module_2.json

{
  "flashcards": [
    {
      "id": 1,
      "term": "Siddhartha Gautama",
      "definition": "Founder of Buddhism, also known as 'The Buddha' or 'The Awakened One'."
    },
    {
      "id": 2,
      "term": "Four Noble Truths",
      "definition": "Core Buddhist teachings about suffering, its cause, its cessation, and the Eightfold Path to enlightenment."
    },
    {
      "id": 3,
      "term": "Eightfold Path",
      "definition": "A guide to ethical and mental development in Buddhism, leading to the cessation of suffering and enlightenment."
    },
    {
      "id": 4,
      "term": "Anatta (Anatman)",
      "definition": "The Buddhist doctrine of 'Not-Self', rejecting the idea of a permanent, unchanging self."
    },
    {
      "id": 5,
      "term": "Theravada Buddhism",
      "definition": "The 'Way of the Elders'; a more conservative branch of Buddhism focused on monastic life and individual enlightenment."
    },
    {
      "id": 6,
      "term": "Mahayana Buddhism",
      "definition": "A branch of Buddhism that emphasizes the role of the Bodhisattva and collective liberation."
    },
    {
      "id": 7,
      "term": "Vajrayana Buddhism",
      "definition": "A form of Mahayana Buddhism practiced mainly in Tibet and Mongolia, incorporating tantric practices."
    },
    {
      "id": 8,
      "term": "Confucius (Kongzi)",
      "definition": "Founder of Confucianism, emphasized moral virtue, proper social relationships, and education."
    },
    {
      "id": 9,
      "term": "Ren (仁)",
      "definition": "Confucian concept of benevolence, kindness, and humaneness towards others."
    },
    {
      "id": 10,
      "term": "Li (禮)",
      "definition": "Confucian principle of ritual propriety, ensuring social harmony through proper conduct."
    },
    {
      "id": 11,
      "term": "Dao (The Way)",
      "definition": "The fundamental concept in Daoism, representing the natural order and flow of the universe."
    },
    {
      "id": 12,
      "term": "Wu Wei (無為)",
      "definition": "A Daoist principle of effortless action, acting in harmony with the natural flow of the Dao."
    },
    {
      "id": 13,
      "term": "Yin and Yang",
      "definition": "A Daoist concept of dualism, describing how opposite forces are interconnected and interdependent."
    },
    {
      "id": 14,
      "term": "Zhuangzi",
      "definition": "A Daoist philosopher who emphasized spontaneity, skepticism of conventional knowledge, and the relativity of perspectives."
    },
    {
      "id": 15,
      "term": "Xunzi",
      "definition": "A Confucian philosopher who believed human nature is inherently bad and must be cultivated through education and ritual."
    },
    {
      "id": 16,
      "term": "Mengzi (Mencius)",
      "definition": "A Confucian philosopher who believed human nature is inherently good and needs proper cultivation."
    },
    {
      "id": 17,
      "term": "Vedas",
      "definition": "Ancient Hindu scriptures containing hymns, philosophy, and rituals central to Hindu beliefs."
    },
    {
      "id": 18,
      "term": "Upanishads",
      "definition": "Philosophical texts that explore the nature of reality, Brahman, and Atman in Hinduism."
    },
    {
      "id": 19,
      "term": "Bhagavad Gita",
      "definition": "A sacred Hindu text that is part of the Mahabharata, presenting teachings on duty, righteousness, and devotion."
    },
    {
      "id": 20,
      "term": "Brahman",
      "definition": "The ultimate reality in Hinduism, transcendent and immanent, beyond all distinctions."
    },
    {
      "id": 21,
      "term": "Atman",
      "definition": "The true self or soul in Hinduism, ultimately identical to Brahman."
    },
    {
      "id": 22,
      "term": "Samsara",
      "definition": "The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth in Hinduism and Buddhism."
    },
    {
      "id": 23,
      "term": "Moksha",
      "definition": "The ultimate goal in Hinduism, signifying liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara)."
    },
    {
      "id": 24,
      "term": "Karma",
      "definition": "The law of cosmic justice; actions determine future consequences in Hinduism and Buddhism."
    },
    {
      "id": 25,
      "term": "Dharma",
      "definition": "The duty, righteousness, and moral law governing an individual's life in Hinduism and Buddhism."
    },
    {
      "id": 26,
      "term": "Bodhisattva",
      "definition": "In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones Nirvana to help others attain enlightenment."
    },
    {
      "id": 27,
      "term": "Shunyata (Emptiness)",
      "definition": "A key Mahayana Buddhist concept stating that all things are void of intrinsic existence."
    },
    {
      "id": 28,
      "term": "Junzi (君子)",
      "definition": "Confucian term for the 'superior person' who embodies virtue and moral integrity."
    },
    {
      "id": 29,
      "term": "Tian (天)",
      "definition": "The concept of Heaven in Confucianism, representing cosmic order and moral authority."
    },
    {
      "id": 30,
      "term": "Daoism vs. Confucianism",
      "definition": "Daoism emphasizes harmony with nature and spontaneity, while Confucianism focuses on social harmony through moral cultivation."
    },
    {
      "id": 31,
      "term": "Avatars of Vishnu",
      "definition": "The ten earthly incarnations of the Hindu god Vishnu, including Krishna and Rama."
    },
    {
      "id": 32,
      "term": "The Three Gunas",
      "definition": "Hindu philosophical concept of three fundamental qualities: Sattva (purity), Rajas (passion), and Tamas (inertia)."
    },
    {
      "id": 33,
      "term": "Mandate of Heaven",
      "definition": "A Chinese philosophical concept that a ruler's legitimacy is granted by divine authority, but can be revoked if they fail to govern justly."
    },
    {
      "id": 34,
      "term": "Legalism",
      "definition": "A Chinese political philosophy emphasizing strict laws and harsh punishments to maintain order."
    },
    {
      "id": 35,
      "term": "Pure Land Buddhism",
      "definition": "A Mahayana Buddhist tradition that teaches salvation through faith in the Buddha Amitabha and rebirth in the Pure Land."
    }
  ]
}