diff --git a/src/core/focusManager.ts b/src/core/focusManager.ts
index 0a207bb..45d1acc 100644
--- a/src/core/focusManager.ts
+++ b/src/core/focusManager.ts
@@ -273,60 +273,34 @@ const updateFocusPath = (
 let lastGlobalKeyPressTime = 0;
 let lastInputKey: string | number | undefined;
 
-const propagateKeyPress = (
+const isElementThrottled = (
+  elm: ElementNode,
+  sameKey: boolean,
+  currentTime: number,
+): boolean =>
+  elm.throttleInput !== undefined &&
+  sameKey &&
+  elm._lastAnyKeyPressTime !== undefined &&
+  currentTime - elm._lastAnyKeyPressTime < elm.throttleInput;
+
+// Walk focus path root→leaf. Returns true if a capture handler claimed the
+// event (or an element on the path is currently rate-limited).
+const runCapturePhase = (
+  fp: ElementNode[],
   e: KeyboardEvent,
-  mappedEvent?: string,
-  isHold: boolean = false,
-  isUp: boolean = false,
+  mappedEvent: string | undefined,
+  isUp: boolean,
+  sameKey: boolean,
+  currentTime: number,
 ): boolean => {
-  const currentTime = performance.now();
-  const key = e.key || e.keyCode;
-  const sameKey = lastInputKey === key;
-  lastInputKey = key;
-
-  if (!isUp && Config.throttleInput) {
-    if (
-      sameKey &&
-      currentTime - lastGlobalKeyPressTime < Config.throttleInput
-    ) {
-      if (isDev && Config.keyDebug) {
-        console.log(
-          `Keypress throttled by global Config.throttleInput: ${Config.throttleInput}ms`,
-        );
-      }
-      return false;
-    }
-    lastGlobalKeyPressTime = currentTime;
-  }
-
-  // Record the key for focus-history attribution (keyup presses don't trigger focus changes)
-  if (!isUp) {
-    _pendingHistoryKey = { keyPressed: key, mappedKey: mappedEvent };
-  }
-
-  const fp = focusPath();
-  const numItems = fp.length;
-  if (numItems === 0) return false;
-
-  let handlerAvailable: ElementNode | undefined;
   const finalFocusElm = fp[0]!;
   const keyBase = mappedEvent || e.key;
   const captureEvent = `onCapture${keyBase}${isUp ? 'Release' : ''}`;
   const captureKey = isUp ? 'onCaptureKeyRelease' : 'onCaptureKey';
 
-  for (let i = numItems - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+  for (let i = fp.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
     const elm = fp[i]!;
-
-    // Check throttle for capture phase
-    if (elm.throttleInput) {
-      if (
-        sameKey &&
-        elm._lastAnyKeyPressTime !== undefined &&
-        currentTime - elm._lastAnyKeyPressTime < elm.throttleInput
-      ) {
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
+    if (isElementThrottled(elm, sameKey, currentTime)) return true;
 
     const captureHandler = elm[captureEvent] || elm[captureKey];
     if (
@@ -337,73 +311,121 @@ const propagateKeyPress = (
       return true;
     }
   }
+  return false;
+};
 
-  let eventHandlerKey: string | undefined;
-  let fallbackHandlerKey: 'onKeyHold' | 'onKeyPress' | undefined;
-
-  if (mappedEvent) {
-    eventHandlerKey = isUp ? `on${mappedEvent}Release` : `on${mappedEvent}`;
-  }
-
-  if (!isUp) {
-    fallbackHandlerKey = isHold ? 'onKeyHold' : 'onKeyPress';
-  }
-
-  for (let i = 0; i < numItems; i++) {
+// Walk focus path leaf→root. Returns whether the event was handled and the
+// last element that had *any* matching handler (for the no-handler debug log).
+const runBubblePhase = (
+  fp: ElementNode[],
+  e: KeyboardEvent,
+  mappedEvent: string | undefined,
+  isHold: boolean,
+  isUp: boolean,
+  sameKey: boolean,
+  currentTime: number,
+): { handled: boolean; lastHandlerSeen: ElementNode | undefined } => {
+  const finalFocusElm = fp[0]!;
+  const eventHandlerKey = mappedEvent
+    ? isUp
+      ? `on${mappedEvent}Release`
+      : `on${mappedEvent}`
+    : undefined;
+  const fallbackHandlerKey: 'onKeyHold' | 'onKeyPress' | undefined = isUp
+    ? undefined
+    : isHold
+      ? 'onKeyHold'
+      : 'onKeyPress';
+
+  let lastHandlerSeen: ElementNode | undefined;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < fp.length; i++) {
     const elm = fp[i]!;
-
-    // Check throttle for bubbling phase
-    if (elm.throttleInput) {
-      if (
-        sameKey &&
-        elm._lastAnyKeyPressTime !== undefined &&
-        currentTime - elm._lastAnyKeyPressTime < elm.throttleInput
-      ) {
-        return true;
-      }
+    if (isElementThrottled(elm, sameKey, currentTime)) {
+      return { handled: true, lastHandlerSeen };
     }
 
     let handled = false;
-
     if (eventHandlerKey) {
       const eventHandler = elm[eventHandlerKey];
       if (isFunction(eventHandler)) {
-        handlerAvailable = elm;
-        if (eventHandler.call(elm, e, elm, finalFocusElm) === true) {
-          handled = true;
-        }
+        lastHandlerSeen = elm;
+        handled = eventHandler.call(elm, e, elm, finalFocusElm) === true;
       }
     }
-
-    // Check for the fallback handler if its key is defined and not already handled by specific key handler
     if (!handled && fallbackHandlerKey) {
       const fallbackHandler = elm[fallbackHandlerKey];
       if (isFunction(fallbackHandler)) {
-        handlerAvailable = elm;
-        if (
-          fallbackHandler.call(elm, e, mappedEvent, elm, finalFocusElm) === true
-        ) {
-          handled = true;
-        }
+        lastHandlerSeen = elm;
+        handled =
+          fallbackHandler.call(elm, e, mappedEvent, elm, finalFocusElm) ===
+          true;
       }
     }
 
     if (handled) {
       elm._lastAnyKeyPressTime = currentTime;
-      return true;
+      return { handled: true, lastHandlerSeen };
     }
   }
+  return { handled: false, lastHandlerSeen };
+};
+
+const propagateKeyPress = (
+  e: KeyboardEvent,
+  mappedEvent?: string,
+  isHold: boolean = false,
+  isUp: boolean = false,
+): boolean => {
+  const currentTime = performance.now();
+  const key = e.key || e.keyCode;
+  const sameKey = lastInputKey === key;
+  lastInputKey = key;
+
+  if (!isUp && Config.throttleInput) {
+    if (
+      sameKey &&
+      currentTime - lastGlobalKeyPressTime < Config.throttleInput
+    ) {
+      if (isDev && Config.keyDebug) {
+        console.log(
+          `Keypress throttled by global Config.throttleInput: ${Config.throttleInput}ms`,
+        );
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+    lastGlobalKeyPressTime = currentTime;
+  }
+
+  // Keyup events don't trigger focus changes, so don't record their key.
+  if (!isUp) {
+    _pendingHistoryKey = { keyPressed: key, mappedKey: mappedEvent };
+  }
+
+  const fp = focusPath();
+  if (fp.length === 0) return false;
+
+  if (runCapturePhase(fp, e, mappedEvent, isUp, sameKey, currentTime)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const { handled, lastHandlerSeen } = runBubblePhase(
+    fp,
+    e,
+    mappedEvent,
+    isHold,
+    isUp,
+    sameKey,
+    currentTime,
+  );
+  if (handled) return true;
 
   if (isDev && Config.keyDebug && !isUp) {
-    if (handlerAvailable) {
-      console.log(
-        `Keypress bubbled, key="${e.key}", mappedEvent=${mappedEvent}, isHold=${isHold}, isUp=${isUp}`,
-        handlerAvailable,
-      );
+    const detail = `key="${e.key}", mappedEvent=${mappedEvent}, isHold=${isHold}, isUp=${isUp}`;
+    if (lastHandlerSeen) {
+      console.log(`Keypress bubbled, ${detail}`, lastHandlerSeen);
     } else {
-      console.log(
-        `No event handler available for keypress: key="${e.key}", mappedEvent=${mappedEvent}, isHold=${isHold}, isUp=${isUp}`,
-      );
+      console.log(`No event handler available for keypress: ${detail}`);
     }
   }