diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index dc95bcdb05e2f6..f0e5ba3b04e462 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -18769,6 +18769,7 @@
 				"@wordpress/date": "file:packages/date",
 				"@wordpress/deprecated": "file:packages/deprecated",
 				"@wordpress/dom": "file:packages/dom",
+				"@wordpress/editor": "file:packages/editor",
 				"@wordpress/element": "file:packages/element",
 				"@wordpress/escape-html": "file:packages/escape-html",
 				"@wordpress/hooks": "file:packages/hooks",
diff --git a/packages/block-library/package.json b/packages/block-library/package.json
index ef95510c01421f..16b2afa6d99203 100644
--- a/packages/block-library/package.json
+++ b/packages/block-library/package.json
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 		"@wordpress/date": "file:../date",
 		"@wordpress/deprecated": "file:../deprecated",
 		"@wordpress/dom": "file:../dom",
+		"@wordpress/editor": "file:../editor",
 		"@wordpress/element": "file:../element",
 		"@wordpress/escape-html": "file:../escape-html",
 		"@wordpress/hooks": "file:../hooks",
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/page-list/block.json b/packages/block-library/src/page-list/block.json
index 146f236fca84f8..f654922dcb4afb 100644
--- a/packages/block-library/src/page-list/block.json
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/page-list/block.json
@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@
 	"name": "core/page-list",
 	"title": "Page List",
 	"category": "widgets",
-	"description": "Display a list of all pages.",
+	"description": "Display a list of pages.",
 	"keywords": [ "menu", "navigation" ],
 	"textdomain": "default",
 	"attributes": {
+		"showOnlyChildPages": {
+			"type": "boolean"
+		}
 	},
 	"usesContext": [
 		"textColor",
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/page-list/edit.js b/packages/block-library/src/page-list/edit.js
index 7d44a376ce0429..49ea5580e64c54 100644
--- a/packages/block-library/src/page-list/edit.js
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/page-list/edit.js
@@ -11,10 +11,19 @@ import {
 	BlockControls,
 	useBlockProps,
 	getColorClassName,
+	InspectorControls,
 } from '@wordpress/block-editor';
-import { ToolbarButton, Placeholder, Spinner } from '@wordpress/components';
+import {
+	PanelBody,
+	Placeholder,
+	Spinner,
+	ToggleControl,
+	ToolbarButton,
+} from '@wordpress/components';
+import { useSelect } from '@wordpress/data';
+import { store as editorStore } from '@wordpress/editor';
 import { __ } from '@wordpress/i18n';
-import { useEffect, useState, memo } from '@wordpress/element';
+import { memo, useEffect, useState } from '@wordpress/element';
 import apiFetch from '@wordpress/api-fetch';
 import { addQueryArgs } from '@wordpress/url';
 
@@ -28,7 +37,12 @@ import { ItemSubmenuIcon } from '../navigation-link/icons';
 // Performance of Navigation Links is not good past this value.
 const MAX_PAGE_COUNT = 100;
 
-export default function PageListEdit( { context, clientId } ) {
+export default function PageListEdit( {
+	attributes,
+	clientId,
+	context,
+	setAttributes,
+} ) {
 	const { pagesByParentId, totalPages } = usePagesByParentId();
 
 	const isNavigationChild = 'showSubmenuIcon' in context;
@@ -39,6 +53,13 @@ export default function PageListEdit( { context, clientId } ) {
 	const openModal = () => setOpen( true );
 	const closeModal = () => setOpen( false );
 
+	const showChildPageToggle = useSelect( ( select ) => {
+		const { getCurrentPostType } = select( editorStore );
+		const currentPostType = getCurrentPostType();
+		const hideToggleFrom = [ 'post' ];
+		return ! hideToggleFrom.includes( currentPostType );
+	} );
+
 	const blockProps = useBlockProps( {
 		className: classnames( 'wp-block-page-list', {
 			'has-text-color': !! context.textColor,
@@ -57,6 +78,24 @@ export default function PageListEdit( { context, clientId } ) {
 
 	return (
 		<>
+			<InspectorControls>
+				{ showChildPageToggle && (
+					<PanelBody>
+						<ToggleControl
+							label={ __( 'Limit to child pages' ) }
+							checked={ !! attributes.showOnlyChildPages }
+							onChange={ () =>
+								setAttributes( {
+									showOnlyChildPages: ! attributes.showOnlyChildPages,
+								} )
+							}
+							help={ __(
+								'When enabled, the block lists only child pages of the current page.'
+							) }
+						/>
+					</PanelBody>
+				) }
+			</InspectorControls>
 			{ allowConvertToLinks && (
 				<BlockControls group="other">
 					<ToolbarButton title={ __( 'Edit' ) } onClick={ openModal }>
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/page-list/index.php b/packages/block-library/src/page-list/index.php
index 733d2e0e4354ee..3b39e48e19aa8d 100644
--- a/packages/block-library/src/page-list/index.php
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/page-list/index.php
@@ -226,6 +226,31 @@ function block_core_page_list_nest_pages( $current_level, $children ) {
 	return $current_level;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Determines if page should be classified as top-level or child page. Broken
+ * out to this function to explain instead of a complex if statement.
+ * When only_child_pages is true, force child pages to be considered top level.
+ * Thy are top level since the parent is not shown (only child pages).
+ *
+ * @param int     $page_parent_id Parent id of the page being tested.
+ * @param boolean $only_child_pages Only showing child pages.
+ * @param int     $parent_id Top level parent id for child pages, needed so we can nest grand children.
+ * @return boolean True if page should be considered a child page.
+ */
+function block_core_page_list_treat_as_child( $page_parent_id, $only_child_pages, $parent_id ) {
+	if ( ! $page_parent_id ) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Check only child pages, and id matches parent, then it is top level and
+	// should not be treated like a child page.
+	if ( $only_child_pages && ( $page_parent_id === $parent_id ) ) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 /**
  * Renders the `core/page-list` block on server.
  *
@@ -236,16 +261,30 @@ function block_core_page_list_nest_pages( $current_level, $children ) {
  * @return string Returns the page list markup.
  */
 function render_block_core_page_list( $attributes, $content, $block ) {
+	global $post;
 	static $block_id = 0;
 	$block_id++;
 
-	$all_pages = get_pages(
-		array(
-			'sort_column' => 'menu_order,post_title',
-			'order'       => 'asc',
-		)
+	$only_child_pages = isset( $attributes['showOnlyChildPages'] ) && $attributes['showOnlyChildPages'];
+	// The pages will be siblings (same parent) or set parent id equal to self if no children.
+	$parent_id = ( $post->post_parent ) ? $post->post_parent : $post->ID;
+
+	// TODO: When https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/39037 REST API support for multiple orderby values is resolved,
+	// update 'sort_column' to 'menu_order, post_title'. Sorting by both menu_order and post_title ensures a stable sort.
+	// Otherwise with pages that have the same menu_order value, we can see different ordering depending on how DB
+	// queries are constructed internally. For example we might see a different order when a limit is set to <499
+	// versus >= 500.
+	$query_args = array(
+		'sort_column' => 'menu_order',
+		'order'       => 'asc',
 	);
 
+	if ( $only_child_pages && $parent_id ) {
+		$query_args['child_of'] = $parent_id;
+	}
+
+	$all_pages = get_pages( $query_args );
+
 	// If thare are no pages, there is nothing to show.
 	if ( empty( $all_pages ) ) {
 		return;
@@ -264,7 +303,8 @@ function render_block_core_page_list( $attributes, $content, $block ) {
 			$active_page_ancestor_ids = get_post_ancestors( $page->ID );
 		}
 
-		if ( $page->post_parent ) {
+		// See function for logic when pages are treated like child pages.
+		if ( block_core_page_list_treat_as_child( $page->post_parent, $only_child_pages, $parent_id ) ) {
 			$pages_with_children[ $page->post_parent ][ $page->ID ] = array(
 				'page_id'   => $page->ID,
 				'title'     => $page->post_title,