[QUALITY] Refactor Logging Framework: Migrate from JUL to SLF4J/Logback

[arnaud-m]

Motivation / Goal

Currently, our application uses java.util.logging (JUL) directly throughout the codebase.

The goal is to modernize our logging stack by migrating to SLF4J as an abstraction layer, with Logback serving as the concrete implementation binding. This will improve performance, maintainability, and align us with industry best practices.

Tasks

• Dependencies: Update pom.xml to remove the placeholder dependency (slf4j-nop) and replace it with a functional Logback binding.
• Code Refactoring (Core): Systematically audit and refactor all logging calls across the codebase from JUL syntax to SLF4J standard syntax.
• Testing: Ensure all existing log messages are correctly captured and formatted using the new system.