diff --git a/packages/cli/src/config_parsing/entity_parsing.rs b/packages/cli/src/config_parsing/entity_parsing.rs
index 3b68e9dea..ba2309468 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/config_parsing/entity_parsing.rs
+++ b/packages/cli/src/config_parsing/entity_parsing.rs
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ impl Schema {
         self.check_enum_type_defs()?
             .check_schema_for_reserved_words()?
             .check_duplicate_naming_between_enums_and_entities()?
+            .check_capitalized_entity_name_collisions()?
             .check_related_type_defs_exist()?
             .validate_entity_field_types()
     }
@@ -187,6 +188,41 @@ impl Schema {
         }
     }
 
+    // The handler context and generated types expose each entity under its
+    // capitalized name, so entities whose names differ only by the first
+    // letter's case (e.g. `user` and `User`) would map to the same accessor
+    // and silently shadow each other at runtime.
+    fn check_capitalized_entity_name_collisions(self) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        let mut by_capitalized: HashMap<String, Vec<String>> = HashMap::new();
+        for name in self.entities.keys() {
+            by_capitalized
+                .entry(name.capitalize())
+                .or_default()
+                .push(name.clone());
+        }
+
+        let mut collisions = by_capitalized
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|(_, names)| names.len() > 1)
+            .map(|(capitalized, mut names)| {
+                names.sort();
+                format!("{} (from {})", capitalized, names.join(", "))
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        if collisions.is_empty() {
+            Ok(self)
+        } else {
+            collisions.sort();
+            Err(anyhow!(
+                "Schema contains entities whose names collide when capitalized. Each entity is \
+                 exposed on the handler context under its capitalized name, so these must be \
+                 unique: {}",
+                collisions.join("; ")
+            ))
+        }
+    }
+
     fn try_get_type_def(&self, name: &String) -> anyhow::Result<TypeDef<'_>> {
         match (self.entities.get(name), self.enums.get(name)) {
             (None, None) => Err(anyhow!("No type definition '{}' exists in schema", name)),
@@ -2240,6 +2276,32 @@ type TestEntity {
         assert_eq!(pg_field.linked_entity, None);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_entities_that_collide_when_capitalized() {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+type user { id: ID! }
+type User { id: ID! }
+        "#;
+        let err = Schema::from_string(schema_str)
+            .expect_err("expected a capitalized entity-name collision error");
+        let message = format!("{err:#}");
+        assert!(
+            message.contains("collide when capitalized")
+                && message.contains("User (from User, user)"),
+            "unexpected error: {message}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn allows_entities_that_are_unique_when_capitalized() {
+        let schema_str = r#"
+type user { id: ID! }
+type post { id: ID! }
+        "#;
+        let schema = Schema::from_string(schema_str).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema.entities.len(), 2);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_decimal_precision_config_happy_path() {
         let schema_str = r#"
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/hbs_templating/codegen_templates.rs b/packages/cli/src/hbs_templating/codegen_templates.rs
index d1858f0b4..541d24deb 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/hbs_templating/codegen_templates.rs
+++ b/packages/cli/src/hbs_templating/codegen_templates.rs
@@ -1484,7 +1484,7 @@ switch chainId {{
             .map(|entity| {
                 format!(
                     "  \\\"{}\": handlerEntityOperations<Entities.{}.t, Entities.{}.getWhereFilter>,",
-                    entity.name.original,
+                    entity.name.capitalized,
                     entity.name.capitalized,
                     entity.name.capitalized,
                 )
@@ -1818,7 +1818,7 @@ type testIndexerEntityOperations<'entity> = {
             .map(|entity| {
                 format!(
                     "  \\\"{}\": testIndexerEntityOperations<Entities.{}.t>,",
-                    entity.name.original, entity.name.capitalized,
+                    entity.name.capitalized, entity.name.capitalized,
                 )
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>()
diff --git a/packages/envio-tests/test/MockIndexerHandlers_test.res b/packages/envio-tests/test/MockIndexerHandlers_test.res
index 7569cf222..0f737e979 100644
--- a/packages/envio-tests/test/MockIndexerHandlers_test.res
+++ b/packages/envio-tests/test/MockIndexerHandlers_test.res
@@ -41,6 +41,61 @@ indexer.onEvent({ contract: "Token", event: "Transfer" }, async ({ event, contex
     t.expect(config.name).toBe("mock-handlers")
   })
 
+  // https://github.com/enviodev/hyperindex/issues/1478
+  // Lowercase schema entity names keep their original casing for the GraphQL
+  // schema and the physical Postgres/ClickHouse tables, while the handler
+  // context accessor is capitalized to match the generated types.
+  it("capitalizes the context accessor but keeps physical names lowercase", t => {
+    let {config} = InternalTestIndexer.fromUserApi(
+      ~schema=`
+type pool_snapshots {
+  id: ID!
+  value: BigInt!
+  owner: user_account!
+}
+
+type user_account {
+  id: ID!
+  snapshots: [pool_snapshots!]! @derivedFrom(field: "owner")
+}
+`,
+      ~handlers=`
+import { indexer } from "envio";
+
+indexer.onEvent({ contract: "Token", event: "Transfer" }, async ({ event, context }) => {
+  context.User_account.set({ id: event.params.to });
+  context.Pool_snapshots.set({
+    id: event.params.to,
+    value: event.params.value,
+    owner_id: event.params.to,
+  });
+});
+`,
+      ~configYaml=yaml,
+    )
+    let poolSnapshots = config.userEntitiesByName->Dict.getUnsafe("Pool_snapshots")
+    let userAccount = config.userEntitiesByName->Dict.getUnsafe("User_account")
+    t.expect({
+      "accessorKeys": config.userEntitiesByName->Dict.keysToArray->Array.toSorted(String.compare),
+      "physicalNames": [poolSnapshots.name, userAccount.name]->Array.toSorted(String.compare),
+      "tableNames": [poolSnapshots.table.tableName, userAccount.table.tableName]->Array.toSorted(
+        String.compare,
+      ),
+      "linkedEntities": poolSnapshots.table
+      ->Table.getLinkedEntityFields
+      ->Array.map(((_, linkedEntityName)) => linkedEntityName),
+      "derivedFromEntities": userAccount.table
+      ->Table.getDerivedFromFields
+      ->Array.map(df => df.derivedFromEntity),
+    }).toEqual({
+      "accessorKeys": ["Pool_snapshots", "User_account"],
+      "physicalNames": ["pool_snapshots", "user_account"],
+      "tableNames": ["pool_snapshots", "user_account"],
+      "linkedEntities": ["user_account"],
+      "derivedFromEntities": ["pool_snapshots"],
+    })
+  })
+
   it("throws the exact diagnostic on a nonexistent event", t => {
     t.expect(
       () =>
diff --git a/packages/envio-tests/test/UserApiValidation_test.res b/packages/envio-tests/test/UserApiValidation_test.res
index 1c201f9da..45c779843 100644
--- a/packages/envio-tests/test/UserApiValidation_test.res
+++ b/packages/envio-tests/test/UserApiValidation_test.res
@@ -1534,6 +1534,16 @@ type Token @storage {
 `,
       "Config parse error: Failed converting schema doc to schema struct: Failed constructing entities in schema from document: @storage on \`Token\` enables no storage. At least one of {postgres, clickhouse} must be true.",
     ),
+    (
+      // Entities are exposed on the handler context under their capitalized
+      // name, so two entities differing only in first-letter case collide.
+      "rejects entity names that collide when capitalized",
+      `
+type user { id: ID! }
+type User { id: ID! }
+`,
+      "Config parse error: Failed converting schema doc to schema struct: Schema contains entities whose names collide when capitalized. Each entity is exposed on the handler context under its capitalized name, so these must be unique: User (from User, user)",
+    ),
   ]->Array.forEach(((name, schema, message)) => {
     it(name, t => expectParseError(t, ~schema, baseYaml, message))
   })
diff --git a/packages/envio/src/Config.res b/packages/envio/src/Config.res
index 8e7e41c45..48860a89e 100644
--- a/packages/envio/src/Config.res
+++ b/packages/envio/src/Config.res
@@ -995,10 +995,14 @@ let fromPublic = (publicConfigJson: JSON.t) => {
 
   let allEntities = userEntities->Array.concat([EnvioAddresses.entityConfig])
 
+  // Keyed by the capitalized entity name to match the handler-context
+  // accessor (`context.Pool_snapshots`) the generated types expose, while
+  // entityConfig.name stays the original schema name used for the physical
+  // Postgres/ClickHouse tables.
   let userEntitiesByName =
     userEntities
     ->Array.map(entityConfig => {
-      (entityConfig.name, entityConfig)
+      (entityConfig.name->Utils.String.capitalize, entityConfig)
     })
     ->Dict.fromArray
 
diff --git a/packages/envio/src/TestIndexer.res b/packages/envio/src/TestIndexer.res
index 042a440e7..29342fa5d 100644
--- a/packages/envio/src/TestIndexer.res
+++ b/packages/envio/src/TestIndexer.res
@@ -199,7 +199,11 @@ let handleWriteBatch = (
           if deleted->Array.length > 0 {
             entityObj->Dict.set("deleted", deleted->(Utils.magic: array<string> => unknown))
           }
-          change->Dict.set(entityName, entityObj->(Utils.magic: dict<unknown> => unknown))
+          // Match the capitalized entity accessor the generated change types expose.
+          change->Dict.set(
+            entityName->Utils.String.capitalize,
+            entityObj->(Utils.magic: dict<unknown> => unknown),
+          )
         }
       })
     | None => ()
@@ -699,7 +703,9 @@ let createTestIndexer = (): t<'processConfig> => {
   entityOpsDict
   ->Dict.toArray
   ->Array.forEach(((name, ops)) => {
-    result->Dict.set(name, ops->(Utils.magic: entityOperations => unknown))
+    // Expose the capitalized accessor (indexer.Pool_snapshots) the generated
+    // types declare, matching the handler-context keys.
+    result->Dict.set(name->Utils.String.capitalize, ops->(Utils.magic: entityOperations => unknown))
   })
 
   result->Dict.set(