diff --git a/src/Abstractions/Entities/EntityLockAcquisitionFailedException.cs b/src/Abstractions/Entities/EntityLockAcquisitionFailedException.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..785c1738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Abstractions/Entities/EntityLockAcquisitionFailedException.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+namespace Microsoft.DurableTask.Entities;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Exception that gets thrown when an entity operation fails with an unhandled exception.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// Detailed information associated with a particular operation failure, including exception details, can be found in the
+/// <see cref="FailureDetails"/> property.
+/// </remarks>
+public sealed class EntityLockAcquisitionFailedException : Exception
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="EntityLockAcquisitionFailedException"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="entityIds">The entity IDs being locked.</param>
+    /// <param name="failureDetails">The failure details.</param>
+    public EntityLockAcquisitionFailedException(IEnumerable<EntityInstanceId> entityIds, TaskFailureDetails failureDetails)
+        : base(GetExceptionMessage(entityIds, failureDetails))
+    {
+        this.EntityIds = entityIds;
+        this.FailureDetails = failureDetails;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the IDs of the entities for which the lock request was issued.
+    /// </summary>
+    public IEnumerable<EntityInstanceId> EntityIds { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the details of the task failure, including exception information.
+    /// </summary>
+    public TaskFailureDetails FailureDetails { get; }
+
+    static string GetExceptionMessage(IEnumerable<EntityInstanceId> entityIds, TaskFailureDetails failureDetails)
+    {
+        return $"Acquisition of locks for entities '{string.Join(",", entityIds)}' failed: {failureDetails.ErrorMessage}";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Worker/Core/Shims/TaskOrchestrationEntityContext.cs b/src/Worker/Core/Shims/TaskOrchestrationEntityContext.cs
index a5483073..7847f941 100644
--- a/src/Worker/Core/Shims/TaskOrchestrationEntityContext.cs
+++ b/src/Worker/Core/Shims/TaskOrchestrationEntityContext.cs
@@ -78,8 +78,14 @@ public override async Task<IAsyncDisposable> LockEntitiesAsync(IEnumerable<Entit
 
             this.wrapper.innerContext.SendEvent(entityMessageEvent.TargetInstance, entityMessageEvent.EventName, entityMessageEvent.AsRawInput());
 
-            OperationResult result = await this.wrapper.WaitForExternalEvent<OperationResult>(criticalSectionId.ToString());
-
+            OperationResult result = await this.wrapper.WaitForExternalEvent<OperationResult>(criticalSectionId.ToString());
+
+            if (result.IsError)
+            {
+                this.EntityContext.AbandonAcquire();
+                throw new EntityLockAcquisitionFailedException(entityIds, ConvertFailureDetails(result.FailureDetails!));
+            }
+
             this.EntityContext.CompleteAcquire(result, criticalSectionId);
 
             // return an IDisposable that releases the lock