CI: Add package build workflow (#1278) #509

Job	Run time
Build the documentation	59s
Check type hints (3.10)	31s
Check type hints (3.9)	32s
Check type hints (3.11)	29s
Check type hints (3.13)	31s
Check type hints (3.12)	31s
Run tests (3.9) / Run all tests	36s
Check versioning / Check versioning for consistency	16s
Run tests (3.10) / Run all tests	34s
Run tests (3.13) / Run all tests	35s
Run tests (3.12) / Run all tests	33s
Run tests (3.11) / Run all tests	33s
Linting (3.10) / Linting	33s
Linting (3.12) / Linting	31s
Linting (3.11) / Linting	31s
Linting (3.13) / Linting	31s
Linting (3.9) / Linting	34s
Upload coverage to codecov.io	42s
	10m 2s

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