GH-49538: [C++][FlightRPC][ODBC] Use static linkage in Windows FlightSQL ODBC driver #6040

Job	Run time
check-labels / Check labels	24s
ODBC Linux	2m 26s
JNI ubuntu-24.04-arm arm64v8	10m 57s
JNI macOS	9m 1s
JNI ubuntu-latest amd64	10m 58s
AMD64 Ubuntu Large Memory Tests	10m 37s
AMD64 Debian C++23	5m 31s
ARM64 Windows 11 MSVC / windows	11m 4s
AMD64 Ubuntu Meson	3m 31s
AMD64 Alpine Linux	7m 41s
ODBC debug AMD64 macOS 15-intel	10m 59s
ODBC release AMD64 macOS 15-intel	11m 4s
ODBC debug ARM64 macOS 14	4m 57s
ODBC release ARM64 macOS 14	6m 17s
ODBC Windows	10m 57s
ODBC nightly	1s
ODBC release	1s
report-extra-cpp	0s
	1h 56m 26s

Provide feedback