Analyze ending and morphology to determine gender natively (German)

[jimdc]

A bit more complex than French, so better to do that first. Source comes from UMich and Jakub Marian.

Masculine word types:

• Most non-German rivers
• Makes (names) of cars, (exception: das Auto)
• Points on the compass
• Days, months, seasons, most weather, elements,
• Many instruments/things that do things (when these words end in -er or -or)
• Male people, male animals

Masculine word endings:

• Nouns: 'ig', 'ling', 'ant' (exception: das Restaurant), 'us', generally 'en', 'anz' (only monosyllabic), 'ast', 'er' (from verbs), 'ich', 'eich' (incl. monosyllabic), 'eig' (incl. monosyllabic), 'ling', 'or', 'ismus'

Feminine word types:

• Female people, female animals
• Most German rivers

Feminine word endings:

• 'ei,' schaft', 'heit', 'keit', 'ung', t"at', 'ion', 'ik', 'ie', 'enz', 'anz', 'ur', 90% of 'e' (exceptions: der K"ase, der Name, das Ende, das Auge, der Affe, der Biologe, der Kunde), 'in' (when describes female person), 'nis' (from adjectives and verbs expressing a state of mind), 'sion', 'sis', 'tion'

Neuter word types:

• Collectives that start with 'Ge-'
• Human babies and animal babies
• Most metals
• Verb infinitives turned into nouns aka 'en' ending

Neuter word endings:

• Nouns: 'chen', 'lein', 'le', 'erl', 'el', 'li', 'ium', 'um' (except 'aum', which is masculine), 'tum', 'ment', 'ma' (from Greek; except die Firma, der Puma), 'a' (names of countries). 'il', 'in' (chemical terms), 'ing' (borrowed from English), 'nis' (which don't express a state of mind), 'um'
• If they refer to things: 'al', 'an', 'ar', '(m)ent', 'ett', 'ier', 'iv', 'o', 'on' (from Greek)

For default behavior: "Of the nouns with a unique gender, 46% are feminine, 34% masculine, and 20% neuter. So, if in doubt about the gender of a noun, guess "die" :)"