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CLAUDE.md

This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with code in this repository.

Overview

A modern OWL ontology tutorial using the pizza domain, built on the SULO (Simplified Upper Level Ontology) upper-level ontology. Students learn ontology engineering concepts through interactive Jupyter notebooks using Python and owlready2.

Setup

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt

Dependencies: ipykernel, owlready2, graphviz

Run notebooks:

jupyter notebook

Notebook Sequence

The notebooks build on each other and must be run in order:

Notebook Topic
00-SULO-tutorial-setup.ipynb Environment setup, load SULO, visualize class/property hierarchy, run reasoner
01-SULO-tutorial-composition.ipynb Part-whole composition (hasPart, hasDirectPart), class restrictions, OWA
02-SULO-tutorial-qualities-quantities.ipynb Qualities, quantities, constrained datatypes (SHU measurements)
03-SULO-tutorial-processes.ipynb Processes, participants, roles, temporal ordering

Each notebook loads pizza.owl (the running ontology artifact) and appends to it, saving back to pizza.owl plus a numbered checkpoint (e.g., pizza-01.owl, pizza-02.owl).

Architecture

  • SULO (https://w3id.org/sulo/sulo.owl) — loaded remotely; provides SpatialObject, Quality, Quantity, Process, Role, hasPart, hasDirectPart, hasFeature, refersTo, hasValue, etc.
  • pizza ontology (pizza.owl) — built incrementally across notebooks; IRI https://w3id.org/ontostart/pizza/
  • sulo-ext — an extension ontology created in notebook 03 (IRI https://w3id.org/ontostart/sulo-ext/) that adds process-related properties and classes not in SULO
  • lib/helpers.py — shared utilities: editing(onto) context manager that auto-saves to build/latest.ttl, safe_call_reasoner(onto) (suppresses HermiT stdout/stderr, returns {ok, inconsistent}), get_color_tree(ontos) (multi-ontology colored Digraph), onto_class_tree, onto_property_map, in_ancestors
  • lib/ — also contains Java JARs for HermiT and ELK reasoners (used by owlready2 via JVM)

Key OWL Concepts Covered

  • hasDirectPart vs hasPart: cardinality restrictions require non-transitive properties, so use hasDirectPart (sub-property of hasPart) for exactly/max restrictions
  • Open World Assumption: use AllDisjoint + universal restriction (only) to close a class definition
  • INDIRECT_<property> prefix in owlready2 to query inferred (transitive) relations
  • equivalent_to for defined classes (enables classification inference); is_a for primitive classes

Ontology Files

  • sulo.owl — local copy of SULO
  • pizza.owl — current working ontology (overwritten by each notebook run)
  • pizza-01.owl, pizza-02.owl — snapshots after notebooks 01 and 02
  • reference_work/pizza.owl — original Manchester Pizza Tutorial ontology (reference only)