ColumnIndex length mismatch can cause panic during decoding in Parquet

[pchintar]

Description

Decoding ColumnIndex assumes that page-aligned arrays (null_pages, min_values, max_values) have matching lengths. This assumption is not validated, leading to a panic when they are inconsistent.

---

Root Cause

In parquet/src/file/page_index/column_index.rs, decoding performs unchecked indexing:

let len = null_pages.len();

for (i, is_null) in null_pages.iter().enumerate().take(len) {
    if !is_null {
        let min = min_bytes[i];
        let max = max_bytes[i];
        ...
    }
}

Similarly for byte array indexes:

let min = min_values[i];
let max = max_values[i];

But there is no validation that:

min_values.len() == null_pages.len()
max_values.len() == null_pages.len()

---

Impact

• Panic (index out of bounds) on malformed or corrupted metadata
• Inconsistent with expected behavior (should return ParquetError)
• Affects robustness when handling external/untrusted parquet files

---

Reproduction

// Two pages are declared via null_pages
// But only ONE min/max entry is provided --> length mismatch
let column_index = ThriftColumnIndex {
    null_pages: vec![false, false],     // 2 pages
    min_values: vec![&[1, 0, 0, 0]],   // only 1 entry
    max_values: vec![&[10, 0, 0, 0]],  // only 1 entry
    null_counts: None,
    repetition_level_histograms: None,
    definition_level_histograms: None,
    boundary_order: BoundaryOrder::UNORDERED,
};

let _ = PrimitiveColumnIndex::<i32>::try_from_thrift(column_index);

Results in Panic:

index out of bounds: the len is 1 but the index is 1

---

Expected Behavior

Return a ParquetError when array lengths do not match the number of pages.

---

Proposed Fix

Validate lengths in:

• PrimitiveColumnIndex::try_new
• ByteArrayColumnIndex::try_new

before indexing into min_values / max_values.

[alamb]

label_issue.py automatically added labels {'parquet'} from #9833