Harden chain depth bounds and parser input validation #7351

Job	Run time
build library (--enable-intelasm --enable-sp-asm)	44s
build library (--disable-asm --enable-mlkem --enable-lms --enable-xmss --enable-mldsa)	44s
build library (--disable-asm)	42s
build library (--disable-asm --enable-all-crypto --enable-mlkem --enable-lms --enable-xmss --enab...	1m 7s
build library (--enable-intelasm --enable-sp-asm --enable-all-crypto --enable-mlkem --enable-lms ...	1m 1s
build library (--enable-intelasm --enable-sp-asm --enable-mlkem --enable-lms --enable-xmss --enab...	38s
	4m 56s

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