LUIS provides a programmatic API that does everything that the UI at luis.ai does. This can save time when you might have a lot of preexisting data and it'd be faster to programmatically create a LUIS app than entering information by hand.
- Log in to www.luis.ai and find your Programmatic Key in Account Settings. You use this key to call the Authoring API.
- If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin.
- This tutorial starts with a CSV for a hypothetical company's log files of user requests. Download it here.
- Install the latest Node.js with NPM. Download it from here.
- [Recommended] Visual Studio Code for IntelliSense and debugging, download it from here for free.
Even if you have a system that wasn't created with LUIS in mind, if it contains textual data that maps to different things users want to do, you might be able to come up a mapping from the existing categories of user input to intents in LUIS. If you can identify important words or phrases in what the users said, these might map to entities.
Open the IoT.csv file. It contains a log of user queries to a hypothetical home automation service, including how they were categorized, what the user said, and some columns with useful information pulled out of them.
You'll see that the RequestType column could be intents, the Request column shows an example utterance, and the other fields could be entities if they actually occur in the utterance. Because we have what intents, entities, and example utterances, we have what we need to create a sample app.
To generate a new LUIS app from the source file, first you parse the data from the CSV file and convert this data to a format that you can upload to LUIS using the Authoring API. From the parsed data, you gather information on what intents and entities are there. Then you make API calls to create the app, and add intents and entities that were gathered from the parsed data. Once you have created the LUIS app, you can add the example utterances from the parsed data. You can see this flow in the last part of the code below. Copy or download this code and save it in index.js.
var path = require('path');
const parse = require('./_parse');
const createApp = require('./_create');
const addEntities = require('./_entities');
const addIntents = require('./_intents');
const upload = require('./_upload');
// Change these values
const LUIS_programmaticKey = "YOUR_PROGRAMMATIC_KEY";
const LUIS_appName = "Sample App";
const LUIS_appCulture = "en-us";
const LUIS_versionId = "0.1";
// NOTE: final output of add-utterances api named utterances.upload.json
const downloadFile = "./IoT.csv";
const uploadFile = "./utterances.json"
// The app ID is returned from LUIS when your app is created
var LUIS_appId = ""; // default app ID
var intents = [];
var entities = [];
/* add utterances parameters */
var configAddUtterances = {
LUIS_subscriptionKey: LUIS_programmaticKey,
LUIS_appId: LUIS_appId,
LUIS_versionId: LUIS_versionId,
inFile: path.join(__dirname, uploadFile),
batchSize: 100,
uri: "https://westus.api.cognitive.microsoft.com/luis/api/v2.0/apps/{appId}/versions/{versionId}/examples"
};
/* create app parameters */
var configCreateApp = {
LUIS_subscriptionKey: LUIS_programmaticKey,
LUIS_versionId: LUIS_versionId,
appName: LUIS_appName,
culture: LUIS_appCulture,
uri: "https://westus.api.cognitive.microsoft.com/luis/api/v2.0/apps/"
};
/* add intents parameters */
var configAddIntents = {
LUIS_subscriptionKey: LUIS_programmaticKey,
LUIS_appId: LUIS_appId,
LUIS_versionId: LUIS_versionId,
intentList: intents,
uri: "https://westus.api.cognitive.microsoft.com/luis/api/v2.0/apps/{appId}/versions/{versionId}/intents"
};
/* add entities parameters */
var configAddEntities = {
LUIS_subscriptionKey: LUIS_programmaticKey,
LUIS_appId: LUIS_appId,
LUIS_versionId: LUIS_versionId,
entityList: intents,
uri: "https://westus.api.cognitive.microsoft.com/luis/api/v2.0/apps/{appId}/versions/{versionId}/entities"
};
/* input and output files for parsing CSV */
var configParse = {
inFile: path.join(__dirname, downloadFile),
outFile: path.join(__dirname, uploadFile)
};
// Parse CSV
parse(configParse)
.then((model) => {
// Save intent and entity names from parse
intents = model.intents;
entities = model.entities;
// Create the LUIS app
return createApp(configCreateApp);
}).then((appId) => {
// Add intents
LUIS_appId = appId;
configAddIntents.LUIS_appId = appId;
configAddIntents.intentList = intents;
return addIntents(configAddIntents);
}).then(() => {
// Add entities
configAddEntities.LUIS_appId = LUIS_appId;
configAddEntities.entityList = entities;
return addEntities(configAddEntities);
}).then(() => {
// Add example utterances to the intents in the app
configAddUtterances.LUIS_appId = LUIS_appId;
return upload(configAddUtterances);
}).catch(err => {
console.log(err.message);
});The column entries that contain the utterances in the CSV have to be parsed into a JSON format that LUIS can understand. This JSON format must contain an intentName field that identifies the intent of the utterance. It must also contain an entityLabels field, which can be empty if there are no entities in the utterance.
For example, the entry for "Turn on the lights" maps to this JSON:
{
"text": "Turn on the lights",
"intentName": "TurnOn",
"entityLabels": [
{
"entityName": "Operation",
"startCharIndex": 5,
"endCharIndex": 6
},
{
"entityName": "Device",
"startCharIndex": 12,
"endCharIndex": 17
}
]
}In this example, the intentName comes from the user request under the Request column heading in the CSV file, and the entityName comes from the other columns with key information. For example, if there's an entry for Operation or Device, and that string also occurs in the actual request, then it can be labeled as an entity. The following code demonstrates this parsing process. You can copy or download it and save it to _parse.js.
const fse = require('fs-extra');
const path = require('path');
const lineReader = require('line-reader');
const Promise = require('bluebird');
const babyparse = require("babyparse");
const csv = require('csvtojson');
const intent_column = 0;
const utterance_column = 1;
var entityNames = [];
var eachLine = Promise.promisify(lineReader.eachLine);
function listOfIntents(intents) {
return intents.reduce(function (a, d) {
if (a.indexOf(d.intentName) === -1) {
a.push(d.intentName);
}
return a;
}, []);
}
function listOfEntities(utterances) {
return utterances.reduce(function (a, d) {
d.entityLabels.forEach(function(entityLabel) {
if (a.indexOf(entityLabel.entityName) === -1) {
a.push(entityLabel.entityName);
}
}, this);
return a;
}, []);
}
// Create the JSON for the text in a row
var utterance = function (rowAsString) {
let json = {
"text": "",
"intentName": "",
"entityLabels": [],
};
if (!rowAsString) return json;
// csv to parser object
let dataRow = babyparse.parse(rowAsString);
// unwrap parser's first row
json.intentName = dataRow.data[0][intent_column];
json.text = dataRow.data[0][utterance_column];
entityNames.forEach(function (entityName) {
// if there's a string at this column, search for it in the utterance.
entityToFind = dataRow.data[0][entityName.column];
if (entityToFind != "") {
strInd = json.text.indexOf(entityToFind);
if (strInd > -1) {
let entityLabel = {
"entityName": entityName.name,
"startCharIndex": strInd,
"endCharIndex": strInd + entityToFind.length -1
}
json.entityLabels.push(entityLabel);
}
}
}, this);
return json;
};
// main function for parsing the file
// reads the stream one line at a time
const convert = async (config) => {
try {
var i = 0;
// get inFile stream
inFileStream = await fse.createReadStream(config.inFile, 'utf-8')
// create out file
var myOutFile = await fse.createWriteStream(config.outFile, 'utf-8');
var utterances = [];
// read 1 line
return eachLine(inFileStream, (line) => {
// skip first line with headers
if (i++ == 0) {
// csv to baby parser object
let dataRow = babyparse.parse(line);
// populate entityType list
var index = 0;
dataRow.data[0].forEach(function (element) {
if ((index != intent_column) && (index != utterance_column)) {
entityNames.push({ name: element, column: index });
}
index++;
}, this);
return;
}
// transform utterance from csv to json
utterances.push(utterance(line));
}).then(() => {
console.log("intents: " + JSON.stringify(listOfIntents(utterances)));
console.log("entities: " + JSON.stringify(listOfEntities(utterances)));
myOutFile.write(JSON.stringify({ "converted_date": new Date().toLocaleString(), "utterances": utterances }));
myOutFile.end();
console.log("parse done");
var model =
{
intents: listOfIntents(utterances),
entities: listOfEntities(utterances)
}
return model;
//return config;
});
} catch (err) {
throw err;
}
}
module.exports = convert;Once the data has been parsed into JSON, we need a LUIS app to add it to. The following code creates the LUIS app. Copy or download it, and save it into _create.js.
var rp = require('request-promise');
var fse = require('fs-extra');
var path = require('path');
// Call Apps_Create
var createApp = async (config) => {
try {
// JSON for the request body
// { "name": MyAppName, "culture": "en-us"}
var jsonBody = {
"name": config.appName,
"culture": config.culture
};
// Create a LUIS app
var createAppPromise = callCreateApp({
uri: config.uri,
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key': config.LUIS_subscriptionKey
},
json: true,
body: jsonBody
});
let results = await createAppPromise;
// Create app returns an app ID
let response = results;
} catch (err) {
console.log(`Error in CreateApp: ${err.message} `);
//throw err;
}
}
// Send JSON as the body of the POST request to the API
var callCreateApp = async (options) => {
try {
var response;
if (options.method === 'POST') {
response = await rp.post(options);
} else if (options.method === 'GET') {
response = await rp.get(options);
}
// response from successful create should be the new app ID
return { response };
} catch (err) {
throw err;
}
}
module.exports = createApp;Once you have an app, you need to intents to it. The following code creates the LUIS app. Copy or download it, and save it into _intents.js.
var rp = require('request-promise');
var fse = require('fs-extra');
var path = require('path');
var request = require('requestretry');
// time delay between requests
const delayMS = 1000;
// retry recount
const maxRetry = 5;
// retry request if error or 429 received
var retryStrategy = function (err, response, body) {
let shouldRetry = err || (response.statusCode === 429);
if (shouldRetry) console.log("retrying add intent...");
return shouldRetry;
}
// Call add-intents
var addIntents = async (config) => {
var intentPromises = [];
config.uri = config.uri.replace("{appId}", config.LUIS_appId).replace("{versionId}", config.LUIS_versionId);
config.intentList.forEach(function (intent) {
config.intentName = intent;
try {
// JSON for the request body
var jsonBody = {
"name": config.intentName,
};
// Create an intent
var addIntentPromise = callAddIntent({
// uri: config.uri,
url: config.uri,
fullResponse: false,
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key': config.LUIS_subscriptionKey
},
json: true,
body: jsonBody,
maxAttempts: maxRetry,
retryDelay: delayMS,
retryStrategy: retryStrategy
});
intentPromises.push(addIntentPromise);
console.log(`Called addIntents for intent named ${intent}.`);
} catch (err) {
console.log(`Error in addIntents: ${err.message} `);
}
}, this);
let results = await Promise.all(intentPromises);
console.log(`Results of all promises = ${JSON.stringify(results)}`);
let response = results;
}
// Send JSON as the body of the POST request to the API
var callAddIntent = async (options) => {
try {
var response;
response = await request(options);
return { response: response };
} catch (err) {
console.log(`Error in callAddIntent: ${err.message} `);
}
}
module.exports = addIntents;The following code adds the entities to the LUIS app. Copy or download it, and save it into _entities.js.
// node 7.x
// uses async/await - promises
const request = require("requestretry");
var rp = require('request-promise');
var fse = require('fs-extra');
var path = require('path');
// time delay between requests
const delayMS = 1000;
// retry recount
const maxRetry = 5;
// retry request if error or 429 received
var retryStrategy = function (err, response, body) {
let shouldRetry = err || (response.statusCode === 429);
if (shouldRetry) console.log("retrying add entity...");
return shouldRetry;
}
// main function to call
// Call add-entities
var addEntities = async (config) => {
var entityPromises = [];
config.uri = config.uri.replace("{appId}", config.LUIS_appId).replace("{versionId}", config.LUIS_versionId);
config.entityList.forEach(function (entity) {
try {
config.entityName = entity;
// JSON for the request body
// { "name": MyEntityName}
var jsonBody = {
"name": config.entityName,
};
// Create an app
var addEntityPromise = callAddEntity({
url: config.uri,
fullResponse: false,
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key': config.LUIS_subscriptionKey
},
json: true,
body: jsonBody,
maxAttempts: maxRetry,
retryDelay: delayMS,
retryStrategy: retryStrategy
});
entityPromises.push(addEntityPromise);
console.log(`called addEntity for entity named ${entity}.`);
} catch (err) {
console.log(`Error in addEntities: ${err.message} `);
//throw err;
}
}, this);
let results = await Promise.all(entityPromises);
console.log(`Results of all promises = ${JSON.stringify(results)}`);
let response = results;// await fse.writeJson(createResults.json, results);
}
// Send JSON as the body of the POST request to the API
var callAddEntity = async (options) => {
try {
var response;
response = await request(options);
return { response: response };
} catch (err) {
console.log(`error in callAddEntity: ${err.message}`);
}
}
module.exports = addEntities;Once the entities and intents have been defined in the LUIS app, you can add the utterances. The following code uses the Utterances_AddBatch API which allows you to add up to 100 utterances at a time. Copy or download it, and save it into _utterances.js.
// node 7.x
// uses async/await - promises
var rp = require('request-promise');
var fse = require('fs-extra');
var path = require('path');
var request = require('requestretry');
// time delay between requests
const delayMS = 500;
// retry recount
const maxRetry = 5;
// retry request if error or 429 received
var retryStrategy = function (err, response, body) {
let shouldRetry = err || (response.statusCode === 429);
if (shouldRetry) console.log("retrying add examples...");
return shouldRetry;
}
// main function to call
var upload = async (config) => {
try{
// read in utterances
var entireBatch = await fse.readJson(config.inFile);
// break items into pages to fit max batch size
var pages = getPagesForBatch(entireBatch.utterances, config.batchSize);
var uploadPromises = [];
// load up promise array
pages.forEach(page => {
config.uri = "https://westus.api.cognitive.microsoft.com/luis/api/v2.0/apps/{appId}/versions/{versionId}/examples".replace("{appId}", config.LUIS_appId).replace("{versionId}", config.LUIS_versionId)
var pagePromise = sendBatchToApi({
url: config.uri,
fullResponse: false,
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key': config.LUIS_subscriptionKey
},
json: true,
body: page,
maxAttempts: maxRetry,
retryDelay: delayMS,
retryStrategy: retryStrategy
});
uploadPromises.push(pagePromise);
})
//execute promise array
let results = await Promise.all(uploadPromises)
console.log(`\n\nResults of all promises = ${JSON.stringify(results)}`);
let response = await fse.writeJson(config.inFile.replace('.json','.upload.json'),results);
console.log("upload done");
} catch(err){
throw err;
}
}
// turn whole batch into pages batch
// because API can only deal with N items in batch
var getPagesForBatch = (batch, maxItems) => {
try{
var pages = [];
var currentPage = 0;
var pageCount = (batch.length % maxItems == 0) ? Math.round(batch.length / maxItems) : Math.round((batch.length / maxItems) + 1);
for (let i = 0;i<pageCount;i++){
var currentStart = currentPage * maxItems;
var currentEnd = currentStart + maxItems;
var pagedBatch = batch.slice(currentStart,currentEnd);
var j = 0;
pagedBatch.forEach(item=>{
item.ExampleId = j++;
});
pages.push(pagedBatch);
currentPage++;
}
return pages;
}catch(err){
throw(err);
}
}
// send json batch as post.body to API
var sendBatchToApi = async (options) => {
try {
var response = await request(options);
//return {page: options.body, response:response};
return {response:response};
}catch(err){
throw err;
}
}
module.exports = upload;Install the Node.js dependencies from NPM in the terminal/command line.
> npm install
In order to use this application, you need to change the values in the index.js file to your own subscription key, app ID, and version ID.
Open the index.js file, and change these values at the top of the file.
// CHANGE THESE VALUES
const LUIS_subscriptionKey = "YOUR_SUBSCRIPTION_KEY";
const LUIS_appId = "YOUR_APP_ID";
const LUIS_versionId = "0.1";Run the script from a terminal/command line with Node.js.
> node index.js
or
> npm start
While the application is running, the command line shows progress.
> node index.js
intents: ["TurnAllOn","TurnAllOff","None","TurnOn","TurnOff"]
entities: ["Operation","Device"]
parse done
upload done
process done
Once the script completes, you can log in to luis.ai and see the LUIS app you just created under My Apps. You should be able to see the utterances you added under the TurnOn, TurnOff, and None intents.
- You can work with your app in LUIS.ai.
This sample applications use the following LUIS APIs: