math_module.md

Demonstration of Python math Module Functions

The usage of various functions available in Python's math module.

Constants

The math module provides several mathematical constants:

• π (pi): The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
• e: The base of natural logarithms.
• τ (tau): The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its radius (2π).
• inf: Represents positive infinity.
• nan: Represents a floating-point "Not a Number" value.

import math

print("Math Constants:")
print(f"math.pi: {math.pi}")
print(f"math.e: {math.e}")
print(f"math.tau: {math.tau}")
print(f"math.inf: {math.inf}")
print(f"math.nan: {math.nan}")
print()

Trigonometric Functions

These functions are used to perform trigonometric calculations:

• sin(x): Returns the sine of x radians.
• cos(x): Returns the cosine of x radians.
• tan(x): Returns the tangent of x radians.
• asin(x): Returns the arc sine of x.
• acos(x): Returns the arc cosine of x.
• atan(x): Returns the arc tangent of x.

angle = math.pi / 4  # 45 degrees

print("Trigonometric Functions:")
print(f"math.sin({angle}): {math.sin(angle)}")
print(f"math.cos({angle}): {math.cos(angle)}")
print(f"math.tan({angle}): {math.tan(angle)}")
print(f"math.asin(1): {math.asin(1)}")
print(f"math.acos(1): {math.acos(1)}")
print(f"math.atan(1): {math.atan(1)}")
print()

Hyperbolic Functions

These functions are used to perform hyperbolic calculations:

• sinh(x): Returns the hyperbolic sine of x.
• cosh(x): Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.
• tanh(x): Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x.

x = 1

print("Hyperbolic Functions:")
print(f"math.sinh({x}): {math.sinh(x)}")
print(f"math.cosh({x}): {math.cosh(x)}")
print(f"math.tanh({x}): {math.tanh(x)}")
print()

Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

These functions are used for exponential and logarithmic calculations:

• exp(x): Returns e raised to the power of x.
• log(x): Returns the natural logarithm of x.
• log10(x): Returns the base-10 logarithm of x.
• log2(x): Returns the base-2 logarithm of x.

print("Exponential and Logarithmic Functions:")
print(f"math.exp(1): {math.exp(1)}")
print(f"math.log(1): {math.log(1)}")
print(f"math.log(math.e): {math.log(math.e)}")
print(f"math.log10(100): {math.log10(100)}")
print(f"math.log2(1024): {math.log2(1024)}")
print()

Power Functions

These functions are used for power calculations:

• pow(x, y): Returns x raised to the power of y.
• sqrt(x): Returns the square root of x.
• isqrt(x): Returns the integer square root of x.

print("Power Functions:")
print(f"math.pow(2, 3): {math.pow(2, 3)}")
print(f"math.sqrt(16): {math.sqrt(16)}")
print(f"math.isqrt(16): {math.isqrt(16)}")
print()

Rounding Functions

These functions are used for rounding numbers:

• ceil(x): Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.
• floor(x): Returns the largest integer less than or equal to x.
• trunc(x): Returns the truncated integer value of x.

print("Rounding Functions:")
print(f"math.ceil(4.2): {math.ceil(4.2)}")
print(f"math.floor(4.8): {math.floor(4.8)}")
print(f"math.trunc(4.8): {math.trunc(4.8)}")
print()

Other Functions

These functions perform various other mathematical operations:

• fabs(x): Returns the absolute value of x.
• factorial(x): Returns the factorial of x.
• gcd(x, y): Returns the greatest common divisor of x and y.
• isclose(a, b): Returns True if the values a and b are close to each other.
• isfinite(x): Returns True if x is neither an infinity nor a NaN.
• isnan(x): Returns True if x is a NaN.

print("Other Functions:")
print(f"math.fabs(-5): {math.fabs(-5)}")
print(f"math.factorial(5): {math.factorial(5)}")
print(f"math.gcd(48, 18): {math.gcd(48, 18)}")
print(f"math.isclose(1.0, 1.0): {math.isclose(1.0, 1.0)}")
print(f"math.isfinite(1.0): {math.isfinite(1.0)}")
print(f"math.isnan(math.nan): {math.isnan(math.nan)}")
print()

---

© Pranav Mehendale, Yashashri Computers, Kothrud, Pune 2024. All rights reserved. This material is for non-commercial use only.

---