inheritance_super_demo

Author: Kondareddy1209

OOPS/super_function_example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+# -------------------------------------------------------------
+# PYTHON INHERITANCE EXAMPLE WITH super()
+# Author: Learning Example
+#
+# This file demonstrates:
+# 1. Constructor inheritance using super()
+# 2. Method overriding using super()
+# 3. Common mistakes beginners make and how to fix them
+# -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# =============================================================
+# EXAMPLE 1: USING super() WITH CONSTRUCTORS (__init__)
+# =============================================================
+
+# Parent Class
+class konda:
+    # Constructor to initialize the name
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+
+
+# Child Class inheriting from konda
+class amba(konda):
+
+    # Child constructor
+    def __init__(self, name, age):
+
+        # super() calls the parent class constructor
+        # This initializes the variable "name"
+        super().__init__(name)
+
+        # New attribute specific to child class
+        self.age = age
+
+
+# Creating object of child class
+emp = amba("kondareddy", 20)
+
+# Accessing inherited and child attributes
+print(emp.name)
+print(emp.age)
+
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------
+# EXPECTED OUTPUT
+# kondareddy
+# 20
+# -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+# =============================================================
+# EXAMPLE 2: METHOD OVERRIDING WITH super()
+# =============================================================
+
+# Parent class
+class konda:
+    # Method to store name
+    def reddy(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+
+
+# Child class inheriting from konda
+class amba(konda):
+
+    # Method overriding
+    # This method has the same name as the parent method
+    def reddy(self, name, age):
+
+        # super() calls the parent class method
+        # This sets the "name"
+        super().reddy(name)
+
+        # Child class adds a new attribute
+        self.age = age
+
+
+# Creating object
+emp = amba()
+
+# Calling overridden method
+emp.reddy("kondareddy", 20)
+
+# Printing values
+print(emp.name)
+print(emp.age)
+
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------
+# EXPECTED OUTPUT
+# kondareddy
+# 20
+# -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+# =============================================================
+# MISTAKES I MADE WHILE LEARNING
+# =============================================================
+
+# ❌ Mistake 1: Passing parameters while creating object
+# when class does not have __init__
+
+# WRONG
+# emp = amba("kondareddy",20)
+
+# WHY?
+# Because Python automatically calls __init__ when an object
+# is created. If __init__ is not defined, Python's default
+# constructor does not accept arguments.
+
+# ✔ FIX
+# emp = amba()
+# emp.reddy("kondareddy",20)
+
+
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# ❌ Mistake 2: Calling method without object
+
+# WRONG
+# emp = reddy("kondareddy",20)
+
+# WHY?
+# reddy() is a class method, not a global function.
+
+# ✔ FIX
+# emp.reddy("kondareddy",20)
+
+
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# ❌ Mistake 3: Using super() when parent has no method
+
+# Example WRONG usage
+# super().__init__(name)
+
+# If parent class does not define __init__,
+# Python will raise an error.
+
+# ✔ FIX
+# Ensure parent method exists before calling super()
+
+
+
+# =============================================================
+# COMMON BEGINNER MISTAKES WITH super() AND INHERITANCE
+# =============================================================
+
+# 1️⃣ Forgetting to call parent constructor
+# This results in missing attributes.
+
+# 2️⃣ Passing wrong number of parameters to super()
+
+# 3️⃣ Not understanding that super() follows
+# Python's Method Resolution Order (MRO)
+
+# Example to check MRO:
+# print(amba.mro())
+
+
+
+# =============================================================
+# KEY CONCEPTS DEMONSTRATED
+# =============================================================
+
+# 1. Inheritance
+# Child class inherits properties from parent class.
+
+# 2. Constructor chaining using super()
+
+# 3. Method overriding
+# Child method replaces parent method but can still call it.
+
+# 4. Code reuse
+# super() allows reuse of parent functionality.
+
+
+
+# =============================================================
+# SIMPLE RULE TO REMEMBER
+# =============================================================
+
+# super() → used to call parent class methods
+# especially constructors (__init__)