MyLibrary2.bib

@article{phillips_warehouse_2024,
	title = {Warehouse {CITY} – {An} open data product for evaluating warehouse land-use in {Southern} {California}},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {2399-8083},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241262553},
	doi = {10.1177/23998083241262553},
	abstract = {Warehouse CITY is an open data product used to visualize and quantify the cumulative impact of warehouses within Southern California. Community groups, researchers, planners, and local agencies apply this open data product in project approval processes, research, lawsuits, and education. Warehouse CITY estimates the cumulative impacts of warehouse counts, acreage, building footprint, heavy-duty truck trips, diesel particulate matter emissions, oxides of nitrogen emissions, carbon dioxide emissions, and jobs. The Warehouse CITY open data product and dashboard is available as a website and at a GitHub repository.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-06-26},
	journal = {Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science},
	author = {Phillips, Susan A and McCarthy, Michael C},
	month = jun,
	year = {2024},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd STM},
	pages = {23998083241262553},
}

@article{mccarthy_characterization_2009,
	title = {Characterization of the {Chronic} {Risk} and {Hazard} of {Hazardous} {Air} {Pollutants} in the {United} {States} {Using} {Ambient} {Monitoring} {Data}},
	volume = {117},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	url = {https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/ehp.11861},
	doi = {10.1289/ehp.11861},
	abstract = {BackgroundAmbient measurements of hazardous air pollutants (air toxics) have been used to validate model-predicted concentrations of air toxics but have not been used to perform risk screening at the national level.ObjectivesWe used ambient concentrations of routinely measured air toxics to determine the relative importance of individual air toxics for chronic cancer and noncancer exposures.MethodsWe compiled 3-year averages for ambient measurement of air toxics collected at monitoring locations in the United States from 2003 through 2005. We then used national distributions of risk-weighted concentrations to identify the air toxics of most concern.ResultsConcentrations of benzene, carbon tetrachloride, arsenic, 1,3-butadiene, and acetaldehyde were above the 10−6 cancer risk level at most sites nationally with a high degree of confidence. Concentrations of tetrachloroethylene, ethylene oxide, acrylonitrile, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene were also often greater than the 10−6 cancer risk level, but we have less confidence in the estimated risk associated with these pollutants. Formaldehyde and chromium VI concentrations were either above or below the 10−6 cancer risk level, depending on the choice of agency-recommended 10−6 level. The method detection limits of eight additional pollutants were too high to rule out that concentrations were above the 10−6 cancer risk level. Concentrations of 52 compounds compared with chronic noncancer benchmarks indicated that only acrolein concentrations were greater than the noncancer reference concentration at most monitoring sites.ConclusionsMost pollutants with national site-level averages greater than health benchmarks were also pollutants of concern identified in modeled national-scale risk assessments. Current monitoring networks need more sensitive ambient measurement techniques to better characterize the air toxics problem in the United States.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Environmental Health Perspectives},
	author = {McCarthy, Michael and O’Brien, Theresa and {Charrier Jessica G.} and {Hafner Hilary R.}},
	month = may,
	year = {2009},
	note = {Publisher: Environmental Health Perspectives},
	keywords = {Air Toxics, Risk assessment, national, EPA},
	pages = {790--796},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\S4498BN4\\McCarthy Michael C. et al. - 2009 - Characterization of the Chronic Risk and Hazard of.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\65KSHHRP\\ehp.html:text/html},
}



@article{mccarthy_source_2013,
	title = {Source apportionment of volatile organic compounds measured in {Edmonton}, {Alberta}},
	volume = {81},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1352-2310},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231013007048},
	doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.09.016},
	abstract = {From 2003 to 2009, whole air samples were collected at two sites in Edmonton and analyzed for over 77 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs were sampled in the downtown area (Central site) and an industrial area on the eastern side of the city (East site). Concentrations of most VOCs were highest at the East site, with an average total VOC mass concentration of 221 μg m−3. The average total VOC mass concentration at the Central site was 65 μg m−3. The United States Environmental Protection Agency's positive matrix factorization receptor model (EPA PMF) was used to apportion ambient concentrations of VOCs into eleven factors, which were associated with emissions sources. On average, 94 and 99\% of the measured mass were apportioned by PMF at the East and Central site, respectively. Factors include transportation combustion (gasoline and diesel), industrial sources (industrial evaporative, industrial feedstock, gasoline production/storage, industrial chemical use), mixed mobile and industrial (gasoline evaporative, fugitive butane), a biogenic source, a natural gas related source, and a factor that was associated with global background pollutants transported into the area. Transportation sources accounted for more than half of the reconstructed VOC mass concentration at the Central site, but less than 10\% of the reconstructed mass concentration at the East site. By contrast, industrial sources accounted for ten times more of the reconstructed VOC mass concentration at the East site than at the Central site and were responsible for approximately 75\% of the reconstructed VOC mass concentration observed at the East site. Of the six industrial factors identified at the East site, four were linked to petrochemical industry production and storage. The two largest contributors to the reconstructed VOC mass concentration at the East site were associated with fugitive emissions of volatile species (butanes, pentanes, hexane, and cyclohexane); together, these two factors accounted for more than 50\% of the reconstructed VOC mass concentration at the East site in contrast to less than 2\% of the reconstructed mass concentration at the Central site. Natural gas related emissions accounted for 10\%–20\% of the reconstructed mass concentration at both sites. Biogenic emissions and VOCs associated with well-mixed global background were less than 10\% of the reconstructed VOC mass concentration at the Central site and less than 3\% of the reconstructed mass concentration at the East site.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Atmospheric Environment},
	author = {McCarthy, Michael C. and Aklilu, Yayne-Abeba and Brown, Steven G. and Lyder, David A.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Source apportionment, Positive matrix factorization, National air pollution surveillance, VOCs, Volatile organic compounds},
	pages = {504--516},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\HZ8LMI57\\S1352231013007048.html:text/html},
}

@article{craig_modeled_2020,
	title = {Modeled and measured near-road {PM2}.5 concentrations: {Indianapolis} and {Providence} cases},
	volume = {240},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1352-2310},
	shorttitle = {Modeled and measured near-road {PM2}.5 concentrations},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231020305070},
	doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117775},
	abstract = {Modeling analyses were developed to evaluate near-road PM2.5 concentrations predicted by the AERMOD dispersion modeling chain under real-world conditions, and to assess the sensitivity of modeled near-road concentrations to the choice of dispersion model (AERMOD or CAL3QHCR), meteorological data, and travel data processing approach. We evaluate PM2.5 monitoring sites near major freeways in Indianapolis, Indiana (for 2016) and Providence, Rhode Island (for 2015–2016). The modeling analyses are built upon bottom-up estimates of temporally and spatially resolved roadway PM2.5 emissions based on traffic monitoring data and local vehicle fleet emission factors. The dispersion model simulations use local meteorological data collected at or close to the near-road monitoring sites. Predictions involved a modeling chain that included travel activity data processing, emissions modeling (MOVES and AP-42), and air quality dispersion modeling. We estimated the difference between PM2.5 concentrations at the near-road monitor and at nearby urban air quality monitoring sites (the measured near-road “increment”), and compared modeled results to the measured increments. Based on monitoring data, estimates of multi-day-averaged near-road PM2.5 increments were 0.9 ± 0.6 μg/m3 at Indianapolis and 1.4 ± 0.2 μg/m3 at Providence (where the uncertainty represents the 95\% confidence interval on the mean value), and were comparable to measured PM2.5 increments at these sites in the near-road literature. Modeled roadway contributions to multi-day-averaged near-road concentrations substantially exceeded measured values based on the near-road monitoring data. The average near-road PM2.5 increment modeled with AERMOD was more than 300\% (factor of four) larger than the measured increment at Indianapolis, and more than 500\% (factor of six) larger than the measured increment at Providence. These biases reflect cumulative uncertainty throughout the near-road PM2.5 modeling chain. The emissions modeling component may have contributed to the modeling chain biases in two ways. First, the relative contribution of modeled non-exhaust emissions (PM2.5 brake wear, tire wear, and re-suspended road dust) compared to tailpipe exhaust emissions was higher than what has been documented in several published studies. Second, other research findings indicate that the U.S. EPA MOVES2014 model may over-predict tailpipe PM2.5 exhaust. The dispersion modeling component may have also contributed to the modeling chain biases. For example, when local meteorological data were used, AERMOD results were relatively insensitive to wind direction on a daily averaged basis; as a result, modeled concentrations exceeded measured values regardless of whether the near-road monitor was upwind or downwind of the roadway. In summary, this work provides a unique evaluation of PM2.5 concentrations predicted by the near-road modeling chain, and provides valuable information to understand potential sources of uncertainty in the near-road modeling process.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Atmospheric Environment},
	author = {Craig, Kenneth J. and Baringer, Lynn M. and Chang, Shih-Ying and McCarthy, Michael C. and Bai, Song and Seagram, Annie F. and Ravi, Vikram and Landsberg, Karin and Eisinger, Douglas S.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {PM, Air pollution, AERMOD, Dispersion modeling, Emissions modeling, Near-road},
	pages = {117775},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\986HFAW7\\S1352231020305070.html:text/html},
}

@article{brown_changes_2014,
	title = {Changes in air quality at near-roadway schools after a major freeway expansion in {Las} {Vegas}, {Nevada}},
	volume = {64},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1096-2247, 2162-2906},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10962247.2014.907217},
	doi = {10.1080/10962247.2014.907217},
	language = {en},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Journal of the Air \& Waste Management Association},
	author = {Brown, Steven G. and McCarthy, Michael C. and DeWinter, Jennifer L. and Vaughn, David L. and Roberts, Paul T.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {CO, Near-road, black carbon},
	pages = {1003--1012},
	file = {Brown et al. - 2014 - Changes in air quality at near-roadway schools aft.pdf:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\UB6E6UKW\\Brown et al. - 2014 - Changes in air quality at near-roadway schools aft.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{mccarthy_assessment_2021,
	title = {Assessment of mobile source air toxics in an {Environmental} {Justice} {Denver} community adjacent to a freeway},
	volume = {71},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1096-2247},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2020.1734113},
	doi = {10.1080/10962247.2020.1734113},
	abstract = {Air pollutant concentrations are often higher near major roadways than in the surrounding environments owing to emissions from on-road mobile sources. In this study, we quantified the gradient in black carbon (BC) and air toxics concentrations from the I-70 freeway in the Elyria-Swansea environmental justice neighborhood in Denver, Colorado, during three measurement campaigns in 2017–2018. The average hourly upwind-downwind gradient of BC concentrations from the roadway was 500–800 ng/m3, equal to an increment of approximately 30-80\% above local background levels within 180 m of the freeway. When integrated over all wind directions, the gradients were smaller, approximately 150–300 ng/m3 ( 11-18\%) over the course of nearly four months of measurements. No statistically significant gradient in air toxics (e.g., benzene, formaldehyde, etc.) was found, likely because the uncertainties in the mean concentrations were larger than the magnitude of the gradient ({\textless}25\%). This finding is in contrast to some earlier studies in which small gradients of benzene and other VOCs were found. We estimate that sample sizes of at least 100 individual measurements would have been required to estimate mean concentrations with sufficient certainty to quantify gradients on the order of ±10\% uncertainty. These gradient estimates are smaller than those found in previous studies over the past two decades; more stringent emissions standards, the local fleet age distribution, and/or the steady turnover of the vehicle fleet may be reducing the overall impact of roadway emissions on near-road communities. Implications: Gradients of near-road pollution may be declining in the near-road environment as tailpipe emissions from the vehicle fleet continue to decrease. Near-road concentration gradients of mobile source air toxics, including benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and ethylbenzene, will require higher sample sizes to quantify as emissions continue to decline.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Journal of the Air \& Waste Management Association},
	author = {McCarthy, Michael C. and Mukherjee, Anondo D. and Ogletree, Michael and Furst, Jonathan and Gosselin, Marie I. and Tigges, Mark and Thomas, Gregg and Brown, Steven G.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2021},
	pmid = {32091969},
	note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2020.1734113},
	keywords = {Near-road, Air toxics, black carbon, EJ},
	pages = {231--246},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\JCRMK8DY\\10962247.2020.html:text/html},
}

@article{brown_assessment_2020,
	title = {Assessment of {Ambient} {Air} {Toxics} and {Wood} {Smoke} {Pollution} among {Communities} in {Sacramento} {County}},
	volume = {17},
	copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/3/1080},
	doi = {10.3390/ijerph17031080},
	abstract = {Ambient air monitoring and phone survey data were collected in three environmental justice (EJ) and three non-EJ communities in Sacramento County during winter 2016\–2017 to understand the differences in air toxics and in wood smoke pollution among communities. Concentrations of six hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and black carbon (BC) from fossil fuel (BCff) were significantly higher at EJ communities versus non-EJ communities. BC from wood burning (BCwb) was significantly higher at non-EJ communities. Correlation analysis indicated that the six HAPs were predominantly from fossil fuel combustion sources, not from wood burning. The HAPs were moderately variable across sites (coefficient of divergence (COD) range of 0.07 for carbon tetrachloride to 0.28 for m- and p-xylenes), while BCff and BCwb were highly variable (COD values of 0.46 and 0.50). The BCwb was well correlated with levoglucosan (R2 of 0.68 to 0.95), indicating that BCwb was a robust indicator for wood burning. At the two permanent monitoring sites, wood burning comprised 29\–39\% of the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on nights when PM2.5 concentrations were forecasted to be high. Phone survey data were consistent with study measurements; the only significant difference in the survey results among communities were that non-EJ residents burn with indoor devices more often than EJ residents.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
	author = {Brown, Steven G. and Lam Snyder, Janice and McCarthy, Michael C. and Pavlovic, Nathan R. and D’Andrea, Stephen and Hanson, Joseph and Sullivan, Amy P. and Hafner, Hilary R.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Number: 3
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
	keywords = {Air toxics, black carbon, EJ, community air monitoring, wood smoke},
	pages = {1080},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\H6E5BRML\\Brown et al. - 2020 - Assessment of Ambient Air Toxics and Wood Smoke Po.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\TELKNMFS\\1080.html:text/html},
}

@article{mccarthy_temporal_2007,
	title = {Temporal variability of selected air toxics in the {United} {States}},
	volume = {41},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1352-2310},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231007004840},
	doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.037},
	abstract = {Ambient measurements of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs, air toxics) collected in the United States from 1990 to 2005 were analyzed for diurnal, seasonal, and/or annual variability and trends. Visual and statistical analyses were used to identify and quantify temporal variations in air toxics at national and regional levels. Sufficient data were available to analyze diurnal variability for 14 air toxics, seasonal variability for 24 air toxics, and annual trends for 26 air toxics. Four diurnal variation patterns were identified and labeled invariant, nighttime peak, morning peak, and daytime peak. Three distinct seasonal patterns were identified and labeled invariant, cool, and warm. Multiple air toxics showed consistent decreasing trends over three trend periods, 1990–2005, 1995–2005, and 2000–2005. Trends appeared to be relatively consistent within chemically similar pollutant groups. Hydrocarbons such as benzene, 1,3-butadiene, styrene, xylene, and toluene decreased by approximately 5\% or more per year at more than half of all monitoring sites. Concentrations of carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde were equally likely to have increased or decreased at monitoring sites. Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane, and methyl chloroform decreased at more than half of all monitoring sites, but decreases among these species were much more variable than among the hydrocarbons. Lead particles decreased in concentration at most monitoring sites, but trends in other metals were not consistent over time.},
	language = {en},
	number = {34},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Atmospheric Environment},
	author = {McCarthy, Michael C. and Hafner, Hilary R. and Chinkin, Lyle R. and Charrier, Jessica G.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {air quality, Hazardous air pollutants, Air toxics, Diurnal, Seasonal, Trends},
	pages = {7180--7194},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\PDUGJCH4\\S1352231007004840.html:text/html},
}

@article{mukherjee_influence_2020,
	title = {Influence of roadway emissions on near-road {PM2}.5: {Monitoring} data analysis and implications},
	volume = {86},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1361-9209},
	shorttitle = {Influence of roadway emissions on near-road {PM2}.5},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920920306295},
	doi = {10.1016/j.trd.2020.102442},
	abstract = {Transportation projects must undergo a transportation conformity hot-spot analysis if they are designated as projects of local air quality concern (POAQC). We examined particulate matter 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter or smaller (PM2.5) concentrations measured in 2017 from 48 near-road monitoring sites across the U.S. Annual average PM2.5 increments, the difference between near-road and background PM2.5, were between 0.1 ± 0.2 µg/m3 and 2.0 ± 0.2 µg/m3 for sites without noted confounding factor(s). The highest PM2.5 increment from monitors 10 or more meters from the roadway was 1.4 ± 0.2 µg/m3. Using modeled national average exhaust emissions, and associated near-road contribution to PM2.5, the upper bound of2.0 ± 0.2 µg/m3 isprojected to decrease 30\% from 2017 to2040, for the types of highways assessed here, assuming a roadway with 8\% heavy-duty vehicles and constant traffic volumes. These results can help inform transportation conformity POAQC designations.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
	author = {Mukherjee, Anondo and McCarthy, Michael C. and Brown, Steven G. and Huang, ShihMing and Landsberg, Karin and Eisinger, Douglas S.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {PM, Air pollution, Near-road, Roadway emissions},
	pages = {102442},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\5IPBAWVD\\Mukherjee et al. - 2020 - Influence of roadway emissions on near-road PM2.5.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\KZA5VM8Z\\S1361920920306295.html:text/html},
}

@article{mukherjee_measuring_2019,
	title = {Measuring {Spatial} and {Temporal} {PM2}.5 {Variations} in {Sacramento}, {California}, {Communities} {Using} a {Network} of {Low}-{Cost} {Sensors}},
	volume = {19},
	copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4701},
	doi = {10.3390/s19214701},
	abstract = {Low-cost sensors can provide insight on the spatio-temporal variability of air pollution, provided that sufficient efforts are made to ensure data quality. Here, 19 AirBeam particulate matter (PM) sensors were deployed from December 2016 to January 2017 to determine the spatial variability of PM2.5 in Sacramento, California. Prior to, and after, the study, the 19 sensors were deployed and collocated at a regulatory air monitoring site. The sensors demonstrated a high degree of precision during all collocated measurement periods (Pearson R2 = 0.98 \− 0.99 across all sensors), with little drift. A sensor-specific correction factor was developed such that each sensor reported a comparable value. Sensors had a moderate degree of correlation with regulatory monitors during the study (R2 = 0.60 \− 0.68 at two sites). In a multi-linear regression model, the deviation between sensor and reference measurements of PM2.5 had the highest correlation with dew point and relative humidity. Sensor measurements were used to estimate the PM2.5 spatial variability, finding an average pairwise coefficient of divergence of 0.22 and a range of 0.14 to 0.33, indicating mostly homogeneous distributions. No significant difference in the average sensor PM concentrations between environmental justice (EJ) and non-EJ communities (p value = 0.24) was observed.},
	language = {en},
	number = {21},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Sensors},
	author = {Mukherjee, Anondo and Brown, Steven G. and McCarthy, Michael C. and Pavlovic, Nathan R. and Stanton, Levi G. and Snyder, Janice Lam and D’Andrea, Stephen and Hafner, Hilary R.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Number: 21
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
	keywords = {air quality, PM, particulate matter, sensors, EJ, calibration strategies, community monitoring, low-cost sensor, network design},
	pages = {4701},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\LMPBRRRW\\Mukherjee et al. - 2019 - Measuring Spatial and Temporal PM2.5 Variations in.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\SGKMY5FC\\4701.html:text/html},
}

@article{lurmann_processes_2013,
	title = {Processes {Influencing} {Ambient} {Concentrations} {Near} {Roadways}},
	volume = {18},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	language = {en},
	journal = {Environ. Man. J},
	author = {Lurmann, Fred and Brown, Steven G. and McCarthy, Michael C. and Eisinger, Douglas S. and Roberts, Paul T.},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {6},
	file = {Lurmann - 2013 - Processes Influencing Ambient Concentrations Near .pdf:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\6IU4NHNZ\\Lurmann - 2013 - Processes Influencing Ambient Concentrations Near .pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{raffuse_high-resolution_2013,
	title = {High-resolution {MODIS} aerosol retrieval during wildfire events in {California} for use in exposure assessment: {HIGH}-{RESOLUTION} {MODIS} {AOD} {FOR} {WILDFIRES}},
	volume = {118},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {2169897X},
	shorttitle = {High-resolution {MODIS} aerosol retrieval during wildfire events in {California} for use in exposure assessment},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrd.50862},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrd.50862},
	language = {en},
	number = {19},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
	author = {Raffuse, Sean M. and McCarthy, Michael C. and Craig, Kenneth J. and DeWinter, Jennifer L. and Jumbam, Loayeh K. and Fruin, Scott and James Gauderman, W. and Lurmann, Frederick W.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {PM, AOD, Satellite, Wildfires},
	pages = {11,242--11,255},
	file = {Raffuse et al. - 2013 - High-resolution MODIS aerosol retrieval during wil.pdf:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\V2PIF4C5\\Raffuse et al. - 2013 - High-resolution MODIS aerosol retrieval during wil.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{brown_wintertime_2006,
	title = {Wintertime {Vertical} {Variations} in {Particulate} {Matter} ({PM}) and {Precursor} {Concentrations} in the {San} {Joaquin} {Valley} during the {California} {Regional} {Coarse} {PM}/{Fine} {PM} {Air} {Quality} {Study}},
	volume = {56},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1096-2247, 2162-2906},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464583},
	doi = {10.1080/10473289.2006.10464583},
	abstract = {Air quality monitoring was conducted at a rural site with a tower in the middle of California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and at elevated sites in the foothills and mountains surrounding the SJV for the California Regional PM10/ PM2.5 Air Quality Study. Measurements at the surface and on a tower at 90 m were collected in Angiola, CA, from December 2000 through February 2001 and included hourly black carbon (BC), particle counts from optical particle counters, nitric oxide, ozone, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and direction. Boundary site measurements were made primarily using 24-hr integrated particulate matter (PM) samples. These measurements were used to understand the vertical variations of PM and PM precursors, the effect of stratification in the winter on concentrations and chemistry aloft and at the surface, and the impact of aloft-versus-surface transport on PM concentrations. Vertical variations of concentrations differed among individual species. The stratification may be important to atmospheric chemistry processes, particularly nighttime nitrate formation aloft, because NO2 appeared to be oxidized by ozone in the stratified aloft layer. Additionally, increases in accumulation-mode particle concentrations in the aloft layer during a fine PM (PM2.5) episode corresponded with increases in aloft nitrate, demonstrating the likelihood of an aloft nighttime nitrate formation mechanism. Evidence of local transport at the surface and regional transport aloft was found; transport processes also varied among the species. The distribution of BC appeared to be regional, and BC was often uniformly mixed vertically. Overall, the combination of time-resolved tower and surface measurements provided important insight into PM stratification, formation, and transport.},
	language = {en},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Journal of the Air \& Waste Management Association},
	author = {Brown, Steven G. and Hyslop, Nicole P. and Roberts, Paul T. and McCarthy, Michael C. and Lurmann, Frederick W.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {PM, SJV, Tower},
	pages = {1267--1277},
	file = {Brown et al. - 2006 - Wintertime Vertical Variations in Particulate Matt.pdf:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\EP4S2UFA\\Brown et al. - 2006 - Wintertime Vertical Variations in Particulate Matt.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{mccarthy_particulate_2006,
	title = {Particulate {Matter}: {A} {Strategic} {Vision} for {Transportation} {Related} {Research}},
	volume = {40},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	doi = {10.1021/es062767i},
	language = {en},
	number = {18},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	author = {McCarthy, Michael C. and Eisinger, Douglas and Hafner, Hilary R. and Black, Kevin N and Clark, Nigel and McMurry, Peter and Winer, Arthur},
	month = sep,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {PM, Near-road},
	pages = {7},
	file = {Black - MICHAEL C. McCARTHY DOUGLAS S. EISINGER HILARY R. .pdf:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\49TKPM5V\\Black - MICHAEL C. McCARTHY DOUGLAS S. EISINGER HILARY R. .pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{lurmann_processes_2006,
	title = {Processes {Influencing} {Secondary} {Aerosol} {Formation} in the {San} {Joaquin} {Valley} during {Winter}},
	volume = {56},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1096-2247},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464573},
	doi = {10.1080/10473289.2006.10464573},
	abstract = {Air quality data collected in the California Regional PM10/PM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) are analyzed to qualitatively assess the processes affecting secondary aerosol formation in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV). This region experiences some of the highest fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass concentrations in California (≤188 μg/m3 24-hr average), and secondary aerosol components (as a group) frequently constitute over half of the fine aerosol mass in winter. The analyses are based on 15 days of high-frequency filter and canister measurements and several months of wintertime continuous gas and aerosol measurements. The phase-partitioning of nitrogen oxide (NOx)-related nitrogen species and carbonaceous species shows that concentrations of gaseous precursor species are far more abundant than measured secondary aerosol nitrate or estimated secondary organic aerosols. Comparisons of ammonia and nitric acid concentrations indicate that ammonium nitrate formation is limited by the availability of nitric acid rather than ammonia. Time-resolved aerosol nitrate data collected at the surface and on a 90-m tower suggest that both the daytime and nighttime nitric acid formation pathways are active, and entrainment of aerosol nitrate formed aloft at night may explain the spatial homogeneity of nitrate in the SJV. NOx and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions plus background O3 levels are expected to determine NOx oxidation and nitric acid production rates, which currently control the ammonium nitrate levels in the SJV. Secondary organic aerosol formation is significant in winter, especially in the Fresno urban area. Formation of secondary organic aerosol is more likely limited by the rate of VOC oxidation than the availability of VOC precursors in winter.},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Journal of the Air \& Waste Management Association},
	author = {Lurmann, Frederick W. and Brown, Steven G. and McCarthy, Michael C. and Roberts, Paul T.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2006},
	note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464573},
	keywords = {PM, SJV, nitrate, Secondary aerosol},
	pages = {1679--1693},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\MAIXQQUY\\Lurmann et al. - 2006 - Processes Influencing Secondary Aerosol Formation .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\A4GXVSC2\\10473289.2006.html:text/html},
}

@article{macdonald_transport_2006,
	title = {Transport and {Dispersion} during {Wintertime} {Particulate} {Matter} {Episodes} in the {San} {Joaquin} {Valley}, {California}},
	volume = {56},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1096-2247, 2162-2906},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464509},
	doi = {10.1080/10473289.2006.10464509},
	abstract = {Data analysis and modeling were performed to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of wintertime transport and dispersion processes and the impact of these processes on particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the California San Joaquin Valley (SJV). Radar wind profiler (RWP) and radio acoustic sounding system (RASS) data collected from 18 sites throughout Central California were used to estimate hourly mixing heights for a 3-month period and to create case studies of high-resolution diagnostic wind fields, which were used for trajectory and dispersion analyses. Data analyses show that PM episodes were characterized by an upper-level ridge of high pressure that generally produced light winds through the entire depth of the atmospheric boundary layer and low mixing heights compared with nonepisode days. Peak daytime mixing heights during episodes were ϳ400 m above ground level (agl) compared with ϳ800 m agl during nonepisodes. These episode/nonepisode differences were observed throughout the SJV. Dispersion modeling indicates that the range of influence of primary PM emitted in major population centers within the SJV ranged from ϳ15 to 50 km. Trajectory analyses revealed that little intrabasin pollutant transport occurred among major population centers in the SJV; however, interbasin transport from the northern SJV and Sacramento regions into the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) was often observed. In addition, this analysis demonstrates the usefulness of integrating RWP/RASS measurements into data analyses and modeling to improve the understanding of meteorological processes that impact pollution, such as aloft transport and boundary layer evolution.},
	language = {en},
	number = {7},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Journal of the Air \& Waste Management Association},
	author = {MacDonald, Clinton P. and McCarthy, Michael C. and Dye, Timothy S. and Wheeler, Neil J.M. and Hafner, Hilary R. and Roberts, Paul T.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {PM, SJV},
	pages = {961--976},
	file = {MacDonald et al. - 2006 - Transport and Dispersion during Wintertime Particu.pdf:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\G9GLTF2P\\MacDonald et al. - 2006 - Transport and Dispersion during Wintertime Particu.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{raffuse_ambient_2007,
	title = {Ambient air monitoring network assessment guidance, analytical techniques for technical assessments of ambient air monitoring networks},
	volume = {20},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	journal = {Retrieved July},
	author = {Raffuse, S. M. and Sullivan, D. C. and McCarthy, M. C. and Penfold, B. M. and Hafner, H. R.},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {EPA, network assessment},
	pages = {2007},
}

@article{mccarthy_background_2006,
	title = {Background {Concentrations} of 18 {Air} {Toxics} for {North} {America}},
	volume = {56},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1096-2247},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464436},
	doi = {10.1080/10473289.2006.10464436},
	abstract = {The U.S. Clean Air Act identifies 188 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), or “air toxics,” associated with adverse human health effects. Of these air toxics, 18 were targeted as the most important in a 10–City Pilot Study conducted in 2001 and 2002 as part of the National Air Toxics Trend Sites Program. In the present analysis, measurements available from monitoring networks in North America were used to estimate boundary layer background concentrations and trends of these 18 HAPs. The background concentrations reported in this study are as much as 85\% lower than those reported in recent studies of HAP concentrations. Background concentrations of some volatile organic compounds were analyzed for trends at the 95\% confidence level; only carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) and tetrachloroethylene decreased significantly in recent years. Remote background concentrations were compared with the one-in–a-million (i.e., 10–6) cancer benchmarks to determine the possible causes of health risk in rural and remote areas; benzene, chloroform, formaldehyde, and chromium (Cr) fine particulate were higher than cancer benchmark values. In addition, remote background concentrations were found to contribute between 5\% and 99\% of median urban concentrations.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Journal of the Air \& Waste Management Association},
	author = {McCarthy, Michael C. and Hafner, Hilary R. and Montzka, Stephen A.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2006},
	note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464436},
	keywords = {Air toxics, background},
	pages = {3--11},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\8LJ2JEM9\\McCarthy et al. - 2006 - Background Concentrations of 18 Air Toxics for Nor.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\2K8RQL93\\10473289.2006.html:text/html},
}

@article{field_influence_2015,
	title = {Influence of oil and gas field operations on spatial and temporal distributions of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons and their effect on ozone formation in winter},
	volume = {15},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1680-7316},
	url = {https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/15/3527/2015/},
	doi = {10.5194/acp-15-3527-2015},
	abstract = {{\textless}p{\textgreater}{\textless}strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor"{\textgreater}Abstract.{\textless}/strong{\textgreater} Emissions from oil and natural gas development during winter in the Upper Green River basin of Wyoming are known to drive episodic ozone (O$_{\textrm{3}}$) production. Contrasting O$_{\textrm{3}}$ distributions were observed in the winters of 2011 and 2012, with numerous episodes (hourly O$_{\textrm{3}}$ \≥ 85 ppbv) in 2011 compared to none in 2012. The lack of O$_{\textrm{3}}$ episodes in 2012 coincided with a reduction in measured ambient levels of total non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC). Measurements of speciated NMHC, and other air quality parameters, were performed to better understand emission sources and to determine which compounds are most active in promoting O$_{\textrm{3}}$ formation. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses of the data were carried out to help achieve these goals. PMF analyses revealed three contributing factors that were identified with different emission source types: factor 1, combustion/traffic; factor 2, fugitive natural gas; and factor 3, fugitive condensate. Compositional signatures of the three contributing factors were identified through comparison with independently derived emission source profiles. Fugitive emissions of natural gas and of condensate were the two principal emission source types for NMHC. A water treatment and recycling facility was found to be a significant source of NMHC that are abundant in condensate, in particular toluene and \textit{m}+\textit{p}-xylene. Emissions from water treatment have an influence upon peak O$_{\textrm{3}}$ mixing ratios at downwind measurement sites.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},
	author = {Field, R. A. and Soltis, J. and McCarthy, M. C. and Murphy, S. and Montague, D. C.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Publisher: Copernicus GmbH},
	keywords = {Source apportionment, measurements, VOCs, winter ozone},
	pages = {3527--3542},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\AZXSU72B\\Field et al. - 2015 - Influence of oil and gas field operations on spati.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\666ZF96H\\2015.html:text/html},
}

@article{rahn_extreme_2003,
	title = {Extreme deuterium enrichment in stratospheric hydrogen and the global atmospheric budget of {H} 2},
	volume = {424},
	copyright = {2003 Macmillan Magazines Ltd.},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nature01917},
	doi = {10.1038/nature01917},
	abstract = {Molecular hydrogen (H2) is the second most abundant trace gas in the atmosphere after methane1 (CH4). In the troposphere, the D/H ratio of H2 is enriched by 120‰ relative to the world's oceans2,3,4. This cannot be explained by the sources of H2 for which the D/H ratio has been measured to date (for example, fossil fuels and biomass burning)5,6. But the isotopic composition of H2 from its single largest source—the photochemical oxidation of methane—has yet to be determined. Here we show that the D/H ratio of stratospheric H2 develops enrichments greater than 440‰, the most extreme D/H enrichment observed in a terrestrial material. We estimate the D/H ratio of H2 produced from CH4 in the stratosphere, where production is isolated from the influences of non-photochemical sources and sinks, showing that the chain of reactions producing H2 from CH4 concentrates D in the product H2. This enrichment, which we estimate is similar on a global average in the troposphere, contributes substantially to the D/H ratio of tropospheric H2.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6951},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Rahn, Thom and Eiler, John M. and Boering, Kristie A. and Wennberg, Paul O. and McCarthy, Michael C. and Tyler, Stanley and Schauffler, Sue and Donnelly, Stephen and Atlas, Elliot},
	month = aug,
	year = {2003},
	note = {Number: 6951
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	keywords = {hydrogen, isotopes, stratosphere},
	pages = {918--921},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\YY99K5UM\\nature01917.html:text/html},
}

@article{mar_modeling_2007,
	title = {Modeling the photochemical origins of the extreme deuterium enrichment in stratospheric {H} $_{\textrm{2}}$},
	volume = {112},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2006JD007403},
	doi = {10.1029/2006JD007403},
	language = {en},
	number = {D19},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	author = {Mar, Kathleen A. and McCarthy, Michael C. and Connell, Peter and Boering, Kristie A.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {model, hydrogen, isotopes, stratosphere},
	pages = {D19302},
	file = {Mar et al. - 2007 - Modeling the photochemical origins of the extreme .pdf:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\RVEJFR9A\\Mar et al. - 2007 - Modeling the photochemical origins of the extreme .pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{mccarthy_hydrogen_2004,
	title = {The hydrogen isotopic composition of water vapor entering the stratosphere inferred from high-precision measurements of δ{D}-{CH} $_{\textrm{4}}$ and δ{D}-{H} $_{\textrm{2}}$},
	volume = {109},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2003JD004003},
	doi = {10.1029/2003JD004003},
	language = {en},
	number = {D7},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	author = {McCarthy, M. C.},
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {hydrogen, isotopes, methane, stratosphere, water vapor},
	pages = {D07304},
	file = {McCarthy - 2004 - The hydrogen isotopic composition of water vapor e.pdf:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\HXUCY36P\\McCarthy - 2004 - The hydrogen isotopic composition of water vapor e.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{notholt_trend_2010,
	title = {Trend in ice moistening the stratosphere – constraints from isotope data of water and methane},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-201-2010},
	abstract = {Water plays a major role in the chemistry and radiative budget of the stratosphere. Air enters the stratosphere predominantly in the tropics, where the very low temperatures around the tropopause constrain water vapour mixing ratios to a few parts per million. Observations of stratospheric water vapour show a large positive long-term trend, which can not be explained by change in tropopause temperatures. Trends in the partitioning between vapour and ice of water entering the stratosphere have been suggested to resolve this conundrum. We present measurements of stratospheric H2O, HDO, CH4 and CH3D in the period 1991–2007 to evaluate this hypothesis. Because of fractionation processes during phase changes, the hydrogen isotopic composition of H2O is a sensitive indicator of changes in the partitioning of vapour and ice. We find that the seasonal variations of H2O are mirrored in the variation of the ratio of HDO to H2O with a slope of the correlation consistent with water entering the stratosphere mainly as vapour. The variability in the fractionation over the entire observation period is well explained by variations in H2O. The isotopic data allow concluding that the trend in ice arising from particulate water is no more than (0.01 ± 0.13) ppmv/decade in the observation period. Our observations suggest that between 1991 and 2007 the contribution from changes in particulate water transported through the tropopause plays only a minor role in altering in the amount of water entering the stratosphere.},
	language = {en},
	journal = {Atmos. Chem. Phys.},
	author = {Notholt, J and Toon, G C and Fueglistaler, S and Wennberg, P O and Irion, F W and McCarthy, M and Scharringhausen, M and Rhee, T Siek and Kleinbohl, A and Velazco, V},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {hydrogen, isotopes, methane, stratosphere, water vapor},
	pages = {7},
	file = {Notholt et al. - 2010 - Trend in ice moistening the stratosphere – constra.pdf:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\URL7BKYH\\Notholt et al. - 2010 - Trend in ice moistening the stratosphere – constra.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{mccarthy_isotopic_2001,
	title = {Isotopic fractionation of methane in the stratosphere and its effect on free tropospheric isotopic compositions},
	volume = {28},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {00948276},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2001GL013159},
	doi = {10.1029/2001GL013159},
	abstract = {Kineticisotopeeffects(KIEs) for theoxidationof largeas50\% [HEIN97], duein partto sparsemeasurements CH4byOH,C1a, ndO(•D)wereincorporaitnetdoa2Dmodel of•3CH4.Long-terombservatioonf•s3CH4atthesurface of the atmosphereto examine how sensitivethe carbon arebecomingincreasinglayvailable[e.g.,Quayet al., 1999], isotopiccompositioonf CH4in thefreetropospheries to three however, which should decrease uncertainties due to influences:realistic stratosphericchemistryand transport, undersamplinogf theatmosphere. tropospheriCc 1 chemistrya, nd use of new, experimentally- In addition, all of the various CH4 sinks are now known to determineKdIEsfortheOHandO(•D)sinksA. t steady-stateh, avesubstantiaklineticisotopeeffects(KIEs), someof which our resultsindicatethat stratospherichemistryandtransport havenot beenincludedin earlierinversemodelsor may not enrichtroposphe•rI3icCH4by0.5to0.6\%0tr,opospheCri1c be includedaccuratelyin more recentmodels. Oxidationof chemistarsymodeleednriche•3sCH4by-0.3\%o,atnhdenew CH4byOH,C1,andO(ID)accounftosr-95\%of thetotal KIE fortheOH sinkdepletemsodelegdloba•lI3CH4by sink.Becaustheerateconstanfotsrthe•2CHi4sotopomaerer {\textgreater}1\%o.Ignoringthestratospher(eandC1chemistryin general) largerthanthosefor •3CH4(i.e., [k•2CH4/k•3CH4]t{\textgreater}hle), in modelsthereforehappensto partiallycompensatfeor useof isotopiccompositionof the remainingCH4 in the atmosphere thepreviouslyacceptedKIE for OH whencomparisonwsith becomesheavier as CH4 is oxidized. The discoveryof a observatioonfsfreetroposphe•r3icCH4are made. In surprisingly large KIE in the reaction of C1 with CH4 contrasti,ncludingonly oneof theseinfluencesincreasesthe [Saueressiget al., 1995; seeTable 1] motivatedresearchinto error relativeto includingnone. Thus, all 3 effectsare of CH4's stratosphericsinks [e.g., Bergamaschiet al., 1996 sufficientmagnitudeto warrant their inclusionin inverse (BERG96);Gupta et al., 1996 (GUPTA96)] due to the modelsin orderto reduceuncertaintiesin the CH4 budget. abundanceof atomic C1 in the CFC-perturbedstratosphere.},
	language = {en},
	number = {19},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	author = {McCarthy, M. C. and Connell, P. and Boering, K. A.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {isotopes, methane, stratosphere},
	pages = {3657--3660},
	file = {McCarthy et al. - 2001 - Isotopic fractionation of methane in the stratosph.pdf:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\VSNXU3WW\\McCarthy et al. - 2001 - Isotopic fractionation of methane in the stratosph.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{mccarthy_carbon_2003,
	title = {Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of stratospheric methane: 2. {Two}-dimensional model results and implications for kinetic isotope effects},
	volume = {108},
	copyright = {Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {2156-2202},
	shorttitle = {Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of stratospheric methane},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2002JD003183},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003183},
	abstract = {New high-precision measurements of the carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of stratospheric CH4 made on whole air samples collected aboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft are compared with results from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 2-D model. Model runs incorporating sets of experimentally determined kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) for the reactions of CH4 with each of the oxidants OH, O(1D), and Cl are examined with the goals of determining (1) how well the 2-D model can reproduce the observations for both the carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions, (2) what factors are responsible for the observed increase in the apparent isotopic fractionation factors with decreasing methane mixing ratios, and (3) how sensitive the modeled isotopic compositions are to various experimentally determined KIEs. Bound by estimates of the effects of uncertainties in model chemistry and transport on isotopic compositions, we then examine the constraints the ER-2 observations place on values for the KIEs. For the carbon KIE for reaction of CH4 with O(1D), for example, the analysis of model results and observations favors the larger of the experimental values, 1.013, over a value of 1.001. These analyses also suggest that intercomparisons of results from different models using a given set of KIEs may be useful as a new diagnostic of model-model differences in integrated chemistry and transport.},
	language = {en},
	number = {D15},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
	author = {McCarthy, M. C. and Boering, K. A. and Rice, A. L. and Tyler, S. C. and Connell, P. and Atlas, E.},
	year = {2003},
	note = {\_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2002JD003183},
	keywords = {model, isotopes, methane, stratosphere, carbon isotopes, hydrogen isotopes, methane isotopes, stratospheric methane},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\JPQ39S5X\\McCarthy et al. - 2003 - Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of strat.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\GWQ7DFA9\\2002JD003183.html:text/html},
}

@article{rice_carbon_2003,
	title = {Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of stratospheric methane: 1. {High}-precision observations from the {NASA} {ER}-2 aircraft},
	volume = {108},
	copyright = {Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {2156-2202},
	shorttitle = {Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of stratospheric methane},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2002JD003042},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003042},
	abstract = {Measurements of δ13C and δD of atmospheric CH4 from whole air samples collected in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere aboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft during the SOLVE (2000), POLARIS (1997), and STRAT (1996) campaigns are reported. Samples cover latitudes from 1°S to 89°N and altitudes from 11 to 21 km, providing CH4 mixing ratios that range from 1744 to 716 ppbv. Measurements of isotope ratios were made by continuous-flow gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry which provides high-precision analyses on 60 ml aliquots of air. These measurements comprise the first upper atmosphere isotopic CH4 data set to date using this technique and the most extensive with respect to latitude and season in any case. Values of δ13C-CH4 on the V-PDB scale range from −47.28‰ near the tropical tropopause to −34.05‰ in the high northern latitude stratosphere. Values of δD on the V-SMOW scale range from −90.9‰ to +26.4‰. Correlations of isotope ratios with CH4 mixing ratios show enrichment in the heavy isotopes as CH4 mixing ratios decrease due to kinetic isotope effects associated with oxidation by reaction with OH, Cl, and O(1D). Empirical fractionation factors are found to be highly dependent on the range of CH4 mixing ratio considered, increasing with decreasing mixing ratio. Systematic nonlinearity in a Rayleigh fractionation model suggests a range of stratospheric fractionation factors, αCstrat = 1.0108 ± 0.0004 to 1.0204 ± 0.0004 (2σ) and αHstrat = 1.115 ± 0.008 to 1.198 ± 0.008 (2σ), from high to low CH4 mixing ratio, respectively. The variation in α over the range in mixing ratios reflect changes in partitioning between CH4 sink reactions in different regions of the stratosphere. In Part 1, these new high-precision observations are discussed and compared with other stratospheric and tropospheric isotope measurements. In Part 2 [McCarthy et al., 2003] the observations are compared with 2-D model results, and implications for the kinetic isotope effects for reactions with OH, Cl, and O(1D) are discussed.},
	language = {en},
	number = {D15},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
	author = {Rice, A. L. and Tyler, S. C. and McCarthy, M. C. and Boering, K. A. and Atlas, E.},
	year = {2003},
	note = {\_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2002JD003042},
	keywords = {isotopes, methane, stratosphere, carbon isotopes, hydrogen isotopes, methane isotopes, stratospheric methane},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\45NG8J7Y\\Rice et al. - 2003 - Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of strat.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\RMGSJH25\\2002JD003042.html:text/html},
}

@article{bellinger_cortical_2023,
	title = {Cortical microtubules contribute to division plane positioning during telophase in maize},
	volume = {35},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1040-4651},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koad033},
	doi = {10.1093/plcell/koad033},
	abstract = {Cell divisions are accurately positioned to generate cells of the correct size and shape. In plant cells, the new cell wall is built in the middle of the cell by vesicles trafficked along an antiparallel microtubule and a microfilament array called the phragmoplast. The phragmoplast expands toward a specific location at the cell cortex called the division site, but how it accurately reaches the division site is unclear. We observed microtubule arrays that accumulate at the cell cortex during the telophase transition in maize (Zea mays) leaf epidermal cells. Before the phragmoplast reaches the cell cortex, these cortical-telophase microtubules transiently interact with the division site. Increased microtubule plus end capture and pausing occur when microtubules contact the division site-localized protein TANGLED1 or other closely associated proteins. Microtubule capture and pausing align the cortical microtubules perpendicular to the division site during telophase. Once the phragmoplast reaches the cell cortex, cortical-telophase microtubules are incorporated into the phragmoplast primarily by parallel bundling. The addition of microtubules into the phragmoplast promotes fine-tuning of the positioning at the division site. Our hypothesis is that division site-localized proteins such as TANGLED1 organize cortical microtubules during telophase to mediate phragmoplast positioning at the final division plane.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2024-06-26},
	journal = {The Plant Cell},
	author = {Bellinger, Marschal A and Uyehara, Aimee N and Allsman, Lindy and Martinez, Pablo and McCarthy, Michael C and Rasmussen, Carolyn G},
	month = may,
	year = {2023},
	pages = {1496--1512},
	file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\TKMV6GFW\\Bellinger et al. - 2023 - Cortical microtubules contribute to division plane.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{mccarthy_quadratic_1999,
	title = {A quadratic configuration interaction study of {N2O} and {N2O}·−},
	volume = {96},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0026-8976},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00268979909483116},
	doi = {10.1080/00268979909483116},
	abstract = {The geometries and vibrational frequencies of both N2O and N2O·– were calculated at the QCISD and QCISD(T) levels of theory using aug-cc-pVDZ and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. The electron affinity of N2O was determined to be −0.15 eV. This work corroborates an earlier G2 study and suggests that the currently accepted value for the electron affinity, 0.22eV, is in error. This study represents the best calculation to date for the geometry and vibrational frequencies of N2O·−},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Molecular Physics},
	author = {McCarthy, M. CORNELIUS and Allington, JAMES W. R. and Sullivan, K. O.},
	month = jun,
	year = {1999},
	note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00268979909483116},
	keywords = {ab initio},
	pages = {1735--1737},
	file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\PGKC4VAP\\00268979909483116.html:text/html},
}

@article{mccarthy_accurate_1998,
	title = {An accurate ab initio calculation of the electron affinity of {NO}},
	volume = {289},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {00092614},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009261498004084},
	doi = {10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00408-4},
	abstract = {Potential energy curves for NO and NOy were calculated at the QCISD, QCISDŽT., CCSD and CCSDŽT. levels using aug-cc-pVDZ and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. The curves were fit with a modified Morse potential and rovibrational eigenvalues were extracted using TRIATOM software. The electron affinity of NO and the spectroscopic constants of both species were then determined. Better than 97\% accuracy for the electron affinity was obtained for the QCISD, QCISDŽT. and CCSDŽT. techniques combined with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. It was determined that NOy is stable by virtue of zero-point energy only. q 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1-2},
	urldate = {2021-03-30},
	journal = {Chemical Physics Letters},
	author = {McCarthy, M.Cornelius and Allington, James W.R and Griffith, K.S},
	month = jun,
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {ab initio},
	pages = {156--159},
	file = {McCarthy et al. - 1998 - An accurate ab initio calculation of the electron .pdf:C\:\\Users\\MichaelMcCarthy\\Zotero\\storage\\3X4CKS8Y\\McCarthy et al. - 1998 - An accurate ab initio calculation of the electron .pdf:application/pdf},
}