diff --git a/src/libraries/System.IO.Compression/src/System/IO/Compression/ZipArchiveEntry.Async.cs b/src/libraries/System.IO.Compression/src/System/IO/Compression/ZipArchiveEntry.Async.cs
index a393ea76491e0f..3f5dd12bd83cca 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.IO.Compression/src/System/IO/Compression/ZipArchiveEntry.Async.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.IO.Compression/src/System/IO/Compression/ZipArchiveEntry.Async.cs
@@ -115,8 +115,9 @@ private async Task<MemoryStream> GetUncompressedDataAsync(CancellationToken canc
         {
             // this means we have never opened it before
 
-            // if _uncompressedSize > int.MaxValue, it's still okay, because MemoryStream will just
-            // grow as data is copied into it
+            // OpenInUpdateModeAsync validates that _uncompressedSize fits in [0, Array.MaxLength]
+            // via ThrowIfNotOpenableAsync before reaching this code, so the (int) cast is safe
+            // and the capacity hint is bounded by MemoryStream's maximum.
             _storedUncompressedData = new MemoryStream((int)_uncompressedSize);
 
             if (_originallyInArchive)
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.IO.Compression/src/System/IO/Compression/ZipArchiveEntry.cs b/src/libraries/System.IO.Compression/src/System/IO/Compression/ZipArchiveEntry.cs
index e84666144c9379..4b3695dc2161d6 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.IO.Compression/src/System/IO/Compression/ZipArchiveEntry.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.IO.Compression/src/System/IO/Compression/ZipArchiveEntry.cs
@@ -481,8 +481,9 @@ private MemoryStream GetUncompressedData()
             {
                 // this means we have never opened it before
 
-                // if _uncompressedSize > int.MaxValue, it's still okay, because MemoryStream will just
-                // grow as data is copied into it
+                // OpenInUpdateMode validates that _uncompressedSize fits in [0, Array.MaxLength]
+                // via ThrowIfNotOpenable before reaching this code, so the (int) cast is safe
+                // and the capacity hint is bounded by MemoryStream's maximum.
                 _storedUncompressedData = new MemoryStream((int)_uncompressedSize);
 
                 if (_originallyInArchive)
@@ -1000,6 +1001,18 @@ private bool IsOpenableFinalVerifications(bool needToLoadIntoMemory, long offset
                         return false;
                     }
                 }
+
+                // The uncompressed data is loaded into a MemoryStream, which is backed by a
+                // single byte[] and therefore cannot grow beyond Array.MaxLength. Reject
+                // up front rather than failing later from the MemoryStream constructor with
+                // a misleading argument-out-of-range exception (caused by the unchecked
+                // (int) cast in GetUncompressedData wrapping a long > int.MaxValue to a
+                // negative value).
+                if ((ulong)_uncompressedSize > (ulong)Array.MaxLength)
+                {
+                    message = SR.EntryTooLarge;
+                    return false;
+                }
             }
 
             return true;
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.IO.Compression/tests/ZipArchive/zip_InvalidParametersAndStrangeFiles.cs b/src/libraries/System.IO.Compression/tests/ZipArchive/zip_InvalidParametersAndStrangeFiles.cs
index 46d899426459e8..5f924485e734e2 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.IO.Compression/tests/ZipArchive/zip_InvalidParametersAndStrangeFiles.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.IO.Compression/tests/ZipArchive/zip_InvalidParametersAndStrangeFiles.cs
@@ -408,6 +408,46 @@ await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidDataException>(async () =>
             await DisposeZipArchive(async, archive);
         }
 
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(Get_Booleans_Data))]
+        public static async Task ZipArchiveEntry_OpenInUpdateMode_UncompressedSizeGreaterThanArrayMaxLength_ThrowsInvalidData(bool async)
+        {
+            // When _uncompressedSize > Array.MaxLength, the entry's uncompressed payload
+            // cannot be loaded into a MemoryStream (which is backed by a single byte[] and
+            // therefore bounded by Array.MaxLength). The entry must be rejected up front
+            // with a descriptive InvalidDataException when opened in Update mode, rather
+            // than failing later from the MemoryStream constructor with a misleading
+            // argument-out-of-range exception caused by the (int) cast wrapping negative.
+            byte[] payload = [0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE, 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF];
+            MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();
+
+            ZipArchive archive = await CreateZipArchive(async, stream, ZipArchiveMode.Create, leaveOpen: true);
+            ZipArchiveEntry entry = archive.CreateEntry("entry.bin", CompressionLevel.NoCompression);
+            Stream entryStream = await OpenEntryStream(async, entry);
+            await entryStream.WriteAsync(payload);
+            await DisposeStream(async, entryStream);
+            await DisposeZipArchive(async, archive);
+
+            stream.Position = 0;
+            archive = await CreateZipArchive(async, stream, ZipArchiveMode.Update, leaveOpen: true);
+            entry = archive.GetEntry("entry.bin");
+
+            FieldInfo uncompressedSizeField = typeof(ZipArchiveEntry).GetField("_uncompressedSize", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
+            Assert.NotNull(uncompressedSizeField);
+            uncompressedSizeField.SetValue(entry, (long)Array.MaxLength + 1L);
+
+            if (async)
+            {
+                await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidDataException>(() => entry.OpenAsync());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Assert.Throws<InvalidDataException>(() => entry.Open());
+            }
+
+            await DisposeZipArchive(async, archive);
+        }
+
         [Theory]
         [MemberData(nameof(Get_Booleans_Data))]
         public static async Task UnseekableVeryLargeArchive_DataDescriptor_Read_Zip64(bool async)