    end
+
+    it "rejects the self-loop even when submit is buried in a longer chain" do
+      chain = instance.js.add_class(:root, "busy").submit
+      expect { instance.send(:on_client, :submit, chain) }
+        .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /re-fire/)
+    end
+
+    it "allows a submit op on any other event (the general autosubmit story)" do
+      attrs = instance.send(:on_client, :change, instance.js.submit)
+
+      expect(attrs[:data][:action]).to eq("change->reactive#runOps")
+      expect(attrs[:data][:reactive_ops_param]).to eq('[["submit",{"to":"@root"}]]')
+    end
+
+    it "allows non-submit ops on the submit event (a busy-state chain is fine)" do
+      attrs = instance.send(:on_client, :submit, instance.js.add_class(:root, "busy"))
+
+      expect(attrs[:data][:action]).to eq("submit->reactive#runOps")
+    end
   end
 
   # A record-backed component whose record is UNSAVED (new_record?) has no
@@ -1585,6 +1612,140 @@ def self.name = "ComputeChild"
       end
     end
 
+    # Issue #226: reactive_on_complete — the declarative completion binding.
+    # Conditions reuse the ONE ShowConditions language (including the #226
+    # length: form); run: is a js chain (or a raw op list, allowlist-checked)
+    # the client applies on the RISING EDGE of the conditions, through the
+    # same frozen CLIENT_OPS whitelist as on_client.
+    describe "reactive_on_complete (issue #226 — declarative completion binding)" do
+      let(:complete_klass) do
+        Class.new do
+          include Phlex::Reactive::Component
+
+          def self.name = "OtpForm"
+
+          reactive_state :count
+          reactive_on_complete if: { code: { length: 6 } },
+            run: Phlex::Reactive::JS.new.dispatch("code:complete")
+
+          def initialize(count: 0) = @count = count
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe "declaration registry" do
+        it "registers under :default when unnamed" do
+          expect(complete_klass.reactive_on_completes.key?(:default)).to be(true)
+        end
+
+        it "compiles the conditions through the ShowConditions language" do
+          expect(complete_klass.reactive_on_completes[:default].conditions)
+            .to eq([[{ "field" => "code", "len_eq" => 6 }]])
+        end
+
+        it "captures the op chain pairs" do
+          expect(complete_klass.reactive_on_completes[:default].ops)
+            .to eq([["dispatch", { "name" => "code:complete", "to" => "@root", "detail" => {} }]])
+        end
+
+        it "supports multiple NAMED bindings" do
+          klass = Class.new do
+            include Phlex::Reactive::Component
+
+            def self.name = "TwoBindings"
+            reactive_on_complete :ready, if: { code: { length: 6 } },
+              run: Phlex::Reactive::JS.new.submit
+            reactive_on_complete :too_long, if: { code: { length: 10.. } },
+              run: Phlex::Reactive::JS.new.add_class(:root, "overflow")
+          end
+          expect(klass.reactive_on_completes.keys).to eq(%i[ready too_long])
+        end
+
+        it "is inherited without mutating the parent" do
+          child = Class.new(complete_klass) do
+            def self.name = "OtpChild"
+            reactive_on_complete :extra, if: { kind: "sms" }, run: Phlex::Reactive::JS.new.submit
+          end
+
+          expect(child.reactive_on_completes.keys).to contain_exactly(:default, :extra)
+          expect(complete_klass.reactive_on_completes.keys).to eq([:default])
+        end
+
+        it "exposes js at class level so declarations read naturally" do
+          klass = Class.new do
+            include Phlex::Reactive::Component
+
+            def self.name = "NaturalJs"
+            reactive_on_complete if: { a: "1" }, run: js.dispatch("x")
+          end
+          expect(klass.reactive_on_completes[:default].ops.first.first).to eq("dispatch")
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe "loud validation" do
+        it "rejects a run: that is neither a JS chain nor an op list" do
+          expect do
+            Class.new do
+              include Phlex::Reactive::Component
+
+              def self.name = "BadRun"
+              reactive_on_complete if: { a: "1" }, run: "submit"
+            end
+          end.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /run:/)
+        end
+
+        it "rejects an empty chain (a dead binding)" do
+          expect do
+            Class.new do
+              include Phlex::Reactive::Component
+
+              def self.name = "EmptyRun"
+              reactive_on_complete if: { a: "1" }, run: Phlex::Reactive::JS.new
+            end
+          end.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /no ops/)
+        end
+
+        it "re-validates a raw op list through the attr allowlist (escape hatch can't bypass)" do
+          expect do
+            Class.new do
+              include Phlex::Reactive::Component
+
+              def self.name = "HostileRun"
+              reactive_on_complete if: { a: "1" },
+                run: [["set_attr", { "to" => "#x", "name" => "onclick", "value" => "x" }]]
+            end
+          end.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /onclick/)
+        end
+
+        it "requires conditions (the ShowConditions kwargs)" do
+          expect do
+            Class.new do
+              include Phlex::Reactive::Component
+
+              def self.name = "NoConditions"
+              reactive_on_complete run: Phlex::Reactive::JS.new.submit
+            end
+          end.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /if:, if_any:, or unless:/)
+        end
+      end
+
+      describe "wire emission (reactive_attrs)" do
+        it "rides the root as ONE data-reactive-on-complete JSON attr" do
+          attrs = complete_klass.new.send(:reactive_attrs)
+          payload = JSON.parse(attrs[:data][:reactive_on_complete])
+
+          expect(payload).to eq([{
+            "any" => [[{ "field" => "code", "len_eq" => 6 }]],
+            "ops" => [["dispatch", { "name" => "code:complete", "to" => "@root", "detail" => {} }]]
+          }])
+        end
+
+        it "emits nothing when undeclared (byte-stable wire)" do
+          attrs = state_klass.new.send(:reactive_attrs)
+          expect(attrs[:data]).not_to have_key(:reactive_on_complete)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     # The wire emission the root's compute binding produces (issue #183 moved it
     # from reactive_compute_attrs into the private compute_binding helper that
     # reactive_root(compute:) calls).
diff --git a/spec/phlex/reactive/js_spec.rb b/spec/phlex/reactive/js_spec.rb
index 7d6b20b..14f417b 100644
--- a/spec/phlex/reactive/js_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/phlex/reactive/js_spec.rb
@@ -187,6 +187,29 @@
     end
   end
 
+  # --- Issue #226: submit — commit the target's own form ---
+
+  describe "submit op (#submit) — requestSubmit the target's own form" do
+    it "defaults to the component root" do
+      expect(JSON.parse(js.submit.to_json)).to eq([["submit", { "to" => "@root" }]])
+    end
+
+    it "accepts a selector target" do
+      expect(JSON.parse(js.submit("#checkout").to_json))
+        .to eq([["submit", { "to" => "#checkout" }]])
+    end
+
+    it "carries global: true only when asked (root-scoped is the lean default)" do
+      expect(JSON.parse(js.submit("#checkout", global: true).to_json).dig(0, 1))
+        .to include("global" => true)
+      expect(JSON.parse(js.submit.to_json).dig(0, 1)).not_to have_key("global")
+    end
+
+    it "rejects a target that is neither :root nor a CSS selector string" do
+      expect { js.submit(:form) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /:root or a CSS selector/)
+    end
+  end
+
   # --- Issue #96: dispatch a bubbling CustomEvent ---
 
   describe "dispatch (#dispatch) — a bubbling CustomEvent" do
diff --git a/spec/phlex/reactive/response_spec.rb b/spec/phlex/reactive/response_spec.rb
index 3a52b4f..1fa9cf5 100644
--- a/spec/phlex/reactive/response_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/phlex/reactive/response_spec.rb
@@ -382,6 +382,13 @@ def view_template = span { "rendered flash" }
       expect(stream).to include("&quot;focus&quot;")
     end
 
+    # Issue #226: submit is actor-only like focus — refused in broadcasts, but
+    # the actor's own reply may commit a form it just morphed.
+    it "allows a submit op (actor-scoped, mirroring focus)" do
+      stream = counter.reply.with.js(CounterComponent.new(count: 0).js.submit).streams.first
+      expect(stream).to include("&quot;submit&quot;")
+    end
+
     it "enforces the attr allowlist on a raw op array (escape hatch can't bypass it)" do
       hostile = [["set_attr", { "to" => "#x", "name" => "onclick", "value" => "alert(1)" }]]
       expect { counter.reply.with.js(hostile) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /onclick/)
diff --git a/spec/phlex/reactive/show_conditions_spec.rb b/spec/phlex/reactive/show_conditions_spec.rb
index 2e7215a..d07416d 100644
--- a/spec/phlex/reactive/show_conditions_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/phlex/reactive/show_conditions_spec.rb
@@ -168,6 +168,86 @@ def match?(groups, values) = described_class.match?(groups, values)
     end
   end
 
+  # Issue #226: the length: value form — a Hash value names a structural
+  # predicate over the field's CODEPOINT count. { length: 6 } is exact;
+  # Integer Ranges reuse the threshold vocabulary with len_* wire keys.
+  describe ".normalize — the length: value form (issue #226)" do
+    it "compiles { length: N } to a len_eq term" do
+      expect(normalize(if: { code: { length: 6 } }))
+        .to eq([[{ "field" => "code", "len_eq" => 6 }]])
+    end
+
+    it "compiles an endless length range to len_gte" do
+      expect(normalize(if: { code: { length: 6.. } }))
+        .to eq([[{ "field" => "code", "len_gte" => 6 }]])
+    end
+
+    it "compiles a beginless exclusive length range to len_lt" do
+      expect(normalize(if: { code: { length: ...6 } }))
+        .to eq([[{ "field" => "code", "len_lt" => 6 }]])
+    end
+
+    it "compiles a bounded length range to gte+lte terms in ONE group" do
+      expect(normalize(if: { code: { length: 4..8 } }))
+        .to eq([[{ "field" => "code", "len_gte" => 4 }, { "field" => "code", "len_lte" => 8 }]])
+    end
+
+    it "ANDs a length term with its sibling fields in the same group" do
+      expect(normalize(if: { code: { length: 6 }, kind: "sms" }))
+        .to eq([[{ "field" => "code", "len_eq" => 6 }, { "field" => "kind", "equals" => "sms" }]])
+    end
+
+    it "negates { length: N } under unless: to the len_lt OR len_gt disjunction" do
+      expect(normalize(unless: { code: { length: 6 } }))
+        .to eq([[{ "field" => "code", "len_lt" => 6 }], [{ "field" => "code", "len_gt" => 6 }]])
+    end
+
+    it "negates a bounded length range under unless: to the outside disjunction" do
+      expect(normalize(unless: { code: { length: 4..8 } }))
+        .to eq([[{ "field" => "code", "len_lt" => 4 }], [{ "field" => "code", "len_gt" => 8 }]])
+    end
+
+    it "negates an endless length range under unless: to the single complement" do
+      expect(normalize(unless: { code: { length: 6.. } }))
+        .to eq([[{ "field" => "code", "len_lt" => 6 }]])
+    end
+
+    it "rejects a non-Integer length literal" do
+      expect { normalize(if: { code: { length: "6" } }) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /length/)
+      expect { normalize(if: { code: { length: 6.5 } }) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /length/)
+    end
+
+    it "rejects a negative length" do
+      expect { normalize(if: { code: { length: -1 } }) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /length/)
+    end
+
+    it "rejects a non-Integer length Range endpoint" do
+      expect { normalize(if: { code: { length: 1.5..8 } }) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /length/)
+    end
+
+    it "rejects a Hash value with keys other than length: (loud, never silent)" do
+      expect { normalize(if: { code: { min: 6 } }) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /length/)
+      expect { normalize(unless: { code: { min: 6 } }) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /length/)
+    end
+
+    it "rejects an empty Hash value" do
+      expect { normalize(if: { code: {} }) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /length/)
+    end
+
+    it "evaluates length by CODEPOINTS (multibyte-safe, mirrors the client)" do
+      groups = normalize(if: { note: { length: 2 } })
+      expect(match?(groups, { "note" => "😀🎈" })).to be(true)
+      expect(match?(groups, { "note" => "ab" })).to be(true)
+      expect(match?(groups, { "note" => "abc" })).to be(false)
+    end
+
+    it "treats a blank/absent field as length 0" do
+      groups = normalize(if: { code: { length: 0 } })
+      expect(match?(groups, {})).to be(true)
+      expect(match?(groups, { "code" => "x" })).to be(false)
+    end
+  end
+
   describe ".normalize — loud validation" do
     it "raises on an empty if: hash" do
       expect { normalize(if: {}) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError, /if: needs at least one field/)
diff --git a/spec/requests/js_broadcast_spec.rb b/spec/requests/js_broadcast_spec.rb
index ec3091e..a3e53da 100644
--- a/spec/requests/js_broadcast_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/js_broadcast_spec.rb
@@ -57,6 +57,20 @@
       .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /focus/)
   end
 
+  # Issue #226: submit joins the actor-only set — a broadcast submit would
+  # force-submit the form in EVERY subscriber's tab.
+  it "rejects a submit op (broadcasting submit force-submits every subscriber's form)" do
+    submit_ops = TodoItemComponent.new(todo: Todo.new).js.submit
+
+    expect { TodoItemComponent.broadcast_to("alerts", js: submit_ops) }
+      .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /submit/)
+  end
+
+  it "rejects a raw-array submit op the same way (escape hatch can't bypass it)" do
+    expect { TodoItemComponent.broadcast_to("alerts", js: [["submit", { "to" => "@root" }]]) }
+      .to raise_error(ArgumentError, /submit/)
+  end
+
   it "rejects an empty op chain (a dead reactive:js broadcast is a mistake)" do
     empty = TodoItemComponent.new(todo: Todo.new).js
 
diff --git a/spec/system/autosubmit_filter_spec.rb b/spec/system/autosubmit_filter_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..536f785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/system/autosubmit_filter_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "system_helper"
+
+# Issue #226: the GENERAL autosubmit story — on_client(:change, js.submit("form"))
+# on a select submits its own form with zero bespoke JS and zero reactive round
+# trips. The form is a plain GET form: requestSubmit fires a real submit event,
+# Turbo Drive turns it into a visit, and the page updates WITHOUT a full reload
+# (the window marker survives — the testing-rules no-reload proof).
+RSpec.describe "Autosubmit filter (issue #226)", type: :system do
+  it "submits the form on change and re-renders without a full page reload" do
+    visit "/autosubmit_filter"
+
+    expect(page).to have_css("[data-testid='sorted-by']", text: "Sorted by: name")
+    page.execute_script("window.__marker = 'kept'")
+
+    find("[data-testid='sort']").find("option", text: "Price").select_option
+
+    # Waiting matcher = the async barrier for the Turbo visit.
+    expect(page).to have_css("[data-testid='sorted-by']", text: "Sorted by: price")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__marker")).to eq("kept")
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/system/code_complete_spec.rb b/spec/system/code_complete_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1ee78c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/system/code_complete_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "system_helper"
+
+# Issue #226: the DECLARATIVE completion binding, end to end — a
+# reactive_on_complete with ZERO JavaScript. The Ruby-declared length:
+# condition (the ShowConditions #226 form) is evaluated by the generic client
+# on every input; the rising edge runs js.dispatch("code:complete"), which the
+# root's own on(:verify, event: "code:complete") turns into ONE signed action
+# POST. Length-exact semantics prove the re-arm: a 7th character makes the
+# condition FALSE, so trimming back to six fires again.
+RSpec.describe "Declarative code completion (issue #226 reactive_on_complete)", type: :system do
+  def install_post_counter
+    page.execute_script(<<~JS)
+      window.__actionPosts = 0
+      const orig = window.fetch
+      window.fetch = (url, opts) => {
+        if (String(url).includes("/reactive/actions")) window.__actionPosts++
+        return orig(url, opts)
+      }
+      window.__marker = "kept"
+    JS
+  end
+
+  it "fires the declared ops exactly once when the condition first becomes true" do
+    visit "/code_complete"
+    expect(page).to have_css("[data-testid='status']", text: "waiting")
+    install_post_counter
+
+    find("[data-testid='code']").set("12345") # incomplete — nothing fires
+    expect(page).to have_field("code", with: "12345")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__actionPosts")).to eq(0)
+
+    find("[data-testid='code']").set("123456")
+
+    expect(page).to have_css("[data-testid='status']", text: "verified:123456")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__actionPosts")).to eq(1)
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__marker")).to eq("kept") # no reload
+  end
+
+  it "re-arms when the condition goes false and fires again at exactly six" do
+    visit "/code_complete"
+    install_post_counter
+
+    find("[data-testid='code']").set("111111")
+    expect(page).to have_css("[data-testid='status']", text: "verified:111111")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__actionPosts")).to eq(1)
+
+    # The post-verify render arms without firing; seven characters make the
+    # len_eq 6 condition FALSE — no fire, and the latch re-arms.
+    find("[data-testid='code']").set("1234567")
+    expect(page).to have_field("code", with: "1234567")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__actionPosts")).to eq(1)
+
+    # Back to exactly six → the rising edge fires once more.
+    find("[data-testid='code']").set("654321")
+    expect(page).to have_css("[data-testid='status']", text: "verified:654321")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__actionPosts")).to eq(2)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/system/split_code_spec.rb b/spec/system/split_code_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96cbcde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/system/split_code_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "system_helper"
+
+# Issue #226: the MULTI-BOX code entry, end to end — six single-character boxes
+# behind one reducer. A paste into the FIRST box redistributes one digit per
+# box; typing advances focus to the next box on every digit (the content-keyed
+# $ops latch fires each DIFFERENT focus target); the sixth digit auto-commits
+# exactly ONE signed action carrying the hidden joined `code` field.
+RSpec.describe "Split code boxes (issue #226 multi-input $ops)", type: :system do
+  def install_post_counter
+    page.execute_script(<<~JS)
+      window.__actionPosts = 0
+      const orig = window.fetch
+      window.fetch = (url, opts) => {
+        if (String(url).includes("/reactive/actions")) window.__actionPosts++
+        return orig(url, opts)
+      }
+      window.__marker = "kept"
+    JS
+  end
+
+  it "redistributes a dirty paste across the boxes and auto-commits once" do
+    visit "/split_code"
+    expect(page).to have_css("[data-testid='status']", text: "waiting")
+    install_post_counter
+
+    # A real paste is ONE input event carrying the full dirty string —
+    # dispatch exactly that. (Capybara's .set is driver-version-dependent:
+    # some builds type per character, which is the TYPING flow — with focus
+    # advance and per-keystroke redistribution — that the next spec covers.
+    # The scrambled-order CI failure on 3c263d0 is the receipt.)
+    page.execute_script(<<~JS)
+      const box = document.querySelector('[data-testid="d1"]')
+      box.value = "987-654"
+      box.dispatchEvent(new Event("input", { bubbles: true }))
+    JS
+
+    expect(page).to have_css("[data-testid='status']", text: "verified:987654")
+    expect(page).to have_field("d1", with: "9")
+    expect(page).to have_field("d6", with: "4")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__actionPosts")).to eq(1)
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__marker")).to eq("kept") # no navigation
+    expect(page).to have_no_css("[data-testid='nav-probe']")
+  end
+
+  it "advances focus box by box while typing, then submits on the sixth digit" do
+    visit "/split_code"
+    install_post_counter
+
+    # The hidden `code` field is written by the SAME reducer pass that fires
+    # the focus op, so waiting on it is the async barrier for each advance.
+    find("[data-testid='d1']").send_keys("1")
+    expect(page).to have_field("code", with: "1", type: "hidden")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("document.activeElement?.name")).to eq("d2")
+
+    find("[data-testid='d2']").send_keys("2")
+    expect(page).to have_field("code", with: "12", type: "hidden")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("document.activeElement?.name")).to eq("d3")
+
+    find("[data-testid='d3']").send_keys("3")
+    find("[data-testid='d4']").send_keys("4")
+    find("[data-testid='d5']").send_keys("5")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__actionPosts")).to eq(0) # still incomplete
+
+    find("[data-testid='d6']").send_keys("6")
+
+    expect(page).to have_css("[data-testid='status']", text: "verified:123456")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__actionPosts")).to eq(1)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/system/verification_code_spec.rb b/spec/system/verification_code_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb0496d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/system/verification_code_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "system_helper"
+
+# Issue #226: the $ops flagship, end to end — a one-time-code field whose
+# reducer normalizes every input (strip non-digits, cap at 6) and, once
+# complete, emits `$ops: ops.submit()`. requestSubmit fires a real submit event
+# that on(:verify, event: "submit") intercepts into ONE signed action POST —
+# no navigation (the form's action points at the nav-probe page), no bespoke
+# controller. Rising-edge semantics are proven in the browser: a 7th keystroke
+# (capped back to the same complete value) never re-fires; going incomplete
+# re-arms; a fresh render with a complete value (the post-verify replace) never
+# self-fires.
+RSpec.describe "Verification code auto-commit (issue #226 $ops)", type: :system do
+  def install_post_counter
+    page.execute_script(<<~JS)
+      window.__actionPosts = 0
+      const orig = window.fetch
+      window.fetch = (url, opts) => {
+        if (String(url).includes("/reactive/actions")) window.__actionPosts++
+        return orig(url, opts)
+      }
+      window.__marker = "kept"
+    JS
+  end
+
+  it "normalizes dirty input and commits exactly ONE signed action when complete" do
+    visit "/verification"
+    expect(page).to have_css("[data-testid='status']", text: "waiting")
+    install_post_counter
+
+    # Paste-shaped dirty input: separators stripped, then complete → submit.
+    find("[data-testid='code']").set("123-456")
+
+    expect(page).to have_css("[data-testid='status']", text: "verified:123456")
+    expect(page).to have_field("code", with: "123456") # reducer-normalized
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__actionPosts")).to eq(1)
+    # Intercepted, never navigated: window state survived, no nav-probe page.
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__marker")).to eq("kept")
+    expect(page).to have_no_css("[data-testid='nav-probe']")
+  end
+
+  it "never re-fires while complete and re-arms only after going incomplete" do
+    visit "/verification"
+    install_post_counter
+
+    find("[data-testid='code']").set("111111")
+    expect(page).to have_css("[data-testid='status']", text: "verified:111111")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__actionPosts")).to eq(1)
+
+    # The post-verify replace re-rendered the form with the COMPLETE value; the
+    # fresh controller's seed pass arms without firing. Another digit (wherever
+    # the caret lands) is capped straight back to 6 — the value stays complete,
+    # so there is no rising edge and NO second commit.
+    find("[data-testid='code']").send_keys("7")
+    expect(find("[data-testid='code']").value.length).to eq(6)
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__actionPosts")).to eq(1)
+
+    # Going incomplete re-arms (and alone commits nothing)...
+    find("[data-testid='code']").set("222")
+    expect(page).to have_field("code", with: "222")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__actionPosts")).to eq(1)
+
+    # ...then completing again fires exactly one more commit.
+    find("[data-testid='code']").set("222333")
+    expect(page).to have_css("[data-testid='status']", text: "verified:222333")
+    expect(page.evaluate_script("window.__actionPosts")).to eq(2)
+  end
+end