diff --git a/cmd/prometheus/main_test.go b/cmd/prometheus/main_test.go
index fa99000cd04..7d97f0c5f6c 100644
--- a/cmd/prometheus/main_test.go
+++ b/cmd/prometheus/main_test.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package main
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/promslog"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/atomic"
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/config"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
@@ -818,3 +820,95 @@ scrape_configs:
 		t.Fatal("Timeout waiting for target to be scraped")
 	}
 }
+
+func cpFile(t *testing.T, dst, src string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(src)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(dst, data, 0o644))
+}
+
+// TestClientTLSCertRotationWithoutCAFile checks that scrapes keep working after
+// a client cert rotation when no ca_file is configured (cert_file + key_file only).
+// Regression test for: https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/16622.
+func TestClientTLSCertRotationWithoutCAFile(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// The target starts serving an extra metric after client cert rotation.
+	// If the scrape recovers, the new series should get ingested.
+	var clientCertRotated atomic.Bool
+	target := httptest.NewUnstartedServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "test_up 1")
+		if clientCertRotated.Load() {
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, "test_after_rotation 1")
+		}
+	}))
+	target.TLS = &tls.Config{
+		ClientAuth: tls.RequireAnyClientCert,
+	}
+	target.StartTLS()
+	defer target.Close()
+
+	clientCertFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "client.cer")
+	clientKeyFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "client.key")
+	cpFile(t, clientCertFile, filepath.Join("..", "..", "scrape", "testdata", "client.cer"))
+	cpFile(t, clientKeyFile, filepath.Join("..", "..", "scrape", "testdata", "client.key"))
+
+	port := testutil.RandomUnprivilegedPort(t)
+	configFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "prometheus.yml")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(configFile, fmt.Appendf(nil, `
+scrape_configs:
+  - job_name: target
+    scrape_interval: 1s
+    scheme: https
+    static_configs:
+      - targets: ['%s']
+    tls_config:
+      cert_file: %s
+      key_file: %s
+      insecure_skip_verify: true
+`, target.Listener.Addr().String(), clientCertFile, clientKeyFile), 0o644))
+
+	prom := prometheusCommandWithLogging(t, configFile, port,
+		"--storage.tsdb.path="+filepath.Join(tmpDir, "data"))
+	require.NoError(t, prom.Start())
+
+	promURL := "http://localhost:" + strconv.Itoa(port)
+	const headSeriesCreated = "prometheus_tsdb_head_series_created_total"
+
+	getHeadSeriesCreated := func() (float64, error) {
+		r, err := http.Get(promURL + "/metrics")
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		defer r.Body.Close()
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		return getMetricValue(t, bytes.NewReader(b), model.MetricTypeCounter, headSeriesCreated)
+	}
+
+	// Wait for at least one scrape to ingest series.
+	var seriesCreatedBeforeRotation float64
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		v, err := getHeadSeriesCreated()
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		seriesCreatedBeforeRotation = v
+		return seriesCreatedBeforeRotation > 0
+	}, startupTime, 500*time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Overwrite client cert files (content doesn't matter) to trigger a
+	// transport rebuild.
+	cpFile(t, clientCertFile, filepath.Join("..", "..", "scrape", "testdata", "server.cer"))
+	cpFile(t, clientKeyFile, filepath.Join("..", "..", "scrape", "testdata", "server.key"))
+	clientCertRotated.Store(true)
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		v, err := getHeadSeriesCreated()
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		return v > seriesCreatedBeforeRotation
+	}, 5*time.Second, 1*time.Second, "scrape should keep working after cert rotation")
+}
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 272f633f304..65f8df75f53 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -221,3 +221,6 @@ exclude (
 replace github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.8.0 => github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0
 
 replace google.golang.org/grpc => github.com/openshift-sustaining/grpc-go v1.75.1-sec.1
+
+// Carry fix for https://redhat.atlassian.net/browse/OCPBUGS-62118: TLS cert rotation failing without ca_file
+replace github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0 => github.com/machine424/prometheus-common v0.0.0-20260519225033-cca8fa415d7e
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 06146c6e23c..3f4286f29da 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1367,6 +1367,8 @@ github.com/lyft/protoc-gen-star v0.6.1/go.mod h1:TGAoBVkt8w7MPG72TrKIu85MIdXwDuz
 github.com/lyft/protoc-gen-star/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:RcCdONR2ScXaYnQC5tUzxzlpA3WVYF7/opLeUgcQs/o=
 github.com/lyft/protoc-gen-star/v2 v2.0.3/go.mod h1:amey7yeodaJhXSbf/TlLvWiqQfLOSpEk//mLlc+axEk=
 github.com/lyft/protoc-gen-star/v2 v2.0.4-0.20230330145011-496ad1ac90a4/go.mod h1:amey7yeodaJhXSbf/TlLvWiqQfLOSpEk//mLlc+axEk=
+github.com/machine424/prometheus-common v0.0.0-20260519225033-cca8fa415d7e h1:W/VHB1RFlU9TkBKXDKI+px5ItAJClZ0pEHDeXRl5sGI=
+github.com/machine424/prometheus-common v0.0.0-20260519225033-cca8fa415d7e/go.mod h1:vyBcEuLSvWos9B1+CyL7JZ2up+uFzXhkqml0W5zIY1I=
 github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 h1:UGYAvKxe3sBsEDzO8ZeWOSlIQfWFlxbzLZe7hwFURr0=
 github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7/go.mod h1:xzfreul335JAWq5oZzymOObrkdz5UnU4kGfJJLY9Nlc=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.0.9/go.mod h1:9vuHe8Xs5qXnSaW/c/ABM9alt+Vo+STaOChaDxuIBZU=
@@ -1544,8 +1546,6 @@ github.com/prometheus/common v0.2.0/go.mod h1:TNfzLD0ON7rHzMJeJkieUDPYmFC7Snx/y8
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.4.1/go.mod h1:TNfzLD0ON7rHzMJeJkieUDPYmFC7Snx/y86RQel1bk4=
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.7.0/go.mod h1:DjGbpBbp5NYNiECxcL/VnbXCCaQpKd3tt26CguLLsqA=
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.9.1/go.mod h1:yhUN8i9wzaXS3w1O07YhxHEBxD+W35wd8bs7vj7HSQ4=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0 h1:xasJaQlnWAeyHdUBeGjXmutelfJHWMRr+Fg4QszZ2Io=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0/go.mod h1:vyBcEuLSvWos9B1+CyL7JZ2up+uFzXhkqml0W5zIY1I=
 github.com/prometheus/common/assets v0.2.0 h1:0P5OrzoHrYBOSM1OigWL3mY8ZvV2N4zIE/5AahrSrfM=
 github.com/prometheus/common/assets v0.2.0/go.mod h1:D17UVUE12bHbim7HzwUvtqm6gwBEaDQ0F+hIGbFbccI=
 github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit v0.13.2 h1:Z02fYtbqTMy2i/f+xZ+UK5jy/bl1Ex3ndzh06T/Q9DQ=
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/prometheus/common/config/http_config.go b/vendor/github.com/prometheus/common/config/http_config.go
index 63809083aca..68ed977d0a7 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/prometheus/common/config/http_config.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/prometheus/common/config/http_config.go
@@ -1368,7 +1368,7 @@ func (t *tlsRoundTripper) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 	rt := t.rt
 	t.mtx.RUnlock()
 	if equal {
-		// The CA cert hasn't changed, use the existing RoundTripper.
+		// The TLS materials (CA, cert, key) haven't changed, use the existing RoundTripper.
 		return rt.RoundTrip(req)
 	}
 
@@ -1376,7 +1376,7 @@ func (t *tlsRoundTripper) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 	// The cert and key files are read separately by the client
 	// using GetClientCertificate.
 	tlsConfig := t.tlsConfig.Clone()
-	if !updateRootCA(tlsConfig, caData) {
+	if t.settings.CA != nil && !updateRootCA(tlsConfig, caData) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to use specified CA cert %s", t.settings.CA.Description())
 	}
 	rt, err = t.newRT(tlsConfig)
diff --git a/vendor/modules.txt b/vendor/modules.txt
index 1740f87efc5..a944919aafa 100644
--- a/vendor/modules.txt
+++ b/vendor/modules.txt
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/testutil/promlint/validations
 # github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1
 ## explicit; go 1.19
 github.com/prometheus/client_model/go
-# github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0
+# github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0 => github.com/machine424/prometheus-common v0.0.0-20260519225033-cca8fa415d7e
 ## explicit; go 1.21
 github.com/prometheus/common/config
 github.com/prometheus/common/expfmt