python

Python Bindings and Frontend

This component provides Python bindings via pybind11 to build SDFGs with Python. Additionally, this component provides the @native decorator, which automatically converts Python functions into SDFGs and codegens them for the available target.

• Bindings: Build SDFGs programmatically with Python
• AST Parser: Automatically compile Python/NumPy code to optimized native code
• Targets: Support for CPU (sequential, OpenMP), CUDA GPUs, and other accelerators

Build from Sources

To build the Python component from sources run pip on the component's directory:

pip install -e python/

Requirements

Python Dependencies

• Python >= 3.11
• NumPy >= 1.19.0

System Dependencies

The following system dependencies must be installed (same as core components):

sudo apt-get install -y libgmp-dev libzstd-dev
sudo apt-get install -y nlohmann-json3-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libboost-graph-dev libboost-graph1.74.0
sudo apt-get install -y libisl-dev

Compiler Requirements

Clang/LLVM 19 is required for code generation. Install it with:

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt-get install -y clang-19 llvm-19

For CUDA support, you also need the NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit installed.

Usage

The @native Decorator

The @native decorator is the primary way to use the Python frontend. It automatically:

1. Parses the Python function's AST
2. Converts it to an SDFG representation
3. Applies optimizations based on the target
4. Compiles to native code
5. Executes and returns results

Basic Example

from docc.python import native
import numpy as np

@native
def vector_add(A, B, C, N):
    for i in range(N):
        C[i] = A[i] + B[i]

# Usage
N = 1024
A = np.random.rand(N).astype(np.float64)
B = np.random.rand(N).astype(np.float64)
C = np.zeros(N, dtype=np.float64)

vector_add(A, B, C, N)  # JIT compiles and executes

Compilation Targets

The @native decorator accepts a target parameter to specify the code generation backend:

target="none" (Default)

No scheduling or optimization is applied. The SDFG is compiled as-is without parallelization. Useful for debugging or when you want to manually control the generated code.

@native(target="none")
def simple_loop(A, B, N):
    for i in range(N):
        B[i] = A[i] * 2.0

target="sequential"

Generates optimized sequential code with SIMD vectorization.

import math

@native(target="sequential")
def vectorized_sin(A, B):
    for i in range(A.shape[0]):
        B[i] = math.sin(A[i])

N = 128
A = np.random.rand(N).astype(np.float64)
B = np.zeros(N, dtype=np.float64)
vectorized_sin(A, B)

target="openmp"

Generates parallel code using OpenMP. Suitable for multi-core CPUs. Loops are automatically parallelized with appropriate scheduling.

@native(target="openmp", category="desktop")
def parallel_add(A, B, C, N):
    for i in range(N):
        C[i] = A[i] + B[i]

# Executes in parallel across CPU cores
N = 1000000
A = np.random.rand(N).astype(np.float64)
B = np.random.rand(N).astype(np.float64)
C = np.zeros(N, dtype=np.float64)
parallel_add(A, B, C, N)

target="cuda"

Generates CUDA code for NVIDIA GPUs. Loops are mapped to GPU thread blocks and threads.

@native(target="cuda", category="server")
def gpu_add(A, B, C, N):
    for i in range(N):
        C[i] = A[i] + B[i]

# Executes on GPU (data is automatically transferred)
N = 1024
A = np.random.rand(N).astype(np.float64)
B = np.random.rand(N).astype(np.float64)
C = np.zeros(N, dtype=np.float64)
gpu_add(A, B, C, N)

The category Parameter

The category parameter provides hints to the scheduler about the target hardware:

• "edge"
• "desktop"
• "server"

@native(target="openmp", category="desktop")
def cpu_kernel(A, B):
    ...

@native(target="cuda", category="server")
def gpu_kernel(A, B):
    ...

Advanced: Manual Compilation

For more control, you can manually compile and cache the SDFG:

@native(target="openmp")
def my_kernel(A, B, C, N):
    for i in range(N):
        C[i] = A[i] + B[i]

# Pre-compile with sample arguments
compiled = my_kernel.compile(A, B, C, N)

# Reuse compiled version
result = compiled(A, B, C, N)

# Access the underlying SDFG
sdfg = my_kernel.last_sdfg

License

This component is part of docc and is published under the BSD-3-Clause license. See LICENSE for details.