Update MSVC version in windows image

[h-vetinari]

Relevant comment from #71:

This image is hosted on prefix.dev's Azure account, its a minimal image (not the replica of the GitHub runner images), I have some automation to build this image, will move that to the public repo, I'll try to find the time for that soon.

Originally posted by @aktech in #71

The MSVC version in that image is becoming more and more outdated; the VS2022 line is on 17.14 now, but the image still ships 17.10.3 (from June 2024). I'm seeing failures that are likely related to this in conda-forge/clangdev-feedstock#428 (the identical recipe on main with up-to-date images passes).