Harden chain depth bounds and parser input validation #3406

Job	Run time
make check (--enable-sm2 --enable-sm3 --enable-sm4-gcm --enable-sm4-ccm --enable-sha3)	59s
make check (--enable-sm2 --enable-sm3 --enable-sm4-ecb --enable-sm4-cbc --enable-sm4-ctr --enable...	1m 2s
make check (--enable-all --enable-sm2 --enable-sm3 --enable-sm4-ecb --enable-sm4-cbc --enable-sm4...	2m 42s
	4m 43s

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