diff --git a/src/main/java/com/bop/youthpick/global/config/OpenApiConfig.java b/src/main/java/com/bop/youthpick/global/config/OpenApiConfig.java
index e9d78cc..c84ee14 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/bop/youthpick/global/config/OpenApiConfig.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/bop/youthpick/global/config/OpenApiConfig.java
@@ -1,26 +1,85 @@
 package com.bop.youthpick.global.config;
 
+import com.bop.youthpick.global.error.ErrorResponse;
+import io.swagger.v3.core.converter.AnnotatedType;
+import io.swagger.v3.core.converter.ModelConverters;
+import io.swagger.v3.core.converter.ResolvedSchema;
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.Components;
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.OpenAPI;
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Info;
+import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.media.Content;
+import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.media.MediaType;
+import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.media.Schema;
+import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.responses.ApiResponse;
+import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.responses.ApiResponses;
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.SecurityRequirement;
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.security.SecurityScheme;
+import org.springdoc.core.customizers.OperationCustomizer;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 
+/**
+ * 성공 응답의 실제 타입은 컨트롤러 반환 타입에서 springdoc이 자동으로 뽑아내지만(예: {@code ApiResponseListPolicyCardResponse}),
+ * 에러 응답({@code global.error.ErrorResponse})은 예외 핸들러가 던지는 것이라 컨트롤러 시그니처에 드러나지 않는다. 그래서 스키마 등록과
+ * 4XX/5XX 기본 응답 노출을 여기서 전역으로 채워준다.
+ */
 @Configuration
 public class OpenApiConfig {
 
     private static final String BEARER_AUTH_SCHEME = "bearerAuth";
+    private static final String ERROR_SCHEMA_NAME = "ErrorResponse";
 
     @Bean
     OpenAPI openAPI() {
+        Components components =
+                new Components().addSecuritySchemes(BEARER_AUTH_SCHEME, bearerAuthScheme());
+        registerErrorSchema(components);
+
         return new OpenAPI()
                 .info(apiInfo())
                 .addSecurityItem(new SecurityRequirement().addList(BEARER_AUTH_SCHEME))
-                .components(
-                        new Components()
-                                .addSecuritySchemes(BEARER_AUTH_SCHEME, bearerAuthScheme()));
+                .components(components);
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    OperationCustomizer errorResponseCustomizer() {
+        Content errorContent =
+                new Content()
+                        .addMediaType(
+                                "application/json",
+                                new MediaType()
+                                        .schema(
+                                                new Schema<>()
+                                                        .$ref(
+                                                                "#/components/schemas/"
+                                                                        + ERROR_SCHEMA_NAME)));
+
+        return (operation, handlerMethod) -> {
+            ApiResponses responses = operation.getResponses();
+            responses.addApiResponse(
+                    "4XX",
+                    errorApiResponse(
+                            errorContent,
+                            "클라이언트 오류 — 공통 에러 응답 형식(ErrorResponse)으로 내려간다. code 필드로 원인을 구분한다(예: C001"
+                                    + " 입력값 오류, A001 인증 실패)."));
+            responses.addApiResponse(
+                    "5XX",
+                    errorApiResponse(
+                            errorContent, "서버 내부 오류 — 공통 에러 응답 형식(ErrorResponse)으로 내려간다(S001)."));
+            return operation;
+        };
+    }
+
+    private ApiResponse errorApiResponse(Content content, String description) {
+        return new ApiResponse().description(description).content(content);
+    }
+
+    private void registerErrorSchema(Components components) {
+        ResolvedSchema resolvedSchema =
+                ModelConverters.getInstance()
+                        .resolveAsResolvedSchema(new AnnotatedType(ErrorResponse.class));
+        components.addSchemas(ERROR_SCHEMA_NAME, resolvedSchema.schema);
+        resolvedSchema.referencedSchemas.forEach(components::addSchemas);
     }
 
     private Info apiInfo() {