Split core `vortex-duckdb` from the extension to reduce build overhead #32118

Job	Run time
Python (test)	2m 16s
lint-toml	8s
Python (lint)	37s
Rust (docs)	2m 35s
Rust (lint)	2m 10s
validate-workflow-yaml	6s
Java	2m 35s
Rust build (with tokio dispatcher)	49s
WASM integration smoke test	5m 43s
License Check and Audit Check (bans licenses sources)	48s
Check build with minimal dependencies	2m 2s
Rust tests (linux-arm64)	4m 31s
C API test build	41s
Rust (lint, no default)	2m 27s
Check generated source files are up to date	44s
License Check and Audit Check (advisories)	49s
Rust build (wasm32 with default features)	1m 1s
Rust build (all-features)	2m 50s
SQL logic tests	1m 42s
Rust tests (windows-x64)	8m 16s
Rust build (default features)	2m 49s
C++ build	1m 23s
C/C++ (lint)	11s
	47m 13s

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