TypeError: Lzw.__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'name' when opening Icechunk

[scottyhq]

Following the docs here, I'm trying to save my virtual dataset to icechunk to open later https://virtualizarr.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage.html#writing-to-an-icechunk-store

Bypassing virtualizarr / icechunk and opening a manifest_store directly works fine. But trying to open from icechunk leads to a big traceback ending with TypeError: Lzw.__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'name'

from obstore.store import GCSStore
from virtualizarr import open_virtual_dataset
from obspec_utils.registry import ObjectStoreRegistry
from virtual_tiff import VirtualTIFF
import xarray as xr
import icechunk

bucket = "solus100pub"
file = "cec7_0_cm_p.tif"
url = f"gs://{bucket}/{file}"
store = GCSStore(bucket=bucket, skip_signature=True)

# Working directly with a Manifest Store is fine: 
registry = ObjectStoreRegistry({f"gs://{bucket}": store})
parser = VirtualTIFF(ifd=4) # Use overview for testing
registry = ObjectStoreRegistry({f"gs://{bucket}": store}) # Not really sure what this does...
manifest_store = parser(url=url, registry=registry)
ds = xr.open_zarr(manifest_store, zarr_format=3, consolidated=False)
ds.load()

But saving to Icechunk and then opening leads to Error:

# Save
vds = open_virtual_dataset(
    url=url,
    registry=registry,
    parser=VirtualTIFF(ifd=4),
)
vds

config = icechunk.RepositoryConfig.default()
config.set_virtual_chunk_container(
    icechunk.VirtualChunkContainer(
        url_prefix=f"gs://{bucket}/",
        store=icechunk.gcs_store(),
    ),
)

local_path = '/tmp/test-icechunk'
storage = icechunk.local_filesystem_storage(local_path)
repo = icechunk.Repository.create(storage, config)
session = repo.writable_session("main")
vds.vz.to_icechunk(session.store)
session.commit("initial cec7 virtual dataset")


# Open
storage = icechunk.local_filesystem_storage(local_path)
upstream_credential = icechunk.containers_credentials({f'gs://{bucket}/': 
                                                       icechunk.gcs_credentials(anonymous=True)})
repo = icechunk.Repository.open(storage, authorize_virtual_chunk_access=upstream_credential)
session = repo.readonly_session("main")

ds = xr.open_zarr(session.store, zarr_format=3, consolidated=False)
ds.load()

Show traceback

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[6], [line 9](vscode-notebook-cell:?execution_count=6&line=9)
      6 session = repo.readonly_session("main")
      8 ds = xr.open_zarr(session.store, zarr_format=3, consolidated=False)
----> [9](vscode-notebook-cell:?execution_count=6&line=9) ds.load()

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/dataset.py:566, in Dataset.load(self, **kwargs)
    563         self.variables[k].data = data
    565 # load everything else sequentially
--> [566](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/dataset.py:566) [v.load() for k, v in self.variables.items() if k not in chunked_data]
    568 return self

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/variable.py:1011, in Variable.load(self, **kwargs)
    982 def load(self, **kwargs) -> Self:
    983     """Trigger loading data into memory and return this variable.
    984 
    985     Data will be computed and/or loaded from disk or a remote source.
   (...)   1009     Dataset.load
   1010     """
-> [1011](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/variable.py:1011)     self._data = to_duck_array(self._data, **kwargs)
   1012     return self

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/namedarray/pycompat.py:143, in to_duck_array(data, **kwargs)
    140     return loaded_data
    142 if isinstance(data, ExplicitlyIndexed | ImplicitToExplicitIndexingAdapter):
--> [143](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/namedarray/pycompat.py:143)     return data.get_duck_array()  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call, no-any-return]
    144 elif is_duck_array(data):
    145     return data

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/indexing.py:943, in MemoryCachedArray.get_duck_array(self)
    942 def get_duck_array(self):
--> [943](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/indexing.py:943)     duck_array = self.array.get_duck_array()
    944     # ensure the array object is cached in-memory
    945     self.array = as_indexable(duck_array)

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/indexing.py:897, in CopyOnWriteArray.get_duck_array(self)
    896 def get_duck_array(self):
--> [897](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/indexing.py:897)     return self.array.get_duck_array()

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/indexing.py:737, in LazilyIndexedArray.get_duck_array(self)
    734 from xarray.backends.common import BackendArray
    736 if isinstance(self.array, BackendArray):
--> [737](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/indexing.py:737)     array = self.array[self.key]
    738 else:
    739     array = apply_indexer(self.array, self.key)

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/backends/zarr.py:262, in ZarrArrayWrapper.__getitem__(self, key)
    260 elif isinstance(key, indexing.OuterIndexer):
    261     method = self._oindex
--> [262](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/backends/zarr.py:262) return indexing.explicit_indexing_adapter(
    263     key, array.shape, indexing.IndexingSupport.VECTORIZED, method
    264 )

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/indexing.py:1129, in explicit_indexing_adapter(key, shape, indexing_support, raw_indexing_method)
   1107 """Support explicit indexing by delegating to a raw indexing method.
   1108 
   1109 Outer and/or vectorized indexers are supported by indexing a second time
   (...)   1126 Indexing result, in the form of a duck numpy-array.
   1127 """
   1128 raw_key, numpy_indices = decompose_indexer(key, shape, indexing_support)
-> [1129](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/core/indexing.py:1129) result = raw_indexing_method(raw_key.tuple)
   1130 if numpy_indices.tuple:
   1131     # index the loaded duck array
   1132     indexable = as_indexable(result)

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/backends/zarr.py:225, in ZarrArrayWrapper._getitem(self, key)
    224 def _getitem(self, key):
--> [225](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/xarray/backends/zarr.py:225)     return self._array[key]

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/array.py:2868, in Array.__getitem__(self, selection)
   2866     return self.vindex[cast("CoordinateSelection | MaskSelection", selection)]
   2867 elif is_pure_orthogonal_indexing(pure_selection, self.ndim):
-> [2868](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/array.py:2868)     return self.get_orthogonal_selection(pure_selection, fields=fields)
   2869 else:
   2870     return self.get_basic_selection(cast("BasicSelection", pure_selection), fields=fields)

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/array.py:3339, in Array.get_orthogonal_selection(self, selection, out, fields, prototype)
   3337     prototype = default_buffer_prototype()
   3338 indexer = OrthogonalIndexer(selection, self.shape, self.metadata.chunk_grid)
-> [3339](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/array.py:3339) return sync(
   3340     self.async_array._get_selection(
   3341         indexer=indexer, out=out, fields=fields, prototype=prototype
   3342     )
   3343 )

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/sync.py:159, in sync(coro, loop, timeout)
    156 return_result = next(iter(finished)).result()
    158 if isinstance(return_result, BaseException):
--> [159](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/sync.py:159)     raise return_result
    160 else:
    161     return return_result

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/sync.py:119, in _runner(coro)
    114 """
    115 Await a coroutine and return the result of running it. If awaiting the coroutine raises an
    116 exception, the exception will be returned.
    117 """
    118 try:
--> [119](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/sync.py:119)     return await coro
    120 except Exception as ex:
    121     return ex

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/array.py:1565, in AsyncArray._get_selection(self, indexer, prototype, out, fields)
   1562         _config = replace(_config, order=self.order)
   1564     # reading chunks and decoding them
-> [1565](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/array.py:1565)     await self.codec_pipeline.read(
   1566         [
   1567             (
   1568                 self.store_path / self.metadata.encode_chunk_key(chunk_coords),
   1569                 self.metadata.get_chunk_spec(chunk_coords, _config, prototype=prototype),
   1570                 chunk_selection,
   1571                 out_selection,
   1572                 is_complete_chunk,
   1573             )
   1574             for chunk_coords, chunk_selection, out_selection, is_complete_chunk in indexer
   1575         ],
   1576         out_buffer,
   1577         drop_axes=indexer.drop_axes,
   1578     )
   1579 if isinstance(indexer, BasicIndexer) and indexer.shape == ():
   1580     return out_buffer.as_scalar()

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/codec_pipeline.py:473, in BatchedCodecPipeline.read(self, batch_info, out, drop_axes)
    467 async def read(
    468     self,
    469     batch_info: Iterable[tuple[ByteGetter, ArraySpec, SelectorTuple, SelectorTuple, bool]],
    470     out: NDBuffer,
    471     drop_axes: tuple[int, ...] = (),
    472 ) -> None:
--> [473](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/codec_pipeline.py:473)     await concurrent_map(
    474         [
    475             (single_batch_info, out, drop_axes)
    476             for single_batch_info in batched(batch_info, self.batch_size)
    477         ],
    478         self.read_batch,
    479         config.get("async.concurrency"),
    480     )

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/common.py:[116](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/common.py:116), in concurrent_map(items, func, limit)
    113     async with sem:
    114         return await func(*item)
--> 116 return await asyncio.gather(*[asyncio.ensure_future(run(item)) for item in items])

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/common.py:[114](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/common.py:114), in concurrent_map.<locals>.run(item)
    112 async def run(item: tuple[Any]) -> V:
    113     async with sem:
--> 114         return await func(*item)

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/codec_pipeline.py:275, in BatchedCodecPipeline.read_batch(self, batch_info, out, drop_axes)
    269 else:
    270     chunk_bytes_batch = await concurrent_map(
    271         [(byte_getter, array_spec.prototype) for byte_getter, array_spec, *_ in batch_info],
    272         lambda byte_getter, prototype: byte_getter.get(prototype),
    273         config.get("async.concurrency"),
    274     )
--> [275](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/codec_pipeline.py:275)     chunk_array_batch = await self.decode_batch(
    276         [
    277             (chunk_bytes, chunk_spec)
    278             for chunk_bytes, (_, chunk_spec, *_) in zip(
    279                 chunk_bytes_batch, batch_info, strict=False
    280             )
    281         ],
    282     )
    283     for chunk_array, (_, chunk_spec, chunk_selection, out_selection, _) in zip(
    284         chunk_array_batch, batch_info, strict=False
    285     ):
    286         if chunk_array is not None:

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/codec_pipeline.py:190, in BatchedCodecPipeline.decode_batch(self, chunk_bytes_and_specs)
    183 (
    184     aa_codecs_with_spec,
    185     ab_codec_with_spec,
    186     bb_codecs_with_spec,
    187 ) = self._codecs_with_resolved_metadata_batched(chunk_specs)
    189 for bb_codec, chunk_spec_batch in bb_codecs_with_spec[::-1]:
--> [190](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/codec_pipeline.py:190)     chunk_bytes_batch = await bb_codec.decode(
    191         zip(chunk_bytes_batch, chunk_spec_batch, strict=False)
    192     )
    194 ab_codec, chunk_spec_batch = ab_codec_with_spec
    195 chunk_array_batch = await ab_codec.decode(
    196     zip(chunk_bytes_batch, chunk_spec_batch, strict=False)
    197 )

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/abc/codec.py:159, in BaseCodec.decode(self, chunks_and_specs)
    143 async def decode(
    144     self,
    145     chunks_and_specs: Iterable[tuple[CodecOutput | None, ArraySpec]],
    146 ) -> Iterable[CodecInput | None]:
    147     """Decodes a batch of chunks.
    148     Chunks can be None in which case they are ignored by the codec.
    149 
   (...)    157     Iterable[CodecInput | None]
    158     """
--> [159](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/abc/codec.py:159)     return await _batching_helper(self._decode_single, chunks_and_specs)

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/abc/codec.py:467, in _batching_helper(func, batch_info)
    463 async def _batching_helper(
    464     func: Callable[[CodecInput, ArraySpec], Awaitable[CodecOutput | None]],
    465     batch_info: Iterable[tuple[CodecInput | None, ArraySpec]],
    466 ) -> list[CodecOutput | None]:
--> [467](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/abc/codec.py:467)     return await concurrent_map(
    468         list(batch_info),
    469         _noop_for_none(func),
    470         config.get("async.concurrency"),
    471     )

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/common.py:116, in concurrent_map(items, func, limit)
    113     async with sem:
    114         return await func(*item)
--> [116](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/common.py:116) return await asyncio.gather(*[asyncio.ensure_future(run(item)) for item in items])

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/common.py:114, in concurrent_map.<locals>.run(item)
    112 async def run(item: tuple[Any]) -> V:
    113     async with sem:
--> [114](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/core/common.py:114)         return await func(*item)

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/abc/codec.py:480, in _noop_for_none.<locals>.wrap(chunk, chunk_spec)
    478 if chunk is None:
    479     return None
--> [480](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/zarr/abc/codec.py:480) return await func(chunk, chunk_spec)

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/virtual_tiff/imagecodecs.py:102, in _ImageCodecsBytesBytesCodec._decode_single(self, chunk_bytes, chunk_spec)
     97 async def _decode_single(
     98     self, chunk_bytes: Buffer, chunk_spec: ArraySpec
     99 ) -> Buffer:
    100     return await asyncio.to_thread(
    101         as_numpy_array_wrapper,
--> [102](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/virtual_tiff/imagecodecs.py:102)         self._codec.decode,
    103         chunk_bytes,
    104         chunk_spec.prototype,
    105     )

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/functools.py:1025, in cached_property.__get__(self, instance, owner)
   1023 val = cache.get(self.attrname, _NOT_FOUND)
   1024 if val is _NOT_FOUND:
-> [1025](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/functools.py:1025)     val = self.func(instance)
   1026     try:
   1027         cache[self.attrname] = val

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/virtual_tiff/imagecodecs.py:74, in _ImageCodecsCodec._codec(self)
     72 codec_config = self.codec_config["configuration"]
     73 codec_config["id"] = self.codec_config["name"]
---> [74](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/virtual_tiff/imagecodecs.py:74) return numcodecs.get_codec(codec_config)

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/numcodecs/registry.py:53, in get_codec(config)
     51     register_codec(cls, codec_id=codec_id)
     52 if cls:
---> [53](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/numcodecs/registry.py:53)     return cls.from_config(config)
     54 raise UnknownCodecError(f"{codec_id!r}")

File ~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/numcodecs/abc.py:106, in Codec.from_config(cls, config)
     98 """Instantiate codec from a configuration object."""
     99 # N.B., assume at this point the 'id' field has been removed from
    100 # the config object
    101 
   (...)    104 # by default, assume constructor accepts configuration parameters as
    105 # keyword arguments without any special decoding
--> [106](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/Users/scotthenderson/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/~/GitHub/cresst/solus-stac/.pixi/envs/default/lib/python3.13/site-packages/numcodecs/abc.py:106) return cls(**config)

TypeError: Lzw.__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'name'

[TomNicholas]

Bypassing virtualizarr / icechunk and opening a manifest_store directly works fine.

Can you load the contents of the ManifestStore?

[scottyhq]

Can you load the contents of the ManifestStore?

I'm not quite sure what you mean? I thought that's what I was doing with the first part of the example above (this works as I expect and decodes the LZW compressed bytes):

ds = xr.open_zarr(manifest_store, zarr_format=3, consolidated=False)
ds.load()

Definitely happy to provide more details if it helps! I'm still learning my way around some of the new API and names.

[TomNicholas]

Sorry - I skimmed it too quickly - yes that is exactly what I meant.

That's really weird though - if the codec discovery is fine in VirtualiZarr how does it suddenly become not fine in Icechunk... 😕

cc @maxrjones @d-v-b

[maxrjones]

Thanks for the issue @scottyhq. This was fixed by virtual-zarr/virtual-tiff#72. I'm working on a bigger refactor of the codec handling in virtual-tiff based on zarr-developers/zarr-python#3332 to make these mistakes less likely, though the codecs situation in Virtual TIFF will remain somewhat fragile until we have the imagecodecs codecs standardized as zarr extensions.