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Limitations

Cerberus CT is an early-warning system. It does not prove abuse by itself.

CT limitations

  • CT logs show certificate issuance, not domain registration.
  • A domain may exist long before a certificate appears.
  • Not every suspicious domain will obtain a public TLS certificate immediately.
  • Some certificates contain many SAN domains, which can create repeated signals.

Detection limitations

  • Keyword findings can be noisy.
  • Brand matches can be noisy for generic brand terms.
  • Edit-distance typosquat checks are useful but not a complete phishing classifier.
  • Homoglyph and IDN alerts require manual review.
  • Composition findings are heuristics. They improve ranking, but they do not prove phishing intent.

DNS and takeover limitations

  • DNS state changes quickly.
  • NXDOMAIN or no-answer results may be temporary.
  • Subdomain takeover depends on provider-specific behavior.
  • Takeover findings are candidates and require verification.
  • A CNAME to a third-party provider is not enough to prove takeover risk.
  • The provider fingerprint list is maintained from a community dataset and should be reviewed regularly.

Operational limitations

  • Watch webhook output uses a local durable outbox with at-least-once delivery. Receivers should deduplicate repeated payloads.
  • Watch mode uses a local JSON state file, not a shared database.
  • The project is not packaged as a Windows service or systemd unit yet.