GH-49538: [C++][FlightRPC][ODBC] Use static linkage in Windows FlightSQL ODBC driver #6044

Job	Run time
check-labels / Check labels	26s
JNI macOS	7m 12s
ODBC Windows	3h 16m 20s
ODBC Linux	2m 23s
JNI ubuntu-24.04-arm arm64v8	28m 28s
JNI ubuntu-latest amd64	37m 18s
ODBC release AMD64 macOS 15-intel	52m 17s
ODBC debug ARM64 macOS 14	5m 23s
AMD64 Debian C++23	4m 36s
ODBC release ARM64 macOS 14	6m 14s
AMD64 Ubuntu Meson	3m 48s
ODBC debug AMD64 macOS 15-intel	16m 48s
AMD64 Ubuntu Large Memory Tests	47m 13s
AMD64 Alpine Linux	7m 32s
ARM64 Windows 11 MSVC / windows	23m 14s
ODBC release	0s
ODBC nightly	0s
report-extra-cpp	0s
	7h 19m 12s

Provide feedback