key_fields.json

[{"Title": "Cyprus Population", "doc_id": 1, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "543070", "Y-max": "1199984", "Description": "Cyprus,[f] officially the Republic of Cyprus,[g] is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the\nthird largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean. Cyprus is located south of Turkey,\nwest of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel, north of Egypt, and southeast of Greece.The earliest\nknown human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains\nfrom this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some\nof the oldest water wells in the world. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the\n2nd millennium BC. As a strategic location in the Middle East, it was subsequently occupied by several\nmajor powers, including the empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians, from whom the island\nwas seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great. Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt, the Classical and\nEastern Roman Empire, Arab caliphates for a short period, the French Lusignan dynasty and the\nVenetians, was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 (de jure until\n1914).\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Cyprus.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Cyprus.pdf"}, {"Title": "El Salvador Population", "doc_id": 2, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2583807", "Y-max": "6523813", "Description": "Coordinates: 13\u00b050\u00a2N 88\u00b055\u00a2Wn / n13.833\u00b0N 88.917\u00b0Wn / 13.833; -88.917El Salvador (/nl\nns\u00e6lvndnnr/ ( listen); Spanish: [el salban\u00f0or]), officially the Republic of El Salvador (Spanish:\nRep\u00fablica de El Salvador, literally \"Republic of The Savior\"), is the smallest and the most densely\npopulated country in Central America. El Salvador's capital and largest city is San Salvador. As of\n2016[update], the country had a population of approximately 6.34 million, consisting largely of Mestizos\nof European and Indigenous American descent.El Salvador was for centuries inhabited by several\nMesoamerican nations, especially the Cuzcatlecs, as well as the Lenca and Maya. In the early 16th\ncentury, the Spanish Empire conquered the territory, incorporating it into the Viceroyalty of New Spain\nruled from Mexico City. However the Viceroyalty of Mexico had little or no influence in the daily affairs\nof the Central American isthmus, which would be colonized in 1524. In 1609 the area became the\nCaptaincy General of Guatemala, from which El Salvador was part of until its independence from\nSpain, which took place in 1821, as part of the First Mexican Empire, then further seceded, as part of\nthe Federal Republic of Central America, in 1823. When the Republic dissolved in 1841, El Salvador\nbecame a sovereign nation, then formed a short-lived union with Honduras and Nicaragua called the\nGreater Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1895 to 1898.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/El Salvador.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/El Salvador.pdf"}, {"Title": "Hong Kong SAR China Population", "doc_id": 3, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2862050", "Y-max": "7560254", "Description": "Hong Kong (Chinese: nn, Cantonese: [h\u0153nnn.knnnn]), officially the Hong Kong Special\nAdministrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the eastern\nside of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia. Along with Macau, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and\nseveral other major cities in Guangdong, the territory forms a core part of the Pearl River Delta\nmetropolitan region, the most populated area in the world. With over 7.4 million Hongkongers of\nvarious nationalities[note 1] in a territory of 1,104 square kilometres (426 sq mi), Hong Kong is the\nfourth-most densely populated region in the world.Hong Kong was formerly a colony of the British\nEmpire, after the perpetual cession of Hong Kong Island from Qing China at the conclusion of the First\nOpium War in 1842. With the exception of the Second World War, during which the territory was\noccupied by the Empire of Japan, Hong Kong remained under British control until 1997, when it was\nreturned to China. As a special administrative region, Hong Kong maintains a separate political and\neconomic system apart from mainland China.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Hong Kong SAR, China.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Hong Kong SAR, China.pdf"}, {"Title": "Gabon Population", "doc_id": 4, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "425153", "Y-max": "2053816", "Description": "Coordinates: 1\u00b0S 12\u00b0En / n1\u00b0S 12\u00b0En / -1; 12\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) \u0152 in the African\nUnion  (light blue)Gabon (/nnnbnn/; French pronunciation:  [nabnn]), officially the Gabonese\nRepublic (French: R\u00e9publique gabonaise), is a sovereign state on the west coast of Central Africa.\nLocated on the equator, Gabon is bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the\nnorth, the Republic of the Congo on the east and south, and the Gulf of Guinea to the west. It has an\narea of nearly 270,000 square kilometres (100,000 sq mi) and its population is estimated at 2 million\npeople. Its capital and largest city is Libreville.Since its independence from France in 1960, Gabon has\nhad three presidents. In the early 1990s, Gabon introduced a multi-party system and a new democratic\nconstitution that allowed for a more transparent electoral process and reformed many governmental\ninstitutions. Gabon was also a temporary member of the United Nations Security Council for the\n2010\u01522011 term.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Gabon.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Gabon.pdf"}, {"Title": "Ecuador Population", "doc_id": 5, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "3953574", "Y-max": "16977043", "Description": "Coordinates: 2\u00b000\u00a2S 77\u00b030\u00a2Wn / n2.000\u00b0S 77.500\u00b0Wn / -2.000; -77.500in South\nAmerica  (grey)Ecuador (/nnkwndnnr/ ( listen) EK-wn-dor, Spanish: [ekwan\u00f0or]) (Quechua:\nIkwadur), officially the Republic of Ecuador (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica del Ecuador, which literally translates\nas \"Republic of the Equator\"; Quechua: Ikwadur Ripuwlika), is a representative democratic republic in\nnorthwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the\nPacific Ocean to the west. Ecuador also includes the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000\nkilometres (620 mi) west of the mainland. The capital city is Quito, while the largest city is\nGuayaquil.What is now Ecuador was home to a variety of Amerindian groups that were gradually\nincorporated into the Inca Empire during the 15th century. The territory was colonized by Spain during\nthe 16th century, achieving independence in 1820 as part of Gran Colombia, from which it emerged as\nits own sovereign state in 1830. The legacy of both empires is reflected in Ecuador's ethnically diverse\npopulation, with most of its 16.4 million people being mestizos, followed by large minorities of\nEuropean, Amerindian, and African descendants. Spanish is the official language and is spoken by a\nmajority of the population, though 13 Amerindian languages are also recognized, including Quichua\nand Shuar.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Ecuador.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Ecuador.pdf"}, {"Title": "Arab World Population", "doc_id": 6, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "76792844", "Y-max": "422150777", "Description": "Major Cities of Arab worldThe Arab world (Arabic: nnnnnn nnnnnnn al-\u201anlam al-\u201aarabn; formally:\nArab homeland, nnnnn nnnnnn al-wanan al-\u201aarabn), also known as the Arab nation (nnnnn\nnnnnnnn al-ummah al-\u201aarabnyah) or the Arab states, currently consists of the 22 Arab countries of\nthe Arab League. These Arab states occupy an area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to\nthe Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Horn of Africa and the\nIndian Ocean in the southeast. The contemporary Arab world has a combined population of around\n422 million inhabitants, over half of whom are under 25 years of age.In the Middle Ages, the Arab\nworld was synonymous with the historic Arab empires and caliphates. Arab nationalism arose in the\nsecond half of the 19th century along with other nationalist movements within the Ottoman Empire. The\nArab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of Arab people and especially to pursue the\npolitical unification of the Arab countries; a project known as Pan-Arabism.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Arab World.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Arab World.pdf"}, {"Title": "Libya Population", "doc_id": 7, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1206175", "Y-max": "6535494", "Description": "Libya (/nlnbin/ ( listen); Arabic: nnnnnn), officially the State of Libya (Arabic: nnnn nnnnnn\nDawlat Lnbyn),[citation needed][dubious \u0152 discuss] is a sovereign state in the Maghreb region of\nNorth Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the\nsoutheast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west. The country is made of\nthree historical regions, Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost 1.8 million square\nkilometres (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country\nin the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world.Libya has been\ninhabited by Berbers since the late Bronze Age. The Phoenicians established trading posts in western\nLibya, and ancient Greek colonists established city-states in eastern Libya. Libya was variously ruled\nby Carthaginians, Persians, Egyptians and Greeks before becoming a part of the Roman Empire. Libya\nwas an early centre of Christianity. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the area of Libya was\nmostly occupied by the Vandals until the 7th century, when invasions brought Islam. In the 16th\ncentury, the Spanish Empire and the Knights of St John occupied Tripoli, until Ottoman rule began in\n1551. Libya was involved in the Barbary Wars of the 18th and 19th centuries. Ottoman rule continued\nuntil the Italian occupation of Libya resulted in the temporary Italian Libya colony from 1911 to 1943.\nDuring the Second World War Libya was an important area of warfare in the North African Campaign.\nThe Italian population then went into decline.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Libya.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Libya.pdf"}, {"Title": "Tonga Population", "doc_id": 8, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "59324", "Y-max": "109398", "Description": "Coordinates: 20\u00b0S 175\u00b0Wn / n20\u00b0S 175\u00b0Wn / -20; -175Tonga (/ntnnn/ or /ntnnnn/; Tongan:\n[ntona] Pulenanga Fakatuni no Tonga), officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is a Polynesian sovereign\nstate and archipelago comprising 169 islands, of which 36 are inhabited. The total surface area is\nabout 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) scattered over 700,000 square kilometres (270,000 sq mi) of\nthe southern Pacific Ocean. It has a population of 107,122 people, of whom 70% reside on the main\nisland of Tongatapu.Tonga stretches across approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) in a north-south\nline. It is surrounded by Fiji and Wallis and Futuna (France) to the northwest, Samoa to the northeast,\nNiue to the east, Kermadec (part of New Zealand) to the southwest, and New Caledonia (France) and\nVanuatu to the farther west.Tonga became known in the West as the \"Friendly Islands\" because of the\ncongenial reception accorded to Captain James Cook on his first visit in 1773. He arrived at the time of\nthe ninasi festival, the yearly donation of the First Fruits to the Tuni Tonga (the islands' paramount\nchief) and so received an invitation to the festivities. According to the writer William Mariner, the chiefs\nwanted to kill Cook during the gathering but could not agree on a plan.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Tonga.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Tonga.pdf"}, {"Title": "Equatorial Guinea Population", "doc_id": 9, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "195634", "Y-max": "1270340", "Description": "\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) \u0152 in the African Union  (light blue)Fang Bube Combe Pidgin English\nAnnobonese,Unitary dominant-party presidential republic (de jure)Equatorial Guinea (Spanish: Guinea\nEcuatorial,[a] French: Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale, Portuguese: Guin\u00e9 Equatorial), officially the Republic of\nEquatorial Guinea (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Guinea Ecuatorial, French: R\u00e9publique de Guin\u00e9e\n\u00e9quatoriale, Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica da Guin\u00e9 Equatorial),[b] is a country located in Central Africa, with\nan area of 28,000 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi). Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its\npost-independence name evokes its location near both the Equator and the Gulf of Guinea. Equatorial\nGuinea is the only sovereign African state in which Spanish is an official language. As of 2015[update],\nthe country had an estimated population of 1,222,245.Equatorial Guinea consists of two parts, an\ninsular and a mainland region. The insular region consists of the islands of Bioko (formerly Fernando\nP\u00f3) in the Gulf of Guinea and Annob\u00f3n, a small volcanic island which is the only part of the country\nsouth of the equator. Bioko Island is the northernmost part of Equatorial Guinea and is the site of the\ncountry's capital, Malabo. The island nation of S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe is located between Bioko and\nAnnob\u00f3n. The mainland region, R\u00edo Muni, is bordered by Cameroon on the north and Gabon on the\nsouth and east. It is the location of Bata, Equatorial Guinea's largest city, and Oyala, the country's\nplanned future capital. Rio Muni also includes several small offshore islands, such as Corisco, Elobey\nGrande, and Elobey Chico. The country is a member of the African Union, Francophonie, OPEC and\nthe CPLP.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Equatorial Guinea.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Equatorial Guinea.pdf"}, {"Title": "Fragile and conflict affected situations Population", "doc_id": 10, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "102571489", "Y-max": "524829534", "Description": "Conflict Zone is a war-themed real-time strategy game, developed by MASA Group and published by\nUbisoft for Dreamcast, PlayStation 2, and Microsoft Windows.In 2010, the majority of the world's\ndeveloped countries have formed a centralised organisation, known as the ICP (International Corps for\nPeace), dedicated to bringing about world peace through worldwide media. However, not all\ndeveloping countries are keen to be involved. GHOST, a secret organisation, seeks only the economic\ninterests of its members without any attachment to morals thus does not hesitate to create crisis\nsituations which the ICP is forced to solve, through humiliation, and healthy propaganda.There are 2\nplayable campaigns in Conflict Zone: the GHOST campaign, and the ICP campaign.Missions take\nplace in locations where fictional conflicts take place such as: A civil war in Ukraine, wars between\nIndonesia and Malaysia, India and Pakistan and Nigeria and Niger. Most missions usually require the\nplayer to build a base (or a 'camp' in GHOST's case) and complete objectives in order to successfully\ncomplete the mission.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Fragile and conflict affected situations.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Fragile and conflict affected situations.pdf"}, {"Title": "Bermuda Population", "doc_id": 11, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "43338", "Y-max": "66697", "Description": "Coordinates: 32\u00b020\u00a2N 64\u00b045\u00a2Wn / n32.333\u00b0N 64.750\u00b0Wn / 32.333; -64.750in the Atlantic\nOcean  (blue)Bermuda (/bnrnmjundn/) is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is\napproximately 1,070 km (665 mi) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; 1,236 km (768 mi)\nsouth of Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia; and 1,576 km (979 mi) north of Puerto Rico. The capital city\nis Hamilton. Bermuda is self-governing, with its own constitution and its own government, which enacts\nlocal laws, while the United Kingdom retains responsibility for defence and foreign relations.Bermuda's\ntwo largest economic sectors are based on offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism. Bermuda\nhad one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century and several years\nbeyond[clarification needed]. Recently, its economic status has been affected by the global recession.\nIt has a subtropical climate. The island is in the hurricane belt and prone to related severe weather;\nhowever, it is somewhat protected by a coral reef that surrounds the island and its position at the north\nof the belt, which limits the direction and severity of approaching storms.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Bermuda.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Bermuda.pdf"}, {"Title": "Latedemographic dividend Population", "doc_id": 12, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1041144459", "Y-max": "2320879677", "Description": "Demographic dividend occurs when the proportion of working people in the total population is high\nbecause this indicates that more people have the potential to be productive and contribute to growth of\nthe economy. According to the United National population research, during the last four decades the\ncountries of Asia and Latin America have been the main beneficiaries of the demographic dividend.\nAdvanced countries of Europe, Japan and USA have an aging population because of low birth rates\nand low mortality rates. Neither the least developed countries nor the countries of Africa have as yet\nexperienced favourable demographic conditions according to the research by UN population division.\nChina\u2122s one-child policy has reversed the demographic dividend it enjoyed since the mid 1960s,\naccording to a World Bank global development report.Demographic dividend, as defined by the United\nNations Population Fund (UNFPA) means, \ufb01the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in\na population\u2122s age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger\nthan the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older).\ufb02 In other words,\nit is \ufb01a boost in economic productivity that occurs when there are growing numbers of people in the\nworkforce relative to the number of dependents.\ufb02 UNFPA stated that, \ufb01A country with both increasing\nnumbers of young people and declining fertility has the potential to reap a demographic dividend.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Late-demographic dividend.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Late-demographic dividend.pdf"}, {"Title": "Madagascar Population", "doc_id": 13, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "4109614", "Y-max": "25884309", "Description": "\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) \u0152 in the African Union  (light blue)Madagascar (/nm\u00e6dnnn\u00e6sknr/;\nMalagasy: Madagasikara), officially the Republic of Madagascar (Malagasy: Repoblikan'i Madagasikara\n[republinknan madanasnknarnn]; French: R\u00e9publique de Madagascar), and previously known as the\nMalagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa. The nation\ncomprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth-largest island in the world), and numerous smaller\nperipheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar\nsplit from the Indian peninsula around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to\nevolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife\nis found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by\nthe encroachment of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Madagascar.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Madagascar.pdf"}, {"Title": "Grenada Population", "doc_id": 14, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "87630", "Y-max": "108254", "Description": "Coordinates: 12\u00b007\u00a2N 61\u00b040\u00a2Wn / n12.117\u00b0N 61.667\u00b0Wn / 12.117; -61.667Grenada\n(/nrnnnendn/ ( listen) gri-NAY-dn; French: La Grenade) is a sovereign state in the southeastern\nCaribbean Sea consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the\nGrenadines island chain. It is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago, northeast of Venezuela and\nsouthwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Its size is 348.5 square kilometres (134.6 sq mi), and it\nhad an estimated population of 107,317 in 2016. Its capital is St. George's. Grenada is also known as\nthe \"Island of Spice\" due to its production of nutmeg and mace crops, of which it is one of the world's\nlargest exporters. The national bird of Grenada is the critically endangered Grenada dove.Before the\narrival of Europeans to the Americas, Grenada was inhabited by the indigenous Arawaks and later by\nthe Island Caribs. Christopher Columbus sighted Grenada in 1498 during his third voyage to the\nAmericas. Although it was deemed the property of the King of Spain, there are no records to suggest\nthe Spanish ever landed or settled on the island. Following several unsuccessful attempts by\nEuropeans to colonise the island due to resistance from the Island Caribs, French settlement and\ncolonisation began in 1650 and continued for the next century. On 10 February 1763, Grenada was\nceded to the British under the Treaty of Paris. British rule continued, except for a period of French rule\nbetween 1779 and 1783, until 1974. From 1958 to 1962, Grenada was part of the Federation of the\nWest Indies, a short-lived federation of British West Indian colonies. On 3 March 1967, Grenada was\ngranted full autonomy over its internal affairs as an Associated State. Herbert Blaize was the first\nPremier of the Associated State of Grenada from March to August 1967. Eric Gairy served as Premier\nfrom August 1967 until February 1974.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Grenada.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Grenada.pdf"}, {"Title": "Middle East  North Africa excluding high income Population", "doc_id": 15, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "84043701", "Y-max": "387513119", "Description": "MENA is an English-language acronym referring to the Middle East and North Africa region. The term\ncovers an extensive region, extending from Morocco to Iran, including all Mashriq and Maghreb\ncountries. This toponym is roughly synonymous with the term the Greater Middle East.The population\nof the MENA region at its least extent is estimated to be around 381 million people. This constitutes\nabout 6% of the total world population. The MENA acronym is often used in academia, military\nplanning, disaster relief, media planning as a broadcast region, and business writing.Due to the\ngeographic ambiguity and Eurocentric nature of the term \"Middle East\", some people prefer use of the\nterms Arab World, WANA (West Asia and North Africa) or the less common NAWA (North Africa-West\nAsia). Both the Arab World and MENA region remain the most common terms and are used by most\norganizations, academia, and political entities flexibly, including those in the region itself. The World\nBank, UNDP and even the UNSC all use both terms.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income).png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income).pdf"}, {"Title": "Montenegro Population", "doc_id": 16, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "473468", "Y-max": "629891", "Description": "Coordinates: 42\u00b030\u00a2N 19\u00b018\u00a2En / n42.500\u00b0N 19.300\u00b0En / 42.500; 19.300in Europe  (Dark Grey)  \u0152 \n[Legend]Montenegro (/nmnntnnnennron, -nninn-, -nnnn-/ ( listen) ; Montenegrin: Crna Gora,\npronounced [tsrnnnnan nnnra], meaning \"Black Mountain\") is a sovereign state in Southeastern\nEurope. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the southwest and is bordered by Croatia to the west,\nBosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo[a] to the east, and Albania\nto the southeast. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal\nCapital.In the 9th century, three Medieval Serbian principalities were located on the territory of\nMontenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia, the west; and Rascia, the\nnorth. In 1042, archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the\nByzantine Empire and the establishment of the Vojislavljevin dynasty. After passing through the\ncontrol of several regional powers and the Ottoman Empire in the ensuing centuries, it became a part\nof the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1918, which was succeeded by the Federal People's/Socialist Federal\nRepublic of Yugoslavia in 1945.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Montenegro.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Montenegro.pdf"}, {"Title": "Kyrgyz Republic Population", "doc_id": 17, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1976780", "Y-max": "6278220", "Description": "Coordinates: 41\u00b0N 75\u00b0En / n41\u00b0N 75\u00b0En / 41; 75The Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz: nnnnnn\nnnnnnnnnnnnn, translit. Kyrgyz Respublikasy; Russian: nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn, tr.\nKyrgyzskaya Respublika), or simply Kyrgyzstan; and also known as Kirghizia (Kyrgyz:\nnnnnnnnnnn, translit. Kyrgyzstan [qnrnnsnstnn]; Russian: nnnnnnnn, tr. Kirgiziya) is a\nsovereign state in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked country with mountainous terrain. It is\nbordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west and southwest, Tajikistan to the\nsouthwest and China to the east. Its capital and largest city is Bishkek.Kyrgyzstan's recorded history\nspans over 2,000 years, encompassing a variety of cultures and empires. Although geographically\nisolated by its highly mountainous terrain, which has helped preserve its ancient culture, Kyrgyzstan\nhas been at the crossroads of several great civilizations as part of the Silk Road and other commercial\nand cultural routes. Though long inhabited by a succession of independent tribes and clans,\nKyrgyzstan has periodically fallen under foreign domination and attained sovereignty as a nation-state\nonly after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Kyrgyz Republic.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Kyrgyz Republic.pdf"}, {"Title": "Comoros Population", "doc_id": 18, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "160897", "Y-max": "825825", "Description": "Coordinates: 12\u00b010\u00a2S 44\u00b015\u00a2En / n12.167\u00b0S 44.250\u00b0En / -12.167; 44.250\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark\ngrey) \u0152 in the African Union  (light blue)The Comoros (/nknmnronz/ ( listen); Arabic: nnn nnnnnn,\nJuzur al-Qumur / Qamar), officially the Union of the Comoros (Comorian: Udzima wa Komori, French:\nUnion des Comores, Arabic: nnnnnnn nnnnnnn al-Ittinnd al-Qumurn / Qamarn), is a sovereign\narchipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel\noff the eastern coast of Africa between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar.\ncountries near the Comoros are Tanzania to the northwest and the Seychelles to the northeast. Its\ncapital is Moroni, on Grande Comore. The Union of the Comoros has three official languages \u0152\nComorian, Arabic and French. The religion of the majority of the population is Islam.At 1,660 km2\n(640 sq mi), excluding the contested island of Mayotte, the Comoros is the third-smallest African nation\nby area. The population, excluding Mayotte, is estimated at 795,601. As a nation formed at a\ncrossroads of different civilisations, the archipelago is noted for its diverse culture and history. The\narchipelago was first inhabited by Bantu speakers who came from East Africa, supplemented by Arab\nand Austronesian immigration.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Comoros.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Comoros.pdf"}, {"Title": "Malaysia Population", "doc_id": 19, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "7005598", "Y-max": "32338772", "Description": "Coordinates: 2\u00b030\u00a2N 112\u00b030\u00a2En / n2.500\u00b0N 112.500\u00b0En / 2.500; 112.500Malaysia[a] is a federal\nconstitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal\nterritories and has a total landmass of 330,803 square kilometres (127,720 sq mi) separated by the\nSouth China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia (Malaysian\nBorneo). Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand in the north and\nmaritime borders with Singapore in the south, Vietnam in the northeast, and Indonesia in the west.\nEast Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with\nthe Philippines and Vietnam. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal\ngovernment. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country. The\nsouthernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia. Located in the tropics,\nMalaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, with large numbers of endemic species.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Malaysia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Malaysia.pdf"}, {"Title": "High income Population", "doc_id": 20, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "732838427", "Y-max": "1211800420", "Description": "A high-income economy is defined by the World Bank as a country with a gross national income per\ncapita US$12,236 or more in 2016, calculated using the Atlas method. While the term \"high-income\" is\noften used interchangeably with \"First World\" and \"developed country\", the technical definitions of\nthese terms differ. The term \"first world\" commonly refers to countries that aligned themselves with the\nU.S. and NATO during the cold war. Several institutions, such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)\nor International Monetary Fund (IMF), take factors other than high per capita income into account when\nclassifying countries as \"developed\" or \"advanced economies\". According to the United Nations, for\nexample, some high-income countries may also be developing countries. The GCC countries, for\nexample, are classified as developing high-income countries. Thus, a high-income country may be\nclassified as either developed or developing. Although the Holy See is a sovereign state, it is not\nclassified by the World Bank under this definition.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/High income.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/High income.pdf"}, {"Title": "West Bank and Gaza Population", "doc_id": 21, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1988", "X-max": "2017", "Y-min": "1849582", "Y-max": "4680231", "Description": "West Bank and Gaza Strip may refer to:\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/West Bank and Gaza.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/West Bank and Gaza.pdf"}, {"Title": "Senegal Population", "doc_id": 22, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2596505", "Y-max": "16021857", "Description": "Coordinates: 14\u00b0N 14\u00b0Wn / n14\u00b0N 14\u00b0Wn / 14; -14in the African Union  (light blue)Senegal\n(/nsnnnnnnnl, -nnnnl/ ( listen); French: S\u00e9n\u00e9gal), officially the Republic of Senegal (French:\nR\u00e9publique du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal [nepyblik dy senenal]), is a country in West Africa. Senegal is bordered by\nMauritania in the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast, and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest.\nSenegal also borders The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the\nGambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country.\nSenegal also shares a maritime border with Cape Verde. Senegal's economic and political capital is\nDakar. It is the westernmost country in the mainland of the Old World, or Afro-Eurasia, and owes its\nname to the Senegal River, which borders it to the east and north. The name \"Senegal\" comes from\nthe Wolof \"Sunuu Gaal\", which means \"Our Boat\". Senegal covers a land area of almost 197,000\nsquare kilometres (76,000 sq mi) and has an estimated population of about 15 million. The climate is\nSahelian, but there is a rainy season.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Senegal.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Senegal.pdf"}, {"Title": "Euro area Population", "doc_id": 23, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "261621596", "Y-max": "344669511", "Description": "Total: \u202210.8(~$13.5) trillionCouncil of the EUPresidencyThe eurozone ( pronunciation (help\u00b7info)),\nofficially called the euro area, is a monetary union of 19 of the 28 European Union (EU) member states\nwhich have adopted the euro (\u2022) as their common currency and sole legal tender. The monetary\nauthority of the eurozone is the Eurosystem. The other nine members of the European Union continue\nto use their own national currencies, although most of them are obliged to adopt the euro in the\nfuture.The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,\nIreland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and\nSpain. EU states (except for Denmark and the United Kingdom) are obliged to join once they meet the\ncriteria to do so. No state has left, and there are no provisions to do so or to be expelled. Andorra,\nMonaco, San Marino, and Vatican City have formal agreements with the EU to use the euro as their\nofficial currency and issue their own coins. Kosovo and Montenegro have adopted the euro unilaterally,\nbut these countries do not officially form part of the eurozone and do not have representation in the\nEuropean Central Bank (ECB) or in the Eurogroup.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Euro area.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Euro area.pdf"}, {"Title": "Oman Population", "doc_id": 24, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "358088", "Y-max": "4618413", "Description": "Coordinates: 21\u00b0N 57\u00b0En / n21\u00b0N 57\u00b0En / 21; 57Oman (/onnmnnn/ ( listen) oh-MAAN; Arabic:\nnnnnn numnn pronounced [nnnmann]), officially the Sultanate of Oman (Arabic: nnnnn\nnnnnnn Salnanat nUmnn), is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula\nin Western Asia. Holding a strategically important position at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, the country\nshares land borders with the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and\nYemen to the southwest, and shares marine borders with Iran and Pakistan. The coast is formed by\nthe Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam\nexclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz (which it shares\nwith Iran) and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.From the late 17th century, the\nOmani Sultanate was a powerful empire, vying with Portugal and Britain for influence in the Persian\nGulf and Indian Ocean. At its peak in the 19th century, Omani influence or control extended across the\nStrait of Hormuz to modern-day Iran and Pakistan, and as far south as Zanzibar. As its power declined\nin the 20th century, the sultanate came under the influence of the United Kingdom. Historically, Muscat\nwas the principal trading port of the Persian Gulf region. Muscat was also among the most important\ntrading ports of the Indian Ocean. Oman's official religion is Islam.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Oman.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Oman.pdf"}, {"Title": "IDA total Population", "doc_id": 25, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "322896928", "Y-max": "1633938786", "Description": "The International Development Association (IDA) is an international financial institution which offers\nconcessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. The IDA is a member of the\nWorld Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established in\n1960 to complement the existing International Bank for Reconstruction and Development by lending to\ndeveloping countries which suffer from the lowest gross national income, from troubled\ncreditworthiness, or from the lowest per capita income. Together, the International Development\nAssociation and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development are collectively generally\nknown as the World Bank, as they follow the same executive leadership and operate with the same\nstaff.The association shares the World Bank's mission of reducing poverty and aims to provide\naffordable development financing to countries whose credit risk is so prohibitive that they cannot afford\nto borrow commercially or from the Bank's other programs. The IDA's stated aim is to assist the\npoorest nations in growing more quickly, equitably, and sustainably to reduce poverty. The IDA is the\nsingle largest provider of funds to economic and human development projects in the world's poorest\nnations. From 2000 to 2010, it financed projects which recruited and trained 3 million teachers,\nimmunized 310 million children, funded $792 million in loans to 120,000 small and medium enterprises,\nbuilt or restored 118,000 kilometers of paved roads, built or restored 1,600 bridges, and expanded\naccess to improved water to 113 million people and improved sanitation facilities to 5.8 million people.\nThe IDA has issued a total $238 billion USD in loans and grants since its launch in 1960. Thirty-six of\nthe association's borrowing countries have graduated from their eligibility for its concessional lending.\nHowever, eight of these countries have relapsed and have not re-graduated.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/IDA total.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/IDA total.pdf"}, {"Title": "Panama Population", "doc_id": 26, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "987861", "Y-max": "4179178", "Description": "Coordinates: 9\u00b0N 80\u00b0Wn / n9\u00b0N 80\u00b0Wn / 9; -80Panama (/np\u00e6nnmnn/ ( listen) PAN-n-mah;\nSpanish: Panam\u00e1 [pananma]), officially called the Republic of Panama (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de\nPanam\u00e1), is a country in Central America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia (in South\nAmerica) to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The\ncapital and largest city is Panama City, whose metropolitan area is home to nearly half of the country's\n4 million people.Panama was inhabited by several indigenous tribes prior to settlement by the Spanish\nin the 16th century. Panama broke away from Spain in 1821 and joined a union of Nueva Granada,\nEcuador, and Venezuela named the Republic of Gran Colombia. When Gran Colombia dissolved in\n1831, Panama and Nueva Granada remained joined, eventually becoming the Republic of Colombia.\nWith the backing of the United States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the Panama\nCanal to be built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914. In 1977 an agreement\nwas signed for the transfer of the Canal from the United States to Panama by the end of the 20th\ncentury, which culminated on December 31, 1999.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Panama.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Panama.pdf"}, {"Title": "Switzerland Population", "doc_id": 27, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "5175613", "Y-max": "8524311", "Description": "in Europe  (green & dark grey)Switzerland (/nswntsnrlnnd/), officially the Swiss Confederation, is a\nfederal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal\nauthorities.[note 1] The country is situated in Western-Central Europe,[note 4] and is bordered by Italy\nto the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.\nSwitzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and\nthe Jura, spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi) (land area 39,997 km2 (15,443 sq mi)).\nWhile the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately eight\nmillion people is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among\nthem are the two global cities and economic centres Z\u00fcrich and Geneva.The establishment of the Old\nSwiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period, resulting from a series of military successes\nagainst Austria and Burgundy. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally\nrecognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The country has a history of armed neutrality going\nback to the Reformation; it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815 and did not join the\nUnited Nations until 2002. Nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in\npeace-building processes around the world. In addition to being the birthplace of the Red Cross,\nSwitzerland is home to numerous international organisations, including the second largest UN office.\nOn the European level, it is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association, but notably\nnot part of the European Union or the European Economic Area. However, it participates in the\nSchengen Area and the European Single Market through bilateral treaties.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Switzerland.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Switzerland.pdf"}, {"Title": "Earlydemographic dividend Population", "doc_id": 28, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "869661155", "Y-max": "3280107951", "Description": "Demographic dividend occurs when the proportion of working people in the total population is high\nbecause this indicates that more people have the potential to be productive and contribute to growth of\nthe economy. According to the United National population research, during the last four decades the\ncountries of Asia and Latin America have been the main beneficiaries of the demographic dividend.\nAdvanced countries of Europe, Japan and USA have an aging population because of low birth rates\nand low mortality rates. Neither the least developed countries nor the countries of Africa have as yet\nexperienced favourable demographic conditions according to the research by UN population division.\nChina\u2122s one-child policy has reversed the demographic dividend it enjoyed since the mid 1960s,\naccording to a World Bank global development report.Demographic dividend, as defined by the United\nNations Population Fund (UNFPA) means, \ufb01the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in\na population\u2122s age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger\nthan the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older).\ufb02 In other words,\nit is \ufb01a boost in economic productivity that occurs when there are growing numbers of people in the\nworkforce relative to the number of dependents.\ufb02 UNFPA stated that, \ufb01A country with both increasing\nnumbers of young people and declining fertility has the potential to reap a demographic dividend.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Early-demographic dividend.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Early-demographic dividend.pdf"}, {"Title": "Nigeria Population", "doc_id": 29, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "38095220", "Y-max": "193032231", "Description": "The Federal Republic of Nigeria /nanndnnnrin/ ( listen), commonly referred to as Nigeria, is a federal\nrepublic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the\nnorth. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. It comprises 36 states and\nthe Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja is located. Nigeria is officially a democratic\nsecular country.Nigeria has been home to a number of kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia.\nThe modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and took its\npresent territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria\nProtectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule\nthrough traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960. It\nexperienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It thereafter alternated between democratically elected\ncivilian governments and military dictatorships until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with the\n2011 presidential election considered the first to be reasonably free and fair.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Nigeria.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Nigeria.pdf"}, {"Title": "IDA blend Population", "doc_id": 30, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "103296846", "Y-max": "541057609", "Description": "The International Development Association (IDA) is an international financial institution which offers\nconcessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. The IDA is a member of the\nWorld Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established in\n1960 to complement the existing International Bank for Reconstruction and Development by lending to\ndeveloping countries which suffer from the lowest gross national income, from troubled\ncreditworthiness, or from the lowest per capita income. Together, the International Development\nAssociation and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development are collectively generally\nknown as the World Bank, as they follow the same executive leadership and operate with the same\nstaff.The association shares the World Bank's mission of reducing poverty and aims to provide\naffordable development financing to countries whose credit risk is so prohibitive that they cannot afford\nto borrow commercially or from the Bank's other programs. The IDA's stated aim is to assist the\npoorest nations in growing more quickly, equitably, and sustainably to reduce poverty. The IDA is the\nsingle largest provider of funds to economic and human development projects in the world's poorest\nnations. From 2000 to 2010, it financed projects which recruited and trained 3 million teachers,\nimmunized 310 million children, funded $792 million in loans to 120,000 small and medium enterprises,\nbuilt or restored 118,000 kilometers of paved roads, built or restored 1,600 bridges, and expanded\naccess to improved water to 113 million people and improved sanitation facilities to 5.8 million people.\nThe IDA has issued a total $238 billion USD in loans and grants since its launch in 1960. Thirty-six of\nthe association's borrowing countries have graduated from their eligibility for its concessional lending.\nHowever, eight of these countries have relapsed and have not re-graduated.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/IDA blend.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/IDA blend.pdf"}, {"Title": "South Sudan Population", "doc_id": 31, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2491373", "Y-max": "12694508", "Description": "Coordinates: 8\u00b0N 30\u00b0En / n8\u00b0N 30\u00b0En / 8; 30South Sudan (/nsanq sunndnnn, -nd\u00e6n/ ( listen)),\nofficially known as the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa. The\ncountry gained its independence from (North) Sudan in 2011, making it the newest country (as of\nMarch 2018). Its capital and largest city is Juba.South Sudan is bordered by Sudan to the north,\nEthiopia to the east, Kenya to the southeast, Uganda to the south, the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo to the southwest, and the Central African Republic to the west. It includes the vast swamp\nregion of the Sudd, formed by the White Nile and known locally as the Bahr al Jabal. With Nilotic\npeoples forming the majority of its population, the nation is also referred to as the Nilotic Republic, as a\nhomeland and supposedly the place of origin for the Nilotic race.The territories of modern South Sudan\nand the Republic of the Sudan were occupied by Egypt under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty, and later\ngoverned as an Anglo-Egyptian condominium until Sudanese independence was achieved in 1956.\nFollowing the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed in 1972\nand lasted until 1983. A second Sudanese civil war soon broke out, and ended with the\nComprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005. Later that year, southern autonomy was restored when an\nAutonomous Government of Southern Sudan was formed. South Sudan became an independent state\non 9 July 2011, following a referendum that passed with 98.83% of the vote.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/South Sudan.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/South Sudan.pdf"}, {"Title": "Caribbean small states Population", "doc_id": 32, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "4045948", "Y-max": "7397830", "Description": "Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are maritime countries that tend to share similar sustainable\ndevelopment challenges, including small but growing populations, limited resources, remoteness,\nsusceptibility to natural disasters, vulnerability to external shocks, excessive dependence on\ninternational trade, and fragile environments. Their growth and development is also held back by high\ncommunication, energy and transportation costs, irregular international transport volumes,\ndisproportionately expensive public administration and infrastructure due to their small size, and little to\nno opportunity to create economies of scale.The SIDS were first recognized as a distinct group of\ndeveloping countries at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in June\n1992. The Barbados Programme of Action was produced in 1994 to assist the SIDS in their\nsustainable development efforts. The United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least\nDeveloped Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States\n(UN-OHRLLS) represents this group of states.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Caribbean small states.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Caribbean small states.pdf"}, {"Title": "Guam Population", "doc_id": 33, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "61934", "Y-max": "167703", "Description": "Guam (/nnwnnm/ ( listen); Chamorro: Gu\u00e5h\u00e5n [nnnnhnn]) is an unincorporated and organized\nterritory of the United States in Micronesia in the western Pacific Ocean. The capital city of Guam is\nHag\u00e5t\u00f1a and the most populous city is Dededo. The inhabitants of Guam are called Guamanians, and\nthey are American citizens by birth. Indigenous Guamanians are the Chamorros, who are related to\nother Austronesian natives to the west in the Philippines and Taiwan.In 2016, 162,742 people resided\non Guam. Guam has an area of 210 square miles (540 km2) and a population density of 775 per\nsquare mile (299/km2). In Oceania, it is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the\nlargest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest\npopulation density at 3,691 per square mile (1,425/km2), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the\nlowest density at 119 per square mile (46/km2). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 1,332 feet\n(406 m) above sea level. Since the 1960s, the economy has been supported by two industries: tourism\nand the United States Armed Forces.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Guam.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Guam.pdf"}, {"Title": "North America Population", "doc_id": 34, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "190581666", "Y-max": "367522012", "Description": "North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western\nHemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is\nbordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by\nthe Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.North America\ncovers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 16.5% of the\nearth's land area and about 4.8% of its total surface. North America is the third largest continent by\narea, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. In 2013, its\npopulation was estimated at nearly 565 million people in 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the\nworld's population, if nearby islands (most notably the Caribbean) are included.North America was\nreached by its first human populations during the last glacial period, via crossing the Bering land bridge\napproximately 40,000 to 17,000 years ago. The so-called Paleo-Indian period is taken to have lasted\nuntil about 10,000 years ago (the beginning of the Archaic or Meso-Indian period). The Classic stage\nspans roughly the 6th to 13th centuries. The Pre-Columbian era ended in 1492, and the transatlantic\nmigrations -- the arrival of European settlers during the Age of Discovery and the Early Modern period.\nPresent-day cultural and ethnic patterns reflect different kinds of interactions between European\ncolonists, indigenous peoples, African slaves and their descendants.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/North America.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/North America.pdf"}, {"Title": "Australia Population", "doc_id": 35, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "9583942", "Y-max": "24819693", "Description": "Coordinates: 25\u00b0S 133\u00b0En / n25\u00b0S 133\u00b0En / -25; 133Australia (/nnstrenlin, n-/ ( listen)), officially the\nCommonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian\ncontinent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the largest country in Oceania\nand the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea,\nIndonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New\nZealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney.For about\n60,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by\nindigenous Australians, who in documented times have spoken languages classifiable into roughly 250\ngroups. After the European discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern\nhalf was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony\nof New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and\nby the 1850s most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown\ncolonies established. On 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of\nAustralia. Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a\nfederal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states and several territories.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Australia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Australia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Cameroon Population", "doc_id": 36, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "4263121", "Y-max": "24352335", "Description": "Coordinates: 6\u00b0N 12\u00b0En / n6\u00b0N 12\u00b0En / 6; 12Cameroon (/nk\u00e6mnnrunn/; French: Cameroun),\nofficially the Republic of Cameroon (French: R\u00e9publique du Cameroun), is a country in Central Africa.\nIt is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east;\nand Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies\non the Bight of Biafra, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean.French and English are the\nofficial languages of Cameroon. The country is often referred to as \"Africa in miniature\" for its\ngeological and cultural diversity. Natural features include beaches, deserts, mountains, rainforests, and\nsavannas. The highest point at almost 4,100 metres (13,500 ft) is Mount Cameroon in the Southwest\nRegion of the country, and the largest cities in population-terms are Douala on the Wouri river, its\neconomic capital and main seaport, Yaound\u00e9, its political capital, and Garoua. The country is well\nknown for its native styles of music, particularly makossa and bikutsi, and for its successful national\nfootball team.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Cameroon.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Cameroon.pdf"}, {"Title": "TimorLeste Population", "doc_id": 37, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "461513", "Y-max": "1307107", "Description": "East Timor (/ninst ntinmnnr/ ( listen)) or Timor-Leste (/tinmnnr nlnnten/; Tetum: Tim\u00f3r Lorosa'e),\nofficially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica de Timor-Leste,\nTetum: Rep\u00fablika Demokr\u00e1tika Tim\u00f3r-Leste), is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia. It\ncomprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse,\nan exclave on the northwestern side of the island surrounded by Indonesian West Timor. Australia is\nthe country's southern neighbor, separated by the Timor Sea. The country's size is about 15,410 km2\n(5,400 sq mi).East Timor was colonised by Portugal in the 16th century, and was known as Portuguese\nTimor until 28 November 1975, when the Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Fretilin)\ndeclared the territory's independence. Nine days later, it was invaded and occupied by Indonesia and\nwas declared Indonesia's 27th province the following year. The Indonesian occupation of East Timor\nwas characterised by a highly violent decades-long conflict between separatist groups (especially\nFretilin) and the Indonesian military.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Timor-Leste.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Timor-Leste.pdf"}, {"Title": "Turkey Population", "doc_id": 38, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "24870326", "Y-max": "82114430", "Description": "Turkey (/ntnnrki/ ( listen); Turkish: T\u00fcrkiye [ntyncije]), officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish:\n T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti (help\u00b7info); pronounced [ntyncije dnnumnhunijeti]), is a transcontinental country\nin Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in\nSoutheast Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries with Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest;\nGeorgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and\nIraq and Syria to the south. The country is encircled by seas on three sides with the Aegean Sea to the\nwest, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of\nMarmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia and\nseparate Europe and Asia. Ankara is the capital while Istanbul is the country's largest city and main\ncultural and commercial centre, classified as a leading global city. Major urban areas include nzmir,\nAntalya, Bursa, Eskinehir, Mersin, Konya, and Adana, among others.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Turkey.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Turkey.pdf"}, {"Title": "Monaco Population", "doc_id": 39, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "21649", "Y-max": "39301", "Description": "in Europe  (green & dark grey)Monaco (/nmnnnkon/ ( listen); French pronunciation:  [mnnako]),\nofficially the Principality of Monaco (French: Principaut\u00e9 de Monaco),[a] is a sovereign city-state,\ncountry and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe. France borders the country on three\nsides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea. Monaco has an area of 2.02 km2\n(0.78 sq mi) and a population of about 38,400, according to the last census of 2016. With 19,009\ninhabitants per km\u00b2, it is the second-smallest and most densely populated sovereign state in the world.\nMonaco has a land border of 5.47 km (3.40 mi), a coastline of 3.83 km (2.38 mi), and a width that\nvaries between 1,700 and 349 m (1,859 and 382 yd). The highest point in the country is a narrow\npathway named Chemin des R\u00e9voires on the slopes of Mont Agel, in the Les R\u00e9voires Ward, which is\n161 metres (528 feet) above sea level. Monaco's most populous Quartier is Monte Carlo and the most\npopulous Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins. Through land reclamation, Monaco's land mass has expanded\nby twenty percent; in 2005, it had an area of only 1.974 km2 (0.762 sq mi). Monaco is known as a\nplayground for the rich and famous, due to its tax laws. In 2014, it was noted about 30% of the\npopulation was made up of millionaires, more than in Z\u00fcrich or Geneva.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Monaco.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Monaco.pdf"}, {"Title": "Nepal Population", "doc_id": 40, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "9117023", "Y-max": "29928759", "Description": "Nepal (/nnnpnnl/ ( listen); Nepali: nnnnn  Nepnl [nenpal]), officially the Federal Democratic\nRepublic of Nepal (Nepali: nnnnnn nnnnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn nnnnn Sanghiya Loktnntrik\nGanatantra Nepnl), is a landlocked country in South Asia located in the Himalaya. With an estimated\npopulation of 26.4 million, it is 48th largest country by population and 93rd largest country by area. It\nborders China in the north and India in the south, east, and west while Bangladesh is located within\nonly 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip and Bhutan is separated from it by the Indian state of Sikkim.\nA Himalayan state, Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and\neight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth.\nKathmandu is the nation's capital and largest city. Nepal is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the\nofficial language.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Nepal.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Nepal.pdf"}, {"Title": "Gibraltar Population", "doc_id": 41, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "22843", "Y-max": "34958", "Description": "\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)Gibraltar (/dnnnbrnnltnr/\nji-BRAWL-tnr, /dnnnbrnltnr/ ji-BROL-tnr or other permutations; Spanish pronunciation: [xibnalntan])\nis a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. It has an area of\n6.7 km2 (2.6 sq mi) and is bordered to the north by Spain. The landscape is dominated by the Rock of\nGibraltar at the foot of which is a densely populated city area, home to over 30,000 people, primarily\nGibraltarians.An Anglo-Dutch force captured Gibraltar from Spain in 1704 during the War of the\nSpanish Succession on behalf of the Habsburg claim to the Spanish throne. The territory was\nsubsequently ceded to Great Britain in perpetuity under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. During World\nWar II it was an important base for the Royal Navy as it controlled the entrance and exit to the\nMediterranean Sea, which is only eight miles (13 km) wide at this naval \"choke point\". It remains\nstrategically important to this day, with half the world's seaborne trade passing through the strait. Today\nGibraltar's economy is based largely on tourism, online gambling, financial services, and cargo ship\nrefuelling services. The effect of a prospective Brexit on the Gibraltarian economy is yet to be\ndetermined.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Gibraltar.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Gibraltar.pdf"}, {"Title": "Seychelles Population", "doc_id": 42, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "39051", "Y-max": "97325", "Description": "Coordinates: 4\u00b035\u00a2S 55\u00b040\u00a2En / n4.583\u00b0S 55.667\u00b0En / -4.583; 55.667\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark\ngrey) \u0152 in the African Union  (light blue)Seychelles (/sennnnlz/ ( listen) say-SHELZ; French: [sennl]),\nofficially the Republic of Seychelles (French: R\u00e9publique des Seychelles; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an\narchipelago and sovereign state in the Indian Ocean. The 115-island country, whose capital is Victoria,\nlies 1,500 kilometres (932 mi) east of mainland East Africa. nearby island countries and territories\ninclude Comoros, Mayotte (region of France), Madagascar, R\u00e9union (region of France) and Mauritius\nto the south. With a population of roughly 94,228, it has the smallest population of any sovereign\nAfrican country.Seychelles is a member of the African Union, the Southern African Development\nCommunity, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations. After proclamation of\nindependence from the United Kingdom in 1976, Seychelles has developed from a largely agricultural\nsociety to a market-based diversified economy, with agriculture being supplanted by rapidly rising\nservice and public sectors as well as tourism. Since 1976, nominal GDP output has increased nearly\nsevenfold and the purchasing power parity nearly sixteenfold. In recent years, the government has\nencouraged foreign investment in order to upgrade these sectors. Today, Seychelles boasts the\nhighest nominal per capita GDP in Africa, excluding the French regions. It is one of only a handful of\ncountries in Africa with a high Human Development Index. Despite the country's newfound economic\nprosperity, poverty remains widespread due to a high level of income inequality, one of the highest in\nthe world, and unequal wealth distribution.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Seychelles.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Seychelles.pdf"}, {"Title": "Burundi Population", "doc_id": 43, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2399205", "Y-max": "10911017", "Description": "Coordinates: 3\u00b030\u00a2S 30\u00b000\u00a2En / n3.500\u00b0S 30.000\u00b0En / -3.500; 30.000\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark\ngrey) \u0152 in the African Union  (light blue)Burundi (/bnnrnndi/ or /bnnrnndi/), officially the Republic of\nBurundi (Kirundi: Republika y'Uburundi, [bunnundi]; French: R\u00e9publique du Burundi, [bunundi] or\n[bynyndi]), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by\nRwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the\nwest. It is also considered part of Central Africa. Burundi's capital is Bujumbura. The southwestern\nborder is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika.The Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at\nleast 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the\nbeginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and\nGermany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and\nRwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi\nand Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Burundi.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Burundi.pdf"}, {"Title": "Congo Dem Population", "doc_id": 44, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "12073855", "Y-max": "81910548", "Description": "Coordinates: 2\u00b052\u00a248\u00b2S 23\u00b039\u00a222\u00b2En / n2.88\u00b0S 23.656\u00b0En / -2.88; 23.656The Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo (/nknnnon/; French pronunciation:  [knnno]; French: R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du\nCongo), also known as DR Congo, DRC, Congo-Kinshasa or simply the Congo, is a country located in\nCentral Africa. The country was known as Zaire between 1971 and 1997. The DRC borders the Central\nAfrican Republic and South Sudan to the north; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania to the east;\nZambia to the south; Angola to the southwest; and the Republic of the Congo and the Atlantic Ocean\nto the west. It is the second-largest country in Africa (largest in Sub-Saharan Africa) by area and 11th\nlargest in the world. With a population of over 78 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the\nmost populated officially Francophone country, the fourth most-populated nation in Africa and the 17th\nmost populated country in the world.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Congo, Dem.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Congo, Dem.pdf"}, {"Title": "Micronesia Fed Population", "doc_id": 45, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "41338", "Y-max": "111700", "Description": "Coordinates: 6\u00b055\u00a2N 158\u00b015\u00a2En / n6.917\u00b0N 158.250\u00b0En / 6.917; 158.250The Federated States of\nMicronesia (/nmankronnninnn/ ( listen); abbreviated FSM and also known simply as Micronesia) is\nan independent sovereign island nation and a United States associated state consisting of four states \u0152\nfrom west to east, Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae \u0152 that are spread across the Western Pacific\nOcean. Together, the states comprise around 607 islands (a combined land area of approximately\n702 km2 or 271 sq mi) that cover a longitudinal distance of almost 2,700 km (1,678 mi) just north of the\nequator. They lie northeast of New Guinea, south of Guam and the Marianas, west of Nauru and the\nMarshall Islands, east of Palau and the Philippines, about 2,900 km (1,802 mi) north of eastern\nAustralia and some 4,000 km (2,485 mi) southwest of the main islands of Hawaii.While the FSM's total\nland area is quite small, it occupies more than 2,600,000 km2 (1,000,000 sq mi) of the Pacific Ocean,\ngiving the country the 14th largest Exclusive Economic Zone in the world. The capital is Palikir, located\non Pohnpei Island, while the largest city is Weno, located in the Chuuk Atoll.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Micronesia, Fed.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Micronesia, Fed.pdf"}, {"Title": "Sweden Population", "doc_id": 46, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "7363732", "Y-max": "10024045", "Description": "Coordinates: 63\u00b0N 16\u00b0En / n63\u00b0N 16\u00b0En / 63; 16\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European\nUnion  (green)  \u0152  [Legend]Swedish[c] minority languages:[c] Finnish Me\u00e4nkieli Sami RomaniSweden\n(/nswindnn/ ( listen) SWEE-dnn; Swedish: Sverige [nsv\u00e6rjn] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of\nSweden (Swedish:  Konungariket Sverige (help\u00b7info)), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It\nborders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the\nsouthwest by a bridge-tunnel across the \u00d6resund. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi),\nSweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area. Sweden has a total population of\n10.1 million of which 2.3 million has a foreign background. It has a low population density of 22\ninhabitants per square kilometre (57/sq mi); the highest concentration is in the southern half of the\ncountry. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Sweden.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Sweden.pdf"}, {"Title": "Moldova Population", "doc_id": 47, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2485900", "Y-max": "3764100", "Description": "Coordinates: 47\u00b0N 29\u00b0En / n47\u00b0N 29\u00b0En / 47; 29Moldova (/mnlndonvn, mnnl-/ ( listen) or\nsometimes UK: /nmnldnvn/), officially the Republic of Moldova (Romanian: Republica Moldova,\n listen (help\u00b7info)), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and\nUkraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria). The capital city is\nChininnu.Most of the Moldovan territory was a part of the Principality of Moldavia from the 14th\ncentury until 1812, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire by the Ottoman Empire (to which\nMoldavia was a vassal state) and became known as Bessarabia. In 1856, southern Bessarabia was\nreturned to Moldavia, which three years later united with Wallachia to form Romania, but Russian rule\nwas restored over the whole of the region in 1878. During the 1917 Russian Revolution, Bessarabia\nbriefly became an autonomous and then independent Moldavian Democratic Republic until it was\nintegrated into Romania in 1918 following a vote of its assembly. The decision was disputed by Soviet\nRussia, which, in 1924, allowed the establishment, within the Ukrainian SSR, of a Moldavian\nautonomous republic (MASSR) on partial Moldovan-inhabited territories to the east of the Dniester. In\n1940, as a consequence of the Molotov\u0152Ribbentrop Pact, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia\nto the Soviet Union, leading to the creation of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldavian\nSSR), which included the greater part of Bessarabia and the westernmost strip of the former MASSR.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Moldova.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Moldova.pdf"}, {"Title": "Central African Republic Population", "doc_id": 48, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1348952", "Y-max": "4749176", "Description": "Coordinates: 7\u00b0N 21\u00b0En / n7\u00b0N 21\u00b0En / 7; 21\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) \u0152 in the African\nUnion  (light blue)The Central African Republic (CAR; Sango: K\u00f6d\u00f6r\u00f6s\u00ease t\u00ee B\u00eaafr\u00eeka; French:\nR\u00e9publique centrafricaine  pronounced [nepyblik snntnafniknn], or Centrafrique [snntnafnik]) is a\nlandlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South\nSudan to the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south, the Republic of the Congo to the\nsouthwest and Cameroon to the west. The CAR covers a land area of about 620,000 square kilometres\n(240,000 sq mi) and had an estimated population of around 4.6 million as of 2016[update].Most of the\nCAR consists of Sudano-Guinean savannas, but the country also includes a Sahelo-Sudanian zone in\nthe north and an equatorial forest zone in the south. Two thirds of the country is within the Ubangi River\nbasin (which flows into the Congo), while the remaining third lies in the basin of the Chari, which flows\ninto Lake Chad.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Central African Republic.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Central African Republic.pdf"}, {"Title": "St Population", "doc_id": 49, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "79514", "Y-max": "111077", "Description": "ST, St, or St. may refer to:\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/St.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/St.pdf"}, {"Title": "Belgium Population", "doc_id": 50, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "9043755", "Y-max": "11457892", "Description": "Coordinates: 50\u00b050\u00a2N 4\u00b000\u00a2En / n50.833\u00b0N 4.000\u00b0En / 50.833; 4.000\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey)\n\u0152 in the European Union  (green)Belgium (/nbnldnnm/ ( listen)),[A] officially the Kingdom of Belgium,\nis a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg. A\nsmall and densely populated country, it covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi) and\nhas a population of more than 11 million. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin\nEurope, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish\ncommunity, which constitutes about 59 percent of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly\nWalloon population, which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small ~1\npercent group of German speakers who live in the East Cantons.Historically, Belgium lay in the area\nknown as the Low Countries, a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states that also\nincluded parts of Northern France and Western Germany. The region was called Belgica in Latin, after\nthe Roman province of Gallia Belgica. From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century, the area\nof Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture. From the 16th century\nuntil the Belgian Revolution in 1830, when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands, the area of Belgium\nserved as the battleground between many European powers, causing it to be dubbed the \"Battlefield of\nEurope\", a reputation strengthened by both world wars.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Belgium.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Belgium.pdf"}, {"Title": "Least developed countries UN classification Population", "doc_id": 51, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "203809909", "Y-max": "1016320211", "Description": "The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) is a list of the countries that, according to the United Nations,\nexhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development, with the lowest Human Development\nIndex ratings of all countries in the world. The concept of LDCs originated in the late 1960s and the first\ngroup of LDCs was listed by the UN in its resolution 2768 (XXVI) of 18 November 1971.A country is\nclassified among the Least Developed Countries if it meets three criteria:LDC criteria are reviewed\nevery three years by the Committee for Development Policy (CDP) of the UN Economic and Social\nCouncil (ECOSOC). Countries may \"graduate\" out of the LDC classification when indicators exceed\nthese criteria. The United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries,\nLandlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (UN-OHRLLS) coordinates UN\nsupport and provides advocacy services for Least Developed Countries. The classification (as of\nJune 2017[update]) applies to 47 countries.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Least developed countries: UN classification.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Least developed countries: UN classification.pdf"}, {"Title": "Benin Population", "doc_id": 52, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2009588", "Y-max": "11294331", "Description": "Coordinates: 6\u00b028\u00a2N 2\u00b036\u00a2En / n6.467\u00b0N 2.600\u00b0En / 6.467; 2.600\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey)\n\u0152 in the African Union  (light blue)Benin (US: /bnnninn, -nnnn/ bn-NEEN or -NIN; UK: /bnnninn/\nbeh-NEEN; French: B\u00e9nin pronounced [bennn]), officially the Republic of Benin (French: R\u00e9publique\ndu B\u00e9nin) and formerly Dahomey, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Togo to the west,\nNigeria to the east, and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. The majority of its population lives on the\nsmall southern coastline of the Bight of Benin, part of the Gulf of Guinea in the northernmost tropical\nportion of the Atlantic Ocean. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo, but the seat of government is in\nCotonou, the country's largest city and economic capital. Benin covers an area of 114,763 square\nkilometers and its population in 2016 was estimated to be approximately 10.87 million. Benin is a\ntropical nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with substantial employment and income arising from\nsubsistence farming.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Benin.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Benin.pdf"}, {"Title": "Mozambique Population", "doc_id": 53, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "6316655", "Y-max": "29901515", "Description": "Coordinates: 18\u00b015\u00a2S 35\u00b000\u00a2En / n18.250\u00b0S 35.000\u00b0En / -18.250; 35.000in the African Union  (light\nblue)Mozambique (/monz\u00e6mnbink/ or /mnn-/), officially the Republic of Mozambique (Portuguese:\nMo\u00e7ambique or Rep\u00fablica de Mo\u00e7ambique, pronounced [nnnpublikn \u00f0n musnnnbikn]) is a country\nin Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and\nZambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest. It is\nseparated from Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east. The capital and largest city is\nMaputo (known as \"Louren\u00e7o Marques\" before independence).Between the first and fifth centuries AD,\nBantu-speaking peoples migrated to present-day Mozambique from farther north and west. Beginning\nin the 11th century, Arab, Persian, and Somali merchants began establishing commercial ports along\nthe coast, contributing to the development of a distinct Swahili culture and language.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Mozambique.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Mozambique.pdf"}, {"Title": "Brazil Population", "doc_id": 54, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "65435288", "Y-max": "214425130", "Description": "Coordinates: 10\u00b0S 52\u00b0Wn / n10\u00b0S 52\u00b0Wn / -10; -52in South America  (grey)Brazil (/brnnznl/ ( listen);\nPortuguese: Brasil [bnanziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica\nFederativa do Brasil,  listen (help\u00b7info)), is the largest country in both South America and Latin\nAmerica. At 8.5 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles) and with over 208 million people,\nBrazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous. The capital is Bras\u00edlia,\nand the most populated city is S\u00e3o Paulo. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official\nlanguage and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a\ncoastline of 7,491 kilometers (4,655 mi). It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador\nand Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast\ntropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural\nresources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil\none of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding\ndeforestation and environmental protection.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Brazil.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Brazil.pdf"}, {"Title": "Latin America  Caribbean excluding high income Population", "doc_id": 55, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "186096069", "Y-max": "630328793", "Description": "The Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre (LACNIC, Spanish: Registro de\nDirecciones de Internet para Am\u00e9rica Latina y Caribe, Portuguese: Registro de Endere\u00e7amento da\nInternet para Am\u00e9rica Latina e Caribe) is the Regional Internet Registry for the Latin American and\nCaribbean regions.LACNIC provides number resource allocation and registration services that support\nthe global operation of the Internet. It is a not-for-profit, membership-based organisation whose\nmembers include Internet Service Providers, and similar organisations.LACNIC has been allocated the\nIPv4 address blocks 177.0.0.0/8, 179.0.0.0/8, 181.0.0.0/8, 186.0.0.0/8, 187.0.0.0/8, 189.0.0.0/8,\n190.0.0.0/8, 191.0.0.0/8, 200.0.0.0/8, and 201.0.0.0/8 and IPv6 blocks 2001:1200::/23 and\n2800:0000::/12.On 10 June 2014, LACNIC announced that IPv4 addresses pool can be considered\nexhausted in its service region, single /10 block had remained for distribution.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income).png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income).pdf"}, {"Title": "Latin America  Caribbean Population", "doc_id": 56, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "199572645", "Y-max": "658526006", "Description": "The Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre (LACNIC, Spanish: Registro de\nDirecciones de Internet para Am\u00e9rica Latina y Caribe, Portuguese: Registro de Endere\u00e7amento da\nInternet para Am\u00e9rica Latina e Caribe) is the Regional Internet Registry for the Latin American and\nCaribbean regions.LACNIC provides number resource allocation and registration services that support\nthe global operation of the Internet. It is a not-for-profit, membership-based organisation whose\nmembers include Internet Service Providers, and similar organisations.LACNIC has been allocated the\nIPv4 address blocks 177.0.0.0/8, 179.0.0.0/8, 181.0.0.0/8, 186.0.0.0/8, 187.0.0.0/8, 189.0.0.0/8,\n190.0.0.0/8, 191.0.0.0/8, 200.0.0.0/8, and 201.0.0.0/8 and IPv6 blocks 2001:1200::/23 and\n2800:0000::/12.On 10 June 2014, LACNIC announced that IPv4 addresses pool can be considered\nexhausted in its service region, single /10 block had remained for distribution.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Latin America & Caribbean.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Latin America & Caribbean.pdf"}, {"Title": "New Caledonia Population", "doc_id": 57, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "69050", "Y-max": "287950", "Description": "Coordinates: 21\u00b015\u00a2S 165\u00b018\u00a2En / n21.25\u00b0S 165.30\u00b0En / -21.25; 165.30New Caledonia (French:\nNouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie)[nb 1] is a special collectivity of France in the southwest Pacific Ocean, 1,210 km\n(750 mi) east of Australia and 20,000 km (12,000 mi) from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part\nof the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the\nChesterfield Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of Pines, and a few remote islets. The Chesterfield\nIslands are in the Coral Sea. Locals refer to Grande Terre as Le Caillou (\"the pebble\").New Caledonia\nhas a land area of 18,576 km2 (7,172 sq mi). Its population of 268,767 (Aug. 2014 census) consists of\na mix of Kanak people (the original inhabitants of New Caledonia), people of European descent\n(Caldoches and Metropolitan French), Polynesian people (mostly Wallisians), and Southeast Asian\npeople, as well as a few people of Pied-Noir and North African descent. The capital of the territory is\nNoum\u00e9a.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/New Caledonia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/New Caledonia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Andorra Population", "doc_id": 58, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "9858", "Y-max": "88014", "Description": "in Europe  (dark grey)  \u0152  [Legend]Andorra (/\u00e6nndnnrn, -ndnrn/ ( listen); Catalan: [nnndorn],\nlocally [anndnra]), officially the Principality of Andorra (Catalan: Principat d'Andorra), also called the\nPrincipality of the Valleys of Andorra (Catalan: Principat de les Valls d'Andorra), is a sovereign\nlandlocked microstate on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees, bordered by France in the\nnorth and Spain in the south. Created under a charter in 988,[clarification needed] the present\nprincipality was formed in 1278. It is known as a principality as it is a diarchy headed by two\nCo-Princes: the Catholic Bishop of Urgell in Spain and the President of France.Andorra is the\nsixth-smallest nation in Europe, having an area of 468 km2 (181 sq mi) and a population of\napproximately 77,281. Andorra is the 16th-smallest country in the world by land and 11th-smallest\ncountry by population. Its capital Andorra la Vella is the highest capital city in Europe, at an elevation of\n1,023 metres (3,356 feet) above sea level. The official language is Catalan, although Spanish,\nPortuguese, and French are also commonly spoken.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Andorra.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Andorra.pdf"}, {"Title": "Greece Population", "doc_id": 59, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "8192244", "Y-max": "11260821", "Description": "\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)  \u0152  [Legend]Greece (Greek:\nEllnda), officially the Hellenic Republic (Ellhnikn Dhmokratna), historically also known as Hellas, is\na country in Southern Europe, with a population of approximately 11 million as of 2016. Athens is the\nnation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.Greece is located at the crossroads of\nEurope, Asia, and Africa. Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, it shares land borders\nwith Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the\nnortheast. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea\nand the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin\nand the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a large number\nof islands, of which 227 are inhabited. Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous, with Mount Olympus\nbeing the highest peak at 2,918 metres (9,573 ft). The country consists of nine geographic regions:\nMacedonia, Central Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean Islands (including the\nDodecanese and Cyclades), Thrace, Crete, and the Ionian Islands.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Greece.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Greece.pdf"}, {"Title": "SubSaharan Africa IDA  IBRD countries Population", "doc_id": 60, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "188296486", "Y-max": "1073335165", "Description": "Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.\nAccording to the United Nations, it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located\nsouth of the Sahara. It contrasts with North Africa, whose territories are part of the League of Arab\nstates within the Arab world. Somalia, Djibouti, Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in\nSub-Saharan Africa, but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world.The Sahel is the\ntransitional zone in between the Sahara and the tropical savanna of the Sudan region and farther south\nthe forest-savanna mosaic of tropical Africa.Since probably 3500 BCE, the Saharan and Sub-Saharan\nregions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated\nSahara, forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan, though the Nile was blocked\nby the river's cataracts. The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna (including Homo\nsapiens) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond. African pluvial periods are associated\nwith a \"wet Sahara\" phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries).png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries).pdf"}, {"Title": "Ukraine Population", "doc_id": 61, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "42186295", "Y-max": "52655063", "Description": "42,418,235 Ukraine (/junnkrenn/ ( listen) yoo-KRAYN; Ukrainian: nnnnnnn, translit. Ukraina\n[ukrnnjinn]), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by\nRussia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west;\nRomania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and\nsoutheast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean\nPeninsula, which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community\nrecognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi),\nmaking it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. Excluding\nCrimea, Ukraine has a population of about 42.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in\nthe world.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Ukraine.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Ukraine.pdf"}, {"Title": "Tunisia Population", "doc_id": 62, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "3814916", "Y-max": "11764597", "Description": "in Africa  (light blue)Islam (state religion; 99.1% SunniTunisia (/tunnninnn/; Arabic: nnnnn  Tnnis;\nBerber: Tunes, nnnnn; French: Tunisie), officially the Republic of Tunisia, (Arabic: nnnnnnnnn\nnnnnnnnnn  al-Jumhnrnya at-Tnnisnya) is a sovereign state in Northwest Africa, covering\n165,000 square kilometres (64,000 square miles). Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the\nnorthernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya\nto the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was estimated\nto be just under 11.93 million in 2016. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is\nlocated on its northeast coast.Geographically, Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains\nand the northern reaches of the Sahara desert. Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. Its\n1,300 kilometres (810 miles) of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern\nparts of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, feature\nthe African mainland's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Tunisia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Tunisia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Papua New Guinea Population", "doc_id": 63, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1706961", "Y-max": "8388706", "Description": "Coordinates: 6\u00b0S 147\u00b0En / n6\u00b0S 147\u00b0En / -6; 147Papua New Guinea (PNG; /np\u00e6pun njun nnnnin,\nnpnn-, -pju-/, US: /np\u00e6pjun, pnnnpunn/; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini; Hiri Motu: Papua Niu Gini),\nofficially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an Oceanian country that occupies the\neastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the\nsouthwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port\nMoresby. The western half of New Guinea forms the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West\nPapua.At the national level, after being ruled by three external powers since 1884, Papua New Guinea\nestablished its sovereignty in 1975. This followed nearly 60 years of Australian administration, which\nstarted during World War I. It became an independent Commonwealth realm in 1975 with Queen\nElizabeth II as its head of state and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in its own\nright.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Papua New Guinea.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Papua New Guinea.pdf"}, {"Title": "Virgin Islands U Population", "doc_id": 64, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "28168", "Y-max": "112470", "Description": "The United States Virgin Islands (USVI; also called the American Virgin Islands), officially the Virgin\nIslands of the United States, is a group of islands in the Caribbean that is an insular area of the United\nStates located 40 miles (64 km) east of Puerto Rico. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin\nIslands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.The U.S. Virgin\nIslands consist of the main islands of Saint Croix, Saint John, and Saint Thomas, and many other\nsurrounding minor islands. The total land area of the territory is 133.73 square miles (346.36 km2). The\nterritory's capital is Charlotte Amalie on the island of Saint Thomas.Previously known as the Danish\nWest Indies of the Kingdom of Denmark\u0152Norway, they were sold to the United States by Denmark in\nthe Treaty of the Danish West Indies of 1916. They are classified by the United Nations as a\nNon-Self-Governing Territory, and are currently an organized, unincorporated United States territory.\nThe U.S. Virgin Islands are organized under the 1954 Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands and\nhave since held five constitutional conventions. The last and only proposed Constitution, adopted by\nthe Fifth Constitutional Convention of the U.S. Virgin Islands in 2009, was rejected by the U.S.\nCongress in 2010, which urged the convention to reconvene to address the concerns Congress and\nthe Obama Administration had with the proposed document. The Fifth Constitutional Convention of the\nU.S. Virgin Islands met in October 2012 to address these concerns, but was not able to produce a\nrevised Constitution before its October 31 deadline.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Virgin Islands (U.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Virgin Islands (U.pdf"}, {"Title": "Guinea Population", "doc_id": 65, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "3136483", "Y-max": "12836849", "Description": "Coordinates: 11\u00b0N 10\u00b0Wn / n11\u00b0N 10\u00b0Wn / 11; -10\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) \u0152 in the African\nUnion  (light blue)Guinea (/nnnni/ ( listen)), officially the Republic of Guinea (French: R\u00e9publique de\nGuin\u00e9e), is a country on the western coast of Africa. Formerly known as French Guinea (French:\nGuin\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise), the modern country is sometimes referred to as Guinea-Conakry in order to\ndistinguish it from other countries with \"Guinea\" in the name and the eponymous region, such as\nGuinea-Bissau and Equatorial Guinea. Guinea has a population of 12.4 million and an area of 245,860\nsquare kilometres (94,927 sq mi).Guinea is a republic. The president is directly elected by the people\nand is head of state and head of government. The unicameral Guinean National Assembly is the\nlegislative body of the country, and its members are also directly elected by the people. The judicial\nbranch is led by the Guinea Supreme Court, the highest and final court of appeal in the country. The\ncountry is named after the Guinea region. Guinea is a traditional name for the region of Africa that lies\nalong the Gulf of Guinea. It stretches north through the forested tropical regions and ends at the Sahel.\nThe English term Guinea comes directly from the Portuguese word Guin\u00e9, which emerged in the\nmid-15th century to refer to the lands inhabited by the Guineus, a generic term for the black African\npeoples below the Senegal River, as opposed to the 'tawny' Zenaga Berbers, above it, whom they\ncalled Azenegues or Moors.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Guinea.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Guinea.pdf"}, {"Title": "Estonia Population", "doc_id": 66, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1193655", "Y-max": "1587055", "Description": "\u0152 in Europe  (green & grey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)  \u0152  [Legend]Estonia\n(/nnstonnin/ ( listen); Estonian: Eesti [nensti]), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti\nVabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland with\nFinland on the other side, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east\nby Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in\nthe north. The territory of Estonia consists of a mainland and 2,222 islands in the Baltic Sea, covering a\ntotal area of 45,227 km2 (17,462 sq mi), water 2,839 km2 (1,096 sq mi), land area 42,388 km2\n(16,366 sq mi), and is influenced by a humid continental climate. Ethnic Estonians \u0152 the largest ethnic\ngroup in country \u0152 are Finnic peoples.The territory of Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9000\nBC. Ancient Estonians were some of the last European pagans, and were Christianized during a\ncrusade in the 13th century. After centuries of successive German, Danish, Swedish, and Russian rule,\nEstonians experienced a national awakening in 19th century. On 24 February 1918 independence was\ndeclared and later secured through War of Independence. After democratic rule from 1918 to 1934,\nEstonia became autocratic during the Era of Silence. During World War II, Estonia suffered successive\noccupations by Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and Soviet Union again, resulting in its annexation as the\nEstonian SSR. After the loss of its de facto independence, Estonia's de jure state continuity was\npreserved by diplomats and government in exile. In 1987 the peaceful Singing Revolution against\nSoviet rule began, culminating with restoration of its de facto independence on 20 August 1991. Since\nrestoration of its independence, Estonia has been a democratic unitary parliamentary republic divided\ninto fifteen counties. Its capital and largest city is Tallinn. With a population of 1.3 million, it is one of the\nleast-populous member states of the European Union, Eurozone, OECD, Schengen Area, and of\nNATO.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Estonia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Estonia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Congo Rep Population", "doc_id": 67, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "832789", "Y-max": "5330251", "Description": "Coordinates: 1\u00b026\u00a224\u00b2S 15\u00b033\u00a222\u00b2En / n1.44\u00b0S 15.556\u00b0En / -1.44; 15.556\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark\ngrey) \u0152 in the African Union  (light blue)The Republic of the Congo (French: R\u00e9publique du Congo),\nalso known as the Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic, West Congo[dubious \u0152 discuss] or simply\nthe Congo, is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon and the Atlantic Ocean\nto the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic\nRepublic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.The\nregion was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes, who built trade links leading into the Congo River\nbasin. Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Upon\nindependence in 1960, the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo. The\nPeople's Republic of the Congo was a Marxist\u0152Leninist one-party state from 1970 to 1991. Multi-party\nelections have been held since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the\n1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War and President Denis Sassou Nguesso, who first came to power\nin 1979, has ruled for 33 of the past 38 years.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Congo, Rep.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Congo, Rep.pdf"}, {"Title": "Cuba Population", "doc_id": 68, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "6924392", "Y-max": "11692724", "Description": "Coordinates: 22\u00b000\u00a2N 80\u00b000\u00a2Wn / n22.000\u00b0N 80.000\u00b0Wn / 22.000; -80.000Cuba (/nkjunbn/; Spanish\npronunciation: [nkuba]), officially the Republic of Cuba (Spanish:  Rep\u00fablica de Cuba (help\u00b7info)), is a\ncountry comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.\nCuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the\nAtlantic Ocean meet. It is south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Haiti, and\nnorth of Jamaica. Havana is the largest city and capital; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba\nand Camag\u00fcey. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, with an area of 109,884 square kilometres\n(42,426 sq mi), and the second-most populous after Hispaniola, with over 11 million inhabitants.The\nterritory of Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney tribes in the 4th millennium BC. Until the 15th century, it\nwas inhabited by Amerindian tribes which became a colony of Spain until the Spanish\u0152American War\nof 1898, when Cuba gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902.\nAs a fragile republic, Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system, but mounting political\nradicalization and social strife culminated in the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista in 1952. Further\nunrest and instability led to Batista's ousting in January 1959 by the July 26 Movement, which\nafterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro. Since 1965, the state has\nbeen governed by the Communist Party of Cuba. A point of contention during the Cold War between\nthe Soviet Union and the United States, a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis\nof 1962. Cuba is one of the few remaining Marxist\u0152Leninist socialist states, where the role of the\nvanguard Communist Party is enshrined in the Constitution. Independent observers have accused the\nCuban government of numerous human rights abuses, including arbitrary imprisonment.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Cuba.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Cuba.pdf"}, {"Title": "Tajikistan Population", "doc_id": 69, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1754642", "Y-max": "9067346", "Description": "Coordinates: 39\u00b0N 71\u00b0En / n39\u00b0N 71\u00b0En / 39; 71Tajikistan (/tnnndninknstnnn/ ( listen),\n/tnndninknst\u00e6n/, or /t\u00e6ndninkinst\u00e6n/; Tajik: nnnnnnnnnn [tnndnniknsntnnn]), officially the\nRepublic of Tajikistan (Tajik: nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn, \u00c7umhuriji To\u00e7ikiston), is a mountainous,\nlandlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated population of 8.7 million people as of 2016, and\nan area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the\nwest, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included\npresent-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was\npreviously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the\nBronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including\nthe Oxus civilisation, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism,\nManichaeism and Islam. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the\nAchaemenid Empire, Sasanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid\ndynasty, the Russian Empire, and subsequently the Soviet Union, upon whose dissolution in 1991\nTajikistan became an independent nation. A civil war was fought almost immediately after\nindependence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability\nand foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. Like all other Central Asian neighbouring\nstates, the country, led by President Emomali Rahmon since 1994, has been criticised for authoritarian\nleadership, lack of religious freedom, corruption and widespread violations of human rights by a\nnumber of non-governmental organizations.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Tajikistan.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Tajikistan.pdf"}, {"Title": "Trinidad and Tobago Population", "doc_id": 70, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "822654", "Y-max": "1390786", "Description": "Coordinates: 11\u00b014\u00a257\u00b2N 60\u00b039\u00a209\u00b2Wn / n11.249285\u00b0N 60.652557\u00b0Wn / 11.249285;\n-60.652557Trinidad and Tobago (/ntrnnnnd\u00e6d ... tnnbennon/ ( listen), /ton-/), officially the\nRepublic of Trinidad and Tobago, is a twin island sovereign state that is the southernmost nation in the\nCaribbean. It is situated 130 kilometres (81 miles) south of Grenada off the northern edge of the South\nAmerican mainland, 11 kilometres (6.8 miles) off the coast of northeastern Venezuela. It shares\nmaritime boundaries with Barbados to the northeast, Grenada to the northwest, Guyana to the\nsoutheast, and Venezuela to the south and west.The island of Trinidad was a Spanish colony from the\narrival of Christopher Columbus in 1498 until Spanish governor Don Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Chac\u00f3n surrendered\nthe island to a British fleet under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby in 1797. During the same\nperiod, the island of Tobago changed hands among Spanish, British, French, Dutch and Courlander\ncolonizers more times than any other island in the Caribbean. Trinidad and Tobago were ceded to\nBritain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens as separate states and unified in 1889. Trinidad and\nTobago obtained independence in 1962 and became a republic in 1976.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Trinidad and Tobago.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Trinidad and Tobago.pdf"}, {"Title": "Low  middle income Population", "doc_id": 71, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2080957755", "Y-max": "6450732271", "Description": "A developing country, also called a less developed country or an underdeveloped country, is a nation\nor a sovereign state with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI)\nrelative to other countries. There are no universally agreed-upon criteria for what makes a country\ndeveloping versus developed and which countries fit these two categories, although there are general\nreference points such as a nation's GDP per capita compared with other nations. Also the general term\nless-developed country should not be confused with the specific least developed country. The term\n\"developing\" describes a currently observed situation and not a dynamic or expected direction of\nprogress. Since the late 1990s developing countries tended to demonstrate higher growth rates than\nthe developed ones. An alternative measurement that has been suggested is that of gross national\nhappiness. Countries on the boundary between developed and developing are often categorized under\nthe term \"newly industrialized countries\".\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Low & middle income.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Low & middle income.pdf"}, {"Title": "Greenland Population", "doc_id": 72, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "31278", "Y-max": "58156", "Description": "Greenland (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaat, pronounced [kalannit nunant]; Danish: Gr\u00f8nland,\npronounced [nnnnnnlann]) is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark\nbetween the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though\nphysiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally\nassociated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby\nisland of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors\nbegan migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the\nisland.Greenland is the world's largest island. Australia and Antarctica, although larger, are generally\nconsidered to be continental landmasses rather than islands. Three-quarters of Greenland is covered\nby the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480 (2013), it is the\nleast densely populated territory in the world. About a third of the population live in Nuuk, the capital\nand largest city. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the\nvarious cities and settlements.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Greenland.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Greenland.pdf"}, {"Title": "Sierra Leone Population", "doc_id": 73, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2042156", "Y-max": "7651144", "Description": "Coordinates: 8\u00b030\u00a2N 11\u00b030\u00a2Wn / n8.500\u00b0N 11.500\u00b0Wn / 8.500; -11.500\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark\ngrey) \u0152 in the African Union  (light blue)  \u0152  [Legend]Sierra Leone (/sinnnnrn linnonnin,\n-linnonn/ ( listen)), officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by\nGuinea to the northeast, Liberia to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest. Sierra Leone\nhas a tropical climate, with a diverse environment ranging from savannah to rainforests. The country\nhas a total area of 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi) and a population of 7,075,641 (based on the 2015\nnational census). It is a constitutional republic with a directly elected president and a directly elected\n112 members of a unicameral legislature known as Parliament.Sierra Leone is made up of five\nadministrative regions: the Northern Province, North Western Province, Eastern Province, Southern\nProvince and the Western Area. These regions are subdivided into sixteen districts, which are further\ndivided into 190 chiefdoms. Each district has its own directly elected local government, though with\nvery limited powers, as most of the powers are held by the central government in Freetown. Freetown\n(population 1,050,301), located in the Western Area, is Sierra Leone's capital, largest city. Kenema is\nSierra Leone second most populous city and is located in the east of the country, 160 miles from\nFreetown.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Sierra Leone.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Sierra Leone.pdf"}, {"Title": "Central Europe and the Baltics Population", "doc_id": 74, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "90431593", "Y-max": "111771369", "Description": "Central Europe is the region comprising the central part of Europe. It is said to occupy continuous\nterritory that are otherwise conventionally Eastern Europe and Western Europe. The concept of Central\nEurope is based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. Central Europe is going through a\nphase of \"strategic awakening\", with initiatives such as the CEI, Centrope and the Visegr\u00e1d Four.\nWhile the region's economy shows high disparities with regard to income, all Central European\ncountries are listed by the Human Development Index as very highly developed.Elements of unity for\nWestern and Central Europe were Roman Catholicism and Latin. However Eastern Europe, which\nremained Eastern Orthodox Christian, was the area of Graeco-Byzantine cultural influence; after the\nschism (1054), Eastern Europe developed cultural unity and resistance to the Western world (Catholic\nand Protestant) within the framework of Church Slavonic language and the Cyrillic alphabet.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Central Europe and the Baltics.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Central Europe and the Baltics.pdf"}, {"Title": "Kosovo Population", "doc_id": 75, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "890050", "Y-max": "2142950", "Description": "Coordinates: 42\u00b035\u00a2N 21\u00b000\u00a2En / n42.583\u00b0N 21.000\u00b0En / 42.583; 21.000DisputedKosovo\n(/nknsnvon, nkon-/; Albanian: Kosova, [knnsnnva] or Kosov\u00eb; Serbian Cyrillic: nnnnnn,\n[k\u00f4sono]) is a disputed territory and partially recognised state in Southeastern Europe that declared\nindependence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Republika e\nKosov\u00ebs; Serbian Cyrillic: nnnnnnnnn nnnnnn / Serbian Latin: Republika Kosovo).Kosovo is\nlandlocked in the central Balkan Peninsula. With its strategic position in the Balkans, it serves as an\nimportant link in the connection between central and southern Europe, the Adriatic Sea, and Black\nSea. Its capital and largest city is Pristina, and other major urban areas include Prizren, Pen and\nFerizaj. It is bordered by Albania to the southwest, the Republic of Macedonia to the southeast,\nMontenegro to the west and the uncontested territory of Serbia to the north and east. While Serbia\nrecognises administration of the territory by Kosovo's elected government, it continues to claim it as its\nown Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Kosovo.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Kosovo.pdf"}, {"Title": "Aruba Population", "doc_id": 76, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "51680", "Y-max": "107352", "Description": "in the Caribbean  (light yellow)Aruba (/nnrunbn/ n-ROO-bn; Dutch: [annruban]) is an island and a\nconstituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the southern Caribbean Sea, located about\n1,600 kilometres (990 mi) west of the main part of the Lesser Antilles and 29 kilometres (18 mi) north\nof the coast of Venezuela. It measures 32 kilometres (20 mi) long from its northwestern to its\nsoutheastern end and 10 kilometres (6 mi) across at its widest point. Together with Bonaire and\nCura\u00e7ao, Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands. Collectively, Aruba and the other Dutch\nislands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean.Aruba is one of the four countries that\nform the Kingdom of the Netherlands, along with the Netherlands, Cura\u00e7ao, and Sint Maarten; the\ncitizens of these countries are all Dutch nationals. Aruba has no administrative subdivisions, but, for\ncensus purposes, is divided into eight regions. Its capital is Oranjestad.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Aruba.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Aruba.pdf"}, {"Title": "Curacao Population", "doc_id": 77, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "123067", "Y-max": "161757", "Description": "in the Caribbean  (light yellow)Cura\u00e7ao (/nknrnsan/ KUR-n-sow or /nkjnnrnsan/ KEWR-n-sow;\nDutch: Cura\u00e7ao, pronounced [kynrannsnun]; Papiamento: K\u00f2rsou, pronounced [nkorsou]) is a\nLesser Antilles island in the southern Caribbean Sea and the Dutch Caribbean region, about 65 km\n(40 mi) north of the Venezuelan coast. It is a constituent country (Dutch: land) of the Kingdom of the\nNetherlands.The country was formerly part of the Cura\u00e7ao and Dependencies colony (1815\u01521954) and\nis now formally called the Country of Cura\u00e7ao (Dutch: Land Cura\u00e7ao; Papiamento: Pais K\u00f2rsou); it\nincludes the main island of Cura\u00e7ao and the uninhabited island of Klein Cura\u00e7ao (\"Little Cura\u00e7ao\"). It\nhas a population over 160,000 in an area of 444 km2 (171 sq mi), and its capital is Willemstad.Before\nthe dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles on 10 October 2010, Cura\u00e7ao was administered as the\n\"Island Territory of Cura\u00e7ao\" (Dutch: Eilandgebied Cura\u00e7ao, Papiamento: Teritorio Insular di K\u00f2rsou),\none of five island territories of the former Netherlands Antilles.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Curacao.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Curacao.pdf"}, {"Title": "Algeria Population", "doc_id": 78, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "9650829", "Y-max": "42080110", "Description": "Coordinates: 28\u00b0N 2\u00b0En / n28\u00b0N 2\u00b0En / 28; 2French (business and education)Algeria (/\u00e6lndnnnrin/;\nArabic: nnnnnnnn al-Jazn'ir; Berber languages: nnnnnn; Dzayer; French: Alg\u00e9rie), officially the\nPeople's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean\ncoast. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country. With an\narea of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world,\nand the largest in Africa since South Sudan became independent from Sudan in 2011. Algeria is\nbordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the west by Morocco, to the southwest by\nthe Western Saharan territory, Mauritania, and Mali, to the southeast by Niger, and to the north by the\nMediterranean Sea. The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541\ncommunes (counties). Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Algeria.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Algeria.pdf"}, {"Title": "Marshall Islands Population", "doc_id": 79, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "12741", "Y-max": "54986", "Description": "Coordinates: 9\u00b0N 168\u00b0En / n9\u00b0N 168\u00b0En / 9; 168The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the\nMarshall Islands (Marshallese: Aolepnn Aornkin Mnajen),[Note 1] is an island country located near\nthe equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically, the\ncountry is part of the larger island group of Micronesia. The country's population of 53,158 people (at\nthe 2011 Census) is spread out over 29 coral atolls, comprising 1,156 individual islands and islets.The\nislands share maritime boundaries with the Federated States of Micronesia to the west, Wake Island to\nthe north,[Note 2] Kiribati to the southeast, and Nauru to the south. About 27,797 of the islanders (at\nthe 2011 Census) live on Majuro, which contains the capital. Data from the United Nations indicates an\nestimated population in 2016 of 53,066. In 2016, 73.3% of the population were defined as being\n\"urban\". The UN also indicates a population density of 295 per km2 (765 people per mi2) and its\nprojected 2020 population is 53,263.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Marshall Islands.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Marshall Islands.pdf"}, {"Title": "Rwanda Population", "doc_id": 80, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2484224", "Y-max": "12366712", "Description": "R\u00e9publique du Rwanda  (French)\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) \u0152 in the African Union  (light\nblue)Rwanda (/runnnnndn/ or /runn\u00e6ndn/ ( listen); Kinyarwanda: U Rwanda [u.nnwanda] ( listen)),\nofficially the Republic of Rwanda (Kinyarwanda: Repubulika y'u Rwanda; French: R\u00e9publique du\nRwanda), is a sovereign state in Central and East Africa and one of the smallest countries on the\nAfrican mainland. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by Uganda,\nTanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Rwanda is in the African Great Lakes\nregion and is highly elevated; its geography is dominated by mountains in the west and savanna to the\neast, with numerous lakes throughout the country. The climate is temperate to subtropical, with two\nrainy seasons and two dry seasons each year.The population is young and predominantly rural, with a\ndensity among the highest in Africa. Rwandans are drawn from just one cultural and linguistic group,\nthe Banyarwanda, although within this group there are three subgroups: the Hutu, Tutsi and Twa. The\nTwa are a forest-dwelling pygmy people descended from Rwanda's earliest inhabitants. Scholars\ndisagree on the origins of and differences between the Hutu and Tutsi; some believe differences are\nderived from former social castes within a single people, while others believe the Hutu and Tutsi arrived\nin the country separately, and from different locations. Christianity is the largest religion in the country;\nthe principal language is Kinyarwanda, spoken by most Rwandans, with English and French serving as\nofficial languages. Rwanda has a presidential system of government. The president is Paul Kagame of\nthe Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), who took office in 2000. Rwanda today has low corruption\ncompared with neighbouring countries, although human rights organisations report suppression of\nopposition groups, intimidation and restrictions on freedom of speech. The country has been governed\nby a strict administrative hierarchy since precolonial times; there are five provinces delineated by\nborders drawn in 2006. Rwanda is one of only two countries with a female majority in the national\nparliament.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Rwanda.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Rwanda.pdf"}, {"Title": "Faroe Islands Population", "doc_id": 81, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "33938", "Y-max": "49839", "Description": "Coordinates: 62\u00b000\u00a2N 06\u00b047\u00a2Wn / n62.000\u00b0N 6.783\u00b0Wn / 62.000; -6.783The Faroe Islands\n(/nfnnron/; Faroese: F\u00f8royar pronounced [nf\u0153njan]; Danish: F\u00e6r\u00f8erne,\npronounced [nf\u00e6nn\u00f8nnnnn]), sometimes called the Faeroe Islands, is an archipelago between the\nNorwegian Sea and the North Atlantic, about halfway between Norway and Iceland, 320 kilometres\n(200 miles) north-northwest of Scotland. The islands are an autonomous country within the Kingdom of\nDenmark. Their area is about 1,400 square kilometres (541 square miles) with a population of 50,322\nin October 2017.The Faroes' terrain is rugged, and the islands have a subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc):\nwindy, wet, cloudy, and cool. Despite this island group's northerly latitude, temperatures average\nabove freezing throughout the year because of the Gulf Stream.Between 1035 and 1814, the Faroes\nwere part of the Hereditary Kingdom of Norway. In 1814, the Treaty of Kiel granted Denmark control\nover the islands, along with two other Norwegian island possessions: Greenland and Iceland. The\nFaroe Islands have been a self-governing country within the Kingdom of Denmark since 1948. The\nFaroese have control of most domestic matters. Areas that remain the responsibility of Denmark\ninclude military defence, the policing, the justice department, currency and foreign affairs. However, as\nthey are not part of the same customs area as Denmark, the Faroe Islands have an independent trade\npolicy and can establish trade agreements with other states. The islands also have representation in\nthe Nordic Council as members of the Danish delegation. The Faroe Islands also have their own\nnational teams competing in certain sports.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Faroe Islands.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Faroe Islands.pdf"}, {"Title": "French Polynesia Population", "doc_id": 82, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "67969", "Y-max": "290314", "Description": "French Polynesia (/nfrnntn pnlnnninnn/ ( listen); French: Polyn\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise [pnlinezi fnnnsnz];\nTahitian: Pnrnnetia Farnni) is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic; collectivit\u00e9 d'outre-mer\nde la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise  pronunciation (help\u00b7info) (COM), sometimes unofficially referred to as an\noverseas country; pays d'outre-mer (POM). It is composed of 118 geographically dispersed islands and\natolls stretching over an expanse of more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) in the South Pacific Ocean.\nIts total land area is 4,167 square kilometres (1,609 sq mi).French Polynesia is divided into five groups\nof islands: the Society Islands archipelago, composed of the Windward Islands and the Leeward\nIslands; the Tuamotu Archipelago; the Gambier Islands; the Marquesas Islands; and the Austral\nIslands. Among its 118 islands and atolls, 67 are inhabited. Tahiti, which is located within the Society\nIslands, is the most populous island and the seat of the capital of the collectivity, Papeete. It has close\nto 69% of the population of the islands in 2017. Although not an integral part of its territory, Clipperton\nIsland was administered from French Polynesia until 2007.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/French Polynesia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/French Polynesia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Kiribati Population", "doc_id": 83, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "37574", "Y-max": "118053", "Description": "Coordinates: 1\u00b025\u00a2N 173\u00b000\u00a2En / n1.417\u00b0N 173.000\u00b0En / 1.417; 173.000Kiribati (/nkirinbns/\nKIRR-i-BES or /nknrnnbnnti/ KIRR-i-BAHT-ee), officially the Republic of Kiribati (Gilbertese:\nRibaberiki Kiribati), is a sovereign state in the central Pacific Ocean. The permanent population is just\nover 110,000 (2015), more than half of whom live on Tarawa Atoll. The nation comprises 33 atolls and\nreef islands and one raised coral island, Banaba. They have a total land area of 800 square kilometres\n(310 sq mi) and are dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres (1.3 million square miles). Their\nspread straddles both the equator and the 180th meridian, although the International Date Line goes\nround Kiribati and swings far to the east, almost reaching the 150\u00b0W meridian. This brings the Line\nIslands into the same day as the Kiribati Islands. Kiribati's easternmost islands, the southern Line\nIslands, south of Hawaii, have the most advanced time on Earth: UTC+14 hours.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Kiribati.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Kiribati.pdf"}, {"Title": "Armenia Population", "doc_id": 84, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1790917", "Y-max": "3621367", "Description": "Coordinates: 40\u00b0N 45\u00b0En / n40\u00b0N 45\u00b0En / 40; 45Armenia (/nnrnminnin/ ( listen); Armenian:\nnnnnnnnn, translit. Hayastan, IPA: [hnjnsntnn]), officially the Republic of Armenia (Armenian:\nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnnnnnnn, translit. Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun, IPA: [hnjnstnnni\nhnnnnpntutnnjun]), is a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located in West Asia on\nthe Armenian Highlands, it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, the de facto\nindependent Republic of Artsakh and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and Azerbaijan's exclave of\nNakhchivan to the south.Armenia is a unitary, multi-party, democratic nation-state with an ancient\ncultural heritage. Urartu was established in 860 BC and by the 6th century BC it was replaced by the\nSatrapy of Armenia. The Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great in the 1st\ncentury BC and became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion in the late\n3rd or early 4th century AD. The official date of state adoption of Christianity is 301. The ancient\nArmenian kingdom was split between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires around the early 5th\ncentury. Under the Bagratuni dynasty, the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia was restored in the 9th\ncentury. Declining due to the wars against the Byzantines, the kingdom fell in 1045 and Armenia was\nsoon after invaded by the Seljuk Turks. An Armenian principality and later a kingdom Cilician Armenia\nwas located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea between the 11th and 14th centuries.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Armenia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Armenia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Honduras Population", "doc_id": 85, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1684925", "Y-max": "9466578", "Description": "Coordinates: 15\u00b000\u00a2N 86\u00b030\u00a2Wn / n15.000\u00b0N 86.500\u00b0Wn / 15.000; -86.500Honduras\n(/hnnndnnrns/ ( listen); Spanish: [onndunas]), officially the Republic of Honduras (Spanish:\nRep\u00fablica de Honduras), is a republic in Central America. It has at times been referred to as Spanish\nHonduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became modern-day Belize. Honduras is\nbordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to\nthe south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a\nlarge inlet of the Caribbean Sea.Honduras was home to several important Mesoamerican cultures,\nmost notably the Maya, before the Spanish invaded in the sixteenth century. The Spanish introduced\nRoman Catholicism and the now predominant Spanish language, along with numerous customs that\nhave blended with the indigenous culture. Honduras became independent in 1821 and has since been\na republic, although it has consistently endured much social strife and political instability, and remains\none of the poorest countries in the western hemisphere. In 1960, the northern part of what was the\nMosquito Coast was transferred from Nicaragua to Honduras by the International Court of Justice.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Honduras.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Honduras.pdf"}, {"Title": "Kenya Population", "doc_id": 86, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "6087633", "Y-max": "50479373", "Description": "Coordinates: 1\u00b0N 38\u00b0En / n1\u00b0N 38\u00b0En / 1; 38in the African Union  (light blue)Kenya (/nknnjn/;\nlocally [nknna] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member\nof the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi. Kenya's territory lies on the\nequator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends\nroughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana (formerly called Lake Rudolf) and further south-east to the\nIndian Ocean. It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest, Uganda to the west, South\nSudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya covers\n581,309 km2 (224,445 sq mi), and had a population of approximately 48 million people in January\n2017.Kenya has a warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline. The climate is cooler\nin the savannah grasslands around the capital city, Nairobi, and especially closer to Mount Kenya,\nwhich has snow permanently on its peaks. Further inland are highlands in Central and Rift Valley\nregions where tea and coffee are grown as cash crops which are major foreign revenue earners. In the\nWest are Nyanza and Western regions, there is an equatorial, hot and dry climate which becomes\nhumid around Lake Victoria, the largest tropical fresh-water lake in the world. This gives way to\ntemperate and forested hilly areas in the neighbouring western region. The north-eastern regions along\nthe border with Somalia and Ethiopia are arid and semi-arid areas with near-desert landscapes. Kenya\nis known for its world class athletes in track and field and rugby. Thanks to its diverse climate and\ngeography, expansive wildlife reserves and national parks such as the East and West Tsavo National\nPark, Amboseli National Park, Maasai Mara, Lake Nakuru National Park, Aberdares National Park and\nwhite sand beaches at the Coastal region, Kenya is home to the modern safari and has several world\nheritage sites such as Lamu and a number of beaches, including in Diani, Bamburi and Kilifi, where\ninternational yachting competitions are held every year.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Kenya.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Kenya.pdf"}, {"Title": "Afghanistan Population", "doc_id": 87, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "7713366", "Y-max": "35939016", "Description": "Coordinates: 33\u00b0N 65\u00b0En / n33\u00b0N 65\u00b0En / 33; 65Afghanistan (/\u00e6fnn\u00e6nnst\u00e6n,\n-nnnnnstnnn/ ( listen); Pashto/Dari: nnnnnnnnnn, Pashto: Afnnnistnn [avnnnisntnn, ab-],\nDari: Afnnnestnn [avnnnesntnn]), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked\ncountry located within South Asia and Central Asia. Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan in the south\nand east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and in the far\nnortheast, China and the Pakistani-administered Gilgit-Baltistan which is claimed by India. Its territory\ncovers 652,000 square kilometers (252,000 sq mi) and much of it is covered by the Hindu Kush\nmountain range, which experience very cold winters. The north consists of fertile plains, whilst the\nsouth-west consists of deserts where temperatures can get very hot in summers. Kabul serves as the\ncapital and its largest city.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Afghanistan.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Afghanistan.pdf"}, {"Title": "Samoa Population", "doc_id": 88, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "104322", "Y-max": "199448", "Description": "Coordinates: 13\u00b035\u00a2S 172\u00b020\u00a2Wn / n13.583\u00b0S 172.333\u00b0Wn / -13.583; -172.333The Independent State\nof Samoa (Samoan: Malo Sanoloto Tutonatasi o Snmoa), commonly known as Samoa (/snnmonn/;\nSamoan: Snmoa, IPA: [nsanmoa]) and, until 1997, known as Western Samoa, is a unitary\nparliamentary democracy with eleven administrative divisions. The two main islands are Savai'i and\nUpolu with four smaller islands surrounding the landmasses. The capital city is Apia. The Lapita people\ndiscovered and settled the Samoan Islands around 3,500 years ago. They developed a unique\nSamoan language and Samoan cultural identity.Samoa is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.\nWestern Samoa was admitted to the United Nations on 15 December 1976. The entire island group,\nwhich includes American Samoa, was called \"Navigator Islands\" by European explorers before the\n20th century because of the Samoans' seafaring skills.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Samoa.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Samoa.pdf"}, {"Title": "World Population", "doc_id": 89, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2813796182", "Y-max": "7662532692", "Description": "The world is the planet Earth and all life upon it, including human civilization. In a philosophical context,\nthe \"world\" is the whole of the physical Universe, or an ontological world (the \"world\" of an individual).\nIn a theological context, the world is the material or the profane sphere, as opposed to the celestial,\nspiritual, transcendent or sacred. The \"end of the world\" refers to scenarios of the final end of human\nhistory, often in religious contexts.History of the world is commonly understood as spanning the major\ngeopolitical developments of about five millennia, from the first civilizations to the present. In terms\nsuch as world religion, world language, world government, and world war, world suggests international\nor intercontinental scope without necessarily implying participation of the entire world.World population\nis the sum of all human populations at any time; similarly, world economy is the sum of the economies\nof all societies or countries, especially in the context of globalization. Terms like world championship,\ngross world product, world flags imply the sum or combination of all current-day sovereign states.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/World.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/World.pdf"}, {"Title": "Ghana Population", "doc_id": 90, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "5574564", "Y-max": "29284450", "Description": "Coordinates: 7\u00b049\u00a2N 1\u00b003\u00a2Wn / n7.817\u00b0N 1.050\u00b0Wn / 7.817; -1.050Ghana (/nnnnnn/ ( listen)),\nofficially the Republic of Ghana, is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the\nGulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa. Spanning a land mass of\n238,535 km\u00b2, Ghana is bordered by the Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, Togo in the\neast and the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean in the south. Ghana means \"Warrior King\" in the\nSoninke language.The first permanent state in the territory of present-day Ghana dates back to the\n11th century. Numerous kingdoms and empires emerged over the centuries, of which the most\npowerful was the Kingdom of Ashanti. Beginning in the 15th century, numerous European powers\ncontested the area for trading rights, with the British ultimately establishing control of the coast by the\nlate 19th century. Following over a century of native resistance, Ghana's current borders were\nestablished by the 1900s as the British Gold Coast. It became independent of the United Kingdom on 6\nMarch 1957.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Ghana.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Ghana.pdf"}, {"Title": "Guatemala Population", "doc_id": 91, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "3592160", "Y-max": "17201055", "Description": "Coordinates: 15\u00b030\u00a2N 90\u00b015\u00a2Wn / n15.500\u00b0N 90.250\u00b0Wn / 15.500; -90.250in Central\nAmerica  (grey)Guatemala (/nnwnntnnmnnln/ ( listen) GWAHT-n-MAH-ln;\nSpanish: [gwatenmala]), officially the Republic of Guatemala (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Guatemala), is a\ncountry in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the\nsouthwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, Honduras to the east and El Salvador to\nthe southeast. With an estimated population of around 16.6 million, it is the most populated state in\nCentral America. Guatemala is a representative democracy; its capital and largest city is Nueva\nGuatemala de la Asunci\u00f3n, also known as Guatemala City.The territory of modern Guatemala once\nformed the core of the Maya civilization, which extended across Mesoamerica. Most of the country was\nconquered by the Spanish in the 16th century, becoming part of the viceroyalty of New Spain.\nGuatemala attained independence in 1821 as part of the Federal Republic of Central America, which\ndissolved in 1841.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Guatemala.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Guatemala.pdf"}, {"Title": "Gambia The Population", "doc_id": 92, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "284399", "Y-max": "2122029", "Description": "The Gambia (/nn\u00e6mbin/ ( listen)), officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa\nthat is entirely surrounded by Senegal except for its coastline on the Atlantic Ocean at its western end.\nIt is the smallest country on mainland Africa.The Gambia is situated on either side of the Gambia River,\nthe nation's namesake, which flows through the centre of The Gambia and empties into the Atlantic\nOcean. Its area is 10,689 square kilometres (4,127 sq mi) with a population of 1,857,181 as of the April\n2013 census. Banjul is the Gambian capital and the largest cities are Serekunda and Brikama.The\nGambia shares historical roots with many other West African nations in the slave trade, which was the\nkey factor in the placing and keeping of a colony on the Gambia River, first by the Portuguese, during\nwhich era it was known as A G\u00e2mbia. Later, on 25 May 1765, The Gambia was made a part of the\nBritish Empire when the government formally assumed control, establishing the Province of\nSenegambia. In 1965, The Gambia gained independence under the leadership of Dawda Jawara, who\nruled until Yahya Jammeh seized power in a bloodless 1994 coup.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Gambia, The.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Gambia, The.pdf"}, {"Title": "Macedonia FYR Population", "doc_id": 93, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1459040", "Y-max": "2110832", "Description": "in Europe  (dark grey)  \u0152  [Legend]Macedonia (/nm\u00e6snndonnin/ ( listen); Macedonian:\nnnnnnnnnnn, translit. Makedonija, IPA: [maknndnnija]), officially the Republic of Macedonia\n(Macedonian: nnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn, translit. Republika Makedonija IPA: [rnnpublika\nnmaknndnnija] ( listen)), is a country in the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the\nsuccessor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991. It became a\nmember of the United Nations in 1993, but, as a result of an ongoing dispute with Greece over the use\nof the name \"Macedonia\", was admitted under the provisional description the former Yugoslav\nRepublic of Macedonia (sometimes abbreviated as FYROM and FYR Macedonia), a term that is also\nused by international organizations such as the European Union, the Council of Europe, and NATO.A\nlandlocked country, the Republic of Macedonia has borders with Kosovo[a] to the northwest, Serbia to\nthe north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south, and Albania to the west. It constitutes\napproximately the northwestern third of the larger geographical region of Macedonia, which also\ncomprises the neighbouring parts of northern Greece and smaller portions of southwestern Bulgaria\nand southeastern Albania. The country's geography is defined primarily by mountains, valleys, and\nrivers. The capital and largest city, Skopje, is home to roughly a quarter of the nation's 2.06 million\ninhabitants. The majority of the residents are ethnic Macedonians, a South Slavic people. Albanians\nform a significant minority at around 25 percent, followed by Turks, Romani, Serbs, and others.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Macedonia, FYR.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Macedonia, FYR.pdf"}, {"Title": "Bolivia Population", "doc_id": 94, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "3333727", "Y-max": "11247603", "Description": "Coordinates: 16\u00b042\u00a243\u00b2S 64\u00b039\u00a258\u00b2Wn / n16.712\u00b0S 64.666\u00b0Wn / -16.712; -64.666in South\nAmerica  (grey)Bolivia (/bnnlnvin/ ( listen); Spanish: [bonlibja]; Guarani: Mborivia [nbonninja];\nQuechua: Buliwya [bnlnwja]; Aymara: Wuliwya [wnlnwja]), officially known as the Plurinational State\nof Bolivia (Spanish: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is a landlocked country located in western-central\nSouth America. The capital is Sucre while the seat of government is located in La Paz. The largest city\nand principal economic and financial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Llanos\nOrientales (Tropical lowlands) a mostly flat region in the East of Bolivia.It is constitutionally a unitary\nstate, divided into nine departments. Its geography varies from the peaks of the Andes in the West, to\nthe Eastern Lowlands, situated within the Amazon Basin. It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil,\nto the southeast by Paraguay, to the south by Argentina, to the southwest by Chile, and to the\nnorthwest by Peru. One-third of the country is within the Andean mountain range. With 1,098,581 km2\n(424,164 sq mi) of area, Bolivia is the 5th largest country in South America and the 27th largest in the\nworld.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Bolivia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Bolivia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Poland Population", "doc_id": 95, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "29186148", "Y-max": "39114782", "Description": "Coordinates: 52\u00b0N 20\u00b0En / n52\u00b0N 20\u00b0En / 52; 20\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European\nUnion  (green)  \u0152  [Legend]Poland (Polish: Polska [npnlska] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Poland\n(Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska[a] [nntnnpnnspnlita npnlska] ( listen)), is a unitary sovereign state in\nCentral Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,679 square\nkilometres (120,726 sq mi) with a mostly temperate climate. With a population of over 38.5 million\npeople, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and\nlargest city is Warsaw. major cities include Krak\u00f3w, n\u00f3dn, Wrocnaw, Poznan, Gdansk and\nSzczecin.The establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a\nterritory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of\nPoland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with the\nGrand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish\u0152Lithuanian\nCommonwealth, one of the largest (about 1 million km2) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th\ncentury Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national\nconstitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Poland.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Poland.pdf"}, {"Title": "Kazakhstan Population", "doc_id": 96, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "9310121", "Y-max": "18201170", "Description": "Kazakhstan[b] (Kazakh: nnnnnnnnn, translit. Qazaqstan, IPA: [qnznqnstnn] ( listen); Russian:\nnnnnnnnnn, IPA: [knznxnstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: nnnnnnnnn\nnnnnnnnnnnnn, translit. Qazaqstan Resp\u00fdblnkasy; Russian: nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnn,\ntr. Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world,\nwith an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of\nCentral Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It\nalso has vast mineral resources. Some argue that Kazakhstan may be considered a European country\nbecause Kazakhstan's Western region is on the European continent and meets the Council of Europe's\ncriteria for European inclusion.Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional\nrepublic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan,\nUzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of\nKazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and\ndeserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18 million people as of 2014[update]. Given its large land area,\nits population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per\nsq. mi.). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Kazakhstan.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Kazakhstan.pdf"}, {"Title": "Argentina Population", "doc_id": 97, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "19457657", "Y-max": "45008847", "Description": "Coordinates: 34\u00b0S 64\u00b0Wn / n34\u00b0S 64\u00b0Wn / -34; -64in South America  (grey)Guarani in\nCorrientes;Argentina (/nnnrdnnnntinnn/ ( listen); Spanish: [anxenntina]), officially the Argentine\nRepublic[A] (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica Argentina), is a federal republic located mostly in the southern half of\nSouth America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west, the country\nis also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South\nAtlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of\n2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi),[B] Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second\nlargest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking nation. It is subdivided into twenty-three\nprovinces (Spanish: provincias, singular provincia) and one autonomous city (ciudad aut\u00f3noma),\nBuenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the nation (Spanish: Capital Federal) as decided by\nCongress. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system.\nArgentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas),\nand South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Argentina.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Argentina.pdf"}, {"Title": "China Population", "doc_id": 98, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "624413250", "Y-max": "1414581750", "Description": "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the\nworld's most populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion. Covering approximately\n9,600,000 square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the third- or fourth-largest country by total area,[j]\ndepending on the source consulted. China also has the most neighbor countries in the world.\nGoverned by the Communist Party of China, it exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five\nautonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing),\nand the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.China emerged as one of the world's\nearliest civilizations, in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. For millennia,\nChina's political system was based on hereditary monarchies, or dynasties, beginning with the\nsemi-legendary Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE. Since then, China has expanded, fractured, and\nre-unified numerous times. In the 3rd century BCE, the Qin unified core China and established the first\nChinese dynasty. The succeeding Han dynasty saw some of the most advanced technology at that\ntime, including papermaking and the compass, along with agricultural and medical improvements. The\ninvention of gunpowder and printing in the Tang dynasty completed the Four Great Inventions. Tang\nculture spread widely in Asia, as the new maritime Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia\nand Somalia. Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution, as a republic replaced the Qing\ndynasty. The Chinese Civil War led to the break up of the country in 1949, with the victorious\nCommunist Party of China founding the People\u2122s Republic of China on the mainland while the losing\nKuomintang retreated to Taiwan, a dispute which is still unresolved.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/China.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/China.pdf"}, {"Title": "Hungary Population", "doc_id": 99, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "9773263", "Y-max": "10756542", "Description": "Coordinates: 47\u00b0N 20\u00b0En / n47\u00b0N 20\u00b0En / 47; 20\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European\nUnion  (green)  \u0152  [Legend]Hungary (/nhnnnnri/ ( listen); Hungarian: Magyarorsz\u00e1g\n[nmnnnrorsann] ( listen)) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of 93,030 square\nkilometres (35,920 sq mi) in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the\nnortheast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest,\nand Slovenia to the west. With about 10 million inhabitants, Hungary is a medium-sized member state\nof the European Union. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken Uralic\nlanguage in the world. Hungary's capital and its largest city and metropolis is Budapest, a significant\neconomic hub, classified as a leading global city. Major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged,\nMiskolc, P\u00e9cs and Gynr.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Hungary.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Hungary.pdf"}, {"Title": "Iceland Population", "doc_id": 100, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "167640", "Y-max": "342185", "Description": "Iceland (/nanslnnd/ ( listen); Icelandic: \u00cdsland, pronounced [nistlant]) is a Nordic island country of\nEurope located in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of 348,580 and an area of 103,000 km2\n(40,000 sq mi), making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is\nReykjav\u00edk. Reykjav\u00edk and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over\ntwo-thirds of the population.Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior consists of a\nplateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow\nto the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate,\ndespite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep\nsummers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.According to the ancient\nmanuscript Landn\u00e1mab\u00f3k, the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain\nIng\u00f3lfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island. In the following centuries,\nNorwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them\nthralls (i.e., slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin. The island was governed as an independent\ncommonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies.\nFollowing a period of civil strife, Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century. The\nestablishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden.\nIceland thus followed Norway's integration to that union and came under Danish rule, after Sweden's\nsecession from that union in 1523. Although the Danish kingdom introduced Lutheranism forcefully in\n1550, Iceland remained a distant semi-colonial territory in which Danish institutions and infrastructures\nwere conspicuous by their absence. In the wake of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars,\nIceland's struggle for independence took form and culminated in independence in 1918 and the\nfounding of a republic in 1944. Until the 20th century, Iceland relied largely on subsistence fishing and\nagriculture, and was among the poorest countries in Europe. Industrialisation of the fisheries and\nMarshall Plan aid following World War II brought prosperity, and Iceland became one of the wealthiest\nand most developed nations in the world. In 1994, it became a part of the European Economic Area,\nwhich further diversified the economy into sectors such as finance, biotechnology, and manufacturing.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Iceland.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Iceland.pdf"}, {"Title": "Saudi Arabia Population", "doc_id": 101, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2677081", "Y-max": "33685144", "Description": "Saudi Arabia[c] (/nsnndi nnrenbin/ ( listen), /nsan-/ ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\n(KSA),[d] is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With\na land area of approximately 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), Saudi Arabia is geographically the\nfifth-largest state in Asia and second-largest state in the Arab world after Algeria. Saudi Arabia is\nbordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab\nEmirates to the east, Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south. It is separated from Israel and\nEgypt by the Gulf of Aqaba. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast\nand most of its terrain consists of arid desert and mountains.The area of modern-day Saudi Arabia\nformerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) and\nSouthern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the\nfour regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of\nRiyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute\nmonarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative\nWahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called \"the predominant feature of Saudi\nculture\", with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes\ncalled \"the Land of the Two Holy Mosques\" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and\nAl-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. The state has a total population of\n28.7 million, of which 20 million are Saudi nationals and 8 million are foreigners. The state's official\nlanguage is Arabic.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Saudi Arabia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Saudi Arabia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Liberia Population", "doc_id": 102, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "945637", "Y-max": "4788498", "Description": "Coordinates: 6\u00b030\u00a2N 9\u00b030\u00a2Wn / n6.500\u00b0N 9.500\u00b0Wn / 6.500; -9.500\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey)\n\u0152 in the African Union  (light blue)Liberia (/lannbnnrin/ ( listen)), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a\ncountry on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to its west, Guinea to its north and\nIvory Coast to its east, the Atlantic Ocean to its south. It covers an area of 111,369 square kilometers\n(43,000 sq mi) and has a population of 4,503,000 people. English is the official language and over 20\nindigenous languages are spoken, representing the numerous ethnic groups who make up more than\n95% of the population. The country's capital and largest city is Monrovia.Forests on the coastline are\ncomposed mostly of salt-tolerant mangrove trees, while the more sparsely populated inland has forests\nopening onto a plateau of drier grasslands. The climate is equatorial, with significant rainfall during the\nMay\u0152October rainy season and harsh harmattan winds the remainder of the year. Liberia possesses\nabout forty percent of the remaining Upper Guinean rainforest. It was an important producer of rubber\nin the early 20th century.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Liberia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Liberia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Colombia Population", "doc_id": 103, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "14871731", "Y-max": "50262070", "Description": "Coordinates: 4\u00b0N 72\u00b0Wn / n4\u00b0N 72\u00b0Wn / 4; -72in South America  (grey)Colombia (/knnlnmbin,\n-nlnm-/ kn-LUM-bee-n, -LOM-; Spanish: [konlombja] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Colombia\n(Spanish:  Rep\u00fablica de Colombia (help\u00b7info)),[Note 1] is a sovereign state largely situated in the\nnorthwest of South America, with territories in Central America. Colombia shares a border to the\nnorthwest with Panama, to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru.\nIt shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, Haiti and the Dominican\nRepublic. It is a unitary, constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The territory of what\nis now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples, including the Muisca, Quimbaya and\nthe Tairona.The Spanish set foot on Colombian soil for the first time in 1499 and in the first half of the\n16th century initiated a period of conquest and colonization, ultimately creating the New Kingdom of\nGranada, with as capital Santaf\u00e9 de Bogot\u00e1. Independence from Spain was acquired in 1819, but by\n1830 the \"Gran Colombia\" Federation was dissolved. What is now Colombia and Panama emerged as\nthe Republic of New Granada. The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine\nConfederation (1858), and then the United States of Colombia (1863), before the Republic of Colombia\nwas finally declared in 1886. Panama seceded in 1903. Since the 1960s, the country has suffered from\nan asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict, which escalated in the 1990s but then decreased from\n2005 onward. Colombia is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse countries in the world,\nand thereby possesses a rich cultural heritage. The urban centres are mostly located in the highlands\nof the Andes mountains.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Colombia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Colombia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Sao Tome and Principe Population", "doc_id": 104, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "57390", "Y-max": "206696", "Description": "Coordinates: 1\u00b0N 7\u00b0En / n1\u00b0N 7\u00b0En / 1; 7\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) \u0152 in the African\nUnion  (light blue)S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe (/nsan tnnmen ... nprnnsnpn, -pen/; Portuguese: [snnw\ntunmn i npnnsnpn]), officially the Democratic Republic of S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe, is an island nation\nin the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two archipelagos\naround the two main islands: S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe, located about 140 kilometres (87 miles) apart\nand about 250 and 225 kilometres (155 and 140 miles), respectively, off the northwestern coast of\nGabon.The islands were uninhabited until their discovery by Portuguese explorers in the 15th century.\nGradually colonized and settled by the Portuguese throughout the 16th century, they collectively served\nas a vital commercial and trade center for the Atlantic slave trade. The rich volcanic soil and close\nproximity to the Equator made S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe ideal for sugar cultivation, followed later by cash\ncrops such as coffee and cocoa; the lucrative plantation economy was heavily dependent upon\nimported African slaves. Cycles of social unrest and economic instability throughout the 19th and 20th\ncenturies culminated in peaceful independence in 1975. S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe has since remained\none of Africa's most stable and democratic countries.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Sao Tome and Principe.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Sao Tome and Principe.pdf"}, {"Title": "Namibia Population", "doc_id": 105, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "508685", "Y-max": "2573571", "Description": "Coordinates: 22\u00b0S 17\u00b0En / n22\u00b0S 17\u00b0En / -22; 17\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) \u0152 in the African\nUnion  (light blue)Namibia (/nnnmnbin/ ( listen), /n\u00e6n-/), officially the Republic of Namibia (German:\n Republik Namibia (help\u00b7info); Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibi\u00eb) is a country in southern Africa whose\nwestern border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north,\nBotswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe,\nless than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a\nBotswana/Zambia micro-border) separates the two countries. Namibia gained independence from\nSouth Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest\ncity is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African\nDevelopment Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Namibia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Namibia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Venezuela RB Population", "doc_id": 106, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "6975780", "Y-max": "32739245", "Description": "Coordinates: 7\u00b0N 65\u00b0Wn / n7\u00b0N 65\u00b0Wn / 7; -65in South America  (grey)Venezuela\n(/nvnnnnzwenln/ ( listen) VEN-n-ZWAYL-n; American Spanish: [benenswela]), officially the\nBolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a federal republic\non the northern coast of South America, bordered by Colombia on the west, Brazil on the south,\nGuyana on the east, the Dutch Lesser Antilles to the north and Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east.\nVenezuela covers 916,445 km2 (353,841 sq mi) and has over 31 million (31,568,179) people. The\ncountry has extremely high biodiversity and is ranked 7th in the world's list of nations with the most\nnumber of species. There are habitats ranging from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon\nBasin rain-forest in the south via extensive llanos plains, the Caribbean coast and the Orinoco River\nDelta in the east.The territory now known as Venezuela was colonized by Spain in 1522 amid\nresistance from indigenous peoples. In 1811, it became one of the first Spanish-American territories to\ndeclare independence which was not securely established until 1821, when Venezuela was a\ndepartment of the federal republic of Gran Colombia. It gained full independence as a separate country\nin 1830. During the 19th century, Venezuela suffered political turmoil and autocracy, remaining\ndominated by regional caudillos (military strongmen) until the mid-20th century. Since 1958, the\ncountry has had a series of democratic governments. Economic shocks in the 1980s and 1990s led to\nseveral political crises, including the deadly Caracazo riots of 1989, two attempted coups in 1992, and\nthe impeachment of President Carlos Andr\u00e9s P\u00e9rez for embezzlement of public funds in 1993. A\ncollapse in confidence in the existing parties saw the 1998 election of former coup-involved career\nofficer Hugo Ch\u00e1vez and the launch of the Bolivarian Revolution. The revolution began with a 1999\nConstituent Assembly, where a new Constitution of Venezuela was written. This new constitution\nofficially changed the name of the country to Rep\u00fablica Bolivariana de Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic\nof Venezuela).\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Venezuela, RB.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Venezuela, RB.pdf"}, {"Title": "Tanzania Population", "doc_id": 107, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "7799622", "Y-max": "57847085", "Description": "Coordinates: 6\u00b018\u00a225\u00b2S 34\u00b051\u00a214\u00b2En / n6.307\u00b0S 34.854\u00b0En / -6.307; 34.854Dodoma (de\njure)Tanzania (/nt\u00e6nznnninn/), officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Swahili: Jamhuri ya\nMuungano wa Tanzania), is a sovereign state in eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It\nborders Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo\nto the west; Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south; and the Indian Ocean to the east. Mount\nKilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in north-eastern Tanzania.The United Nations estimated\nTanzania's 2016 population at 55.57 million. The population is composed of several ethnic, linguistic,\nand religious groups.Tanzania is a presidential constitutional republic and since 1996 its official capital\ncity has been Dodoma where the president's office, the National Assembly, and some government\nministries are located. Dar es Salaam, the former capital, retains most government offices and is the\ncountry's largest city, principal port, and leading commercial centre. Tanzania is a one party dominant\nstate with the socialist-progressive Chama Cha Mapinduzi party in power.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Tanzania.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Tanzania.pdf"}, {"Title": "Jamaica Population", "doc_id": 108, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1565596", "Y-max": "2944010", "Description": "Jamaica (/dnnnmenkn/ ( listen)) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning 10,990\nsquare kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the\nfourth-largest island country in the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of\nCuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola (the island containing the countries of Haiti and\nthe Dominican Republic).Previously inhabited by the indigenous Arawak and Ta\u00edno peoples, the island\ncame under Spanish rule following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1494. Many of the\nindigenous people died of disease, and the Spanish transplanted African slaves to Jamaica as\nlabourers. Named Santiago, the island remained a possession of Spain until 1655, when England (later\nGreat Britain) conquered it and renamed it Jamaica. Under British colonial rule Jamaica became a\nleading sugar exporter, with its plantation economy highly dependent on slaves forcibly transported\nfrom Africa. The British fully emancipated all slaves in 1838, and many freedmen chose to have\nsubsistence farms rather than to work on plantations. Beginning in the 1840s, the British utilized\nChinese and Indian indentured labour to work on plantations. The island achieved independence from\nthe United Kingdom on 6 August 1962.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Jamaica.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Jamaica.pdf"}, {"Title": "Small states Population", "doc_id": 109, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "12992554", "Y-max": "40886041", "Description": "The Small States Network for Economic Development (SSNED) provides a mechanism for institutional\nbuilding in small states. The establishment of the Small States Network for Economic Development\nwas first proposed by Malta at the 2005 Small States Forum held in Washington, and the mandate to\nestablish it was given by the 2006 Small States Forum held in Singapore. All small states members of\nthe Small States Forum are eligible for membership, free of charge.According to the Network\u2122s statute\nits mission is to facilitate the exchange of \ufb01best practices\ufb02 among small states, to promote the\nincreased integration of the concerns and interests of small states into the policies and programmes of\nthe international community, and to undertake or support such related actions as will further these\ngoals and the sustainable development of SSNED Members.The Network is governed by a Board of\nTrustees in line with its statute. Mr Grantley Smith, who represents Barbados, currently chairs the\nBoard, while the secretary of the Board is Mr Kyle Peters, who also provides liaison with the World\nBank.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Small states.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Small states.pdf"}, {"Title": "Zambia Population", "doc_id": 110, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2367518", "Y-max": "17268717", "Description": "Coordinates: 15\u00b0S 30\u00b0En / n15\u00b0S 30\u00b0En / -15; 30Zambia (/nz\u00e6mbin/), officially the Republic of\nZambia, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the\nCongo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana\nand Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west. The capital city is Lusaka, in the south-central part\nof Zambia. The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt\nProvince to the northwest, the core economic hubs of the country.Originally inhabited by Khoisan\npeoples, the region was affected by the Bantu expansion of the thirteenth century. After visits by\nEuropean explorers in the eighteenth century, the region became the British protectorates of\nBarotziland-North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia towards the end of the nineteenth\ncentury. These were merged in 1911 to form Northern Rhodesia. For most of the colonial period,\nZambia was governed by an administration appointed from London with the advice of the British South\nAfrica Company.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Zambia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Zambia.pdf"}, {"Title": "South Asia IDA  IBRD Population", "doc_id": 111, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "512130871", "Y-max": "1826109763", "Description": "South Asia or Southern Asia (also known as Indian subcontinent) is a term used to represent the\nsouthern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for\nsome authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east. Topographically, it is dominated by the\nIndian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the\nHimalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land\n(clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.The current\nterritories of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka form\nSouth Asia. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic\ncooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations\ncomprising South Asia.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/South Asia (IDA & IBRD).png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/South Asia (IDA & IBRD).pdf"}, {"Title": "Slovak Republic Population", "doc_id": 112, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "4000064", "Y-max": "5496734", "Description": "Coordinates: 48\u00b040\u00a2N 19\u00b030\u00a2En / n48.667\u00b0N 19.500\u00b0En / 48.667; 19.500\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark\ngrey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)  \u0152  [Legend]Slovakia (/slonnv\u00e6kin, sln-, -nvnn-/ ( listen);\nSlovak: Slovensko [nslonensko] ( listen)), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Slovensk\u00e1 republika,\n listen (help\u00b7info)), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Poland to the north,\nUkraine to the east, the Czech Republic to the west, Hungary to the south, and Austria to the\nsouthwest. Slovakia's territory spans about 49,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) and is mostly\nmountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly of Slovaks. The capital and largest\ncity is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak.The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day\nSlovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries. In the 7th century, they played a significant role in the creation of\nSamo's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra. In the 10th century, the\nterritory was integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary. After World War I and the dissolution of the\nAustro-Hungarian Empire, the Slovaks and Czechs established Czechoslovakia (1918\u01521939). A\nseparate (First) Slovak Republic (1939\u01521945) existed in World War II as a client state of Nazi Germany.\nIn 1945, Czechoslovakia was re-established and under Communist rule became a Soviet satellite. In\n1989, the Velvet Revolution ended Communist rule in Czechoslovakia. Slovakia became an\nindependent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia, sometimes\nknown as the Velvet Divorce.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Slovak Republic.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Slovak Republic.pdf"}, {"Title": "Lesotho Population", "doc_id": 113, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "783979", "Y-max": "2271432", "Description": "Coordinates: 29\u00b036\u00a2S 28\u00b018\u00a2En / n29.6\u00b0S 28.3\u00b0En / -29.6; 28.3\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) \u0152 in\nthe African Union  (light blue)Lesotho (/lnnsuntun/ ( listen), ln-SOO-too), officially the Kingdom of\nLesotho (Sotho: Muso oa Lesotho), is an enclaved country in southern Africa, completely surrounded\nby South Africa. It is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) in size and has a population of around 2\nmillion. Its capital and largest city is Maseru.Previously known as Basutoland, Lesotho declared\nindependence from the United Kingdom on 4 October 1966. It is a member of the United Nations, the\nCommonwealth of Nations and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The name\nLesotho translates roughly into \"the land of the people who speak Sesotho\". About 40 percent of the\npopulation lives below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day.The original inhabitants of the\narea now known as Lesotho were the San people. Examples of their rock art can be found in the\nmountains throughout the area.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Lesotho.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Lesotho.pdf"}, {"Title": "Cambodia Population", "doc_id": 114, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "5220370", "Y-max": "16264370", "Description": "in ASEAN  (dark grey)  \u0152  [Legend]KRAT/Cambodia (/k\u00e6mnbondin/ ( listen); Khmer: nnnnnnn, or\nKampuchea IPA: [knmpuncin], French: Cambodge), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia\n(Khmer: nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn, Prenh R\u00e9ach\u00e9anach\u00e2k K\u00e2mpnch\u00e9a, IPA: [nprnnh\nrincinnanncnk knmpuncin], French: Royaume du Cambodge), is a sovereign state located in the\nsouthern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is 181,035 square kilometres (69,898\nsquare miles) in area, bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the\neast, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.Cambodia has a population of over 15 million. The\nofficial religion is Theravada Buddhism, practiced by approximately 95 percent of the population. The\ncountry's minority groups include Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams, and 30 hill tribes. The capital and\nlargest city is Phnom Penh, the political, economic, and cultural centre of Cambodia. The kingdom is\nan elective constitutional monarchy with Norodom Sihamoni, a monarch chosen by the Royal Throne\nCouncil, as head of state. The head of government is Hun Sen, who is currently Prime minister and the\nlongest serving non-royal leader in South East Asia and has ruled Cambodia for over 30 years.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Cambodia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Cambodia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Angola Population", "doc_id": 115, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "4484667", "Y-max": "29971977", "Description": "Coordinates: 12\u00b030\u00a2S 18\u00b030\u00a2En / n12.500\u00b0S 18.500\u00b0En / -12.500; 18.500in the African Union  (light\nblue)Angola (/\u00e6nnnonln/), officially the Republic of Angola (Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica de Angola\npronounced [nnnnnln]; Kikongo, Kimbundu and Umbundu: Repubilika ya Ngola), is a country in\nSouthern Africa. It is the seventh-largest country in Africa, bordered by Namibia to the south, the\nDemocratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Zambia to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.\nThe exclave province of Cabinda borders the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of\nthe Congo. The capital and largest city of Angola is Luanda.Although inhabited since the Paleolithic\nEra, what is now Angola was molded by Portuguese colonisation. It began with, and was for centuries\nlimited to, coastal settlements and trading posts established starting in the 16th century. In the 19th\ncentury, European settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in the interior. The\nPortuguese colony that became Angola did not have its present borders until the early 20th century\nbecause of resistance by groups such as the Cuamato, the Kwanyama and the Mbunda.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Angola.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Angola.pdf"}, {"Title": "Djibouti Population", "doc_id": 116, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "40701", "Y-max": "985267", "Description": "Coordinates: 11\u00b030\u00a2N 43\u00b000\u00a2En / n11.500\u00b0N 43.000\u00b0En / 11.500; 43.000Djibouti (/dnnnbunti/\nji-BOO-tee; Arabic: nnnnnnn Jnbntn, French: Djibouti, Somali: Jabuuti, Afar: Gabuuti), officially the\nRepublic of Djibouti, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north,\nEthiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by\nthe Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east. Djibouti occupies a total area of just 23,200 km2\n(8,958 sq mi).In antiquity, the territory was part of the Land of Punt and then the Kingdom of Aksum.\nNearby Zeila (now in Somalia) was the seat of the medieval Adal and Ifat Sultanates. In the late 19th\ncentury, the colony of French Somaliland was established following treaties signed by the ruling Somali\nand Afar sultans with the French and its railroad to Dire Dawa (and later Addis Ababa) allowed it to\nquickly supersede Zeila as the port for southern Ethiopia and the Ogaden. It was subsequently\nrenamed to the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas in 1967. A decade later, the Djiboutian\npeople voted for independence. This officially marked the establishment of the Republic of Djibouti,\nnamed after its capital city. Djibouti joined the United Nations the same year, on 20 September 1977.\nIn the early 1990s, tensions over government representation led to armed conflict, which ended in a\npower-sharing agreement in 2000 between the ruling party and the opposition.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Djibouti.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Djibouti.pdf"}, {"Title": "Dominican Republic Population", "doc_id": 117, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2926304", "Y-max": "11016528", "Description": "Coordinates: 19\u00b000\u00a2N 70\u00b040\u00a2Wn / n19.000\u00b0N 70.667\u00b0Wn / 19.000; -70.667The Dominican Republic\n(Spanish: Rep\u00fablica Dominicana [renpublinka \u00f0onmininkana]) is a sovereign state located in the\nisland of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the\neastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares with the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two\nCaribbean islands, along with Saint Martin, that are shared by two countries. The Dominican Republic\nis the second-largest Caribbean nation by area (after Cuba) at 48,445 square kilometers\n(18,705 sq mi), and third by population with approximately 10 million people, of which approximately\nthree million live in the metropolitan area of Santo Domingo, the capital city.Christopher Columbus\nlanded on the island on December 5, 1492, which the native Ta\u00edno people had inhabited since the 7th\ncentury. The colony of Santo Domingo became the site of the first permanent European settlement in\nthe Americas, the oldest continuously inhabited city, and the first seat of the Spanish colonial rule in\nthe New World. After more than three hundred years of Spanish rule the Dominican people declared\nindependence in November 1821. The leader of the independence movement Jos\u00e9 N\u00fa\u00f1ez de C\u00e1ceres,\nintended the Dominican nation to unite with the country of Gran Colombia, but no longer under Spain's\ncustody the newly independent Dominicans were forcefully annexed by Haiti in February 1822.\nIndependence came 22 years later after victory in the Dominican War of Independence in 1844. Over\nthe next 72 years the Dominican Republic experienced mostly internal conflicts and a brief return to\ncolonial status before permanently ousting Spanish rule during the Dominican War of Restoration of\n1865. A United States occupation lasted eight years between 1916 and 1924, and a subsequent calm\nand prosperous six-year period under Horacio V\u00e1squez Lajara was followed by the dictatorship of\nRafael Le\u00f3nidas Trujillo until 1961. A civil war in 1965, the country's last, was ended by U.S. military\noccupation and was followed by the authoritarian rule of Joaqu\u00edn Balaguer, 1966\u01521978. Since then, the\nDominican Republic has moved toward representative democracy and has been led by Leonel\nFern\u00e1ndez for most of the time since 1996. Danilo Medina, the Dominican Republic's current president,\nsucceeded Fernandez in 2012, winning 51% of the electoral vote over his opponent ex-president\nHip\u00f3lito Mej\u00eda.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Dominican Republic.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Dominican Republic.pdf"}, {"Title": "Vanuatu Population", "doc_id": 118, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "53363", "Y-max": "280737", "Description": "Vanuatu (English: /nvnnnunnntun/ ( listen) VAH-noo-AH-too or /v\u00e6nnwnntun/ van-WAH-too;\nBislama, French IPA: [vanuatu]), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (French: R\u00e9publique de Vanuatu,\nBislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is a Pacific island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The\narchipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is 1,750 kilometres (1,090 mi) east of northern Australia, 540\nkilometres (340 mi) northeast of New Caledonia, east of New Guinea, southeast of the Solomon\nIslands, and west of Fiji.Vanuatu was first inhabited by Melanesian people. The first Europeans to visit\nthe islands were a Spanish expedition led by Portuguese navigator Fernandes de Queir\u00f3s, who arrived\non the largest island in 1606. Since the Portuguese and Spanish monarchies had been unified under\nthe king of Spain in 1580 (following the vacancy of the Portuguese throne, which lasted for sixty years,\nuntil 1640, when the Portuguese monarchy was restored), Queir\u00f3s claimed the archipelago for Spain,\nas part of the colonial Spanish East Indies, and named it La Austrialia del Esp\u00edritu Santo.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Vanuatu.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Vanuatu.pdf"}, {"Title": "Jordan Population", "doc_id": 119, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "506079", "Y-max": "9881979", "Description": "Jordan (/ndnnnrdnn/; Arabic: nnnnnnnnnnnn Al-\u201aUrdunn [al.nur.dunn]), officially The\nHashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Arabic: nnnnnnn nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnn Al-Mamlakah\nAl-Urdunnnyah Al-Hnshimnyah), is a sovereign Arab state in western Asia, on the East Bank of the\nJordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the\nnorth, Israel and Palestine to the west. The Dead Sea lies along its western borders and the country\nhas a small shoreline on the Red Sea in its extreme south-west, but is otherwise landlocked. Jordan is\nstrategically located at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe. The capital, Amman, is Jordan's\nmost populous city as well as the country's economic, political and cultural centre.What is now Jordan\nhas been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period. Three stable kingdoms emerged there at\nthe end of the Bronze Age: Ammon, Moab and Edom. Later rulers include the Nabataean Kingdom, the\nRoman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. After the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916\nduring World War I, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned by Britain and France. The Emirate of\nTransjordan was established in 1921 by the Hashemite, then Emir, Abdullah I, and the emirate became\na British protectorate. In 1946, Jordan became an independent state officially known as The Hashemite\nKingdom of Transjordan, but was renamed in 1949 to The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan after the\ncountry captured the West Bank during the 1948 Arab\u0152Israeli War and annexed it until it was lost to\nIsrael in 1967. Jordan renounced its claim to the territory in 1988, and became one of two Arab states\nto have signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994. Jordan is a founding member of the Arab League\nand the Organisation of Islamic Co-operation. The country is a constitutional monarchy, but the king\nholds wide executive and legislative powers.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Jordan.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Jordan.pdf"}, {"Title": "Fiji Population", "doc_id": 120, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "368117", "Y-max": "924028", "Description": "Fiji (/nfindnin/ ( listen) FEE-jee; Fijian: Viti [nbitni]; Fiji Hindi: nnnnn), officially the Republic of Fiji\n(Fijian: Matanitu Tugalala o Viti; Fiji Hindi: nnnnn nnnnnnn), is an island country in Melanesia in\nthe South Pacific Ocean about 1,100 nautical miles (2,000 km; 1,300 mi) northeast of New Zealand's\nNorth Island. Its closest neighbours are Vanuatu to the west, New Caledonia to the southwest, New\nZealand's Kermadec Islands to the southeast, Tonga to the east, the Samoas and France's Wallis and\nFutuna to the northeast, and Tuvalu to the north.Fiji is an archipelago of more than 330 islands, of\nwhich 110 are permanently inhabited, and more than 500 islets, amounting to a total land area of about\n18,300 square kilometres (7,100 sq mi). The farthest island is Ono-i-Lau. The two major islands, Viti\nLevu and Vanua Levu, account for 87% of the total population of 898,760. The capital, Suva on Viti\nLevu, serves as Fiji's principal cruise port. About three-quarters of Fijians live on Viti Levu's coasts,\neither in Suva or in smaller urban centres like Nadi (tourism) or Lautoka (sugar cane industry). Viti\nLevu's interior is sparsely inhabited due to its terrain.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Fiji.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Fiji.pdf"}, {"Title": "Malawi Population", "doc_id": 121, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2894946", "Y-max": "18815224", "Description": "Coordinates: 13\u00b030\u00a2S 34\u00b000\u00a2En / n13.500\u00b0S 34.000\u00b0En / -13.500; 34.000\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark\ngrey) \u0152 in the African Union  (light blue)Malawi (/mnnlnnwi/, /mnnlnnwi/ or /nm\u00e6lnwi/;\nChichewa: [mal\u00e1bi] or [mal\u00e1wi]), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast\nAfrica that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to\nthe northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. Malawi is over 118,000 km2\n(45,560 sq mi) with an estimated population of 18,091,575 (July 2016 est.). Its capital is Lilongwe,\nwhich is also Malawi's largest city; the second largest is Blantyre, the third is Mzuzu and the fourth\nlargest is its old capital Zomba. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja\npeople that inhabit the area. The country is also nicknamed \"The Warm Heart of Africa\".Malawi is\namong the smallest countries in Africa. Lake Malawi takes up about a third of Malawi's area.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Malawi.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Malawi.pdf"}, {"Title": "Croatia Population", "doc_id": 122, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "4108000", "Y-max": "4812000", "Description": "Coordinates: 45\u00b010\u00a2N 15\u00b030\u00a2En / n45.167\u00b0N 15.500\u00b0En / 45.167; 15.500\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark\ngrey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)Croatia (/kronnennn/ ( listen) kroh-AY-shn; Croatian: Hrvatska\n[xnnnantskan]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska,  listen (help\u00b7info)), is\na country situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea. Its capital\ncity is Zagreb, which forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with its twenty counties.\nCroatia has a total area of 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles) and a population of\n4.28 million, most of whom are Roman Catholics.The Croats arrived in the area of present-day Croatia\nduring the early part of the 7th century AD. They organised the state into two duchies by the 9th\ncentury. Tomislav became the first king by 925, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. The\nKingdom of Croatia retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries, reaching its peak during the rule of\nKings Petar Kre\u0131imir IV and Dmitar Zvonimir. Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In\n1527, faced with Ottoman conquest, the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of the House of\nHabsburg to the Croatian throne. During the early 19th century, parts of the country were split into the\nFrench Illyrian Provinces, and Austria-Hungary occupied its Bosnia and Herzegovina side\u0152a dispute\nsettled by the 1878 Treaty of Berlin. In 1918, after World War I, Croatia was included in the\nunrecognized State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs which seceded from Austria-Hungary and merged\ninto the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A fascist Croatian puppet state backed by Fascist Italy and Nazi\nGermany existed in World War II. After the war, Croatia became a founding member and a federal\nconstituent of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a constitutionally socialist state. On 25 June\n1991, Croatia declared independence, which came wholly into effect on 8 October of the same year.\nThe Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully for four years following the declaration.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Croatia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Croatia.pdf"}, {"Title": "IDA only Population", "doc_id": 123, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "219600081", "Y-max": "1092881177", "Description": "Only the Young were an English pop group consisting of Mikey Bromley, Betsy-Blue English, Charlie\nGeorge and Parisa Tarjomani. They were created and managed by Jo Perry. The group previously\nfeatured George Shelley, who auditioned for ninth series of The X Factor as a soloist who was later\nadded to Union J who made the live shows, eventually finishing in fourth place in the semi-final. This\nwas when Shelley was later replaced by Bromley. In 2014, Only the Young entered the eleventh series\nof The X Factor and made the live shows, where they finished in seventh place.On 6 November 2015,\nTajormani announced her departure from the band via her blog. Only the Young then announced their\nsplit in November 2015. In October 2017, the group released their self titled debut album, featuring\nsongs they originally planned to release, to please their fanbase.Parisa Tarjomani and Charlie George\nhad known each other since they were children, and Jo Perry formed Only the Young casting\nBetsy-Blue English to the band and George Shelley in 2012. Shelley went on to audition for the ninth\nseries of The X Factor UK that same year. He auditioned as a solo artist but was later added to Union\nJ who made the live shows finishing in fourth place in the semi-final. After Shelley's departure, he was\nlater replaced by Mikey Bromley. Before auditioning for The X Factor, Only the Young auditioned for\nCapital's Summertime Ball on 21 June 2014, and were chosen to perform at Wembley Stadium\nalongside Pharrell Williams, Miley Cyrus, David Guetta, Enrique Iglesias, Little Mix and many other\nartists.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/IDA only.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/IDA only.pdf"}, {"Title": "United States Population", "doc_id": 124, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "173548174", "Y-max": "330250338", "Description": "Coordinates: 40\u00b0N 100\u00b0Wn / n40\u00b0N 100\u00b0Wn / 40; -100The United States of America (USA),\ncommonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states,\na federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.[fn 6] At 3.8 million\nsquare miles (9.8 million km2) and with over 325 million people, the United States is the world's third-\nor fourth-largest country by total area[fn 7] and the third-most populous. The capital is Washington,\nD.C., and the largest city by population is New York City. Forty-eight states and the capital's federal\ndistrict are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska\nis in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering\nStrait from Russia to the west. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The\nU.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine\nofficial time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the United States make it\none of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/United States.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/United States.pdf"}, {"Title": "Niger Population", "doc_id": 125, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2524552", "Y-max": "21537198", "Description": "Coordinates: 16\u00b0N 8\u00b0En / n16\u00b0N 8\u00b0En / 16; 8Niger, also called the Niger (/nnandnnr/ ( listen), or\n/ninnnnnr/; French: [ninnn]) officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in Western\nAfrica named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east,\nNigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger\ncovers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2, making it the largest country in West Africa. Over 80% of\nits land area lies in the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of about 21\nmillion mostly clusters in the far south and west of the country. The capital city is Niamey, located in\nNiger\u2122s southwest corner.Niger is a developing country, consistently ranks near the bottom in the\nUnited Nations' Human Development Index (HDI); it was ranked 187th of 188 countries for 2015. Much\nof the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The\neconomy is concentrated around subsistence, with some export agriculture in the more fertile south,\nand export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger faces serious challenges to development\ndue to its landlocked position, desert terrain, inefficient agriculture, high fertility rates without birth\ncontrol, and the resulting overpopulation, the poor educational level and the poverty of its people, the\nlack of infrastructure, the poor health care, and the environmental degradation.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Niger.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Niger.pdf"}, {"Title": "Bosnia and Herzegovina Population", "doc_id": 126, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "3161548", "Y-max": "4572175", "Description": "in Europe  (dark grey)Bosnia and Herzegovina (/nbnznin ... nhnnrtsnnonnvinnn, -nhnnrt-,\n-nn-/ ( listen) or /nhnnrtsnnnnvnnn/; abbreviated B&H; Bosnian and Serbian: Bosna i Hercegovina\n(BiH) / nnnna n nnnnnnnnnnn (nnn), Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) pronounced [b\u00f4sna i\nxnrtsenonina]), sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina, and often known informally as Bosnia, is a\ncountry in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula. Sarajevo is the capital and largest\ncity. Bordered by Croatia to the north and west; Serbia to the east; Montenegro to the southeast; and\nthe Adriatic Sea to the south, with a coastline about 20 kilometres (12 miles) long surrounding the town\nof Neum. In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous, in the\nnorthwest it is moderately hilly, and the northeast is predominantly flatland. The inland is a\ngeographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate, with hot summers and cold and\nsnowy winters. The southern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate and plain topography.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Bosnia and Herzegovina.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Bosnia and Herzegovina.pdf"}, {"Title": "Northern Mariana Islands Population", "doc_id": 127, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "7067", "Y-max": "72355", "Description": "The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI;\nChamorro: Sankattan Siha Na Islas Mari\u00e5nas; Refaluwasch or Carolinian: Commonwealth T\u00e9\u00e9l Fal\u00faw\nkka Ef\u00e1ng ll\u00f3l Marianas), is an insular area and commonwealth of the United States consisting of 15\nislands in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The CNMI includes all islands in the Mariana Archipelago\nexcept Guam which is the southernmost island of the chain and a separate U.S. territory.The United\nStates Department of the Interior cites a landmass of 183.5 square miles (475.26 km2). According to\nthe 2010 United States Census, 53,883 people were living in the CNMI at that time. The vast majority\nof the population resides on Saipan, Tinian, and Rota. The other islands of the Northern Marianas are\nsparsely inhabited; the most notable among these is Pagan, which for various reasons over the\ncenturies has experienced major population flux, but formerly had residents numbering in the\nthousands.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Northern Mariana Islands.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Northern Mariana Islands.pdf"}, {"Title": "British Virgin Islands Population", "doc_id": 128, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "6901", "Y-max": "31792", "Description": "Coordinates: 18\u00b030\u00a2N 64\u00b030\u00a2Wn / n18.500\u00b0N 64.500\u00b0Wn / 18.500; -64.500The British Virgin Islands\n(BVI), officially simply \"Virgin Islands\", are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of\nPuerto Rico. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in\nthe Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.The British Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of\nTortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada, and Jost Van Dyke, along with over 50 other smaller islands and cays.\nAbout 15 of the islands are inhabited. The capital, Road Town, is on Tortola, the largest island, which\nis about 20 km (12 mi) long and 5 km (3 mi) wide. The islands had a population of about 28,000 at the\n2010 Census, of whom approximately 23,500 lived on Tortola. For the islands, the latest United\nNations estimate (2016) is 30,661.British Virgin Islanders are British Overseas Territories citizens and\nsince 2002 are British citizens as well. Although the territory is not part of the European Union and not\ndirectly subject to EU law, British Virgin Islanders are deemed to be citizens of the EU by virtue of their\nBritish citizenship.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/British Virgin Islands.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/British Virgin Islands.pdf"}, {"Title": "Uruguay Population", "doc_id": 129, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2493383", "Y-max": "3489273", "Description": "Coordinates: 33\u00b0S 56\u00b0Wn / n33\u00b0S 56\u00b0Wn / -33; -56in South America  (grey)Uruguay\n(/njnnrnnwan/ ( listen); Spanish pronunciation: [ununnwain]), officially the Oriental Republic of\nUruguay (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica Oriental del Uruguay), is a sovereign state in the southeastern region of\nSouth America. It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the R\u00edo de la Plata\n(River of Silver) to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to an estimated\n3.44 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city,\nMontevideo. With an area of approximately 176,000 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi), Uruguay is\ngeographically the second-smallest nation in South America, after Suriname.Uruguay was inhabited by\nthe Charr\u00faa people for approximately 4,000[citation needed] years before the Portuguese established\nColonia del Sacramento in 1680, meaning that Uruguay began to be colonized by Europeans relatively\nlate compared with neighboring countries. Montevideo was founded as a military stronghold by the\nSpanish in the early 18th century, signifying the competing claims over the region. Uruguay won its\nindependence between 1811 and 1828, following a four-way struggle between Spain, Portugal, and\nlater Argentina and Brazil. It remained subject to foreign influence and intervention throughout the 19th\ncentury, with the military playing a recurring role in domestic politics until the late 20th century. Modern\nUruguay is a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and\nhead of government.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Uruguay.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Uruguay.pdf"}, {"Title": "Malta Population", "doc_id": 130, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "295248", "Y-max": "443694", "Description": "\u0152 in Europe  (light green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European Union  (light green)  \u0152  [Legend]Coordinates:\n35\u00b053\u00a2N 14\u00b030\u00a2En / n35.883\u00b0N 14.500\u00b0En / 35.883; 14.500Malta (/nmnltn, nmnnl-/ ( listen);\nMaltese: [nmnltn]), officially known as the Republic of Malta (Maltese: Repubblika ta' Malta), is a\nSouthern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. It lies 80 km\n(50 mi) south of Italy, 284 km (176 mi) east of Tunisia, and 333 km (207 mi) north of Libya. The country\ncovers just over 316 km2 (122 sq mi), with a population of just under 450,000, making it one of the\nworld's smallest and most densely populated countries. The capital of Malta is Valletta, which at\n0.8 km2, is the smallest national capital in the European Union by area. Malta has two official\nlanguages which are Maltese and English. However, the Maltese language is also regarded as the\nnational language of the island.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Malta.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Malta.pdf"}, {"Title": "East Asia  Pacific Population", "doc_id": 131, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "979278499", "Y-max": "2359524669", "Description": "Asia-Pacific or Asia Pacific (abbreviated as APAC, Asia-Pac, AsPac, APJ, JAPA or JAPAC) is the part\nof the world in or near the Western Pacific Ocean. The region varies in size depending on which\ncontext, but it typically includes much of East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.The term\nmay also include Russia (on the North Pacific) and countries in the Americas which are on the coast of\nthe Eastern Pacific Ocean; the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, for example, includes Canada,\nChile, Russia, Mexico, Peru, and the United States. Alternatively, the term sometimes comprises all of\nAsia and Australasia as well as small/medium/large Pacific island nations (Asia Pacific and Australian\ncontinent) - for example when dividing the world into large regions for commercial purposes (e.g. into\nAmericas, EMEA and Asia Pacific).On the whole there appears to be no clear cut definition of \"Asia\nPacific\" and the regions included change as per the context.Though imprecise, the term has become\npopular since the late 1980s in commerce, finance and politics. In fact, despite the heterogeneity of the\nregions' economies, most individual nations within the zone are emerging markets experiencing rapid\ngrowth. (Compare the concept/acronym APEJ or APeJ - Asia-Pacific excluding Japan.)\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/East Asia & Pacific.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/East Asia & Pacific.pdf"}, {"Title": "Japan Population", "doc_id": 132, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "90722100", "Y-max": "129848471", "Description": "Coordinates: 35\u00b0N 136\u00b0En / n35\u00b0N 136\u00b0En / 35; 136Japan (Japanese: nn Nippon [nippon] or Nihon\n[nihon]; formally nnn  Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, meaning \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island\nnation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asian mainland and\nstretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and China in the southwest.The\nkanji, or Sino-Japanese characters, that make up Japan's name mean \"sun origin\", and it is often\ncalled the \"Land of the Rising Sun\". Japan is a stratovolcanic archipelago consisting of about 6,852\nislands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, which make up about\nninety-seven percent of Japan's land area and often are referred to as home islands. The country is\ndivided into 47 prefectures in eight regions, with Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and\nOkinawa being the southernmost one. The population of 127 million is the world's tenth largest.\nJapanese people make up 98.5% of Japan's total population. About 9.1 million people live in Tokyo,\nthe capital of Japan.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Japan.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Japan.pdf"}, {"Title": "Vietnam Population", "doc_id": 133, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "31845095", "Y-max": "95599005", "Description": "Coordinates: 16\u00b010\u00a2N 107\u00b050\u00a2En / n16.167\u00b0N 107.833\u00b0En / 16.167; 107.833in ASEAN  (dark grey)  \u0152 \n[Legend]Vietnam (UK: /nvjntnn\u00e6m, -nnnnm/, US: /nvinntnnnnm, -nn\u00e6m/ ( listen); Vietnamese:\nVint Nam pronounced [v\u00eent nnnm] ( listen)), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese:\nCnng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 hni chn nghna Vint Nam ( listen)), is the easternmost country on the Indochina\nPeninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 94.6 million inhabitants as of 2016[update], it is the\nworld's 14th-most-populous country, and the ninth-most-populous Asian country. Vietnam is bordered\nby China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, Thailand across the Gulf of\nThailand to the southwest, and the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia across the South China Sea to\nthe east and southeast.[d] Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South\nVietnam in 1976, with Ho Chi Minh City as the most populous city.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Vietnam.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Vietnam.pdf"}, {"Title": "Latin America  the Caribbean IDA  IBRD countries Population", "doc_id": 134, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "189798754", "Y-max": "642093786", "Description": "countries)\nLatin America[a] is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Spanish,\nFrench and Portuguese are spoken. The term originated in the French government in the mid-19th\ncentury as Am\u00e9rique latine to consider French-speaking territories in the Americas (Haiti, French\nGuiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, Saint Barth\u00e9lemy) along with the larger group of\ncountries where Spanish and Portuguese languages prevailed. It is therefore broader than the terms\nIbero-America or Hispanic America. The term excludes French Canada and modern French\nLouisiana.Latin America consists of nineteen sovereign states and several territories and\ndependencies which cover an area that stretches from the northern border of Mexico to the southern\ntip of South America, including the Caribbean. It has an area of approximately 19,197,000 km2\n(7,412,000 sq mi), almost 13% of the Earth's land surface area. As of 2016, its population was\nestimated at more than 639 million[b] and in 2014, Latin America had a combined nominal GDP of\n5,573,397 million USD and a GDP PPP of 7,531,585 million USD.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries).png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries).pdf"}, {"Title": "Finland Population", "doc_id": 135, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "4376360", "Y-max": "5548369", "Description": "\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)  \u0152  [Legend]Finland\n(/nfnnlnnd/ ( listen); Finnish: Suomi [suonmi] ( listen); Swedish: Finland [nfnnland]), officially the\nRepublic of Finland (Finnish: Suomen tasavalta, Swedish: Republiken Finland) is a sovereign state in\nNorthern Europe. The country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and\nRussia to the east. To the south is the Gulf of Finland with Estonia on the opposite side. Finland is a\nNordic country and, together with Scandinavia, is situated in the geographical region of\nFennoscandia.Finland's population is 5.5 million (2016), and the majority of the population is\nconcentrated in the southern region. 88.7% of the population is Finnish and speaks Finnish, a Uralic\nlanguage unrelated to the Scandinavian languages; next come the Finland-Swedes (5.3%). Finland is\nthe eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. It\nis a parliamentary republic with a central government based in the capital city of Helsinki, local\ngovernments in 311 municipalities, and one autonomous region, the \u00c5land Islands. Over 1.4 million\npeople live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area, which produces one third of the country's GDP.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Finland.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Finland.pdf"}, {"Title": "Uzbekistan Population", "doc_id": 136, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "7384557", "Y-max": "33013135", "Description": "Coordinates: 41\u00b0N 69\u00b0En / n41\u00b0N 69\u00b0En / 41; 69Uzbekistan (US: /nznbnknnst\u00e6n,\n-nstnnn/ ( listen), UK: /nznbnknnstnnn, nz-, -nst\u00e6n/), officially also the Republic of Uzbekistan\n(Uzbek: Onzbekiston Respublikasi), is a doubly landlocked Central Asian Sovereign state. It is a\nsecular, unitary constitutional republic, comprising 12 provinces, one autonomous republic, and a\ncapital city. Uzbekistan is bordered by five landlocked countries: Kazakhstan to the north; Kyrgyzstan\nto the northeast; Tajikistan to the southeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the\nsouthwest.What is now Uzbekistan was in ancient times part of the predominantly Iranian-speaking\nregion of Transoxiana, with cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva growing rich from the Silk\nRoad. The first settlers to this territory are known as Scythians. The earliest civilizations include\nKhwarezm (8th\u01526th centuries BC), Bactria (8th\u01526th centuries BC), Sogdia (8th\u01526th centuries BC),\nFergana (3rd century BC \u0152 6th century AD), and Margiana (3rd century BC \u0152 6th century AD), founded\nby the East Iranian nomads. The area was incorporated into the Persian Empire, which saw its fall with\nthe Muslim conquest in the 7th century, turning the majority of the population into Islam. Following the\nsuccession of the local rulers of Khwarezmian dynasty in the 11th century, the region fell to the Mongol\ninvasion in the 13th century. The city of Shahrisabz was the birthplace of Timur, who in 14th century\nestablished the Timurid Empire and was proclaimed the Supreme Emir of Turan. The area was\nconquered by Uzbek Shaybanids in the 16th century, moving the centre of power from Samarkand to\nBukhara. The region was split into three states: Khanate of Khiva, Khanate of Kokand, and Emirate of\nBukhara. It was gradually incorporated into the Russian Empire during the 19th century, with Tashkent\nbecoming the political center of Russian Turkestan. In 1924, after national delimitation, the constituent\nrepublic of the Soviet Union known as the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was created. Following the\nbreakup of the Soviet Union, it declared independence as the Republic of Uzbekistan on 31 August\n1991.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Uzbekistan.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Uzbekistan.pdf"}, {"Title": "Ireland Population", "doc_id": 137, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2726965", "Y-max": "4870529", "Description": "in Europe  (green & dark grey)Ireland (/nannrlnnd/ ( listen); Irish: \u00c9ire [nennnn] ( listen);\nUlster-Scots: Airlann [nnnrlnn]) is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to\nits east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the third-largest island\nin Europe. It is the second largest island in the British Isles, after Great Britain.Politically, Ireland is\ndivided between the Republic of Ireland (officially named Ireland), which covers five-sixths of the island,\nand Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom, in the northeast of the island. In 2011, the\npopulation of Ireland was about 6.6 million, ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after\nGreat Britain. Just under 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just over 1.8 million live in\nNorthern Ireland.The island's geography comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central\nplain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its\nmild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature. Thick woodlands covered the\nisland until the Middle Ages. As of 2013, the amount of land that is wooded in Ireland is about 11% of\nthe total, compared with a European average of 35%. There are twenty-six extant mammal species\nnative to Ireland. The Irish climate is very moderate and classified as oceanic. As a result, winters are\nmilder than expected for such a northerly area. However, summers are cooler than those in Continental\nEurope. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Ireland.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Ireland.pdf"}, {"Title": "Sint Maarten Dutch part Population", "doc_id": 138, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1997", "X-max": "2016", "Y-min": "30022", "Y-max": "40954", "Description": "in the Caribbean  (light yellow)Sint Maarten (Dutch pronunciation: [snnt nmanrtn(n)]) is an island\ncountry in the Caribbean. It is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. With a\npopulation of 33,609 on an area of 34 km2 (13 sq mi), it encompasses the southern 40% of the divided\nisland of Saint Martin, while the northern 60% of the island constitutes the French overseas collectivity\nof Saint-Martin. Sint Maarten's capital is Philipsburg.Before 10 October 2010, Sint Maarten was known\nas the Island Territory of Sint Maarten (Dutch: Eilandgebied Sint Maarten), and was one of five island\nterritories (eilandgebieden) that constituted the Netherlands Antilles.On 6 and 7 September 2017 the\nisland was hit by Category 5 Hurricane Irma, which caused widespread and significant damage to\nbuildings and infrastructure. A total of two deaths had been reported as of 8 September. By then,\n\"many inhabitants [were] devoid of basic necessities\" and looting had become a serious problem.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Sint Maarten (Dutch part).png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Sint Maarten (Dutch part).pdf"}, {"Title": "Indonesia Population", "doc_id": 139, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "79126367", "Y-max": "269781603", "Description": "Coordinates: 5\u00b0S 120\u00b0En / n5\u00b0S 120\u00b0En / -5; 120Indonesia (/nnndnnninnn/ ( listen)\nIN-dn-NEE-zhn or /nnndonnninzin/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-n; Indonesian: [nndonesia]),[lacks stress]\nofficially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia [rnpublik nndonesia]),[lacks\nstress] is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia, with\nsome territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest\nisland country, with more than thirteen thousand islands. At 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358\nsquare miles), Indonesia is the world's 14th largest country in terms of land area and the 7th largest in\nterms of combined sea and land area. With over 261 million people, it is the world's 4th most populous\ncountry as well as the most populous Austronesian and Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's\nmost populous island, contains more than half of the country's population.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Indonesia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Indonesia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Middle East  North Africa Population", "doc_id": 140, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "88927075", "Y-max": "453282324", "Description": "MENA is an English-language acronym referring to the Middle East and North Africa region. The term\ncovers an extensive region, extending from Morocco to Iran, including all Mashriq and Maghreb\ncountries. This toponym is roughly synonymous with the term the Greater Middle East.The population\nof the MENA region at its least extent is estimated to be around 381 million people. This constitutes\nabout 6% of the total world population. The MENA acronym is often used in academia, military\nplanning, disaster relief, media planning as a broadcast region, and business writing.Due to the\ngeographic ambiguity and Eurocentric nature of the term \"Middle East\", some people prefer use of the\nterms Arab World, WANA (West Asia and North Africa) or the less common NAWA (North Africa-West\nAsia). Both the Arab World and MENA region remain the most common terms and are used by most\norganizations, academia, and political entities flexibly, including those in the region itself. The World\nBank, UNDP and even the UNSC all use both terms.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Middle East & North Africa.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Middle East & North Africa.pdf"}, {"Title": "Nauru Population", "doc_id": 141, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "4002", "Y-max": "13479", "Description": "Coordinates: 0\u00b032\u00a2S 166\u00b056\u00a2En / n0.533\u00b0S 166.933\u00b0En / -0.533; 166.933n (Nauru)Nauru (Nauruan:\nNaoero, /nnnnunrun/ nah-OO-roo or /nnnnrun/ NAH-roo), officially the Republic of Nauru (Nauruan:\nRepubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country in Micronesia, a\nsubregion of Oceania, in the Central Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Kiribati, 300\nkilometres (186 mi) to the east. It further lies northwest of Tuvalu, north of the Solomon Islands,\neast-northeast of Papua New Guinea, southeast of the Federated States of Micronesia and south of\nthe Marshall Islands. With 11,347 residents in a 21-square-kilometre (8.1 sq mi) area, Nauru is the\nsmallest state in the South Pacific, smallest republic and third smallest state by area in the world,\nbehind only Vatican City and Monaco.Settled by people from Micronesia and Polynesia c. 1000 BC,\nNauru was annexed and claimed as a colony by the German Empire in the late 19th century. After\nWorld War I, Nauru became a League of Nations mandate administered by Australia, New Zealand\nand the United Kingdom. During World War II, Nauru was occupied by Japanese troops, who were\nbypassed by the Allied advance across the Pacific. After the war ended, the country entered into UN\ntrusteeship. Nauru gained its independence in 1968.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Nauru.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Nauru.pdf"}, {"Title": "Slovenia Population", "doc_id": 142, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1560713", "Y-max": "2088851", "Description": "Coordinates: 46\u00b007\u00a2N 14\u00b049\u00a2En / n46.117\u00b0N 14.817\u00b0En / 46.117; 14.817\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark\ngrey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)Slovenia (/slonnvinnin, sln-/ ( listen) sloh-VEE-nee-n;\nSlovene: Slovenija [slnnn\u00e8nnija]), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene:  Republika\nSlovenija (help\u00b7info), abbr.: RS), is a nation state located in southern Central Europe.[Note 2] The\ncountry is located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes. It is bordered by Italy\nto the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and the\nAdriatic Sea to the southwest. It covers 20,273 square kilometers (7,827 sq mi) and has a population of\n2.06 million. It is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations, European Union, and\nNATO. The capital and largest city is Ljubljana.The territory is mostly mountainous with a mainly\ncontinental climate, with the exception of the Slovene Littoral, which has a sub-Mediterranean climate,\nand the northwest, which has an Alpine climate. Additionally, the Dinaric Alps and the Pannonian Plain\nmeet on the territory of Slovenia. The country, marked by a significant biological diversity, is one of the\nmost water-rich in Europe, with a dense river network, a rich aquifer system, and significant karst\nunderground watercourses. Over half of the territory is covered by forest. The human settlement of\nSlovenia is dispersed and uneven.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Slovenia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Slovenia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Lithuania Population", "doc_id": 143, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2732270", "Y-max": "3750413", "Description": "\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)  \u0152  [Legend]Coordinates: 55\u00b0N\n24\u00b0En / n55\u00b0N 24\u00b0En / 55; 24Lithuania (/nlnqjunennin/ ( listen); Lithuanian: Lietuva [lnnntnnvn]),\nofficially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of\nnorthern-eastern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of\nthe Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the\neast and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest.\nLithuania has an estimated population of 2.8 million people as of 2017[update], and its capital and\nlargest city is Vilnius. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with\nLatvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Lithuania.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Lithuania.pdf"}, {"Title": "Chile Population", "doc_id": 144, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "7206968", "Y-max": "18419410", "Description": "Coordinates: 30\u00b0S 71\u00b0Wn / n30\u00b0S 71\u00b0Wn / -30; -71in South America  (grey)Chile (/ntnnli/ or\n/ntnnlen/; Spanish: [ntnile]), officially the Republic of Chile (Spanish:  Rep\u00fablica de Chile (help\u00b7info)),\nis a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and\nthe Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the\neast, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan\nFern\u00e1ndez, Salas y G\u00f3mez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about\n1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under\nthe Antarctic Treaty.The arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral wealth,\nprincipally copper. The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural\nresources, and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century\nwhen it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing\nlands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets,\ncanals, twisting peninsulas, and islands.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Chile.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Chile.pdf"}, {"Title": "Romania Population", "doc_id": 145, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "18167158", "Y-max": "23441581", "Description": "Coordinates: 46\u00b0N 25\u00b0En / n46\u00b0N 25\u00b0En / 46; 25\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European\nUnion  (green)  \u0152  [Legend]Romania (/ronnmennin/ ( listen) roh-MAY-nee-n; Romanian: Rom\u00e2nia\ni[romnnni.a]) is a sovereign state located in Southeastern Europe. It borders the Black Sea, Bulgaria,\nUkraine, Hungary, Serbia, and Moldova. It has an area of 238,397 square kilometres (92,046 sq mi)\nand a temperate-continental climate. With almost 20 million inhabitants, the country is the seventh most\npopulous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city, Bucharest, is the\nsixth-largest city in the EU, with 1,883,425 inhabitants as of 2011; other major urban areas include\nCluj-Napoca, Timinoara, Iani and Constanna.The River Danube, Europe's second-longest river, rises\nin Germany and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km (1,775 mi), coursing through ten\ncountries before emptying into Romania's Danube Delta. The Carpathian Mountains, which cross\nRomania from the north to the southwest, include Moldoveanu, at 2,544 m (8,346 ft).\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Romania.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Romania.pdf"}, {"Title": "Belize Population", "doc_id": 146, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "78319", "Y-max": "380698", "Description": "Belize (/bnnlinz/ ( listen)), formerly British Honduras, is an independent Commonwealth realm on the\neastern coast of Central America. Belize is bordered on the north by Mexico, on the south and west by\nGuatemala, and on the east by the Caribbean Sea. Its mainland is about 290 km (180 mi) long and\n110 km (68 mi) wide.Belize has an area of 22,800 square kilometres (8,800 sq mi) and a population of\n387,879 (2017). It has the lowest population density in Central America. The country's population\ngrowth rate of 1.87% per year (2015) is the second highest in the region and one of the highest in the\nWestern Hemisphere.Belize's abundance of terrestrial and marine species and its diversity of\necosystems give it a key place in the globally significant Mesoamerican Biological Corridor.Belize has\na diverse society, composed of many cultures and languages that reflect its rich history. English is the\nofficial language of Belize, while Belizean Creole is an unofficial native language. Over half the\npopulation is multilingual, with Spanish being the second most common spoken language.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Belize.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Belize.pdf"}, {"Title": "Morocco Population", "doc_id": 147, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "11181119", "Y-max": "36424198", "Description": "Coordinates: 32\u00b0N 6\u00b0Wn / n32\u00b0N 6\u00b0Wn / 32; -6Morocco (/mnnrnkon/ ( listen); Arabic:\nnnnnnnnnn, translit. al-manrib, lit. 'place the sun sets; the west'; Berber languages: nnnnnn,\ntranslit. Lmenrib; French: Maroc), officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco (Arabic: nnnnnnn\nnnnnnnnnn, translit. al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyah, lit. \"The Western Kingdom\"; Berber languages:\nnnnnnnn n nnnnnn, translit. Tageldit n Lmanrib), is a unitary sovereign state located in the\nMaghreb region of North Africa. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous\ninterior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean\nSea.Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of 446,550 km2 (172,410 sq mi). Its\ncapital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Sal\u00e9, Fes,\nand Meknes. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not\nshared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788, the country\nhas been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid and\nAlmohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and Northwestern Africa. Marinid and Saadi dynasties\ncontinued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African\ncountry to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in\n1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone\nin Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Arab, indigenous\nBerber, Sub-Saharan African, and European influences.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Morocco.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Morocco.pdf"}, {"Title": "Botswana Population", "doc_id": 148, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "438266", "Y-max": "2336545", "Description": "in the African Union  (light blue)Botswana (/bntnswnnnn/), officially the Republic of Botswana\n(Tswana: Lefatshe la Botswana), is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. Formerly the\nBritish protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent\nwithin the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. Since then, it has maintained a strong tradition of\nstable representative democracy, with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections and\nthe best perceived corruption ranking in Africa since at least 1998.Botswana is topographically flat, with\nup to 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south\nand southeast, Namibia to the west and north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. Its border with Zambia\nto the north near Kazungula is poorly defined but is, at most, a few hundred metres long.A mid-sized\ncountry of just over 2 million people, Botswana is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the\nworld. Around 10 percent of the population lives in the capital and largest city, Gaborone. Formerly one\nof the poorest countries in the world\u0160with a GDP per capita of about US$70 per year in the late\n1960s\u0160Botswana has since transformed itself into one of the world's fastest-growing economies. The\neconomy is dominated by mining, cattle, and tourism. Botswana boasts a GDP (purchasing power\nparity) per capita of about $18,825 per year as of 2015[update], which is one of the highest in Africa. Its\nhigh gross national income (by some estimates the fourth-largest in Africa) gives the country a\nrelatively high standard of living and the highest Human Development Index of continental\nSub-Saharan Africa.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Botswana.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Botswana.pdf"}, {"Title": "Mexico Population", "doc_id": 149, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "33705796", "Y-max": "132008738", "Description": "Coordinates: 23\u00b0N 102\u00b0Wn / n23\u00b0N 102\u00b0Wn / 23; -102Mexico (/nmnksnkon/; MEK-sik-oh; Spanish:\nM\u00e9xico, pronounced [nmexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos\nMexicanos,  listen (help\u00b7info)), is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America. It is\nbordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the\nsoutheast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico.\nCovering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), the nation is the fifth largest\ncountry in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world.With an\nestimated population of over 120 million, the country is the eleventh most populous and the most\npopulous Spanish-speaking state in the world while being the second most populous nation in Latin\nAmerica. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a special federal entity that is also its capital\nand most populous city. metropolises include Guadalajara, Le\u00f3n, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, and\nTijuana.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Mexico.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Mexico.pdf"}, {"Title": "Norway Population", "doc_id": 150, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "3498654", "Y-max": "5315513", "Description": "in Europe  (green & dark grey)Indigenous status:Minority status:Norway (/nnnnrwen/ ( listen);\nNorwegian:  Norge (Bokm\u00e5l) or  Noreg (Nynorsk); Northern Sami: Norga), officially the Kingdom of\nNorway, is a sovereign state and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the\nScandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.[note 1]\nThe Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not\nconsidered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen\nMaud Land. Until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also\nincluded Bohusl\u00e4n until 1658, J\u00e4mtland and H\u00e4rjedalen until 1645, Shetland and Orkney until 1468,\nand the Hebrides and Isle of Man until 1266.Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres\n(148,747 sq mi) and a population of 5,258,317 (as of January 2017). The country shares a long eastern\nborder with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the\nnorth-east, and the Skagerrak strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an\nextensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Norway.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Norway.pdf"}, {"Title": "American Samoa Population", "doc_id": 151, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "18050", "Y-max": "61226", "Description": "American Samoa (/nnmnrnknn snnmon.n, -snn-/ ( listen); Samoan: Amerika Snmoa, [anmnnika\nnsanmna]; also Amelika Snmoa or Snmoa Amelika) is an unincorporated territory of the United\nStates located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Samoa.American Samoa consists of five main\nislands and two coral atolls. The largest and most populous island is Tutuila, with the Manuna Islands,\nRose Atoll, and Swains Island also included in the territory. All islands except for Swains Island are\npart of the Samoan Islands, located west of the Cook Islands, north of Tonga, and some 300 miles\n(500 km) south of Tokelau. To the west are the islands of the Wallis and Futuna group.The 2010\ncensus showed a total population of 55,519 people. The total land area is 199 square kilometers\n(76.8 sq mi), slightly more than Washington, D.C. American Samoa is the southernmost territory of the\nUnited States and one of two U.S. territories south of the Equator, along with the uninhabited Jarvis\nIsland. Tuna products are the main exports, and the main trading partner is the United States.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/American Samoa.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/American Samoa.pdf"}, {"Title": "Italy Population", "doc_id": 152, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "49670228", "Y-max": "61318612", "Description": "Coordinates: 43\u00b0N 12\u00b0En / n43\u00b0N 12\u00b0En / 43; 12\u0152 in Europe  (light green & dark grey) \u0152 in the\nEuropean Union  (light green)  \u0152  [Legend]Italy (/nntnli/ IT-n-lee; Italian: Italia, [inta.lja]\n Listen (help\u00b7info)), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica italiana, [renpubnlika itanljana]), is\na unitary parliamentary republic in Europe.[note 1] Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy\nshares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City.\nItaly covers an area of 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and has a largely temperate seasonal and\nMediterranean climate. With around 61 million inhabitants it is the fourth most populous EU member\nstate.Since classical times, ancient Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Greeks established settlements in\nthe south of Italy, with Etruscans and Celts inhabiting the centre and the north of Italy respectively and\nvarious ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian peninsula and insular\nItaly. The Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom, which eventually became a\nrepublic that conquered and assimilated its neighbors. Ultimately the Roman Empire emerged as the\ndominant power in the Mediterranean basin and became the leading cultural, political and religious\ncentre of Western civilisation.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Italy.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Italy.pdf"}, {"Title": "Zimbabwe Population", "doc_id": 153, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "3127219", "Y-max": "16770511", "Description": "Coordinates: 20\u00b0S 30\u00b0En / n20\u00b0S 30\u00b0En / -20; 30in the African Union  (light blue)Zimbabwe\n(/znmnbnnbwen/), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern\nAfrica, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and\nMozambique. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly 16 million people, Zimbabwe\nhas 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used.Since the 11th\ncentury, present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as\na major route for migration and trade. The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first\ndemarcated the present territory during the 1890s; it became the self-governing British colony of\nSouthern Rhodesia in 1923. In 1965, the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared\nindependence as Rhodesia. The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with\nblack nationalist forces; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal\nenfranchisement and de jure sovereignty as Zimbabwe in April 1980. Zimbabwe then joined the\nCommonwealth of Nations, which it withdrew from in December 2003. It is a member of the United\nNations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the\nCommon Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). It was once known as the \"Jewel of\nAfrica\" for its prosperity.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Zimbabwe.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Zimbabwe.pdf"}, {"Title": "Liechtenstein Population", "doc_id": 154, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "15436", "Y-max": "38724", "Description": "in Europe  (dark grey)  \u0152  [Legend]Liechtenstein (/nlnktnnstann/ ( listen); LIK-tnn-styne; German:\n[nln\u00e7tnnntann]), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (German: F\u00fcrstentum Liechtenstein), is a\ndoubly landlocked German-speaking microstate in Central Europe. The principality is a constitutional\nmonarchy headed by the Prince of Liechtenstein.Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west\nand south and Austria to the east and north. It has an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62\nsquare miles), the fourth smallest in Europe, and an estimated population of 37,000. Divided into 11\nmunicipalities, its capital is Vaduz and its largest municipality is Schaan.Economically, Liechtenstein\nhas one of the highest gross domestic products per person in the world when adjusted for purchasing\npower parity, and the highest when not adjusted by purchasing power parity. The unemployment rate is\none of the lowest in the world at 1.5%. Liechtenstein has been known in the past as a billionaire tax\nhaven; however, it is no longer on any blacklists of uncooperative tax haven countries (see taxation\nsection).\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Liechtenstein.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Liechtenstein.pdf"}, {"Title": "Lao PDR Population", "doc_id": 155, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1889023", "Y-max": "6990225", "Description": "Coordinates: 18\u00b0N 105\u00b0En / n18\u00b0N 105\u00b0En / 18; 105in ASEAN  (dark grey)  \u0152 \n[Legend]7,096,376Laos (/nlnnons/ ( listen), /lans, nlnnns, nlenns/; Lao: nnn, Lao\npronunciation: [l\u00e1nw], Lno; French: Laos), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao:\nnnnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn, Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao;\nFrench: R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique populaire lao), commonly referred to by its colloquial name of\nMuang Lao (Lao: nnnnnnnn, Muang Lao), is a landlocked country in the heart of the Indochinese\npeninsula of Mainland Southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar (Burma) and China to the northwest,\nVietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southwest and Thailand to the west and southwest.Present-day\nLaos traces its historic and cultural identity to the kingdom of Lan Xang Hom Khao (Kingdom of a\nMillion Elephants Under the White Parasol), which existed for four centuries as one of the largest\nkingdoms in Southeast Asia. Due to Lan Xang's central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the\nkingdom was able to become a popular hub for overland trade, becoming wealthy economically as well\nas culturally.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Lao PDR.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Lao PDR.pdf"}, {"Title": "Korea Dem Population", "doc_id": 156, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "10726953", "Y-max": "26065842", "Description": "The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ; Hangul: nnn nnn nn; Hanja: nnnnnnnn) is a strip of land\nrunning across the Korean Peninsula. It is established by the provisions of the Korean Armistice\nAgreement to serve as a buffer zone between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North\nKorea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea). The demilitarized zone (DMZ) is a border barrier that\ndivides the Korean Peninsula roughly in half. It was created by agreement between North Korea, China\nand the United Nations in 1953. The DMZ is 250 kilometres (160 miles) long, and about 4 kilometres\n(2.5 miles) wide.Within the DMZ is a meeting point between the two nations in the small Joint Security\nArea near the western end of the zone, where negotiations take place. There have been various\nincidents in and around the DMZ, with military and civilian casualties on both sides.The Korean\nDemilitarized Zone intersects but does not follow the 38th parallel north, which was the border before\nthe Korean War. It crosses the parallel on an angle, with the west end of the DMZ lying south of the\nparallel and the east end lying north of it.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Korea, Dem.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Korea, Dem.pdf"}, {"Title": "Brunei Darussalam Population", "doc_id": 157, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "64672", "Y-max": "440268", "Description": "Coordinates: 4\u00b030\u00a2N 114\u00b040\u00a2En / n4.500\u00b0N 114.667\u00b0En / 4.500; 114.667in ASEAN  (dark grey)  \u0152 \n[Legend]Brunei (/brunnnan/ ( listen), broo-NYE), officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace\n(Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: nnnnn nnnnn nnnnnnnnnn), is a sovereign state\nlocated on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the\nSouth China Sea, the country is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak. It is\nseparated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state\ncompletely on the island of Borneo; the remainder of the island's territory is divided between the\nnations of Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was 423,196 in 2016.At the peak of the\nBruneian Empire, Sultan Bolkiah (reigned 1485\u01521528) is alleged to have had control over most regions\nof Borneo, including modern-day Sarawak and Sabah, as well as the Sulu Archipelago off the\nnortheast tip of Borneo, Seludong (modern-day Manila), and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo.\nThe maritime state was visited by Spain's Magellan Expedition in 1521 and fought against Spain in the\n1578 Castilian War.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Brunei Darussalam.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Brunei Darussalam.pdf"}, {"Title": "Chad Population", "doc_id": 158, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2429045", "Y-max": "15025090", "Description": "Coordinates: 15\u00b0N 19\u00b0En / n15\u00b0N 19\u00b0En / 15; 19Chad (/tn\u00e6d/ ( listen); Arabic: nnnnn Tashnd;\nFrench: Tchad pronounced [tna(d)]), officially the Republic of Chad (Arabic: nnnnnnn nnnnn\nJumhnrnyat Tshnd; French: R\u00e9publique du Tchad lit. \"Republic of the Chad\"), is a landlocked country\nin Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to\nthe south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest and Niger to the west. It is the fifth largest country in\nAfrica in terms of area.Chad has several regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in\nthe centre and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country\nis named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second-largest in Africa. The capital N'Djamena is the\nlargest city.Chad's official languages are Arabic and French. Chad is home to over 200 different ethnic\nand linguistic groups. The major religions of Chad are Islam (at 55%), followed by Christianity (at 40%).\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Chad.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Chad.pdf"}, {"Title": "East Asia  Pacific IDA  IBRD countries Population", "doc_id": 159, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "826501764", "Y-max": "2083148755", "Description": "Asia-Pacific or Asia Pacific (abbreviated as APAC, Asia-Pac, AsPac, APJ, JAPA or JAPAC) is the part\nof the world in or near the Western Pacific Ocean. The region varies in size depending on which\ncontext, but it typically includes much of East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.The term\nmay also include Russia (on the North Pacific) and countries in the Americas which are on the coast of\nthe Eastern Pacific Ocean; the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, for example, includes Canada,\nChile, Russia, Mexico, Peru, and the United States. Alternatively, the term sometimes comprises all of\nAsia and Australasia as well as small/medium/large Pacific island nations (Asia Pacific and Australian\ncontinent) - for example when dividing the world into large regions for commercial purposes (e.g. into\nAmericas, EMEA and Asia Pacific).On the whole there appears to be no clear cut definition of \"Asia\nPacific\" and the regions included change as per the context.Though imprecise, the term has become\npopular since the late 1980s in commerce, finance and politics. In fact, despite the heterogeneity of the\nregions' economies, most individual nations within the zone are emerging markets experiencing rapid\ngrowth. (Compare the concept/acronym APEJ or APeJ - Asia-Pacific excluding Japan.)\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries).png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries).pdf"}, {"Title": "Upper middle income Population", "doc_id": 160, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1098857026", "Y-max": "2650435991", "Description": "In sociology, the upper middle class is the social group constituted by higher status members of the\nmiddle class. This is in contrast to the term lower middle class, which is used for the group at the\nopposite end of the middle-class stratum, and to the broader term middle class. There is considerable\ndebate as to how the upper middle class might be defined. According to sociologist Max Weber the\nupper middle class consists of well-educated professionals with postgraduate degrees and comfortable\nincomes.The American upper middle class is defined similarly using income, education and occupation\nas the predominant indicators. In the United States, the upper middle class is defined as consisting\nmostly of white-collar professionals who not only have above-average personal incomes and advanced\neducational degrees but also a higher degree of autonomy in their work. The main occupational tasks\nof upper-middle-class individuals tend to center on conceptualizing, consulting, and instruction.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Upper middle income.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Upper middle income.pdf"}, {"Title": "Europe  Central Asia IDA  IBRD countries Population", "doc_id": 161, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "301393024", "Y-max": "462705022", "Description": "Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in\nthe south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as \"the stans\" as the countries\ngenerally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix \"-stan\",\nmeaning \"land of\". Central Asia is sometimes referred to as Turkistan.Central Asia has a population of\nabout 70 million, consisting of five republics: Kazakhstan (pop. 18 million), Kyrgyzstan (6 million),\nTajikistan (9 million), Turkmenistan (6 million), and Uzbekistan (31 million). Afghanistan (pop. 35\nmillion), which is a part of South Asia, is also sometimes included in Central Asia.Central Asia has\nhistorically been closely tied to its nomadic peoples and the Silk Road. It has acted as a crossroads for\nthe movement of people, goods, and ideas between Europe, Western Asia, South Asia, and East Asia.\nThe Silk Road connected Muslim lands with the people of Europe, India, and China. This crossroads\nposition has intensified the conflict between tribalism and traditionalism and modernization.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries).png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries).pdf"}, {"Title": "Eritrea Population", "doc_id": 162, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2013", "Y-min": "1243631", "Y-max": "4628549", "Description": "Coordinates: 15\u00b0N 39\u00b0En / n15\u00b0N 39\u00b0En / 15; 39Eritrea (/nnrnntren.n/ or /nnrnntrinn/; Tigrinya:\nnnnn,  listen (help\u00b7info)), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa, with its capital\nat Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The\nnortheastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation\nhas a total area of approximately 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), and includes the Dahlak Archipelago\nand several of the Hanish Islands. Its toponym Eritrea is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea\n(nruqrn Qnlassa Erythra Thalassa), which was first adopted for Italian Eritrea in 1890.Eritrea is a\nmulti-ethnic country, with nine recognized ethnic groups in its population of around 5 million. Most\nresidents speak languages from the Afroasiatic family, either of the Ethiopian Semitic languages or\nCushitic branches. Among these communities, the Tigrinyas make up about 55% of the population,\nwith the Tigre people constituting around 30% of inhabitants. In addition, there are a number of\nNilo-Saharan-speaking Nilotic ethnic minorities. Most people in the territory adhere to Christianity or\nIslam.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Eritrea.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Eritrea.pdf"}, {"Title": "Belarus Population", "doc_id": 163, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "8095950", "Y-max": "10341050", "Description": "Coordinates: 53\u00b0N 23\u00b0En / n53\u00b0N 23\u00b0En / 53; 23in Europe  (dark grey)  \u0152  [Legend]Belarus\n(/bnlnnruns/ ( listen) be-ln-ROOS; Belarusian: nnnnnnnn, translit. Bienarun; IPA: [bnnlanrusn];\nRussian: nnnnnnnn, IPA: [bnnlnnrusn]), officially the Republic of Belarus (Belarusian:\nnnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn; Russian: nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn), formerly known by its\nRussian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (Russian: nnnnnnnnnn), is a landlocked country in\nEastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and\nLithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its\n207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) is forested. Its major economic sectors are service industries\nand manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of\nmodern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of\nLithuania, the Polish\u0152Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Belarus.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Belarus.pdf"}, {"Title": "Palau Population", "doc_id": 164, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "9048", "Y-max": "22096", "Description": "Coordinates: 7\u00b030\u00a2N 134\u00b030\u00a2En / n7.500\u00b0N 134.500\u00b0En / 7.500; 134.500Palau (/pnnlan/ ( listen),\nhistorically Belau or Pelew), officially the Republic of Palau (Palauan: Beluu er a Belau), is an island\ncountry located in the western Pacific Ocean. The country contains approximately 340 islands, forming\nthe western chain of the Caroline Islands in Micronesia, and has an area of 466 square kilometers\n(180 sq mi). The most populous island is Koror. The capital Ngerulmud is located on the nearby island\nof Babeldaob, in Melekeok State. Palau shares maritime boundaries with Indonesia, the Philippines,\nand the Federated States of Micronesia.The country was originally settled approximately 3,000 years\nago by migrants from the Philippines and sustained a Negrito population until around 900 years ago.\nThe islands were first explored by Europeans in the 16th century, and were made part of the Spanish\nEast Indies in 1574. Following Spain's defeat in the Spanish\u0152American War in 1898, the islands were\nsold to Imperial Germany in 1899 under the terms of the German\u0152Spanish Treaty, where they were\nadministered as part of German New Guinea. The Imperial Japanese Navy conquered Palau during\nWorld War I, and the islands were later made a part of the Japanese-ruled South Pacific Mandate by\nthe League of Nations. During World War II, skirmishes, including the major Battle of Peleliu, were\nfought between American and Japanese troops as part of the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign.\nAlong with other Pacific Islands, Palau was made a part of the United States-governed Trust Territory\nof the Pacific Islands in 1947. Having voted against joining the Federated States of Micronesia in 1979,\nthe islands gained full sovereignty in 1994 under a Compact of Free Association with the United\nStates.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Palau.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Palau.pdf"}, {"Title": "Denmark Population", "doc_id": 165, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "4522027", "Y-max": "5788693", "Description": "Denmark (/ndnnmnnrk/ ( listen); Danish: Danmark, pronounced [ndanmnn] ( listen)), officially the\nKingdom of Denmark,[N 9] is a Nordic country and a sovereign state. The southernmost of the\nScandinavian nations, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway,[N 10] and bordered to the\nsouth by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark also comprises two autonomous constituent countries in\nthe North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark proper consists of a peninsula,\nJutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands,[N 2] with the largest being Zealand, Funen and the\nNorth Jutlandic Island. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low\nelevation and a temperate climate. Denmark has an area of 42,924 km2 (16,573 sq mi), total area\nincluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 (853,509 sq mi), and a population of\n5.78 million (as of 2018[update]).\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Denmark.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Denmark.pdf"}, {"Title": "Czech Republic Population", "doc_id": 166, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "9537901", "Y-max": "10610382", "Description": "\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)  \u0152  [Legend]The Czech Republic\n(/ntnnk rnnpnblnk/ ( listen) Czech: nesk\u00e1 republika, Czech pronunciation: [ntnnskan\nnrnpunblnka] ( listen)), also known as Czechia (/ntnnkin/ ( listen); Czech: nesko, pronounced\n[ntnnsko] ( listen)), is a landlocked nation state in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west,\nAustria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an\narea of 78,866 square kilometres (30,450 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental climate and\noceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, has 10.6 million inhabitants and the capital and\nlargest city is Prague, with over 1.2 million residents. The Czech Republic is a member of the European\nUnion (EU), NATO, the OECD, the United Nations, the OSCE, and the Council of Europe.It is a\ndeveloped country with an advanced, high income export-oriented social market economy based on\nservices, manufacturing and innovation. The UNDP ranks the country 14th in inequality-adjusted\nhuman development. The Czech Republic is a welfare state with a \"continental\" European social\nmodel, a universal health care system and tuition-free university education. It ranks as the 6th safest or\nmost peaceful country and is one of the most non-religious countries in the world, while achieving\nstrong performance in democratic governance.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Czech Republic.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Czech Republic.pdf"}, {"Title": "Albania Population", "doc_id": 167, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1524912", "Y-max": "3370429", "Description": "in Europe  (grey)Albania (/\u00e6lnbennin, nnl-/ ( listen) a(w)l-BAY-nee-n; Albanian: Shqip\u00ebri/Shqip\u00ebria;\nGheg Albanian: Shqipni/Shqipnia or Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Albanian:\nRepublika e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, pronounced [nnpunblika n ncipnnninsn]), is a country in Southeastern\nEurope. The country spans 28,748 square kilometres (11,100 square miles) and had a total population\nof 3 million people as of 2016[update]. It is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic with the\ncapital in Tirana, the country's most populous city and main economic and commercial centre. The\ncountry's other major cities include Durr\u00ebs, Vlor\u00eb, Sarand\u00eb, Shkod\u00ebr, Berat, Kor\u00e7\u00eb, Gjirokast\u00ebr and\nFier.Albania lies in the southwestern portion of the Balkan Peninsula bordered by Montenegro to the\nnorthwest, Kosovo[b] to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east, and Greece to the south\nand southeast. Most of the country is mountainous, including the Albanian Alps in the north, the Korab\nMountains in the east, the Ceraunian Mountains in the south and the Skanderbeg Mountains in the\ncenter. The country's coast touches the Adriatic Sea to the west and the Ionian Sea to the southwest\nthat forms the Albanian Riviera. It is less than 72 km (45 mi) from Italy across the Strait of Otranto,\nwhich connects the Adriatic to the Ionian.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Albania.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Albania.pdf"}, {"Title": "Yemen Rep Population", "doc_id": 168, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "4051531", "Y-max": "28704816", "Description": "Coordinates: 15\u00b0N 48\u00b0En / n15\u00b0N 48\u00b0En / 15; 48Yemen (/njnmnn/ ( listen); Arabic: nnnnnnnn\nal-Yaman), officially known as the Republic of Yemen (nnnnnnnnn nnnnnnn al-Jumhnrnyah\nal-Yamannyah), is an Arab sovereign state in Western Asia at the southern end of the Arabian\nPeninsula. Yemen is the second-largest country in the peninsula, occupying 527,970 km2\n(203,850 sq mi). The coastline stretches for about 2,000 km (1,200 mi). It is bordered by Saudi Arabia\nto the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south, and Oman to the\neast-northeast. Although Yemen's constitutionally stated capital is the city of Sana'a, the city has been\nunder Houthi rebel control since February 2015. Yemen's territory includes more than 200 islands; the\nlargest of these is Socotra.Yemen was the home of the Sabaeans (biblical Sheba), a trading state that\nflourished for over a thousand years and also included parts of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea. In\n275 AD, the region came under the rule of the later Jewish-influenced Himyarite Kingdom. Christianity\narrived in the fourth century. Islam spread quickly in the seventh century and Yemenite troops were\ncrucial in the expansion of the early Islamic conquests. Administration of Yemen has long been\nnotoriously difficult. Several dynasties emerged from the ninth to 16th centuries, the Rasulid dynasty\nbeing the strongest and most prosperous. The country was divided between the Ottoman and British\nempires in the early twentieth century. The Zaydi Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen was established\nafter World War I in North Yemen before the creation of the Yemen Arab Republic in 1962. South\nYemen remained a British protectorate known as the Aden Protectorate until 1967 when it became an\nindependent state and later, a Marxist state. The two Yemeni states united to form the modern republic\nof Yemen in 1990.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Yemen, Rep.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Yemen, Rep.pdf"}, {"Title": "New Zealand Population", "doc_id": 169, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2255755", "Y-max": "4808745", "Description": "New Zealand (/njunnzinlnnd/ ( listen); Mnori: Aotearoa [anntnanna]) is an island country in the\nsouthwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses\u0160the North\nIsland (or Te Ika-a-Mnui), and the South Island (or Te Waipounamu)\u0160and around 600 smaller islands.\nNew Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and\nroughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga.\nBecause of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period\nof isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal and plant life. The\ncountry's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to\nthe tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, while its most\npopulous city is Auckland.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/New Zealand.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/New Zealand.pdf"}, {"Title": "Philippines Population", "doc_id": 170, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "22420665", "Y-max": "107172581", "Description": "Coordinates: 13\u00b0N 122\u00b0En / n13\u00b0N 122\u00b0En / 13; 122Filipino (masculine or neutral) Filipina (feminine)\nPinoy (colloquial masculine) Pinay (colloquial feminine)The Philippines (/nfnlnpinnz/ ( listen); Filipino:\nPilipinas [npnlnnpinns] or Filipinas [nfnlnnpinns]), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino:\nRepublika ng Pilipinas)[a] is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Situated in\nthe western Pacific Ocean, it consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three\nmain geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the\nPhilippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by\nthe South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the\nsouthwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west,\nPalau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Philippines.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Philippines.pdf"}, {"Title": "Barbados Population", "doc_id": 171, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "228236", "Y-max": "287698", "Description": "Coordinates: 13\u00b010\u00a2N 59\u00b033\u00a2Wn / n13.167\u00b0N 59.550\u00b0Wn / 13.167; -59.550Barbados\n(/bnnrnbendns/ ( listen) or /bnnrnbendons/) is an island country in the Lesser Antilles, in the\nCaribbean region of North America. It is 34 kilometres (21 miles) in length and up to 23 km (14 mi) in\nwidth, covering an area of 432 km2 (167 sq mi). It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic\nand 100 km (62 mi) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about 168 km\n(104 mi) east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and 400 km (250 mi) north-east of\nTrinidad and Tobago. Barbados is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt. Its capital and largest\ncity is Bridgetown.Inhabited by Kalinago people since the 13th century, and prior to that by other\nAmerindians, Barbados was visited by Spanish navigators in the late 15th century and claimed for the\nSpanish Crown. It first appeared in a Spanish map in 1511. The Portuguese visited the island in 1536,\nbut they left it unclaimed, with their only remnants being an introduction of wild hogs for a good supply\nof meat whenever the island was visited. An English ship, the Olive Blossom, arrived in Barbados in\n1625; its men took possession of it in the name of King James I. In 1627, the first permanent settlers\narrived from England, and it became an English and later British colony. As a wealthy sugar colony, it\nbecame an English centre of the African slave trade until that trade was outlawed in 1807, with final\nemancipation of slaves in Barbados occurring over a period of years from 1833.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Barbados.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Barbados.pdf"}, {"Title": "India Population", "doc_id": 172, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "405746070", "Y-max": "1367905891", "Description": "India, officially the Republic of India (Bhnrat Ganarnjya),[e] is a country in South Asia. It is the\nseventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and\nthe most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the\nArabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with\nPakistan to the west;[f] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and\nBangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives.\nIndia's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.The Indian\nsubcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE \u0160 one of the\nworld's earliest civilizations.[g] In the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with\nHinduism began to be composed. Large scale urbanization occurred on the Ganges in the first\nmillennium BCE leading to the Mahajanapadas, and Buddhism and Jainism arose. Early political\nconsolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires; the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms\ninfluenced cultures as far as Southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism,\nChristianity, and Islam arrived, and Sikhism emerged, all adding to the region's diverse culture. Much\nof the north fell to the Delhi sultanate; the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The\ncountry was unified in the 17th century by the Mughal Empire. In the 18th century, the subcontinent\ncame under the Maratha Empire and in the 19th under the British East India Company, later shifting to\nBritish crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under\nMahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance and led to India's independence in 1947.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/India.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/India.pdf"}, {"Title": "Peru Population", "doc_id": 173, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "8975898", "Y-max": "32859455", "Description": "Coordinates: 10\u00b0S 76\u00b0Wn / n10\u00b0S 76\u00b0Wn / -10; -76in South America  (grey)Peru (/pnnrun/ ( listen);\nSpanish: Per\u00fa [pennu]; Quechua: Piruw Republika [pnnnnw]; Aymara: Piruw Suyu [pnnnw]),\nofficially the Republic of Peru (Spanish:  Rep\u00fablica del Per\u00fa (help\u00b7info)), is a country in western South\nAmerica. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by\nBolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is an extremely biodiverse\ncountry with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks\nof the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the\ntropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river.Peruvian territory was home to\nseveral ancient cultures, ranging from the Norte Chico civilization in the 32nd century BC, the oldest\ncivilization in the Americas, to the Inca Empire, the largest and most sophisticated state in\npre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and\nestablished a Viceroyalty that encompassed most of its South American colonies, with its capital in\nLima. Peru formally proclaimed independence in 1821, and following the military campaigns of Jos\u00e9 de\nSan Mart\u00edn and Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar, and the decisive battle of Ayacucho, Peru secured independence in\n1824. In the ensuing years, the country enjoyed relative economic and political stability, which ended\nshortly before the War of the Pacific with Chile. Throughout the 20th century, Peru endured armed\nterritorial disputes, coups, social unrest, and internal conflicts, as well as periods of stability and\neconomic upswing.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Peru.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Peru.pdf"}, {"Title": "Singapore Population", "doc_id": 174, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1448355", "Y-max": "5805327", "Description": "Singapore (/nsnn(n)npnnr/ ( listen)), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state\nand island country in Southeast Asia. It lies one degree (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the\nequator, at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, with Indonesia's Riau Islands to the south and\nPeninsular Malaysia to the north. Singapore's territory consists of one main island along with 62 other\nislets. Since independence, extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23% (130 square\nkilometres or 50 square miles).Stamford Raffles founded colonial Singapore in 1819 as a trading post\nof the British East India Company; after the latter's collapse in 1858, the islands were ceded to the\nBritish Raj as a crown colony. During the Second World War, Singapore was occupied by Japan. It\ngained independence from the UK in 1963 by federating with other former British territories to form\nMalaysia, but separated two years later over ideological differences, becoming a sovereign nation in\n1965. After early years of turbulence and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland, the nation\ndeveloped rapidly as an Asian Tiger economy, based on external trade and its workforce.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Singapore.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Singapore.pdf"}, {"Title": "Lebanon Population", "doc_id": 175, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1594838", "Y-max": "6216755", "Description": "Coordinates: 33\u00b050\u00a2N 35\u00b050\u00a2En / n33.833\u00b0N 35.833\u00b0En / 33.833; 35.833Lebanon\n(/nlnbnnnn/ ( listen); Arabic: nnnnnn Lubnnn; Lebanese pronunciation: [lnbnn\u00e6nn]; French:\nLiban), officially known as the Lebanese Republic[nb 2] (Arabic: nnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn\nal-Jumhnrnyah al-Lubnnnnyah; Lebanese pronunciation: [elnnnmhunnnjje l.nlnbn\u00e6nnnjje];\nFrench: R\u00e9publique libanaise), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered by Syria to the north\nand east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus is west across the Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon's\nlocation at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich\nhistory and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity. At just 10,452 km2 (4,036 sq.\nmi.), it is the smallest recognized country on the entire mainland Asian continent.[nb 3]The earliest\nevidence of civilization in Lebanon dates back more than seven thousand years, predating recorded\nhistory. Lebanon was the home of the Canaanites/Phoenicians and their kingdoms, a maritime culture\nthat flourished for over a thousand years (c. 1550\u0152539 BC). In 64 BC, the region came under the rule\nof the Roman Empire, and eventually became one of the Empire's leading centers of Christianity. In\nthe Mount Lebanon range a monastic tradition known as the Maronite Church was established. As the\nArab Muslims conquered the region, the Maronites held onto their religion and identity. However, a\nnew religious group, the Druze, established themselves in Mount Lebanon as well, generating a\nreligious divide that has lasted for centuries. During the Crusades, the Maronites re-established contact\nwith the Roman Catholic Church and asserted their communion with Rome. The ties they established\nwith the Latins have influenced the region into the modern era.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Lebanon.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Lebanon.pdf"}, {"Title": "IBRD only Population", "doc_id": 176, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1780515925", "Y-max": "4836139078", "Description": "The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial\ninstitution that offers loans to middle-income developing countries. The IBRD is the first of five member\ninstitutions that compose the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United\nStates. It was established in 1944 with the mission of financing the reconstruction of European nations\ndevastated by World War II. The IBRD and its concessional lending arm, the International\nDevelopment Association, are collectively known as the World Bank as they share the same leadership\nand staff. Following the reconstruction of Europe, the Bank's mandate expanded to advancing\nworldwide economic development and eradicating poverty. The IBRD provides commercial-grade or\nconcessional financing to sovereign states to fund projects that seek to improve transportation and\ninfrastructure, education, domestic policy, environmental consciousness, energy investments,\nhealthcare, access to food and potable water, and access to improved sanitation.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/IBRD only.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/IBRD only.pdf"}, {"Title": "Netherlands Population", "doc_id": 177, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "11210042", "Y-max": "17294996", "Description": "\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)The Netherlands\n(/nnn\u00f0nrlnndz/ ( listen); Dutch: Nederland [nnendnrnlnnt] ( listen)), also known informally as\nHolland, is a country in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million. It is the main\nconstituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is further comprised of three island\nterritories in the Caribbean: Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. The European portion of the Netherlands\nconsists of twelve provinces and borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea\nto the northwest, sharing maritime borders in the North Sea with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and\nGermany. The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht\n(forming the Randstad megalopolis) and Eindhoven (leading the Brabantse Stedenrij). Amsterdam is\nthe country's capital, while The Hague holds the seat of the States General and cabinet. The Port of\nRotterdam is the largest port in Europe and the world's largest outside East Asia.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Netherlands.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Netherlands.pdf"}, {"Title": "Georgia Population", "doc_id": 178, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "3582325", "Y-max": "4974375", "Description": "Georgia generally refers to:Georgia may also refer to:\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Georgia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Georgia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Antigua and Barbuda Population", "doc_id": 179, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "53057", "Y-max": "103244", "Description": "Coordinates: 17\u00b003\u00a2N 61\u00b048\u00a2Wn / n17.050\u00b0N 61.800\u00b0Wn / 17.050; -61.800Antigua and Barbuda\n(/\u00e6nntinn(w)n ... bnnrnb(j)undn/ ( listen); an-TEE-g(w)n ... bar-B(Y)OO-dn) is a sovereign state in\nthe Americas, lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major\nislands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands (including Great Bird, Green, Guiana,\nLong, Maiden and York Islands and further south, the island of Redonda). The permanent population\nnumbers about 81,800 (at the 2011 Census) and the capital and largest port and city is St. John's, on\nAntigua.Lying near each other (the main Barbuda airport is less than 0.5\u00b0 of latitude, or 30 nautical\nmiles, north of the main Antigua airport), Antigua and Barbuda are in the middle of the Leeward\nIslands, part of the Lesser Antilles, roughly at 17\u00b0N of the equator. The country's name was given by\nChristopher Columbus in 1493 after discovering the island, in honor of the Virgin of La Antigua in the\nSeville Cathedral. The country is nicknamed \"Land of 365 Beaches\" due to the many beaches\nsurrounding the islands. Its governance, language, and culture have all been strongly influenced by the\nBritish Empire, of which the country was formerly a part, gaining sovereignty on 1 November 1981. It\nremains a member of the Commonwealth and Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Antigua and Barbuda.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Antigua and Barbuda.pdf"}, {"Title": "Ethiopia Population", "doc_id": 180, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "18138682", "Y-max": "106415791", "Description": "Coordinates: 8\u00b0N 38\u00b0En / n8\u00b0N 38\u00b0En / 8; 38Ethiopia (/ninqinonpin/; Amharic: nnnnn,\nnntynnnyn,  listen (help\u00b7info)), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (nnnnnn\nnnnnn nnnnnnn nnnnn, yenntiyonnya Fndnralawn Dnmokirasnyawn Rnpebilnk\n listen (help\u00b7info)), is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north\nand northeast, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the\nsouth. With over 102 million inhabitants, Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world\nand the second-most populous nation on the African continent. It occupies a total area of 1,100,000\nsquare kilometres (420,000 sq mi), and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa.Some of the oldest\nskeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia. It is widely considered\nas the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond.\nAccording to linguists, the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the\nensuing Neolithic era. Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BC, Ethiopia's governmental system was\na monarchy for most of its history. In the first centuries AD, the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified\ncivilization in the region, followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137. During the late 19th-century\nScramble for Africa, Ethiopia was one of the nations to retain its sovereignty from long-term colonialism\nby a European colonial power. Many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently\nadopted its flag colours. Ethiopia was also the first independent member from Africa of the\n20th-century League of Nations and the United Nations. In 1974, the Ethiopian monarchy under Haile\nSelassie was overthrown by the Derg, a communist military government backed by the Soviet Union. In\n1987, the Derg established the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, but it was overthrown in\n1991 by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, which has been the ruling political\ncoalition since.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Ethiopia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Ethiopia.pdf"}, {"Title": "OECD members Population", "doc_id": 181, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "763647703", "Y-max": "1314998729", "Description": "The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; French: Organisation de\ncoop\u00e9ration et de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic\norganisation with 35 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world\ntrade. It is a forum of countries describing themselves as committed to democracy and the market\neconomy, providing a platform to compare policy experiences, seeking answers to common problems,\nidentify good practices and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members. Most OECD\nmembers are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index (HDI) and are\nregarded as developed countries. OECD is an official United Nations Observer.In 1948, the OECD\noriginated as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), led by Robert Marjolin of\nFrance, to help administer the Marshall Plan (which was rejected by the Soviet Union and its satellite\nstates). This would be achieved by allocating United States financial aid and implementing economic\nprograms for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II. (Similar reconstruction aid was sent to\nthe war-torn Republic of China and post-war Korea, but not under the name \"Marshall Plan\".)\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/OECD members.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/OECD members.pdf"}, {"Title": "Isle of Man Population", "doc_id": 182, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "46508", "Y-max": "85509", "Description": "in the British Isles, Western EuropeThe Isle of Man (Manx: Ellan Vannin [nnlnnn nvannn]), also\nknown simply as Mann (/m\u00e6n/; Manx: Mannin [nmannn]), is a self-governing British Crown\ndependency in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. The head of state is\nQueen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann and is represented by a Lieutenant Governor.\nDefence is the responsibility of the United Kingdom.Ranked by the World Bank as the 5th richest\nnation in the world by GDP per capita, the largest sectors are insurance and eGaming with 17% of\nGNP each, followed by ICT and banking with 9% each.The island has been inhabited since before\n6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century and the Manx language, a branch of the\nGaelic languages, emerged. In 627, Edwin of Northumbria conquered the Isle of Man along with most\nof Mercia. In the 9th century, Norsemen established the Kingdom of the Isles. Magnus III, King of\nNorway, was also known as King of Mann and the Isles between 1099 and 1103.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Isle of Man.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Isle of Man.pdf"}, {"Title": "Iraq Population", "doc_id": 183, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "5794120", "Y-max": "38698212", "Description": "Coordinates: 33\u00b0N 44\u00b0En / n33\u00b0N 44\u00b0En / 33; 44Iraq (/nnr\u00e6k/, /nnrnnk/ ( listen) or /annr\u00e6k/;\nArabic: nnnnnnn al-\u201aIrnq; Kurdish: nnnnnn Eraq), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (Arabic:\nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn  Jumhnrnyyat al-\u201aIrnq; Kurdish: nnnnnn nnnnnn Komari Eraq), is\na country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast,\nSaudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city,\nis Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds; others include Assyrians, Turkmen,\nShabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 37\nmillion citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism and Mandeanism also present. The\nofficial languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km (36 miles) on\nthe northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain, the northwestern end of\nthe Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert. Two major rivers, the Tigris and\nEuphrates, run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf. These rivers\nprovide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Iraq.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Iraq.pdf"}, {"Title": "Swaziland Population", "doc_id": 184, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "299477", "Y-max": "1392794", "Description": "Coordinates: 26\u00b030\u00a2S 31\u00b030\u00a2En / n26.500\u00b0S 31.500\u00b0En / -26.500; 31.500\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark\ngrey) \u0152 in the African Union  (light blue)Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland\n(/nswnnznl\u00e6nd/ or /-lnnd/; Swazi: Umbuso weSwatini; sometimes called kaNgwane or Eswatini), is a\nsovereign state in Southern Africa. It is neighboured by Mozambique to its northeast and by South\nAfrica to its north, west and south; it is a landlocked country. The country and its people take their\nnames from Mswati II, the 19th-century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and\nunified.At no more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east to west,\nSwaziland is one of the smallest countries in Africa; despite this, its climate and topography are diverse,\nranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld. The population is primarily\nethnic Swazis whose language is Swati. They established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under\nthe leadership of Ngwane III; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881 in the midst of the\nscramble for Africa. After the Anglo-Boer War, Swaziland was a British protectorate from 1903 until\n1967. It regained its independence on 6 September 1968.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Swaziland.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Swaziland.pdf"}, {"Title": "Maldives Population", "doc_id": 185, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "73506", "Y-max": "433872", "Description": "The Maldives (/nmnldinvz/, /nmnnldinvz/, /nmnnldanvz/ ( listen) or /nm\u00e6ldanvz/), officially the\nRepublic of Maldives (Dhivehi Raa'jeyge Jumhooriyya), is a South Asian island country, located in the\nIndian Ocean, situated in the Arabian Sea. It lies southwest of Sri Lanka and India. The chain of 26\natolls stretches from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the north to the Addu City in the south. Comprising a\nterritory spanning roughly 298 square kilometres (115 sq mi), the Maldives is one of the world's most\ngeographically dispersed countries, as well as the smallest Asian country by both land area and\npopulation, with around 427,756 inhabitants. Mal\u00e9 is the capital and most populated city, traditionally\ncalled the \"King's Island\" for its central location.The Maldives archipelago is located atop the\nChagos-Maldives-Laccadive Ridge, a vast submarine mountain range in the Indian Ocean, which also\nforms a terrestrial ecoregion, together with the Chagos and the Lakshadweep. With an average\nground-level elevation of 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) above sea level, it is the world's lowest country, with\neven its highest natural point being the lowest in the world, at 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in). Due to the\nconsequent risks posed by rising sea-levels, the government pledged in 2009 to make the Maldives a\ncarbon-neutral country by 2019.[needs update]\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Maldives.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Maldives.pdf"}, {"Title": "Iran Islamic Rep Population", "doc_id": 186, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "18988376", "Y-max": "83195954", "Description": "Iran (Persian: nnnnnn Irnn [ninnnnnn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/npnnrnn/), officially the\nIslamic Republic of Iran (Persian: nnnnnn nnnnnn nnnnnnn Jomhuri-ye Eslnmi-ye Irnn\n( listen)), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's\n18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), it is the\nsecond-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the\nnorthwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan,[a] to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the\nnortheast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf\nand the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia\nand Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is\nthe country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Iran, Islamic Rep.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Iran, Islamic Rep.pdf"}, {"Title": "Somalia Population", "doc_id": 187, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2177844", "Y-max": "14896098", "Description": "Coordinates: 10\u00b0N 49\u00b0En / n10\u00b0N 49\u00b0En / 10; 49Somalia (/snnmnnlin, son-/ so-MAH-lee-n;\nSomali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: nnnnnnnn an-nnmnl), officially the Federal Republic of Somalia\n(Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, Arabic: nnnnnnn nnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnnn\nJumhnrnyat an-nnmnl al-Fidirnlnyah), is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by\nEthiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Indian Ocean to the\neast, and Kenya to the southwest. Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa's mainland, and its\nterrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands. Climatically, hot conditions prevail\nyear-round, with periodic monsoon winds and irregular rainfall.Somalia has an estimated population of\naround 14.3 million. Around 85% of its residents are ethnic Somalis, who have historically inhabited the\nnorthern part of the country. Ethnic minorities are largely concentrated in the southern regions. The\nofficial languages of Somalia are Somali and Arabic, both of which belong to the Afroasiatic family.\nMost people in the country are Muslim, with the majority being Sunni.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Somalia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Somalia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Europe  Central Asia Population", "doc_id": 188, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "655008937", "Y-max": "924232751", "Description": "Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in\nthe south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as \"the stans\" as the countries\ngenerally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix \"-stan\",\nmeaning \"land of\". Central Asia is sometimes referred to as Turkistan.Central Asia has a population of\nabout 70 million, consisting of five republics: Kazakhstan (pop. 18 million), Kyrgyzstan (6 million),\nTajikistan (9 million), Turkmenistan (6 million), and Uzbekistan (31 million). Afghanistan (pop. 35\nmillion), which is a part of South Asia, is also sometimes included in Central Asia.Central Asia has\nhistorically been closely tied to its nomadic peoples and the Silk Road. It has acted as a crossroads for\nthe movement of people, goods, and ideas between Europe, Western Asia, South Asia, and East Asia.\nThe Silk Road connected Muslim lands with the people of Europe, India, and China. This crossroads\nposition has intensified the conflict between tribalism and traditionalism and modernization.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Europe & Central Asia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Europe & Central Asia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Israel Population", "doc_id": 189, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1792366", "Y-max": "8868754", "Description": "Coordinates: 31\u00b0N 35\u00b0En / n31\u00b0N 35\u00b0En / 31; 35Israel (/nnzrinl, -rennl/; Hebrew:\nnnnnnnnnnnn; Arabic: nnnnnnnnnnnn), officially the State of Israel, is a country in the\nMiddle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red\nSea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the\nPalestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to\nthe southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area.\nIsrael's economy and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed\ncapital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over Jerusalem is not recognised\ninternationally.[fn 2]The Kingdoms of Israel and Judah emerged during the Iron Age. The Neo-Assyrian\nEmpire destroyed Israel around 720 BCE. Judah was later conquered by the Babylonian, Persian and\nHellenistic empires and had existed as Jewish autonomous provinces. The successful Maccabean\nRevolt led to an independent Jewish kingdom in 110 BCE, which came to an end in 63 BCE when the\nHasmonean kingdom became a client state of the Roman Republic that subsequently installed the\nHerodian dynasty in 37 BCE, and in 6 CE created the Roman province of Judea. Judea lasted as a\nRoman province until the failed Jewish revolts resulted in widespread destruction, expulsion of Jewish\npopulation and the renaming of the region from Iudaea to Syria Palaestina. Jewish presence in the\nregion has persisted to a certain extent over the centuries. In the 7th century the Levant was taken\nfrom the Byzantine Empire by the Arabs and remained in Muslim control until the First Crusade of\n1099, followed by the Ayyubid conquest of 1187. The Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt extended its control\nover the Levant in the 13th century until its defeat by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. During the 19th\ncentury, national awakening among Jews led to the establishment of the Zionist movement in the\ndiaspora followed by waves of immigration to Ottoman and later British Palestine.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Israel.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Israel.pdf"}, {"Title": "Latvia Population", "doc_id": 190, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1925097", "Y-max": "2702281", "Description": "\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)  \u0152  [Legend]Latvia,\n(/nl\u00e6tvin/ ( listen); Latvian: Latvija [nlatvija]), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas\nRepublika), is an independent republic in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence,\nLatvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia in the northern region,\nLithuania in the southern, to the east is Russia, and Belarus to the southeast, as well as sharing a\nmaritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of\n64,589 km2 (24,938 sq mi). The country has a temperate seasonal climate.After centuries of Swedish,\nLivonian, Polish and Russian rule, a rule mainly executed by the Baltic German aristocracy, the\nRepublic of Latvia was established on 18 November 1918 when it broke away and declared\nindependence from Russia in the aftermath of World War I. However, by the 1930s, the country\nbecame increasingly autocratic after the coup in 1934 establishing an authoritarian regime under Knrlis\nUlmanis. The country's de facto independence was interrupted at the outset of World War II, beginning\nwith Latvia's forcible incorporation into the Soviet Union, followed by the invasion and occupation by\nNazi Germany in 1941, and the re-occupation by the Soviets in 1944 to form the Latvian SSR for the\nnext fifty years. The peaceful Singing Revolution, starting in 1987, called for Baltic emancipation from\nSoviet rule and condemning the \"Stalinist\" regime's illegal takeover. It ended with the Declaration on\nthe Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia on 4 May 1990, and restoring de facto\nindependence on 21 August 1991.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Latvia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Latvia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Sudan Population", "doc_id": 191, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "5942774", "Y-max": "41180544", "Description": "The Sudan or Sudan (English pronunciation (U.S.) /sund\u00e6n, sun-/ ( listen), (GB) /sundnnn, -nd\u00e6n/;\nArabic: nnnnnnnn as-Sndnn) also known as North Sudan since South Sudan's independence and\nofficially the Republic of the Sudan (Arabic: nnnnnnn nnnnnnnn Jumhnriyyat as-Sndnn), is a\ncountry in Northern Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the\neast, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and\nLibya to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa covering 1,886,068 square kilometres\n(728,215 sq mi). The White Nile flows through the country, emptying into Lake Nubia in the north, the\nlargest manmade lake in the world. The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves.\nBefore the Sudanese Civil War, South Sudan was part of Sudan, but it became independent in 2011.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Sudan.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Sudan.pdf"}, {"Title": "Uganda Population", "doc_id": 192, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "5053226", "Y-max": "43222952", "Description": "Coordinates: 1\u00b0N 32\u00b0En / n1\u00b0N 32\u00b0En / 1; 32\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) \u0152 in the African\nUnion  (light blue)Uganda (/junnn\u00e6ndn, -nnnnn-/ yoo-GA(H)N-dn), officially the Republic of\nUganda (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Uganda), is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east\nby Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the\nsouth-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a\nsubstantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda is in the African Great\nLakes region. Uganda also lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but generally a modified\nequatorial climate.Uganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom, which encompasses a large\nportion of the south of the country, including the capital Kampala. The people of Uganda were\nhunter-gatherers until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago, when Bantu-speaking populations migrated to the\nsouthern parts of the country.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Uganda.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Uganda.pdf"}, {"Title": "Austria Population", "doc_id": 193, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "6962548", "Y-max": "8832348", "Description": "Coordinates: 47\u00b020\u00a2N 13\u00b020\u00a2En / n47.333\u00b0N 13.333\u00b0En / 47.333; 13.333\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark\ngrey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)  \u0152  [Legend]Austria (/nnstrin/ ( listen); German: \u00d6sterreich\n[n\u00f8nstnnran\u00e7] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik \u00d6sterreich,\n listen (help\u00b7info)), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central\nEurope. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the\neast, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of\nAustria covers 83,879 km2 (32,386 sq mi). The terrain is highly mountainous, lying within the Alps; only\n32% of the country is below 500 m (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 m (12,461 ft). The majority\nof the population speaks local Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its\nstandard form is the country's official language. local official languages are Hungarian, Burgenland\nCroatian, and Slovene.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Austria.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Austria.pdf"}, {"Title": "Channel Islands Population", "doc_id": 194, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "106663", "Y-max": "167297", "Description": "The Channel Islands (Norman: \u00celes d'la Manche, French: \u00celes Anglo-Normandes or \u00celes de la\nManche[note 1]) are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. They\ninclude two Crown dependencies: the Bailiwick of Jersey, the largest of the islands; and the Bailiwick of\nGuernsey, consisting of Guernsey, Alderney, Sark and some smaller islands. They are considered the\nremnants of the Duchy of Normandy and, although they are not part of the United Kingdom, the UK is\nresponsible for the defence and international relations of the islands. The Crown dependencies are not\nmembers of the Commonwealth of Nations or of the European Union. They have a total population of\nabout 164,541, and the bailiwicks' capitals, Saint Helier and Saint Peter Port, have populations of\n33,500 and 16,488, respectively. The total area of the islands is 198 km2.The two bailiwicks have been\nadministered separately since the late 13th century. Each has its own independent laws, elections, and\nrepresentative bodies (although in modern times, politicians from the islands' legislatures are in regular\ncontact). Any institution common to both is the exception rather than the rule. The Bailiwick of\nGuernsey is divided into three jurisdictions \u0152 Guernsey, Alderney and Sark \u0152 each with its own\nlegislature.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Channel Islands.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Channel Islands.pdf"}, {"Title": "GuineaBissau Population", "doc_id": 195, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "556444", "Y-max": "1875662", "Description": "\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) \u0152 in the African Union  (light blue)Guinea-Bissau (/nnnni\nbnnsan/ ( listen)), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica da Guin\u00e9-Bissau\n[nenpublikn dn ninnn binsaw]), is a country in West Africa. It covers 36,125 square kilometres\n(13,948 sq mi) with an estimated population of 1,815,698.Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom\nof Gabu, as well as part of the Mali Empire. Parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century, while\na few others were under some rule by the Portuguese Empire since the 16th century. In the 15th\ncentury, it was colonized as Portuguese Guinea. Upon independence, declared in 1973 and recognised\nin 1974, the name of its capital, Bissau, was added to the country's name to prevent confusion with\nGuinea (formerly French Guinea). Guinea-Bissau has a history of political instability since\nindependence, and no elected president has successfully served a full five-year term.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Guinea-Bissau.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Guinea-Bissau.pdf"}, {"Title": "Costa Rica Population", "doc_id": 196, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1156828", "Y-max": "5033485", "Description": "Coordinates: 10\u00b0N 84\u00b0Wn / n10\u00b0N 84\u00b0Wn / 10; -84Costa Rica (/nknstn nrinkn/ ( listen);\nSpanish: [nkosta nrika]; \"Rich Coast\"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de\nCosta Rica), is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the\nsoutheast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Ecuador to the south of\nCocos Island. It has a population of around 4.9 million, in a land area of 51,060 square kilometers\n(19,714 square miles); over 300,000 live in the capital and largest city, San Jos\u00e9, which had a\npopulation of an estimated 333,980 in 2015.Costa Rica has been known for its stable democracy in a\nregion that has had some instability and for its highly educated workforce, most of whom speak\nEnglish. The country spends roughly 6.9% of its budget (2016) on education, compared to a global\naverage of 4.4%. Its economy, once heavily dependent on agriculture, has diversified to include\nsectors such as finance, corporate services for foreign companies, pharmaceuticals, and ecotourism.\nMany foreign companies (manufacturing and services) operate in Costa Rica's free trade zones (FTZ)\nwhere they benefit from investment and tax incentives.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Costa Rica.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Costa Rica.pdf"}, {"Title": "Haiti Population", "doc_id": 197, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "3517100", "Y-max": "11196392", "Description": "Coordinates: 19\u00b000\u00a2N 72\u00b025\u00a2Wn / n19.000\u00b0N 72.417\u00b0Wn / 19.000; -72.417Haiti (/nhenti/ ( listen);\nFrench: Ha\u00efti [a.iti]; Haitian Creole: Ayiti [ajiti]), officially the Republic of Haiti (French: R\u00e9publique\nd'Ha\u00efti; Haitian Creole: Repiblik Ayiti) and formerly called Hayti,[note 1] is a sovereign state located on\nthe island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea. It occupies the\nwestern three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti is 27,750 square\nkilometres (10,714 sq mi) in size and has an estimated 10.8 million people, making it the most\npopulous country in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the second-most populous country in\nthe Caribbean as a whole. The region was originally inhabited by the indigenous Ta\u00edno people. Spain\nlanded on the island on 5 December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus across the\nAtlantic. When Columbus initially landed in Haiti, he had thought he had found India or Asia. On\nChristmas Day 1492, Columbus' flagship the Santa Maria ran aground north of what is now Limonade.\nAs a consequence, Columbus ordered his men to salvage what they could from the ship, and he\ncreated the first European settlement in the Americas, naming it La Navidad after the day the ship was\ndestroyed.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Haiti.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Haiti.pdf"}, {"Title": "Nicaragua Population", "doc_id": 198, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1555937", "Y-max": "6368689", "Description": "Nicaragua (/nnnknnrnnnwn, -nr\u00e6n-, -njun/ ( listen); Spanish: [nikannanwa]), officially the\nRepublic of Nicaragua (Spanish:  Rep\u00fablica de Nicaragua (help\u00b7info)), is the largest country in the\nCentral American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica\nto the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the country's capital and largest city and is\nalso the third-largest city in Central America, behind Tegucigalpa and Guatemala City. The multi-ethnic\npopulation of six million includes people of indigenous, European, African, and Asian heritage. The\nmain language is Spanish. Native tribes on the Mosquito Coast speak their own languages and\nEnglish.Originally inhabited by various indigenous cultures since ancient times, the Spanish Empire\nconquered the region in the 16th century. Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821. The\nMosquito Coast followed a different historical path, with the English colonizing it in the 17th century and\nlater coming under the British rule, as well as some minor Spanish interludes in the 19th century. It\nbecame an autonomous territory of Nicaragua in 1860 and the northernmost part of it was later\ntransferred to Honduras in 1960. Since its independence, Nicaragua has undergone periods of political\nunrest, dictatorship, and fiscal crisis\u0160the most notable causes that led to the Nicaraguan Revolution of\nthe 1960s and 1970s and the Contra War of the 1980s. Nicaragua is a representative democratic\nrepublic.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Nicaragua.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Nicaragua.pdf"}, {"Title": "Turkmenistan Population", "doc_id": 199, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1400293", "Y-max": "5865508", "Description": "Coordinates: 40\u00b0N 60\u00b0En / n40\u00b0N 60\u00b0En / 40; 60Turkmenistan (/tnnrknmnnnst\u00e6n/ ( listen) or\n/tnnrkmnnnnstnnn/ ( listen); Turkmen: T\u00fcrkmenistan, pronounced [tynkmeninqtnn]), (formerly\nknown as Turkmenia) is a sovereign state in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest,\nUzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and\nthe Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. The population of the country is\n5.6 million, the lowest of the Central Asian republics.Turkmenistan has been at the crossroads of\ncivilizations for centuries. In medieval times, Merv was one of the great cities of the Islamic world and\nan important stop on the Silk Road, a caravan route used for trade with China until the mid-15th\ncentury. Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1881, Turkmenistan later figured prominently in the\nanti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1925, Turkmenistan became a constituent republic of the\nSoviet Union, Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR); it became independent upon the\ndissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Turkmenistan.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Turkmenistan.pdf"}, {"Title": "Myanmar Population", "doc_id": 200, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "19391168", "Y-max": "54480178", "Description": "in ASEAN  (dark grey)  \u0152  [Legend]Myanmar (Burmese pronunciation: [mjnm\u00e0]),[nb 1] officially the\nRepublic of the Union of Myanmar and formerly known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast\nAsia. Myanmar is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its west, Thailand and Laos to its east and\nPeople's Republic of China to its north and northeast. To its south, about one third of Myanmar's total\nperimeter of 5,876 km (3,651 mi) forms an uninterrupted coastline of 1,930 km (1,200 mi) along the\nBay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census counted the population to be 51\nmillion people. As of 2017, the population is about 54 million. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres\n(261,228 square miles) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city and former capital is\nYangon (Rangoon). Myanmar has been a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations\n(ASEAN) since 1997.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Myanmar.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Myanmar.pdf"}, {"Title": "San Marino Population", "doc_id": 201, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "14506", "Y-max": "34093", "Description": "in Europe  (dark grey)  \u0152  [Legend]San Marino (/s\u00e6n mnnrinnon/ ( listen); Italian: [san manrinno]),\nofficially the Republic of San Marino (Italian: Repubblica di San Marino), also known as the Most\nSerene Republic of San Marino (Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), is an enclaved\nmicrostate surrounded by Italy, situated on the Italian Peninsula on the northeastern side of the\nApennine Mountains. Its size is just over 61 km2 (24 sq mi), with a population of 33,562. Its capital is\nthe City of San Marino and its largest city is Serravalle. San Marino has the smallest population of all\nthe members of the Council of Europe.The country takes its name from Marinus, a stonemason\noriginating from the Roman colony on the island of Rab, in modern-day Croatia. In A.D.\n257[clarification needed], Marinus according to legend participated in the reconstruction of Rimini's city\nwalls after their destruction by Liburnian pirates. Marinus then went on to found an independent\nmonastic community on Monte Titano in A.D. 301; thus, San Marino lays claim to be the oldest extant\nsovereign state as well as the oldest constitutional republic.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/San Marino.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/San Marino.pdf"}, {"Title": "Spain Population", "doc_id": 202, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "29639097", "Y-max": "47588957", "Description": "Coordinates: 40\u00b0N 4\u00b0Wn / n40\u00b0N 4\u00b0Wn / 40; -4\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European\nUnion  (green)Spain (Spanish: Espa\u00f1a [esnpana] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish:\nReino de Espa\u00f1a),[a][b] is a country mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe, with there also\nbeing two large archipelagoes, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands\noff the African Atlantic coast, two cities, Ceuta and Melilla, on the African mainland and several small\nislands in the Alboran Sea near the African coast. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and\neast by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and\nnortheast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and\nthe Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country\n(Morocco)[h] and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary\nIslands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Spain.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Spain.pdf"}, {"Title": "Russian Federation Population", "doc_id": 203, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "118457400", "Y-max": "150128600", "Description": "Coordinates: 60\u00b0N 90\u00b0En / n60\u00b0N 90\u00b0En / 60; 90Russia (/nrnnn/ ( listen); Russian: nnnnnnn, tr.\nRossiya, IPA: [rnnsnijn]), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian:\nnnnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, IPA: [rnnsnijsknjn\nfnndnnnratsnjn]), is a sovereign country in Eurasia. At 17,125,200 square kilometres\n(6,612,100 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of\nthe Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people at the end of\nDecember 2017. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised\nthan the eastern; about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one\nof the largest cities in the world; other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk,\nYekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Russian Federation.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Russian Federation.pdf"}, {"Title": "Tuvalu Population", "doc_id": 204, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "5854", "Y-max": "11346", "Description": "Coordinates: 8\u00b031\u00a215\u00b2S 179\u00b011\u00a255\u00b2En / n8.52083\u00b0S 179.19861\u00b0En / -8.52083; 179.19861Tuvalu\n(/tunvnnlun/ ( listen) too-VAH-loo or /ntunvnnlun/ TOO-vn-loo), formerly known as the Ellice\nIslands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, about midway between Hawaii and\nAustralia, lying east-northeast of the Santa Cruz Islands (belonging to the Solomons), southeast of\nNauru, south of Kiribati, west of Tokelau, northwest of Samoa and Wallis and Futuna and north of Fiji.\nIt comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5\u00b0 to 10\u00b0 south and\nlongitude of 176\u00b0 to 180\u00b0, west of the International Date Line. Tuvalu has a population of 10,640 (2012\ncensus). Situated in Oceania, the total land area of the islands of Tuvalu is 26 square kilometres\n(10 sq mi).The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesians. The pattern of settlement that is believed\nto have occurred is that the Polynesians spread out from Samoa and Tonga into the Tuvaluan atolls,\nwith Tuvalu providing a stepping stone to migration into the Polynesian Outlier communities in\nMelanesia and Micronesia.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Tuvalu.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Tuvalu.pdf"}, {"Title": "Mauritius Population", "doc_id": 205, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "629144", "Y-max": "1293679", "Description": "Coordinates: 20\u00b012\u00a2S 57\u00b030\u00a2En / n20.2\u00b0S 57.5\u00b0En / -20.2; 57.5Mauritius (/mnnrnnns/ ( listen) or\n/mnnrnnins/; French: Maurice), officially the Republic of Mauritius (French: R\u00e9publique de Maurice),\nis an island nation in the Indian Ocean about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) off the southeast coast of the\nAfrican continent. The country includes the islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues, 560 kilometres (350 mi)\neast of Mauritius, and the outer islands (Agal\u00e9ga, St. Brandon and two disputed territories). The islands\nof Mauritius and Rodrigues form part of the Mascarene Islands, along with nearby R\u00e9union, a French\noverseas department. The area of the country is 2,040 km2 (790 sq mi). The capital and largest city is\nPort Louis. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and the African Union.Formerly a Dutch\ncolony (1638\u01521710) and a French colony (1715\u01521810), Mauritius became a British colonial possession\nin 1810 and remained so until 1968, the year in which it attained independence. The British crown\ncolony of Mauritius once included the current territories of Mauritius, Rodrigues, the outer islands of\nAgal\u00e9ga, St. Brandon, Chagos Archipelago, and Seychelles. The Mauritian territories gradually\ndevolved with the creation of a separate colony of Seychelles in 1903 and the excision of the Chagos\nArchipelago in 1965. The sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago is disputed between Mauritius and\nthe United Kingdom (UK). The UK excised the archipelago from Mauritian territory in 1965, three years\nprior to Mauritian independence. The UK gradually depopulated the archipelago's indigenous\npopulation and leased its biggest island, Diego Garcia, to the United States. Access to the archipelago\nis prohibited to casual tourists, the media, and its former inhabitants. Mauritius also claims sovereignty\nover Tromelin Island from France.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Mauritius.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Mauritius.pdf"}, {"Title": "Portugal Population", "doc_id": 206, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "8533296", "Y-max": "10670233", "Description": "\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)Portugal (Portuguese:\n[puntunnan]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica Portuguesa [nn'publikn\npuntu'nezn]),[note 1] is a sovereign state located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern\nEurope. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered to the west and south by the\nAtlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of\nthe Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments. At 1.7 million\nkm2, its Exclusive Economic Zone is the 3rd largest in the European Union and the 11th largest in the\nworld.Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest European\nnation-states, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric\ntimes. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths\nand Suebi Germanic peoples. Portugal as a country was established in the aftermath of the Christian\nReconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD. After the Battle of\nS\u00e3o Mamede, where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother,\nTheresa of Portugal, the County of Portugal affirmed its sovereignty and Afonso Henriques styled\nhimself Prince of Portugal. He would later be proclaimed King of Portugal at the Battle of Ourique in\n1139 and was recognised as such by neighbouring kingdoms in 1143.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Portugal.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Portugal.pdf"}, {"Title": "Turks and Caicos Islands Population", "doc_id": 207, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "4091", "Y-max": "36367", "Description": "in the Caribbean  (light yellow)The Turks and Caicos Islands (/tnnrks/ and /nkenkns, -kons, -kns/),\nor TCI for short, are a British Overseas Territory consisting of the larger Caicos Islands and smaller\nTurks Islands, two groups of tropical islands in the Lucayan Archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean and\nnorthern West Indies. They are known primarily for tourism and as an offshore financial centre. The\nresident population is 31,458 as of 2012[update] of whom 23,769 live on Providenciales in the Caicos\nIslands.The Turks and Caicos Islands lie southeast of Mayaguana in the Bahamas island chain and\nnorth of the island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) and the other Antilles archipelago\nislands. Cockburn Town, the capital since 1766, is situated on Grand Turk Island about 1,042\nkilometres (647 mi) east-southeast of Miami, United States. The islands have a total land area of 430\nsquare kilometres (170 sq mi).[b]\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Turks and Caicos Islands.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Turks and Caicos Islands.pdf"}, {"Title": "Postdemographic dividend Population", "doc_id": 208, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "737304011", "Y-max": "1120132267", "Description": "Demographic dividend occurs when the proportion of working people in the total population is high\nbecause this indicates that more people have the potential to be productive and contribute to growth of\nthe economy. According to the United National population research, during the last four decades the\ncountries of Asia and Latin America have been the main beneficiaries of the demographic dividend.\nAdvanced countries of Europe, Japan and USA have an aging population because of low birth rates\nand low mortality rates. Neither the least developed countries nor the countries of Africa have as yet\nexperienced favourable demographic conditions according to the research by UN population division.\nChina\u2122s one-child policy has reversed the demographic dividend it enjoyed since the mid 1960s,\naccording to a World Bank global development report.Demographic dividend, as defined by the United\nNations Population Fund (UNFPA) means, \ufb01the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in\na population\u2122s age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger\nthan the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older).\ufb02 In other words,\nit is \ufb01a boost in economic productivity that occurs when there are growing numbers of people in the\nworkforce relative to the number of dependents.\ufb02 UNFPA stated that, \ufb01A country with both increasing\nnumbers of young people and declining fertility has the potential to reap a demographic dividend.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Post-demographic dividend.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Post-demographic dividend.pdf"}, {"Title": "Other small states Population", "doc_id": 209, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "8156949", "Y-max": "31023183", "Description": "A microstate or ministate is a sovereign state having a very small population or very small land area,\nand usually both. The meanings of \"state\" and \"very small\" are not well-defined in international law.\nRecent attempts, since 2010, to define microstates have focused on identifying political entities with\nunique qualitative features linked to their geographic or demographic limitations. According to a\nqualitative definition, microstates are: \"modern protected states, i.e. sovereign states that have been\nable to unilaterally depute certain attributes of sovereignty to larger powers in exchange for benign\nprotection of their political and economic viability against their geographic or demographic constraints.\"\nIn line with this and most other definitions, examples of microstates include: Liechtenstein, Monaco,\nSan Marino, Andorra, the Cook Islands, Niue and the Federated States of Micronesia.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Other small states.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Other small states.pdf"}, {"Title": "Paraguay Population", "doc_id": 210, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1661753", "Y-max": "6966429", "Description": "Coordinates: 23\u00b0S 58\u00b0Wn / n23\u00b0S 58\u00b0Wn / -23; -58in South America  (grey)Paraguay\n(/np\u00e6rnnwan/; Spanish pronunciation: [panannwaj]; Guarani: Paragu\u00e1i, [panannwaj]), officially the\nRepublic of Paraguay (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica del Paraguay; Guarani: Tet\u00e3 Paragu\u00e1i), is a landlocked\ncountry in central South America, bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east\nand northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which\nruns through the center of the country from north to south. Due to its central location in South America,\nit is sometimes referred to as Coraz\u00f3n de Sudam\u00e9rica (\"Heart of South America\"). Paraguay is one of\nthe two landlocked countries (the other is Bolivia) outside Afro-Eurasia, and is the smallest landlocked\ncountry in the Americas.The indigenous Guaran\u00ed had been living in eastern Paraguay for at least a\nmillennium before the Spanish arrived in the 16th century. Western Paraguay, the Gran Chaco, was\ninhabited by nomads of whom the Guaycuru peoples were the most prominent. In the 17th century,\nJesuit missions introduced Christianity and Spanish culture to the region. Paraguay was a peripheral\ncolony of the Spanish Empire, with few urban centers and settlers. Following independence from Spain\nin 1811, Paraguay was ruled by a series of dictators who generally implemented isolationist and\nprotectionist policies.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Paraguay.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Paraguay.pdf"}, {"Title": "Mongolia Population", "doc_id": 211, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "851910", "Y-max": "3130992", "Description": "Mongolia /mnnnnonlin/ ( listen) (Monggol Ulus in Mongolian; nnnnnn nnn in Mongolian Cyrillic)\nis a landlocked unitary sovereign state in East Asia. Its area is roughly equivalent with the historical\nterritory of Outer Mongolia, and that term is sometimes used to refer to the current state. It is\nsandwiched between China to the south and Russia to the north. Mongolia does not share a border\nwith Kazakhstan, although only 37 kilometres (23 mi) separates them.At 1,564,116 square kilometres\n(603,909 sq mi), Mongolia is the 18th largest and the most sparsely populated fully sovereign country\nin the world, with a population of around 3 million people. It is also the world's second-largest\nlandlocked country behind Kazakhstan and the largest landlocked country that does not border a\nclosed sea. The country contains very little arable land, as much of its area is covered by grassy\nsteppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the\ncapital and largest city, is home to about 45% of the country's population.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Mongolia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Mongolia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Bahrain Population", "doc_id": 212, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "99289", "Y-max": "1488308", "Description": "Bahrain (/bnnnrenn/ ( listen); Arabic: nnnnnnnn al-Banrayn IPA: [an banrajn] ( listen)), officially\nthe Kingdom of Bahrain (Arabic: nnnnn nnnnnnnn  Mamlakat al-Banrayn), is an Arab\nconstitutional monarchy in the Persian Gulf. It is an island country consisting of a small archipelago\ncentered around Bahrain Island, situated between the Qatar peninsula and the north eastern coast of\nSaudi Arabia, to which it is connected by the 25-kilometre (16 mi) King Fahd Causeway. Bahrain's\npopulation is 1,234,571 (c. 2010), including 666,172 non-nationals. It is 765.3 square kilometres\n(295.5 sq mi) in size, making it the third-smallest nation in Asia after the Maldives and\nSingapore.Bahrain is the site of the ancient Dilmun civilisation. It has been famed since antiquity for its\npearl fisheries, which were considered the best in the world into the 19th century. Bahrain was one of\nthe earliest areas to convert to Islam (AD 628). Following a period of Arab rule, Bahrain was occupied\nby the Portuguese in 1521, who in turn were expelled in 1602 by Shah Abbas I of the Safavid dynasty\nunder the Persian Empire. In 1783, the Bani Utbah clan captured Bahrain from Nasr Al-Madhkur and it\nhas since been ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family, with Ahmed al Fateh as Bahrain's first hakim. In the\nlate 1800s, following successive treaties with the British, Bahrain became a protectorate of the United\nKingdom. In 1971, Bahrain declared independence. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a\nKingdom in 2002. In 2011, the country experienced protests inspired by the regional Arab Spring.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Bahrain.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Bahrain.pdf"}, {"Title": "Heavily indebted poor countries HIPC Population", "doc_id": 213, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "133390210", "Y-max": "773708345", "Description": "The heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) are a group of 37 developing countries with high levels of\npoverty and debt overhang which are eligible for special assistance from the International Monetary\nFund (IMF) and the World Bank.The HIPC Initiative was initiated by the International Monetary Fund\nand the World Bank in 1996, following extensive lobbying by NGOs and other bodies. It provides debt\nrelief and low-interest loans to cancel or reduce external debt repayments to sustainable levels,\nmeaning they can repay debts in a timely fashion in the future. To be considered for the initiative,\ncountries must face an unsustainable debt burden which cannot be managed with traditional means.\nAssistance is conditional on the national governments of these countries meeting a range of economic\nmanagement and performance targets and undertaking economic and social reforms.[which?]As of\nJanuary 2012, the HIPC Initiative had identified 39 countries (33 of which are in Sub-Saharan Africa)\nas being potentially eligible to receive debt relief. The 36 countries that have so far received full or\npartial debt relief are: Tanzania Is now[when?] not part of the HIPC.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC).png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC).pdf"}, {"Title": "Luxembourg Population", "doc_id": 214, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "300519", "Y-max": "596422", "Description": "Coordinates: 49\u00b045\u00a2N 6\u00b010\u00a2En / n49.750\u00b0N 6.167\u00b0En / 49.750; 6.167\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey)\n\u0152 in the European Union  (green)Luxembourg (/nlnksnmbnnrn/ ( listen)) (Luxembourgish:\nL\u00ebtzebuerg [nlntsnbunnnn] ( listen); French: Luxembourg, German: Luxemburg), officially the Grand\nDuchy of Luxembourg,[note 1] is a landlocked country in western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to\nthe west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Its capital, Luxembourg City,\ntogether with Brussels and Strasbourg, is one of the three official capitals of the European Union and\nthe seat of the European Court of Justice, the highest judicial authority in the EU. Its culture, people\nand languages are highly intertwined with its neighbours, making it essentially a mixture of French and\nGermanic cultures, as evident by the nation's three official languages: French, German, and the\nnational language, Luxembourgish (sometimes considered a dialect of German). The repeated\ninvasions by Germany, especially in World War II, resulted in the country's strong will for mediation\nbetween France and Germany and, among other things, led to the foundation of the European Union.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Luxembourg.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Luxembourg.pdf"}, {"Title": "Low income Population", "doc_id": 215, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "129440037", "Y-max": "684502801", "Description": "Poverty is the scarcity or the lack of a certain (variant) amount of material possessions or money.\nPoverty is a multifaceted concept, which may include social, economic, and political elements.\nAbsolute poverty, extreme poverty, or destitution refers to the complete lack of the means necessary to\nmeet basic personal needs such as food, clothing and shelter.The threshold at which absolute poverty\nis defined is considered to be about the same, independent of the person's permanent location or era.\nOn the other hand, relative poverty occurs when a person who lives in a given country does not enjoy a\ncertain minimum level of \"living standards\" as compared to the rest of the population of that country.\nTherefore, the threshold at which relative poverty is defined varies from country to another, or from one\nsociety to another.Providing basic needs can be restricted by constraints on government's ability to\ndeliver services, such as corruption, tax avoidance, debt and loan conditionalities and by the brain\ndrain of health care and educational professionals. Strategies of increasing income to make basic\nneeds more affordable typically include welfare, economic freedoms and providing financial services.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Low income.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Low income.pdf"}, {"Title": "SubSaharan Africa excluding high income Population", "doc_id": 216, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "188257434", "Y-max": "1073237840", "Description": "Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.\nAccording to the United Nations, it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located\nsouth of the Sahara. It contrasts with North Africa, whose territories are part of the League of Arab\nstates within the Arab world. Somalia, Djibouti, Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in\nSub-Saharan Africa, but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world.The Sahel is the\ntransitional zone in between the Sahara and the tropical savanna of the Sudan region and farther south\nthe forest-savanna mosaic of tropical Africa.Since probably 3500 BCE, the Saharan and Sub-Saharan\nregions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated\nSahara, forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan, though the Nile was blocked\nby the river's cataracts. The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna (including Homo\nsapiens) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond. African pluvial periods are associated\nwith a \"wet Sahara\" phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income).png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income).pdf"}, {"Title": "Serbia Population", "doc_id": 217, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1988", "X-max": "2017", "Y-min": "7023550", "Y-max": "7768500", "Description": "Coordinates: 44\u00b0N 21\u00b0En / n44\u00b0N 21\u00b0En / 44; 21Serbia (/nsnnrbin/ ( listen), Serbian: nnnnnn /\nSrbija, IPA: [snnbija]), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: nnnnnnnnn nnnnnn / Republika\nSrbija), is a sovereign state situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe in the southern\nPannonian Plain and the central Balkans. It borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the\neast; Macedonia to the south; Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro to the west and claims a\nborder with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia numbers around 7 million\nresidents. Its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the oldest and largest cities in Southeastern\nEurope.Following the Slavic migrations to the Balkans postdating the 6th century, Serbs established\nseveral states in the early Middle Ages. The Serbian Kingdom obtained recognition by Rome and the\nByzantine Empire in 1217, reaching its peak in 1346 as a relatively short-lived Serbian Empire. By the\nmid-16th century, the entire modern-day Serbia was annexed by the Ottomans, at times interrupted by\nthe Habsburg Empire, which started expanding towards Central Serbia from the end of the 17th\ncentury, while maintaining a foothold in modern-day Vojvodina. In the early 19th century, the Serbian\nRevolution established the nation-state as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which\nsubsequently expanded its territory. Following disastrous casualties in World War I, and the\nsubsequent unification of the former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina (and other territories) with\nSerbia, the country co-founded Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples, which would exist in\nvarious political formations until the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. During the breakup of Yugoslavia,\nSerbia formed a union with Montenegro, which dissolved peacefully in 2006. In 2008, the parliament of\nthe province of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence, with mixed responses from the\ninternational community.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Serbia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Serbia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Mali Population", "doc_id": 218, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "4627177", "Y-max": "18631392", "Description": "Coordinates: 17\u00b0N 4\u00b0Wn / n17\u00b0N 4\u00b0Wn / 17; -4Mali (/nmnnli/ ( listen); French: [mali]), officially the\nRepublic of Mali (French: R\u00e9publique du Mali), is a landlocked country in West Africa, a region\ngeologically identified with the West African Craton. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an\narea of just over 1,240,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi). The population of Mali is 18 million. Its\ncapital is Bamako. Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the\nmiddle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live,\nfeatures the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and fishing. Some\nof Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the\nAfrican continent, and salt. About half the population lives below the international poverty line of $1.25\n(U.S.) a day. A majority of the population (90%) are Muslims.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Mali.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Mali.pdf"}, {"Title": "Suriname Population", "doc_id": 219, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "276545", "Y-max": "571788", "Description": "Coordinates: 4\u00b0N 56\u00b0Wn / n4\u00b0N 56\u00b0Wn / 4; -56in South America  (grey)Suriname (/nsnrnn\u00e6m/,\n/-nnnm/ or /-nnm/, also spelled Surinam), officially known as the Republic of Suriname (Dutch:\nRepubliek Suriname [nrenpynblik nsynrinnanmn]), is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic\ncoast of South America. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, France (through French\nGuiana) to the east, Guyana to the west and Brazil to the south. At just under 165,000 square\nkilometers (64,000 square miles), it is the smallest country in South America.[note 1] Suriname has a\npopulation of approximately 558,368, most of whom live on the country's north coast, in and around the\ncapital and largest city, Paramaribo.Suriname was long inhabited by indigenous tribal peoples with\ndiverse cultures, before being explored and contested by European powers from the 16th century, and\neventually coming under Dutch rule in the late 17th century. In 1954, the country became one of the\nconstituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. On 25 November 1975, the country of\nSuriname left the Kingdom of the Netherlands to become an independent state, nonetheless\nmaintaining close economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties to its former colonizer. Its indigenous peoples\nhave been increasingly active in claiming land rights and working to preserve their traditional lands and\nhabitats.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Suriname.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Suriname.pdf"}, {"Title": "Bangladesh Population", "doc_id": 220, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "42462156", "Y-max": "168689150", "Description": "Coordinates: 23\u00b048\u00a2N 90\u00b018\u00a2En / n23.8\u00b0N 90.3\u00b0En / 23.8; 90.3Bangladesh\n(/nb\u00e6nnlnndnn/ ( listen) or /nbnnn-/; Bengali: nnnnnnnn Bnnlndnna,\npronounced [nbanladnen] ( listen), lit. \"The country of Bengal\"), officially the People's Republic of\nBangladesh (nnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn Ganaprajntantrn Bnnlndnna), is a country in\nSouth Asia. It shares land borders with India and Myanmar (Burma). Nepal, Bhutan and China are\nlocated near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it. The country's maritime territory in the Bay of\nBengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area. Bangladesh is the world's eighth most populous\ncountry. Dhaka is its capital and largest city, followed by Chittagong, which has the country's largest\nport. Bangladesh forms the largest and easternmost part of the Bengal region. Bangladeshis include\npeople from a range of ethnic groups and religions. Bengalis, who speak the official Bengali language,\nmake up 98% of the population. The politically dominant Bengali Muslims make the nation the world's\nthird largest Muslim-majority country.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Bangladesh.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Bangladesh.pdf"}, {"Title": "Burkina Faso Population", "doc_id": 221, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "4138430", "Y-max": "19337290", "Description": "Coordinates: 13\u00b0N 2\u00b0Wn / n13\u00b0N 2\u00b0Wn / 13; -2\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) \u0152 in the African\nUnion  (light blue)  \u0152  [Legend]Burkina Faso (UK: /bnnrnkinnn nf\u00e6son/, US: /nfnnson/ ( listen);\nFrench: [bunkina faso]) is a landlocked country in West Africa. It covers an area of around 274,200\nsquare kilometres (105,900 sq mi) and is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north; Niger to the\neast; Benin to the southeast; Togo and Ghana to the south; and Ivory Coast to the southwest. Its\ncapital is Ouagadougou. In 2014 its population was estimated at just over 17.3 million. Burkina Faso is\na francophone country, with French as an official language of government and business. Formerly\ncalled the Republic of Upper Volta (1958\u01521984), the country was renamed \"Burkina Faso\" on 4 August\n1984 by then-President Thomas Sankara. Its citizens are known as Burkinab\u00e9 (/bnnrnkinnnben/\nbur-KEE-nn-beh).\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Burkina Faso.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Burkina Faso.pdf"}, {"Title": "Thailand Population", "doc_id": 222, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "25323858", "Y-max": "70936830", "Description": "Coordinates: 15\u00b024\u00a2N 101\u00b018\u00a2En / n15.4\u00b0N 101.3\u00b0En / 15.4; 101.3in ASEAN  (dark grey)  \u0152 \n[Legend]Thailand (/ntanl\u00e6nd/ TY-land), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as\nSiam, is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the\nnorth by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand\nand Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its\nmaritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India\non the Andaman Sea to the southwest. The capital and largest city is Bangkok. With around 69 million\npeople, Thailand is the 20th-most-populous country in the world.Thai people migrated from\nsouthwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia over a period of many centuries. The oldest known\nmention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese is in a 12th-century inscription at the\nKhmer temple complex of Angkor Wat in Cambodia, which refers to syam, or \"dark brown\", people.\nVarious Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon, the Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region,\ncompeting with Thai states such as Ngoenyang, the Sukhothai Kingdom, the Kingdom of Chiang Mai,\nLan Na and the Ayutthaya Kingdom, which also fought each other. Europeans arrived in the 16th\ncentury, beginning with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya in 1511. The ensuing centuries\nsaw various European colonial powers vying for control of the region, with Thailand sustaining\nterritorial losses to the French and British, but remaining the only Southeast Asian state to avoid\ncolonization. Starting with the reign of King Rama IV in the mid-19th century, Thailand embarked on a\nnation-building campaign to modernize along Western lines. This culminated with the end of absolute\nmonarchy in 1932 and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. However, the following sixty\nyears saw almost continuous military rule punctuated by periods of parliamentary democracy, with the\nmost recent coup occurring in May 2014.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Thailand.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Thailand.pdf"}, {"Title": "Korea Rep Population", "doc_id": 223, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "23700707", "Y-max": "52557373", "Description": "Coordinates: 36\u00b0N 128\u00b0En / n36\u00b0N 128\u00b0En / 36; 128South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea\n(abbreviated ROK), is a sovereign state in East Asia constituting the southern part of the Korean\nPeninsula. South Koreans lead a distinctive urban lifestyle, as half of them live in high-rises\nconcentrated in the Seoul Capital Area with 25 million residents.The earliest neolithic Korean pottery\ndates to 8000 BC, with three kingdoms flourishing in the 1st century BC. The name Korea is derived\nfrom one of them, Goguryeo, which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time, ruling\nmost of the Korean Peninsula, Manchuria, some parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia,\nunder Gwanggaeto the Great. Since the unification of the Korean kingdoms into Unified Silla and\nBalhae in the 7th century, Korea enjoyed over a millennium of relative tranquility under long-lasting\ndynasties. Koreans developed improved versions of many advanced innovations such as the metal\nmovable type printing press, which used to print and publish the Jikji, the world's oldest extant movable\nmetal type printed paper book in 1377. By the 15th century, Koreans had one of the highest living\nstandards in East Asia, and Sejong the Great invented Hangul to promote literacy amongst the general\nKorean population, enabling anyone to easily learn to read and write and transfer written information\nrather than spend years in learning complicated Hanja. Its rich and vibrant culture left 19 UNESCO\nIntangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity, the third largest in the world, along with 12 World Heritage\nSites.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Korea, Rep.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Korea, Rep.pdf"}, {"Title": "Pacific island small states Population", "doc_id": 224, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "789655", "Y-max": "2465028", "Description": "Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are maritime countries that tend to share similar sustainable\ndevelopment challenges, including small but growing populations, limited resources, remoteness,\nsusceptibility to natural disasters, vulnerability to external shocks, excessive dependence on\ninternational trade, and fragile environments. Their growth and development is also held back by high\ncommunication, energy and transportation costs, irregular international transport volumes,\ndisproportionately expensive public administration and infrastructure due to their small size, and little to\nno opportunity to create economies of scale.The SIDS were first recognized as a distinct group of\ndeveloping countries at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in June\n1992. The Barbados Programme of Action was produced in 1994 to assist the SIDS in their\nsustainable development efforts. The United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least\nDeveloped Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States\n(UN-OHRLLS) represents this group of states.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Pacific island small states.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Pacific island small states.pdf"}, {"Title": "Middle East  North Africa IDA  IBRD countries Population", "doc_id": 225, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "84271279", "Y-max": "382733975", "Description": "MENA is an English-language acronym referring to the Middle East and North Africa region. The term\ncovers an extensive region, extending from Morocco to Iran, including all Mashriq and Maghreb\ncountries. This toponym is roughly synonymous with the term the Greater Middle East.The population\nof the MENA region at its least extent is estimated to be around 381 million people. This constitutes\nabout 6% of the total world population. The MENA acronym is often used in academia, military\nplanning, disaster relief, media planning as a broadcast region, and business writing.Due to the\ngeographic ambiguity and Eurocentric nature of the term \"Middle East\", some people prefer use of the\nterms Arab World, WANA (West Asia and North Africa) or the less common NAWA (North Africa-West\nAsia). Both the Arab World and MENA region remain the most common terms and are used by most\norganizations, academia, and political entities flexibly, including those in the region itself. The World\nBank, UNDP and even the UNSC all use both terms.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries).png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries).pdf"}, {"Title": "Cabo Verde Population", "doc_id": 226, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "185447", "Y-max": "556422", "Description": "\u0152 in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) \u0152 in the African Union  (light blue)Cape Verde (/nkenp nvnnrd/) or\nCabo Verde (/nknnbon nvnnrden/, /nk\u00e6b-/) (Portuguese: Cabo Verde, pronounced [nkabu\nnven\u00f0n]), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10\nvolcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean. It forms part of the Macaronesia Ecoregion, along with\nthe Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles. In ancient time these islands were referred\nto as \"the Islands of the Blessed\" or the \"Fortunate Isles\". Located 570 kilometres (350 mi) west of the\nCape Verde Peninsula in West Africa, the islands cover a combined area of slightly over 4,000 square\nkilometres (1,500 sq mi).The Cape Verde archipelago was uninhabited until the 15th century, when\nPortuguese explorers discovered and colonized the islands, establishing the first European settlement\nin the tropics. Ideally located for the Atlantic slave trade, the islands grew prosperous throughout the\n16th and 17th centuries, attracting merchants, privateers, and pirates. The end of slavery in the 19th\ncentury led to economic decline and emigration. Cape Verde gradually recovered as an important\ncommercial center and stopover for shipping routes. Incorporated as an overseas department of\nPortugal in 1951, the islands continued to agitate for independence, which was peacefully achieved in\n1975.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Cabo Verde.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Cabo Verde.pdf"}, {"Title": "Kuwait Population", "doc_id": 227, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "80469", "Y-max": "4241732", "Description": "Coordinates: 29\u00b030\u00a2N 45\u00b045\u00a2En / n29.500\u00b0N 45.750\u00b0En / 29.500; 45.750Kuwait (/knnwent/ ( listen);\nArabic: nnnnnnn al-Kuwait, Gulf Arabic pronunciation: [nlnnkwent] or [lnkwent]), officially the\nState of Kuwait (Arabic: nnnn nnnnnnn  Dawlat al-Kuwait), is a country in Western Asia. Situated\nin the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, it shares borders with Iraq and\nSaudi Arabia. As of 2016[update], Kuwait has a population of 4.2 million people; 1.3 million are\nKuwaitis and 2.9 million are expatriates. Expatriates account for 70% of the population.Oil reserves\nwere discovered in commercial quantities in 1938. From 1946 to 1982, the country underwent\nlarge-scale modernization. In the 1980s, Kuwait experienced a period of geopolitical instability and an\neconomic crisis following the stock market crash. In 1990, Kuwait was invaded, and later annexed, by\nSaddam\u2122s Iraq. The Iraqi occupation came to an end in 1991 after military intervention by coalition\nforces. At the end of the war, there were extensive efforts to revive the economy and rebuild national\ninfrastructure.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Kuwait.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Kuwait.pdf"}, {"Title": "South Africa Population", "doc_id": 228, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "15470742", "Y-max": "57834489", "Description": "in the African Union  (light blue)[Note 1]South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is\nthe southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of\ncoastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; on the north by the\nneighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and on the east and northeast by\nMozambique and Swaziland; and surrounds the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest\ncountry in Southern Africa and the 25th-largest country in the world by land area and, with close to 56\nmillion people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland\nof the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan\nAfrican ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages, nine\nof which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of\nEuropean (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/South Africa.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/South Africa.pdf"}, {"Title": "Dominica Population", "doc_id": 229, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "59242", "Y-max": "76143", "Description": "Coordinates: 15\u00b025\u00a2N 61\u00b020\u00a2Wn / n15.417\u00b0N 61.333\u00b0Wn / 15.417; -61.333in the Caribbean  (light\nyellow)Dominica (/dnnmnnnnkn/ ( listen) or /ndnmnnninkn/; French: Dominique; Island Carib:\nWai\u201atu kubuli), officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island republic. The capital, Roseau, is\nlocated on the leeward side of the island. It is part of the Windward Islands in the Lesser Antilles\narchipelago in the Caribbean Sea. The island lies south-southeast of Guadeloupe and northwest of\nMartinique. Its area is 750 km2 (290 sq mi), and the highest point is Morne Diablotins, at 1,447 m\n(4,747 ft) in elevation. The population was 71,293 at the 2011 census.The island was originally\ninhabited by the Kalinago and later colonised by Europeans, predominantly by the French from the\n1690s to 1763. Columbus is said to have passed the island on Sunday, 3 November 1493, and the\nisland's name is derived from the Latin for \"Sunday\". Great Britain took possession in 1763 after the\nSeven Years' War, and it gradually established English as its official language. The island republic\ngained independence in 1978.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Dominica.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Dominica.pdf"}, {"Title": "Middle income Population", "doc_id": 230, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1951517718", "Y-max": "5766229469", "Description": "The middle class is a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy. In Weberian socio-economic\nterms, the middle class is the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall\nsocio-economically between the working class and upper class. The common measures of what\nconstitutes middle class vary significantly among cultures. A sizable and healthy middle-class can be\nviewed as a characteristic of a healthy society.The term \"middle class\" is first attested in James\nBradshaw's 1745 pamphlet Scheme to prevent running Irish Wools to France. Another phrase used in\nEarly modern Europe was \"the middling sort\".The term \"middle class\" has had several, sometimes\ncontradictory, meanings. It was once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the\nnobility and the peasantry of Europe.[by whom?] While the nobility owned the countryside, and the\npeasantry worked the countryside, a new bourgeoisie (literally \"town-dwellers\") arose around\nmercantile functions in the city. In France, the middle classes helped drive the French Revolution.\nAnother definition equated the middle class to the original meaning of capitalist: someone with so much\ncapital that they could rival nobles. In fact, to be a capital-owning millionaire was the essential criterion\nof the middle class in the industrial revolution.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Middle income.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Middle income.pdf"}, {"Title": "France Population", "doc_id": 231, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "45810143", "Y-max": "67900202", "Description": "\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)France (French: [fnnns]), officially\nthe French Republic (French: R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise [nepyblik fnnnsnz]), is a country whose territory\nconsists of metropolitan France in western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and\nterritories.[XIII] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English\nChannel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. The overseas territories include\nFrench Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The\ncountry's 18 integral regions (five of which are situated overseas) span a combined area of 643,801\nsquare kilometres (248,573 sq mi) which, as of October 2017, has a population of 67.15 million people.\nFrance is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main\ncultural and commercial centre. major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and\nBordeaux.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/France.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/France.pdf"}, {"Title": "South Asia Population", "doc_id": 232, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "512130871", "Y-max": "1826109763", "Description": "South Asia or Southern Asia (also known as Indian subcontinent) is a term used to represent the\nsouthern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for\nsome authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east. Topographically, it is dominated by the\nIndian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the\nHimalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land\n(clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.The current\nterritories of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka form\nSouth Asia. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic\ncooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations\ncomprising South Asia.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/South Asia.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/South Asia.pdf"}, {"Title": "Europe  Central Asia excluding high income Population", "doc_id": 233, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "272171102", "Y-max": "424341478", "Description": "Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in\nthe south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as \"the stans\" as the countries\ngenerally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix \"-stan\",\nmeaning \"land of\". Central Asia is sometimes referred to as Turkistan.Central Asia has a population of\nabout 70 million, consisting of five republics: Kazakhstan (pop. 18 million), Kyrgyzstan (6 million),\nTajikistan (9 million), Turkmenistan (6 million), and Uzbekistan (31 million). Afghanistan (pop. 35\nmillion), which is a part of South Asia, is also sometimes included in Central Asia.Central Asia has\nhistorically been closely tied to its nomadic peoples and the Silk Road. It has acted as a crossroads for\nthe movement of people, goods, and ideas between Europe, Western Asia, South Asia, and East Asia.\nThe Silk Road connected Muslim lands with the people of Europe, India, and China. This crossroads\nposition has intensified the conflict between tribalism and traditionalism and modernization.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income).png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income).pdf"}, {"Title": "Solomon Islands Population", "doc_id": 234, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "93788", "Y-max": "623496", "Description": "Coordinates: 8\u00b0S 159\u00b0En / n8\u00b0S 159\u00b0En / -8; 159Solomon Islands is a sovereign country consisting of\nsix major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania lying to the east of Papua New Guinea and\nnorthwest of Vanuatu and covering a land area of 28,400 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi). The\ncountry's capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal. The country takes its name from the\nSolomon Islands archipelago, which is a collection of Melanesian islands that also includes the North\nSolomon Islands (part of Papua New Guinea), but excludes outlying islands, such as Rennell and\nBellona, and the Santa Cruz Islands.The islands have been inhabited for thousands of years. In 1568,\nthe Spanish navigator \u00c1lvaro de Menda\u00f1a was the first European to visit them, naming them the Islas\nSalom\u00f3n. Britain defined its area of interest in the Solomon Islands archipelago in June 1893, when\nCaptain Gibson R.N., of HMS Curacoa, declared the southern Solomon Islands a British protectorate.\nDuring World War II, the Solomon Islands campaign (1942\u01521945) saw fierce fighting between the\nUnited States and the Empire of Japan, such as in the Battle of Guadalcanal.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Solomon Islands.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Solomon Islands.pdf"}, {"Title": "Macao SAR China Population", "doc_id": 235, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "145577", "Y-max": "634385", "Description": "Macau (/mnnkan/ ( listen)), also spelled Macao and officially the Macao Special Administrative\nRegion of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory of China on the western side of\nthe Pearl River estuary in East Asia. Macau is bordered by the city of Zhuhai in Mainland China to the\nnorth and the Pearl River Delta to the east and south. Hong Kong lies about 64 kilometres (40 mi) to its\neast across the Delta. With a population of 650,900 living in an area of 30.5 km2 (11.8 sq mi), it is the\nmost densely populated region in the world. A former Portuguese colony, it was returned to Chinese\nsovereignty on 20 December 1999.Macau was administered by the Portuguese Empire and its inheritor\nstates from the mid-16th century until late 1999, when it constituted the last remaining European\ncolony in Asia. Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 1550s. In 1557, Macau was leased to\nPortugal from Ming China as a trading port. The Portuguese Empire administered the city under\nChinese authority and sovereignty until 1887, when Macau became a colony through a mutual\nagreement between the two countries. Sovereignty over Macau was transferred back to China on 20\nDecember 1999. The Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau and Macau Basic Law stipulate that\nMacau operate with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2049, fifty years after the transfer.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Macao SAR, China.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Macao SAR, China.pdf"}, {"Title": "Guyana Population", "doc_id": 236, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "561323", "Y-max": "792227", "Description": "Coordinates: 5\u00b000\u00a2N 58\u00b045\u00a2Wn / n5\u00b0N 58.75\u00b0Wn / 5; -58.75in South America  (grey)Guyana\n(pronounced /nannnnnn/ or /nann\u00e6nn/), officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a\nsovereign state on the northern mainland of South America. It is, however, often considered part of the\nCaribbean region because of its strong cultural, historical, and political ties with other Anglo Caribbean\ncountries and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the\nnorth, Brazil to the south and southwest, Suriname to the east and Venezuela to the west. With\n215,000 square kilometres (83,000 sq mi), Guyana is the fourth-smallest country on mainland South\nAmerica after Uruguay, Suriname and French Guiana (an overseas region of France).The region\nknown as \"the Guianas\" consists of the large shield landmass north of the Amazon River and east of\nthe Orinoco River known as the \"land of many waters\". Originally inhabited by many indigenous\ngroups, Guyana was settled by the Dutch before coming under British control in the late 18th century. It\nwas governed as British Guiana, with mostly a plantation-style economy until the 1950s. It gained\nindependence in 1966, and officially became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970.\nThe legacy of British rule is reflected in the country's political administration and diverse population,\nwhich includes Indian, African, Amerindian, and multiracial groups.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Guyana.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Guyana.pdf"}, {"Title": "Bahamas The Population", "doc_id": 237, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "95442", "Y-max": "405317", "Description": "Coordinates: 24\u00b015\u00a2N 76\u00b000\u00a2Wn / n24.250\u00b0N 76.000\u00b0Wn / 24.250; -76.000The Bahamas\n(/bnnhnnmnz/ ( listen)), known officially as the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an archipelagic\nstate within the Lucayan Archipelago. It consists of more than 700 islands, cays, and islets in the\nAtlantic Ocean, and is located north of Cuba and Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic),\nnorthwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, southeast of the United States state of Florida, and east of\nthe Florida Keys. The capital is Nassau on the island of New Providence. The designation of \"the\nBahamas\" can refer either to the country or to the larger island chain that it shares with the Turks and\nCaicos Islands. The Royal Bahamas Defence Force describes the Bahamas territory as encompassing\n470,000 km2 (180,000 sq mi) of ocean space.The Bahamas is the site of Columbus' first landfall in the\nNew World in 1492. At that time, the islands were inhabited by the Lucayan, a branch of the\nArawakan-speaking Taino people. Although the Spanish never colonised The Bahamas, they shipped\nthe native Lucayans to slavery in Hispaniola. The islands were mostly deserted from 1513 until 1648,\nwhen English colonists from Bermuda settled on the island of Eleuthera.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Bahamas, The.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Bahamas, The.pdf"}, {"Title": "Syrian Arab Republic Population", "doc_id": 238, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "3751245", "Y-max": "21841100", "Description": "Coordinates: 35\u00b0N 38\u00b0En / n35\u00b0N 38\u00b0En / 35; 38Syria (Arabic: nnnnnn Snriyn), officially known as\nthe Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: nnnnnnnnn nnnnnnn nnnnnnnn al-Jumhnrnyah\nal-nArabnyah as-Snrnyah), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean\nSea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.\nThe western two-thirds of Syria's Golan Heights are since 1967 occupied by Israel and were in 1981\neffectively annexed by Israel, whereas the eastern third is controlled by Syria, with the UNDOF\nmaintaining a buffer zone in between, to implement the ceasefire of the Purple Line. Israel's 1981\nGolan annexation law is not recognised in international law. The UN Security Council condemned it in\nResolution 497 (1981) as \ufb01null and void and without international legal effect.\ufb02 Since then, General\nAssembly resolutions on \ufb01The Occupied Syrian Golan\ufb02 reaffirm the illegality of Israeli occupation and\nannexation Syria's capital and largest city is Damascus. A country of fertile plains, high mountains, and\ndeserts, Syria is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Syrian Arabs, Greeks,\nArmenians, Assyrians, Kurds, Circassians, Mandeans and Turks. Religious groups include Sunnis,\nChristians, Alawites, Druze, Isma'ilis, Mandeans, Shiites, Salafis, Yazidis, and Jews. Sunni make up\nthe largest religious group in Syria.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Syrian Arab Republic.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Syrian Arab Republic.pdf"}, {"Title": "Lower middle income Population", "doc_id": 239, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "852660691", "Y-max": "3115793478", "Description": "In developed nations across the world, the lower middle class is a sub-division of the greater middle\nclass. Universally the term refers to the group of middle class households or individuals who have not\nattained the status of the upper middle class associated with the higher realms of the middle class,\nhence the name.In American society, the middle class may be divided into two or three sub-groups.\nWhen divided into two parts, the lower middle class, also sometimes simply referred to as \"middle\nclass\", consists of roughly one third of households, roughly twice as large as the upper middle or\nmanagerial class. Common occupation fields are semi-professionals, such as lower-level managers,\nsmall business owners and skilled craftsmen. These individuals commonly have some college\neducation or perhaps a Bachelor's degree and earn a comfortable living. Already among the largest\nsocial classes, rivaled only by the working class, the American lower middle class is diverse and\ngrowing.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Lower middle income.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Lower middle income.pdf"}, {"Title": "Predemographic dividend Population", "doc_id": 240, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "154103377", "Y-max": "913825266", "Description": "Demographic dividend occurs when the proportion of working people in the total population is high\nbecause this indicates that more people have the potential to be productive and contribute to growth of\nthe economy. According to the United National population research, during the last four decades the\ncountries of Asia and Latin America have been the main beneficiaries of the demographic dividend.\nAdvanced countries of Europe, Japan and USA have an aging population because of low birth rates\nand low mortality rates. Neither the least developed countries nor the countries of Africa have as yet\nexperienced favourable demographic conditions according to the research by UN population division.\nChina\u2122s one-child policy has reversed the demographic dividend it enjoyed since the mid 1960s,\naccording to a World Bank global development report.Demographic dividend, as defined by the United\nNations Population Fund (UNFPA) means, \ufb01the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in\na population\u2122s age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger\nthan the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older).\ufb02 In other words,\nit is \ufb01a boost in economic productivity that occurs when there are growing numbers of people in the\nworkforce relative to the number of dependents.\ufb02 UNFPA stated that, \ufb01A country with both increasing\nnumbers of young people and declining fertility has the potential to reap a demographic dividend.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Pre-demographic dividend.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Pre-demographic dividend.pdf"}, {"Title": "Egypt Arab Rep Population", "doc_id": 241, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "23561925", "Y-max": "99123288", "Description": "Coordinates: 26\u00b0N 30\u00b0En / n26\u00b0N 30\u00b0En / 26; 30Egypt (/nindnnpt/ ( listen) EE-jipt; Arabic: nnnnn\nMinr, Egyptian Arabic: nnnnn Manr, Coptic: nnnn Khnmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is\na transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a\nland bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza\nStrip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south,\nSudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the\nSinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with\nEgypt.Egypt emerged as one of the world's first nation states in the tenth millennium BC. Considered a\ncradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture,\nurbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza\nNecropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the\nKings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest. Egypt's long\nand rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which has endured, and often\nassimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and\nEuropean. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, but was largely Islamised in the\nseventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country, albeit with a significant Christian\nminority.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Egypt, Arab Rep.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Egypt, Arab Rep.pdf"}, {"Title": "Canada Population", "doc_id": 242, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "16990138", "Y-max": "37205295", "Description": "Coordinates: 60\u00b0N 95\u00b0Wn / n60\u00b0N 95\u00b0Wn / 60; -95Canada (/nk\u00e6nndn/ ( listen); French: [kanadn]) is\na country located in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend\nfrom the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square\nkilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area.\nCanada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. Canada\nis sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the\nRocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized, with 82 percent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in\nlarge and medium-sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three\nlargest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Canada's climate varies widely\nacross its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions,\nwith four distinct seasons.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Canada.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Canada.pdf"}, {"Title": "United Arab Emirates Population", "doc_id": 243, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "-366215", "Y-max": "9728460", "Description": "Coordinates: 24\u00b0N 54\u00b0En / n24\u00b0N 54\u00b0En / 24; 54in the Arabian Peninsula  (white)The United Arab\nEmirates (/junnnantnd n\u00e6rnb nnmnrnts/ ( listen); UAE; Arabic: nnnn nnnnnnnn nnnnnnn\nnnnnnnnn Dawlat al-Imnrnt al-'Arabnyah al-Muttanidah), sometimes simply called the Emirates\n(Arabic: nnnnnnnnn al-Imnrnt), is a federal absolute monarchy sovereign state in Western Asia at\nthe southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi\nArabia to the south, as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north. In\n2013, the UAE's population was 9.2 million, of which 1.4 million are Emirati citizens and 7.8 million are\nexpatriates.The country is a federation of seven emirates, and was established on 2 December 1971.\nThe constituent emirates are Abu Dhabi (which serves as the capital), Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras\nal-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. Each emirate is governed by an absolute monarch;\ntogether, they jointly form the Federal Supreme Council. One of the monarchs (traditionally always the\nEmir of Abu Dhabi) is selected as the President of the United Arab Emirates. Islam is the official\nreligion of the UAE and Arabic is the official language (although English, Urdu and Hindi are widely\nspoken, with English being the language of business and education particularly in Abu Dhabi and\nDubai).\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/United Arab Emirates.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/United Arab Emirates.pdf"}, {"Title": "SubSaharan Africa Population", "doc_id": 244, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "188296486", "Y-max": "1073335165", "Description": "Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.\nAccording to the United Nations, it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located\nsouth of the Sahara. It contrasts with North Africa, whose territories are part of the League of Arab\nstates within the Arab world. Somalia, Djibouti, Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in\nSub-Saharan Africa, but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world.The Sahel is the\ntransitional zone in between the Sahara and the tropical savanna of the Sudan region and farther south\nthe forest-savanna mosaic of tropical Africa.Since probably 3500 BCE, the Saharan and Sub-Saharan\nregions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated\nSahara, forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan, though the Nile was blocked\nby the river's cataracts. The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna (including Homo\nsapiens) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond. African pluvial periods are associated\nwith a \"wet Sahara\" phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Sub-Saharan Africa.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Sub-Saharan Africa.pdf"}, {"Title": "European Union Population", "doc_id": 245, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "404398515", "Y-max": "516597362", "Description": "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 28 member states that are located\nprimarily in Europe. It has an area of 4,475,757 km2 (1,728,099 sq mi), and an estimated population of\nover 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of\nlaws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods,\nservices, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and\nmaintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the\nSchengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999\nand came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro\ncurrency.The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the\nEuropean Economic Community (EEC), established, respectively, by the 1951 Treaty of Paris and\n1957 Treaty of Rome. The original members of what came to be known as the European Communities,\nwere the Inner Six; Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany. The\nCommunities and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in\npower by the addition of policy areas to its remit. While no member state has left the EU or its\nantecedent organisations, the United Kingdom enacted the result of a membership referendum in June\n2016 and is currently negotiating its withdrawal. The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union\nin 1993 and introduced European citizenship. The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis\nof the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/European Union.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/European Union.pdf"}, {"Title": "East Asia  Pacific excluding high income Population", "doc_id": 246, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "837491618", "Y-max": "2109237798", "Description": "Asia-Pacific or Asia Pacific (abbreviated as APAC, Asia-Pac, AsPac, APJ, JAPA or JAPAC) is the part\nof the world in or near the Western Pacific Ocean. The region varies in size depending on which\ncontext, but it typically includes much of East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.The term\nmay also include Russia (on the North Pacific) and countries in the Americas which are on the coast of\nthe Eastern Pacific Ocean; the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, for example, includes Canada,\nChile, Russia, Mexico, Peru, and the United States. Alternatively, the term sometimes comprises all of\nAsia and Australasia as well as small/medium/large Pacific island nations (Asia Pacific and Australian\ncontinent) - for example when dividing the world into large regions for commercial purposes (e.g. into\nAmericas, EMEA and Asia Pacific).On the whole there appears to be no clear cut definition of \"Asia\nPacific\" and the regions included change as per the context.Though imprecise, the term has become\npopular since the late 1980s in commerce, finance and politics. In fact, despite the heterogeneity of the\nregions' economies, most individual nations within the zone are emerging markets experiencing rapid\ngrowth. (Compare the concept/acronym APEJ or APeJ - Asia-Pacific excluding Japan.)\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income).png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income).pdf"}, {"Title": "Togo Population", "doc_id": 247, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "1279219", "Y-max": "7907667", "Description": "in the African Union  (light blue)Togo (/ntonnon/ ( listen)), officially the Togolese Republic (French:\nR\u00e9publique Togolaise), is a sovereign state in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the\neast and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lom\u00e9 is\nlocated. Togo covers 57,000 square kilometres (22,008 square miles), making it one of the smallest\ncountries in Africa, with a population of approximately 7.6 million.From the 11th to the 16th century,\nvarious tribes entered the region from all directions. From the 16th century to the 18th century, the\ncoastal region was a major trading center for Europeans to search for slaves, earning Togo and the\nsurrounding region the name \"The Slave Coast\". In 1884, Germany declared a region including\npresent-day Togo as a protectorate called Togoland. After World War I, rule over Togo was transferred\nto France. Togo gained its independence from France in 1960. In 1967, Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyad\u00e9ma led a\nsuccessful military coup d'\u00e9tat after which he became president of an anti-communist, single-party\nstate. Eventually in 1993, Eyad\u00e9ma faced multiparty elections, which were marred by irregularities, and\nwon the presidency three times. At the time of his death, Eyad\u00e9ma was the longest-serving leader in\nmodern African history, having been president for 38 years. In 2005, his son Faure Gnassingb\u00e9 was\nelected president.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Togo.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Togo.pdf"}, {"Title": "IDA  IBRD total Population", "doc_id": 248, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2103412853", "Y-max": "6470077865", "Description": "The International Development Association (IDA) is an international financial institution which offers\nconcessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. The IDA is a member of the\nWorld Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established in\n1960 to complement the existing International Bank for Reconstruction and Development by lending to\ndeveloping countries which suffer from the lowest gross national income, from troubled\ncreditworthiness, or from the lowest per capita income. Together, the International Development\nAssociation and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development are collectively generally\nknown as the World Bank, as they follow the same executive leadership and operate with the same\nstaff.The association shares the World Bank's mission of reducing poverty and aims to provide\naffordable development financing to countries whose credit risk is so prohibitive that they cannot afford\nto borrow commercially or from the Bank's other programs. The IDA's stated aim is to assist the\npoorest nations in growing more quickly, equitably, and sustainably to reduce poverty. The IDA is the\nsingle largest provider of funds to economic and human development projects in the world's poorest\nnations. From 2000 to 2010, it financed projects which recruited and trained 3 million teachers,\nimmunized 310 million children, funded $792 million in loans to 120,000 small and medium enterprises,\nbuilt or restored 118,000 kilometers of paved roads, built or restored 1,600 bridges, and expanded\naccess to improved water to 113 million people and improved sanitation facilities to 5.8 million people.\nThe IDA has issued a total $238 billion USD in loans and grants since its launch in 1960. Thirty-six of\nthe association's borrowing countries have graduated from their eligibility for its concessional lending.\nHowever, eight of these countries have relapsed and have not re-graduated.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/IDA & IBRD total.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/IDA & IBRD total.pdf"}, {"Title": "Sri Lanka Population", "doc_id": 249, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "9330650", "Y-max": "21768350", "Description": "Coordinates: 7\u00b0N 81\u00b0En / n7\u00b0N 81\u00b0En / 7; 81Sri Lanka (/srin nlnnnkn, -nl\u00e6nkn/, /nrin-/ ( listen);\nSinhala: nnnnn nnnn nrn Lankn, Tamil: nnnnnn Ilankai), officially the Democratic Socialist\nRepublic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located southeast of India and northeast of\nthe Maldives.The island is home to many cultures, languages and ethnicities. The majority of the\npopulation is from the Sinhalese ethnicity, while a large minority of Tamils have also played an\ninfluential role in the island's history; Christians in both groups are recent converts who have kept the\ntraditional culture. Moors, Burghers, Malays, Chinese, and the aboriginal Vedda are also established\ngroups on the island.Sri Lanka's documented history spans 3,000 years, with evidence of pre-historic\nhuman settlements dating back to at least 125,000 years. It has a rich cultural heritage and the first\nknown Buddhist writings of Sri Lanka, the Pnli Canon, date back to the Fourth Buddhist council in 29\nBC. Its geographic location and deep harbours made it of great strategic importance from the time of\nthe ancient Silk Road through to the modern Maritime Silk Road.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Sri Lanka.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Sri Lanka.pdf"}, {"Title": "Bulgaria Population", "doc_id": 250, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "7035140", "Y-max": "9074127", "Description": "Coordinates: 42\u00b045\u00a2N 25\u00b030\u00a2En / n42.750\u00b0N 25.500\u00b0En / 42.750; 25.500\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark\ngrey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)  \u0152  [Legend]Bulgaria (/bnlnnnnrin, bnl-/ ( listen); Bulgarian:\nnnnnnnnn, tr. Bnlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: nnnnnnnnn\nnnnnnnnn, tr. Republika Bnlgariya, IPA: [rnnpublikn bnnnnarijn]), is a country in southeastern\nEurope. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey\nto the south, and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres\n(42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country.Organised prehistoric cultures began\ndeveloping on current Bulgarian lands during the Neolithic period. Its ancient history saw the presence\nof the Thracians, Greeks, Persians, Celts, Romans, Goths, Alans and Huns. The emergence of a\nunified Bulgarian state dates back to the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 681 AD, which\ndominated most of the Balkans and functioned as a cultural hub for Slavs during the Middle Ages. With\nthe downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly\nfive centuries. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877\u015278 led to the formation of the Third Bulgarian State.\nThe following years saw several conflicts with its neighbours, which prompted Bulgaria to align with\nGermany in both world wars. In 1946 it became a one-party socialist state as part of the Soviet-led\nEastern Bloc. In December 1989 the ruling Communist Party allowed multi-party elections, which\nsubsequently led to Bulgaria's transition into a democracy and a market-based economy.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Bulgaria.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Bulgaria.pdf"}, {"Title": "Mauritania Population", "doc_id": 251, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "686025", "Y-max": "4473160", "Description": "Coordinates: 20\u00b0N 12\u00b0Wn / n20\u00b0N 12\u00b0Wn / 20; -12Mauritania (/mnnrnntennin/ ( listen); Arabic:\nnnnnnnnnnn Mnrntnnyn; Berber languages: Muritanya or Agawej; Wolof: G\u00e0nnaar; Soninke:\nMurutaane; Pulaar: Moritani; French: Mauritanie), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a\ncountry in the Maghreb region of Northwestern Africa. It is the eleventh largest country in Africa and is\nbordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara in the north, Algeria in the northeast, Mali\nin the east and southeast, and Senegal in the southwest.The country derives its name from the ancient\nBerber kingdom of Mauretania, which existed from the 3rd century BC to the 7th century in the far\nnorth of modern-day Morocco and Algeria. Approximately 90% of Mauritania's land is within the\nSahara; consequently, the population is concentrated in the south, where precipitation is slightly\nhigher. The capital and largest city is Nouakchott, located on the Atlantic coast, which is home to\naround one-third of the country's 4.3 million people. The government was overthrown on 6 August\n2008, in a military coup d'\u00e9tat led by General Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. On 16 April 2009, Aziz\nresigned from the military to run for president in the 19 July elections, which he won.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Mauritania.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Mauritania.pdf"}, {"Title": "Pakistan Population", "doc_id": 252, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "37493533", "Y-max": "200618235", "Description": "Coordinates: 30\u00b0N 70\u00b0En / n30\u00b0N 70\u00b0En / 30; 70Pakistan[b] (Urdu: nnnnnnnnnn), officially the\nIslamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: nnnnnnn nnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn), is a country in South\nAsia and crossroads of Middle East and Central Asia. It is the fifth-most populous country with a\npopulation exceeding 209,970,000 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913\nsquare kilometres (340,509 square miles). Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650-mile) coastline along\nthe Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the\nwest, Iran to the southwest, and China in the far northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by\nAfghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.The\nterritory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Mehrgarh\nof the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by\npeople of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols,\nAfghans, and Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the\nPersian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander III of Macedon, the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Arab\nUmayyad Caliphate, the Gupta Empire, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire,\nthe Afghan Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire (partially), and, most recently, the British Empire.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Pakistan.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Pakistan.pdf"}, {"Title": "Cote dIvoire Population", "doc_id": 253, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2552141", "Y-max": "24702765", "Description": "Coordinates: 8\u00b0N 5\u00b0Wn / n8\u00b0N 5\u00b0Wn / 8; -5in the African Union  (light blue)Ivory Coast, also known as\nC\u00f4te d'Ivoire and officially as the Republic of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, is a sovereign state located in West Africa.\nIvory Coast's political capital is Yamoussoukro, and its economic capital and largest city is the port city\nof Abidjan. Its bordering countries are Guinea and Liberia in the west, Burkina Faso and Mali in the\nnorth, and Ghana in the east. The Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) is located south of Ivory Coast.Prior\nto its colonization by Europeans, Ivory Coast was home to several states, including Gyaaman, the\nKong Empire, and Baoul\u00e9. Two Anyi kingdoms, Ind\u00e9ni\u00e9 and Sanwi, attempted to retain their separate\nidentity through the French colonial period and after independence. Ivory Coast became a protectorate\nof France in 1843\u01521844 and later a French colony in 1893 amid the European scramble for Africa.\nIvory Coast achieved independence in 1960, led by F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny, who ruled the country\nuntil 1993. The country maintained close political and economic association with its West African\nneighbors while at the same time maintaining close ties to the West, especially France. Since the end\nof Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny's rule in 1993, Ivory Coast has experienced a coup d'\u00e9tat, in 1999, and two\nreligion-grounded civil wars. The first took place between 2002 and 2007 and the second during\n2010\u01522011. In 2000, the country adopted a new constitution.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Cote d'Ivoire.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Cote d'Ivoire.pdf"}, {"Title": "Azerbaijan Population", "doc_id": 254, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "3602052", "Y-max": "10055617", "Description": "Azerbaijan (/n\u00e6znrbanndnnnn/ AZ-nr-by-JAHN; Azerbaijani: Aznrbaycan [nz\u00e6nbnjndnnnn]),\nofficially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Aznrbaycan Respublikasn [nz\u00e6nbnjndnnnn\nnespubliknnsn]), is a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia at the crossroads of Eastern\nEurope and Western Asia. It is bound by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to\nthe northwest, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bound by\nArmenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, and has an 11 km long border with Turkey in\nthe north west.The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in 1918 and became\nthe first democratic state in the Muslim-oriented world. The country was incorporated into the Soviet\nUnion in 1920 as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. The modern Republic of Azerbaijan\nproclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991, prior to the official dissolution of the USSR in\nDecember 1991. In September 1991, the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region\nseceded to form the Republic of Artsakh. The region and seven adjacent districts outside it became de\nfacto independent with the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994. These regions are\ninternationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the\nNagorno-Karabakh, found through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Azerbaijan.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Azerbaijan.pdf"}, {"Title": "Qatar Population", "doc_id": 255, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "-78737", "Y-max": "2695925", "Description": "Coordinates: 25\u00b030\u00a2N 51\u00b015\u00a2En / n25.500\u00b0N 51.250\u00b0En / 25.500; 51.250Qatar (/nk\u00e6tnnr/,\n/nknntnnr/ ( listen), /nknntnr/ or /knntnnr/ ( listen); Arabic: nnnn Qatar [nqntnnr]; local\nvernacular pronunciation: [nnntnnr]), officially the State of Qatar (Arabic: nnnn nnnn Dawlat\nQatar), is a sovereign country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the\nnortheastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with\nthe rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. An arm of the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from\nthe nearby island country of Bahrain.Following Ottoman rule, Qatar became a British protectorate in\nthe early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971. Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani\nsince the early 19th century. Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani was the founder of the State of\nQatar. Qatar is a hereditary monarchy and its head of state is Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani.\nWhether it should be regarded as a constitutional or an absolute monarchy is disputed. In 2003, the\nconstitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum, with almost 98% in favour. In early 2017,\nQatar's total population was 2.6 million: 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Qatar.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Qatar.pdf"}, {"Title": "Bhutan Population", "doc_id": 256, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "194564", "Y-max": "826488", "Description": "Coordinates: 27\u00b025\u00a201\u00b2N 90\u00b026\u00a206\u00b2En / n27.417\u00b0N 90.435\u00b0En / 27.417; 90.435Bhutan (/bunntnnn/;\nnnnnnnnnnn Druk Yul), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan (nnnnnnnnnnnnnn Druk Gyal\nKhap), is a landlocked country in South Asia. Located in the Eastern Himalayas, it is bordered by Tibet\nAutonomous Region of China in the north, the Sikkim state of India and the Chumbi Valley of Tibet in\nthe west, the Arunachal Pradesh state of India in the east, and the state of Assam and North Bengal in\nthe south. Bhutan is geopolitically in South Asia and is the region's second least populous nation after\nthe Maldives. Thimphu is its capital and largest city, while Phuntsholing is its financial center.The\nindependence of Bhutan has endured for centuries and it has never been colonized in its history.\nSituated on the ancient Silk Road between Tibet, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, the\nBhutanese state developed a distinct national identity based on Buddhism. Headed by a spiritual\nleader known as the Zhabdrung Rinpoche, the territory was composed of many fiefdoms and governed\nas a Buddhist theocracy. Following a civil war in the 19th century, the House of Wangchuck reunited\nthe country and established relations with the British Empire. Bhutan fostered a strategic partnership\nwith India during the rise of Chinese communism and has a disputed border with the People's Republic\nof China. In 2008, it transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy and held the\nfirst election to the National Assembly of Bhutan. The National Assembly of Bhutan is part of the\nbi-cameral parliament of the Bhutanese democracy.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Bhutan.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Bhutan.pdf"}, {"Title": "Germany Population", "doc_id": 257, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "72322260", "Y-max": "83160324", "Description": "Coordinates: 51\u00b0N 9\u00b0En / n51\u00b0N 9\u00b0En / 51; 9\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European\nUnion  (green)Germany (/ndnnnrmnni/ ( listen); German: Deutschland, pronounced [ndnntnlant]),\nofficially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland,  listen (help\u00b7info)),[e]\nis a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers\nan area of 357,021 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate.\nWith about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union.\nGermany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, with its\nmain centres of Dortmund and Essen. The country's other major cities are Hamburg, Munich, Cologne,\nFrankfurt, Stuttgart, D\u00fcsseldorf, Leipzig, Bremen, Dresden, Hannover, and Nuremberg.Various\nGermanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A\nregion named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period, the Germanic\ntribes expanded southward. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of\nthe Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the\nProtestant Reformation. After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, the German Confederation was\nformed in 1815. The German revolutions of 1848\u015249 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing\nmajor democratic rights.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Germany.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Germany.pdf"}, {"Title": "United Kingdom Population", "doc_id": 258, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "51738138", "Y-max": "66299100", "Description": "\u0152 in Europe  (green & dark grey) \u0152 in the European Union  (green)The United Kingdom of Great Britain\nand Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in\nwestern Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the UK includes the\nisland of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands.\nNorthern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another\nsovereign staten\u0160nthe Republic of Ireland.[note 9] Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded\nby the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic\nSea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between\nGreat Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the UK is the\n78th-largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated\n65.5 million inhabitants in 2016.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/United Kingdom.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/United Kingdom.pdf"}, {"Title": "Cayman Islands Population", "doc_id": 259, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "5220", "Y-max": "63410", "Description": "Coordinates: 19\u00b030\u00a2N 80\u00b030\u00a2Wn / n19.500\u00b0N 80.500\u00b0Wn / 19.500; -80.500The Cayman Islands\n(/nkenmnn/ or /kennm\u00e6n/) is an autonomous British Overseas Territory in the western Caribbean\nSea. The 264-square-kilometre (102-square-mile) territory comprises the three islands of Grand\nCayman, Cayman Brac and Little Cayman located south of Cuba, northeast of Costa Rica, north of\nPanama, east of Mexico and northwest of Jamaica. Its population is approximately 60,765, and its\ncapital is George Town.The Cayman Islands is considered to be part of the geographic Western\nCaribbean Zone as well as the Greater Antilles. The territory is often considered a major world offshore\nfinancial haven for international businesses and many wealthy individuals.The Cayman Islands\nremained largely uninhabited until the 17th century. While there is no archaeological evidence for an\nindigenous people on the islands, a variety of settlers from various backgrounds made their home on\nthe islands, including pirates, shipwrecked sailors, and deserters from Oliver Cromwell's army in\nJamaica.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Cayman Islands.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Cayman Islands.pdf"}, {"Title": "Puerto Rico Population", "doc_id": 260, "X-Label": "Year", "Y-Label": "Population", "X-min": "1957", "X-max": "2018", "Y-min": "2284556", "Y-max": "3900321", "Description": "Coordinates: 18\u00b012\u00a2N 66\u00b030\u00a2Wn / n18.2\u00b0N 66.5\u00b0Wn / 18.2; -66.5Puerto Rican (formal) American\n(since 1917)Puerto Rico[a] (Spanish for \"Rich Port\"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico\n(Spanish: Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit. \"Free Associated State of Puerto Rico\")[b] and\nbriefly called Porto Rico,[c] is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast\nCaribbean Sea.An archipelago among the Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico includes the main island of\nPuerto Rico and a number of smaller ones, such as Mona, Culebra, and Vieques. The capital and most\npopulous city is San Juan. Its official languages are Spanish and English, though Spanish\npredominates. The island's population is approximately 3.4 million. Puerto Rico's history, tropical\nclimate, natural scenery, traditional cuisine, and tax incentives make it a destination for travelers from\naround the world.\n", "Graph": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/Graphs/Population/Puerto Rico.png", "Document": "/Users/aimanabdullahanees/Desktop/IR-Project/PDFs/Population_PDFs/Puerto Rico.pdf"}]