diff --git a/pulsar-broker/src/main/java/org/apache/pulsar/broker/service/PulsarStats.java b/pulsar-broker/src/main/java/org/apache/pulsar/broker/service/PulsarStats.java
index fd2592cb58405..d4c13d8cb0200 100644
--- a/pulsar-broker/src/main/java/org/apache/pulsar/broker/service/PulsarStats.java
+++ b/pulsar-broker/src/main/java/org/apache/pulsar/broker/service/PulsarStats.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
 import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;
 import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.time.Clock;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ public class PulsarStats implements Closeable {
     private final boolean exposePublisherStats;
 
     private final ReentrantReadWriteLock bufferLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
+    private final Clock clock;
 
     @Getter
     private long updatedAt;
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ public PulsarStats(PulsarService pulsar) {
 
         this.exposePublisherStats = pulsar.getConfiguration().isExposePublisherStats();
         this.updatedAt = 0;
-
+        this.clock = pulsar.getClock();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ public synchronized void updateStats(Map<String, Map<String, Map<String, Topic>>
         } finally {
             bufferLock.writeLock().unlock();
         }
-        updatedAt = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        updatedAt = this.clock.millis();
     }
 
     public synchronized NamespaceBundleStats invalidBundleStats(String bundleName) {
diff --git a/pulsar-broker/src/main/java/org/apache/pulsar/broker/service/persistent/MessageDeduplication.java b/pulsar-broker/src/main/java/org/apache/pulsar/broker/service/persistent/MessageDeduplication.java
index 2db01ccc94624..42fd9c3903b2e 100644
--- a/pulsar-broker/src/main/java/org/apache/pulsar/broker/service/persistent/MessageDeduplication.java
+++ b/pulsar-broker/src/main/java/org/apache/pulsar/broker/service/persistent/MessageDeduplication.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import io.github.merlimat.slog.Logger;
 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+import java.time.Clock;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ public class MessageDeduplication {
     private final PersistentTopic topic;
     private final ManagedLedger managedLedger;
     private final ManagedLedgerReplayTask replayTask;
+    private final Clock clock;
     private ManagedCursor managedCursor;
 
     private static final String IS_LAST_CHUNK = "isLastChunk";
@@ -144,6 +146,7 @@ public MessageDeduplication(PulsarService pulsar, PersistentTopic topic, Managed
         this.maxNumberOfProducers = pulsar.getConfiguration().getBrokerDeduplicationMaxNumberOfProducers();
         this.snapshotCounter = 0;
         this.replicatorPrefix = pulsar.getConfiguration().getReplicatorPrefix();
+        this.clock = pulsar.getClock();
         this.replayTask = new ManagedLedgerReplayTask("MessageDeduplication", pulsar.getExecutor(), 100);
         this.log = LOG.with().attr("topic", topic.getName()).build();
     }
@@ -601,7 +604,7 @@ private CompletableFuture<Void> takeSnapshot(Position position) {
             log.debug()
                     .attr("position", position)
                     .log("Stored new deduplication snapshot at");
-            lastSnapshotTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
+            lastSnapshotTimestamp = this.clock.millis();
             snapshotTaking.set(false);
         });
         future.exceptionally(e -> {
@@ -636,14 +639,14 @@ public void producerRemoved(String producerName) {
         }
 
         // Producer is no-longer active
-        inactiveProducers.put(producerName, System.currentTimeMillis());
+        inactiveProducers.put(producerName, this.clock.millis());
     }
 
     /**
      * Remove from hash maps all the producers that were inactive for more than the configured amount of time.
      */
     public synchronized void purgeInactiveProducers() {
-        long minimumActiveTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() - TimeUnit.MINUTES
+        long minimumActiveTimestamp = this.clock.millis() - TimeUnit.MINUTES
                 .toMillis(pulsar.getConfiguration().getBrokerDeduplicationProducerInactivityTimeoutMinutes());
 
         // if not enabled just clear all inactive producer record.
@@ -687,7 +690,7 @@ public void takeSnapshot() {
         }
 
         Integer interval = topic.getHierarchyTopicPolicies().getDeduplicationSnapshotIntervalSeconds().get();
-        long currentTimeStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        long currentTimeStamp = this.clock.millis();
         if (interval == null || interval <= 0
                 || currentTimeStamp - lastSnapshotTimestamp < TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(interval)) {
             return;
diff --git a/pulsar-broker/src/main/java/org/apache/pulsar/broker/service/schema/SchemaRegistryStats.java b/pulsar-broker/src/main/java/org/apache/pulsar/broker/service/schema/SchemaRegistryStats.java
index b1a7dc2a54133..ffe827646a897 100644
--- a/pulsar-broker/src/main/java/org/apache/pulsar/broker/service/schema/SchemaRegistryStats.java
+++ b/pulsar-broker/src/main/java/org/apache/pulsar/broker/service/schema/SchemaRegistryStats.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import io.opentelemetry.api.metrics.LongCounter;
 import io.prometheus.client.Counter;
 import io.prometheus.client.Summary;
+import java.time.Clock;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ enum CompatibilityCheckResponse {
     private static final Summary putOpsLatency = buildSummary("pulsar_schema_put_ops_latency", "-");
 
     private final Map<String, Long> namespaceAccess = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private final Clock clock;
     private final ScheduledFuture<?> future;
 
     public SchemaRegistryStats(PulsarService pulsarService) {
@@ -120,6 +122,7 @@ public SchemaRegistryStats(PulsarService pulsarService) {
                 .setDescription("The number of Schema Registry compatibility check operations performed by the broker.")
                 .setUnit("{operation}")
                 .build();
+        this.clock = pulsarService.getClock();
     }
 
     private static Summary buildSummary(String name, String help) {
@@ -212,7 +215,7 @@ private String getNamespace(String schemaId) {
             namespace = "unknown";
         }
 
-        this.namespaceAccess.put(namespace, System.currentTimeMillis());
+        this.namespaceAccess.put(namespace, this.clock.millis());
         return namespace;
     }
 
@@ -236,7 +239,7 @@ public synchronized void close() throws Exception {
 
     @Override
     public void run() {
-        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        long now = this.clock.millis();
         long interval = TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(5);
 
         this.namespaceAccess.entrySet().removeIf(entry -> {