diff --git a/src/VariantIdentifier.php b/src/VariantIdentifier.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5136b49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/VariantIdentifier.php
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace MLL\Utils;
+
+use function Safe\preg_match;
+
+class VariantIdentifier
+{
+    public GenomicPosition $genomicPosition;
+
+    public DnaSequence $reference;
+
+    public DnaSequence $alternate;
+
+    public function __construct(GenomicPosition $genomicPosition, DnaSequence $reference, DnaSequence $alternate)
+    {
+        $this->genomicPosition = $genomicPosition;
+        $this->reference = $reference;
+        $this->alternate = $alternate;
+    }
+
+    public static function parse(string $value): self
+    {
+        if (strpos($value, '/') !== false) {
+            return self::parseCanonical($value);
+        }
+
+        return self::parseDash($value);
+    }
+
+    public function toString(VariantIdentifierFormat $format, NamingConvention $namingConvention): string
+    {
+        $chromosome = $this->genomicPosition->chromosome->toString($namingConvention);
+        $position = $this->genomicPosition->position;
+        $ref = $this->reference->toString();
+        $alt = $this->alternate->toString();
+
+        switch ($format->value) {
+            case VariantIdentifierFormat::DASH:
+                return "{$chromosome}-{$position}-{$ref}-{$alt}";
+            case VariantIdentifierFormat::CANONICAL:
+                return "{$chromosome}-{$position}-{$ref}/{$alt}";
+            case VariantIdentifierFormat::TAB:
+                return "{$chromosome}\t{$position}\t{$ref}\t{$alt}";
+            default:
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException("No toString logic implemented for format: {$format->value}.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static function parseCanonical(string $value): self
+    {
+        if (preg_match('/^(.+)-(\d+)-([ATGC]+)\/([ATGC]+)$/i', $value, $matches) === 0) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException("Invalid canonical variant identifier format: {$value}.");
+        }
+
+        assert(isset($matches[1], $matches[2], $matches[3], $matches[4]));
+
+        return new self(
+            new GenomicPosition(new Chromosome($matches[1]), NucleotidePosition::fromOneBased(SafeCast::toInt($matches[2]))),
+            new DnaSequence($matches[3]),
+            new DnaSequence($matches[4])
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static function parseDash(string $value): self
+    {
+        if (preg_match('/^(.+)-(\d+)-([ATGC]+)-([ATGC]+)$/i', $value, $matches) === 0) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException("Invalid VCF variant identifier format: {$value}.");
+        }
+
+        assert(isset($matches[1], $matches[2], $matches[3], $matches[4]));
+
+        return new self(
+            new GenomicPosition(new Chromosome($matches[1]), NucleotidePosition::fromOneBased(SafeCast::toInt($matches[2]))),
+            new DnaSequence($matches[3]),
+            new DnaSequence($matches[4])
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/VariantIdentifierFormat.php b/src/VariantIdentifierFormat.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dffaab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/VariantIdentifierFormat.php
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace MLL\Utils;
+
+class VariantIdentifierFormat
+{
+    public const DASH = 'DASH';
+    public const CANONICAL = 'CANONICAL';
+    public const TAB = 'TAB';
+
+    public string $value;
+
+    public function __construct(string $value)
+    {
+        switch ($value) {
+            case self::DASH:
+            case self::CANONICAL:
+            case self::TAB:
+                $this->value = $value;
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException("Invalid variant identifier format: {$value}.");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/VariantIdentifierTest.php b/tests/VariantIdentifierTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6e2236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/VariantIdentifierTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace MLL\Utils\Tests;
+
+use MLL\Utils\Chromosome;
+use MLL\Utils\DnaSequence;
+use MLL\Utils\GenomicPosition;
+use MLL\Utils\NamingConvention;
+use MLL\Utils\NucleotidePosition;
+use MLL\Utils\VariantIdentifier;
+use MLL\Utils\VariantIdentifierFormat;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class VariantIdentifierTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public function testConstructAndToStringVCF(): void
+    {
+        $variant = new VariantIdentifier(
+            new GenomicPosition(new Chromosome('chr1'), NucleotidePosition::fromOneBased(12345)),
+            new DnaSequence('A'),
+            new DnaSequence('T')
+        );
+
+        self::assertSame(
+            'chr1-12345-A-T',
+            $variant->toString(new VariantIdentifierFormat(VariantIdentifierFormat::DASH), new NamingConvention(NamingConvention::UCSC))
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function testConstructAndToStringCanonical(): void
+    {
+        $variant = new VariantIdentifier(
+            new GenomicPosition(new Chromosome('chr1'), NucleotidePosition::fromOneBased(12345)),
+            new DnaSequence('A'),
+            new DnaSequence('ATT')
+        );
+
+        self::assertSame(
+            'chr1-12345-A/ATT',
+            $variant->toString(new VariantIdentifierFormat(VariantIdentifierFormat::CANONICAL), new NamingConvention(NamingConvention::UCSC))
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function testToStringEnsembl(): void
+    {
+        $variant = new VariantIdentifier(
+            new GenomicPosition(new Chromosome('chrX'), NucleotidePosition::fromOneBased(99999)),
+            new DnaSequence('GC'),
+            new DnaSequence('A')
+        );
+
+        self::assertSame(
+            'X-99999-GC-A',
+            $variant->toString(new VariantIdentifierFormat(VariantIdentifierFormat::DASH), new NamingConvention(NamingConvention::ENSEMBL))
+        );
+        self::assertSame(
+            'X-99999-GC/A',
+            $variant->toString(new VariantIdentifierFormat(VariantIdentifierFormat::CANONICAL), new NamingConvention(NamingConvention::ENSEMBL))
+        );
+    }
+
+    /** @dataProvider parseVCFProvider */
+    #[DataProvider('parseVCFProvider')]
+    public function testParseVCF(string $input, string $expectedChromosome, int $expectedPosition, string $expectedRef, string $expectedAlt): void
+    {
+        $variant = VariantIdentifier::parse($input);
+
+        self::assertSame($expectedChromosome, $variant->genomicPosition->chromosome->value());
+        self::assertSame($expectedPosition, $variant->genomicPosition->position);
+        self::assertSame($expectedRef, $variant->reference->toString());
+        self::assertSame($expectedAlt, $variant->alternate->toString());
+    }
+
+    /** @return iterable<string, array{string, string, int, string, string}> */
+    public static function parseVCFProvider(): iterable
+    {
+        yield 'SNV with chr prefix' => ['chr1-12345-A-T', '1', 12345, 'A', 'T'];
+        yield 'SNV without chr prefix' => ['1-12345-A-T', '1', 12345, 'A', 'T'];
+        yield 'deletion' => ['chr7-5000-ATG-A', '7', 5000, 'ATG', 'A'];
+        yield 'insertion' => ['chrX-99999-A-ATCG', 'X', 99999, 'A', 'ATCG'];
+        yield 'chromosome 22' => ['chr22-100-G-C', '22', 100, 'G', 'C'];
+        yield 'mitochondrial' => ['chrM-8000-T-C', 'M', 8000, 'T', 'C'];
+    }
+
+    /** @dataProvider parseCanonicalProvider */
+    #[DataProvider('parseCanonicalProvider')]
+    public function testParseCanonical(string $input, string $expectedChromosome, int $expectedPosition, string $expectedRef, string $expectedAlt): void
+    {
+        $variant = VariantIdentifier::parse($input);
+
+        self::assertSame($expectedChromosome, $variant->genomicPosition->chromosome->value());
+        self::assertSame($expectedPosition, $variant->genomicPosition->position);
+        self::assertSame($expectedRef, $variant->reference->toString());
+        self::assertSame($expectedAlt, $variant->alternate->toString());
+    }
+
+    /** @return iterable<string, array{string, string, int, string, string}> */
+    public static function parseCanonicalProvider(): iterable
+    {
+        yield 'SNV with chr prefix' => ['chr1-12345-A/T', '1', 12345, 'A', 'T'];
+        yield 'multi-base alternate' => ['chr1-12345-A/ATT', '1', 12345, 'A', 'ATT'];
+        yield 'without chr prefix' => ['12-500-G/CA', '12', 500, 'G', 'CA'];
+    }
+
+    public function testParseInvalidVCFThrows(): void
+    {
+        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+        VariantIdentifier::parse('invalid');
+    }
+
+    public function testParseInvalidCanonicalThrows(): void
+    {
+        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
+        VariantIdentifier::parse('invalid/stuff');
+    }
+
+    public function testRoundtripVCF(): void
+    {
+        $input = 'chr7-140753336-A-T';
+        $variant = VariantIdentifier::parse($input);
+
+        self::assertSame(
+            $input,
+            $variant->toString(new VariantIdentifierFormat(VariantIdentifierFormat::DASH), new NamingConvention(NamingConvention::UCSC))
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function testRoundtripCanonical(): void
+    {
+        $input = 'chr7-140753336-A/T';
+        $variant = VariantIdentifier::parse($input);
+
+        self::assertSame(
+            $input,
+            $variant->toString(new VariantIdentifierFormat(VariantIdentifierFormat::CANONICAL), new NamingConvention(NamingConvention::UCSC))
+        );
+    }
+}