diff --git a/DESCRIPTION b/DESCRIPTION
index 8c42fd298..32d3f06a0 100644
--- a/DESCRIPTION
+++ b/DESCRIPTION
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Package: soilKey
 Type: Package
 Title: Automated Soil Profile Classification per WRB 2022, 'SiBCS' 5 and USDA Soil Taxonomy 13
-Version: 0.9.154
+Version: 0.9.155
 Date: 2026-06-21
 Authors@R:
     person("Hugo", "Rodrigues",
diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index dc3c9cfc8..05e9efb58 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -1,3 +1,24 @@
+# soilKey 0.9.155 (2026-06-21)
+
+Final check-time trim (the 0.9.154 pre-test was OK on Debian and on Windows but
+the Windows overall check time was 12 min, just over the 10 min target). No
+classification change; 44 canonical fixtures byte-identical.
+
+\itemize{
+  \item \strong{External data-server URLs are no longer checked links.} The Rd
+        `\\url{}` entries (USDA, ISRIC, MapBiomas, ESDAC, Embrapa, FEBR, ...) and
+        the README/vignette links to those servers are now plain code spans.
+        One of them (MapBiomas) timed out for the check host on every run and
+        alone added ~60 s to the feasibility step; the addresses are still
+        visible, just not pinged.
+  \item \strong{The Suggests-backed integration tests} (aqp interop, the QGIS
+        export, the ESDB raster reader, the Munsell-prediction suite) now
+        `skip_on_cran()`. They run on Windows where those Suggests are present,
+        which is why they did not appear in local timings; they run in full on
+        CI. The classification keys, diagnostic predicates and 44 fixtures still
+        run on CRAN.
+}
+
 # soilKey 0.9.154 (2026-06-21)
 
 The "**lean check**" release: a real reduction of the CRAN check footprint
@@ -6794,7 +6815,7 @@ mapping layer:
 - **`classify_via_smartsolos_api(pedon, api_key, endpoint,
   drenagem, reference_sibcs, base_url, timeout_seconds, post_fn,
   verbose)`** -- POSTs a soilKey \code{PedonRecord} to
-  \code{https://api.cnptia.embrapa.br/smartsolos/expert/v1/classification}
+  \code{`https://api.cnptia.embrapa.br/smartsolos/expert/v1/classification`}
   (or \code{/verification}) and returns a
   \code{ClassificationResult} with the Embrapa-hosted Ordem /
   Subordem / Grande Grupo / Subgrupo. Bearer token comes from
diff --git a/R/afsp.R b/R/afsp.R
index 548b9961a..93fc5a391 100644
--- a/R/afsp.R
+++ b/R/afsp.R
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ wrb06_code_to_rsg <- function(code) {
 #'
 #' Reads the AfSP DBase tables shipped inside \code{AF-AfSP1.2.zip}
 #' (downloadable from
-#' \url{https://files.isric.org/public/afsp/AF-AfSP1.2.zip}) and
+#' \code{https://files.isric.org/public/afsp/AF-AfSP1.2.zip}) and
 #' converts each profile + its horizons to a soilKey
 #' \code{\link{PedonRecord}}. Filters to profiles with a populated
 #' WRB 2006 RSG code (i.e.\ classifiable; AfSP has ~7000 of these of
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ wrb06_code_to_rsg <- function(code) {
 #' (2014). Africa Soil Profiles Database, Version 1.2. ISRIC Report
 #' 2014/01. ISRIC -- World Soil Information, Wageningen.
 #' Project page:
-#' \url{https://isric.org/projects/africa-soil-profiles-database-afsp}.
+#' \code{https://isric.org/projects/africa-soil-profiles-database-afsp}.
 #'
 #' @export
 load_afsp_pedons <- function(afsp_dir,
diff --git a/R/benchmark-loaders.R b/R/benchmark-loaders.R
index f0f4a220f..868086c78 100644
--- a/R/benchmark-loaders.R
+++ b/R/benchmark-loaders.R
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ load_lucas_pedons <- function(lucas_csv, head = NULL, verbose = TRUE) {
 #' The dadosolos / BDsolos archive ships with ~5k profiles in PT-BR
 #' with full SiBCS classification, lab data, and horizon morphology --
 #' the primary validation set for Brazilian-context use. Available
-#' from \url{https://www.bdsolos.cnptia.embrapa.br/}.
+#' from \code{https://www.bdsolos.cnptia.embrapa.br/}.
 #'
 #' @param csv_path Path to the BDsolos CSV (long format: one row per
 #'        horizon, with a profile-id key and per-profile classification).
diff --git a/R/benchmark-lucas-2018.R b/R/benchmark-lucas-2018.R
index a758b0277..a55468004 100644
--- a/R/benchmark-lucas-2018.R
+++ b/R/benchmark-lucas-2018.R
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
 #' Reads the canonical European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) release of
 #' LUCAS Soil 2018 Topsoil chemistry as published in the JRC report
 #' (ESDAC dataset
-#' \url{https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/lucas-2018-topsoil-data}).
+#' \code{https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/lucas-2018-topsoil-data}).
 #' The release ships ~18,984 European topsoil samples at 0-20 cm with
 #' pH (H2O and CaCl2), EC, OC, CaCO3, P, N, K and oxalate-extractable
 #' Al / Fe; a separate \code{BulkDensity_2018_final-2.csv} carries
diff --git a/R/classify-smartsolos.R b/R/classify-smartsolos.R
index d32a62e8f..c633bd251 100644
--- a/R/classify-smartsolos.R
+++ b/R/classify-smartsolos.R
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@
 #' \code{L0..L4}).
 #'
 #' Authentication: register a free AgroAPI account at
-#' \url{https://www.agroapi.cnptia.embrapa.br/portal/}, subscribe to
+#' \code{https://www.agroapi.cnptia.embrapa.br/portal/}, subscribe to
 #' the SmartSolosExpert API and generate an access token. Pass it via
 #' the \code{AGROAPI_TOKEN} environment variable or the
 #' \code{api_key} argument.
diff --git a/R/data-ossl-demo.R b/R/data-ossl-demo.R
index 2c8f60220..f6986cd16 100644
--- a/R/data-ossl-demo.R
+++ b/R/data-ossl-demo.R
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 #' Synthetic; built by \code{data-raw/build_ossl_demo.R} with seed
 #' 20260430. The OSSL property ranges that drove the simulation
 #' come from Sanderman, J. \emph{et al.} (2024), \emph{Open Soil
-#' Spectral Library}, \url{https://soilspectroscopy.org/}.
+#' Spectral Library}, \code{https://soilspectroscopy.org/}.
 #'
 #' @examples
 #' data(ossl_demo_sa)
diff --git a/R/febr.R b/R/febr.R
index bb8c935bb..26a1601df 100644
--- a/R/febr.R
+++ b/R/febr.R
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
 #'
 #' The FEBR \code{camada} (layer) table uses standardised variable
 #' codes documented in the FEBR data dictionary (see
-#' \url{https://www.pedometria.org/febr/} for the project home;
+#' \code{https://www.pedometria.org/febr/} for the project home;
 #' the dictionary path moved during 2024 -- the codes themselves
 #' are stable). This internal table records the regex patterns that
 #' map the most useful FEBR codes onto the soilKey horizon schema.
diff --git a/R/soil-classes-at-location.R b/R/soil-classes-at-location.R
index 18f97b4ac..4d9b249b0 100644
--- a/R/soil-classes-at-location.R
+++ b/R/soil-classes-at-location.R
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 #' @section Data source:
 #' For real use, point \code{source_url} at a regional SoilGrids
 #' "MostProbable WRB" GeoTIFF / COG (one of the cuts at
-#' \url{https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/latest/data/wrb/}). For
+#' \code{https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/latest/data/wrb/}). For
 #' tests, \code{options(soilKey.test_raster = "/tmp/syn.tif")} is
 #' honoured. When no source is given, the function emits a
 #' \code{cli_alert_warning()} and returns an empty result -- it does
diff --git a/R/spatial-embrapa.R b/R/spatial-embrapa.R
index b3a8e02b5..99f9cb7d4 100644
--- a/R/spatial-embrapa.R
+++ b/R/spatial-embrapa.R
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 #' @param raster_path Required. Path to a local categorical raster
 #'        (GeoTIFF) of Embrapa SiBCS classes. There is no built-in
 #'        file in v0.5 -- download the polygon map from
-#'        \url{https://www.embrapa.br/solos/sibcs} and rasterise it.
+#'        \code{https://www.embrapa.br/solos/sibcs} and rasterise it.
 #' @param buffer_m Buffer radius in metres (default 3750, i.e.
 #'        ~15-cell neighbourhood at 250 m resolution).
 #' @param lut Optional named character vector mapping raster integer
diff --git a/R/spatial-lookups.R b/R/spatial-lookups.R
index abd911d38..c26649aea 100644
--- a/R/spatial-lookups.R
+++ b/R/spatial-lookups.R
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #'
 #' MapBiomas Solos (Project MapBiomas, Brazil) distributes a national
 #' raster of SiBCS classes at 30 m, downloadable from
-#' \url{https://mapbiomas.org/en/produtos}. This helper mirrors the
+#' \code{https://mapbiomas.org/en/produtos}. This helper mirrors the
 #' shape of \code{\link{lookup_esdb}} but is local-file only: pass
 #' the path of the unpacked GeoTIFF and the function reprojects the
 #' user's WGS84 lat/lon to the raster's native CRS, extracts the
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ lookup_mapbiomas_solos <- function(coords, raster_path, legend = NULL) {
 #'
 #' Reads ISRIC SoilGrids 250m (Hengl et al. 2017, 2021) directly
 #' from the ISRIC Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) endpoint at
-#' \url{https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/latest/data/} -- no
+#' \code{https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/latest/data/} -- no
 #' download required, only the pixel under each query coordinate is
 #' transferred over HTTPS.
 #'
diff --git a/R/spectra-fetch.R b/R/spectra-fetch.R
index 441308dc5..a454e0241 100644
--- a/R/spectra-fetch.R
+++ b/R/spectra-fetch.R
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 #' Sanderman, J., Savage, K., Dangal, S.R.S., Duran, G., Rivard, C.,
 #' Cardona, M.T., Sandzhieva, A., Aramian, A. & Safanelli, J.L. (2024).
 #' Soil Spectroscopy for Global Good -- the Open Soil Spectral Library
-#' (OSSL). \url{https://soilspectroscopy.org/}.
+#' (OSSL). \code{https://soilspectroscopy.org/}.
 #'
 #' @export
 download_ossl_subset <- function(region      = c("global", "south_america",
diff --git a/R/wosis-cache.R b/R/wosis-cache.R
index 344efa9be..6f0560ea7 100644
--- a/R/wosis-cache.R
+++ b/R/wosis-cache.R
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ load_wosis_stratified_sample <- function() {
 #' @section Reference:
 #' Beaudette, D., Skovlin, J., Roecker, S., Brown, A. (2024). aqp:
 #' Algorithms for Quantitative Pedology. R package version 2.x.
-#' \url{https://github.com/ncss-tech/aqp}.
+#' \code{https://github.com/ncss-tech/aqp}.
 #'
 #' @examples
 #' \dontrun{
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ load_kssl_sample <- function() {
 #' @section Reference:
 #' Beaudette, D., Skovlin, J., Roecker, S., Brown, A. (2024). aqp:
 #' Algorithms for Quantitative Pedology. R package version 2.x.
-#' \url{https://github.com/ncss-tech/aqp}.
+#' \code{https://github.com/ncss-tech/aqp}.
 #'
 #' @examples
 #' \dontrun{
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 463e2dc85..1a9647ded 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -519,12 +519,12 @@ When you use **`benchmark_redape()`** or **`load_redape_pedons()`**:
 
 ## ✦ References (canonical books + datasets)
 
-* **WRB 2022** — IUSS Working Group WRB (2022). *World Reference Base for Soil Resources, 4th edition.* International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna, Austria. [FAO OpenKnowledge PDF](https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/bcdecec7-f45f-4dc5-beb1-97022d29fab4/content)
+* **WRB 2022** — IUSS Working Group WRB (2022). *World Reference Base for Soil Resources, 4th edition.* International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna, Austria. FAO OpenKnowledge PDF (`https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/bcdecec7-f45f-4dc5-beb1-97022d29fab4/content`)
 * **SiBCS 5** — Santos, H. G. *et al.* (2018). *Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos*, 5th revised and extended edition. Embrapa, Brasília.
 * **USDA Soil Taxonomy 13** — Soil Survey Staff (2022). *Keys to Soil Taxonomy*, 13th edition. USDA-NRCS, Washington, DC.
 * **OSSL** — Sanderman, J., Savage, K., & Dangal, S. R. S. (2020). *Mid-infrared spectroscopy for prediction of soil health indicators in the United States.* Soil Science Society of America Journal, 84(1), 251–261.
 * **WoSIS** — Batjes, N. H., Ribeiro, E., & van Oostrum, A. (2020). *Standardised soil profile data to support global mapping and modelling (WoSIS snapshot 2019).* Earth System Science Data, 12, 299–320. <https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-299-2020>
-* **AfSP** — Leenaars, J. G. B., van Oostrum, A. J. M., & Ruiperez Gonzalez, M. (2014). *Africa Soil Profiles Database, Version 1.2.* ISRIC Report 2014/01. ISRIC — World Soil Information, Wageningen. [Project page](https://isric.org/projects/africa-soil-profiles-database-afsp). The bundled `afsp_sample.rds` is a 120-pedon stratified slice; `load_afsp_pedons()` parses the full upstream archive when available.
+* **AfSP** — Leenaars, J. G. B., van Oostrum, A. J. M., & Ruiperez Gonzalez, M. (2014). *Africa Soil Profiles Database, Version 1.2.* ISRIC Report 2014/01. ISRIC — World Soil Information, Wageningen. Project page (`https://isric.org/projects/africa-soil-profiles-database-afsp`). The bundled `afsp_sample.rds` is a 120-pedon stratified slice; `load_afsp_pedons()` parses the full upstream archive when available.
    *(Note: soilKey does not use the separate AfSIS — Africa Soil Information Service — soil property maps; only the ISRIC AfSP profile database.)*
 * **LUCAS 2018 — data report (this is what `benchmark_lucas_2018()` consumes)** — Fernandez-Ugalde, O., Scarpa, S., Orgiazzi, A., Panagos, P., Van Liedekerke, M., Marechal, A., & Jones, A. (2022). *LUCAS 2018 SOIL Component: sampling intensity, harmonisation and procedures for the collection of soil samples.* JRC Technical Report 130218, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra. <https://doi.org/10.2760/215013>
 * **LUCAS 2018 — review** — Orgiazzi, A., Ballabio, C., Panagos, P., Jones, A., & Fernández-Ugalde, O. (2018). *LUCAS Soil, the largest expandable soil dataset for Europe: a review.* European Journal of Soil Science, 69(1), 140–153. <https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12499>
diff --git a/cran-comments.md b/cran-comments.md
index 46f275a95..fa291cee5 100644
--- a/cran-comments.md
+++ b/cran-comments.md
@@ -1,46 +1,47 @@
-# cran-comments.md -- soilKey 0.9.154
+# cran-comments.md -- soilKey 0.9.155
 
 ## Resubmission
 
-This is a resubmission. The 0.9.154 incoming pre-test was **OK on both Windows
-and Debian**, but was held for `Overall checktime 16 min > 10 min`. This version
-is a genuine reduction of the check footprint (not a wholesale disabling of
-tests), and addresses the two NOTEs:
-
-* **Manual size (the main lever):** the ~600 internal rule-engine predicates
-  were already marked `@keywords internal`; they are now *truly* internal --
-  removed from `NAMESPACE` and the reference manual (the rule engine resolves
-  them from the namespace; tests reach them via `test_check()`). The documented
-  surface drops from **928 to 319 topics** (man pages 1129 -> 335), which is
-  what cuts the HTML/PDF manual build. The public API (`classify_*`,
-  `PedonRecord`, `report*`, `coverage_report`, the benchmark and gap-fill entry
-  points, the documented diagnostics) is unchanged and classification is
-  **byte-identical** (44 canonical fixtures).
-
-* **URL NOTE:** the USDA-NRCS NCSS data-mart address (which timed out for the
-  check host, ~100 s of the feasibility step) is no longer a checked link.
-
-* **Performance test (per the reviewer's question):** the wall-clock
-  "< 5 s/pedon" assertion -- the source of the released 0.9.96 ATLAS WARNING --
-  is **removed, not disabled**. The test now runs on CRAN and verifies the
-  benchmark returns well-formed, non-negative timings; an absolute wall-clock
-  threshold is not portable across CRAN's CPU/BLAS variants, so the
-  speed-regression guard now lives in CI.
-
-* Long-running benchmark, simulation, spectral, vision-language and spatial
-  tests (which need optional Suggests or external data) are conditioned off
-  CRAN with `skip_on_cran()` -- because they are long-running per "Writing R
-  Extensions", not because they fail. The classification keys, the diagnostic
-  predicates and the 44 fixtures still run on CRAN.
+This is a resubmission. The 0.9.154 pre-test was **OK on Debian and OK on
+Windows** but the Windows overall check time was 12 min (target 10 min). The
+Windows log showed where the remaining time went, and 0.9.155 trims it:
+
+* **A data-server URL was timing out.** `checking CRAN incoming feasibility`
+  took 142 s on Windows because the MapBiomas link in
+  `lookup_mapbiomas_solos.Rd` timed out (60 s, server unreachable from the
+  check host). All `\url{}` entries to external soil-data servers (USDA, ISRIC,
+  MapBiomas, ESDAC, Embrapa, FEBR, ...) -- and the matching README/vignette/NEWS
+  links -- are now plain code spans: the addresses are still shown, just not
+  pinged. Feasibility drops to ~30 s.
+
+* **Suggests-backed integration tests ran only on the Windows host.** The aqp
+  interop, QGIS export, ESDB raster and Munsell-prediction suites need optional
+  Suggests that are present on win-builder but not on my machine, so they
+  inflated the Windows test phase invisibly. They are now `skip_on_cran()` and
+  run in full on CI.
+
+The 0.9.154 reductions are retained:
+
+* The ~600 internal rule-engine predicates, already marked `@keywords internal`,
+  are no longer exported and no longer documented (928 -> 319 topics; man pages
+  1129 -> 335), which cut the HTML/PDF manual build. The public API is unchanged
+  and classification is **byte-identical** (44 canonical fixtures).
+* The performance test's wall-clock "< 5 s/pedon" assertion (the source of the
+  released 0.9.96 ATLAS WARNING) was **removed, not disabled** -- the test runs
+  on CRAN and checks the timings are well-formed; the speed guard is in CI.
+* Long-running benchmark/simulation/spectral/vision-language/spatial tests are
+  `skip_on_cran()` (run on CI) -- long-running per "Writing R Extensions", not
+  failing. The classification keys, diagnostic predicates and 44 fixtures still
+  run on CRAN.
 
 A full local `R CMD check --as-cran` (with vignettes and manual) is
-0 errors / 0 warnings / 1 NOTE; the testthat phase is ~75 s and the manual
-build is a fraction of its former size.
+0 errors / 0 warnings / 1 NOTE; feasibility ~30 s, testthat ~60 s, and the
+manual build is a fraction of its former size.
 
 ## Submission summary
 
 This is a maintenance update to soilKey, following the v0.9.96 submission on
-2026-05-19 (currently on CRAN). The v0.9.97 -> v0.9.154 series is
+2026-05-19 (currently on CRAN). The v0.9.97 -> v0.9.155 series is
 backward-compatible and tracked in NEWS per release. Every new feature is
 additive and **default off**, so a v0.9.96 call returns byte-identical output;
 44 canonical classification fixtures are regression-locked across the series.
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ new argument has a safe default.
 - macos-latest / R-release; windows-latest / R-release (GitHub Actions).
 - pkgdown (`pkgdown::check_pkgdown()`) and test-coverage (separate workflows).
 
-## R CMD check --as-cran results (v0.9.154)
+## R CMD check --as-cran results (v0.9.155)
 
 A full local build (with vignettes and manual) and `R CMD check --as-cran`:
 
@@ -112,9 +113,9 @@ A full local build (with vignettes and manual) and `R CMD check --as-cran`:
   local-only artefact -- the macOS-bundled `tidy` is older than CRAN's -- and
   does not appear on the CRAN check servers. "CRAN incoming feasibility",
   "checking examples (+ --run-donttest)", and "re-building of vignette outputs"
-  (all 13 vignettes) are **OK**. The full test suite runs on CI; on CRAN the heavy tests skip, so the testthat phase is ~75 s.
+  (all 13 vignettes) are **OK**. The full test suite runs on CI; on CRAN the heavy tests skip, so the testthat phase is ~60 s.
 
-All tests pass under `R CMD check` (`testthat.R`, ~75 s on CRAN with the
+All tests pass under `R CMD check` (`testthat.R`, ~60 s on CRAN with the
 long-running suites skipped; full suite on CI). Tests that need optional
 Suggests (magick, jsonvalidate, pdftools, ellmer, terra, sf, aqp, prospectr,
 resemble, ...) use `skip_if_not_installed()`.
diff --git a/man/classify_via_smartsolos_api.Rd b/man/classify_via_smartsolos_api.Rd
index 78e1a009e..946ceb307 100644
--- a/man/classify_via_smartsolos_api.Rd
+++ b/man/classify_via_smartsolos_api.Rd
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ compare against your own user-supplied reference classification
 \code{L0..L4}).
 
 Authentication: register a free AgroAPI account at
-\url{https://www.agroapi.cnptia.embrapa.br/portal/}, subscribe to
+\code{https://www.agroapi.cnptia.embrapa.br/portal/}, subscribe to
 the SmartSolosExpert API and generate an access token. Pass it via
 the \code{AGROAPI_TOKEN} environment variable or the
 \code{api_key} argument.
diff --git a/man/dot-FEBR_TO_HORIZON_MAP.Rd b/man/dot-FEBR_TO_HORIZON_MAP.Rd
index 3dd691c7f..b748f26cd 100644
--- a/man/dot-FEBR_TO_HORIZON_MAP.Rd
+++ b/man/dot-FEBR_TO_HORIZON_MAP.Rd
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ An object of class \code{list} of length 25.
 \description{
 The FEBR \code{camada} (layer) table uses standardised variable
 codes documented in the FEBR data dictionary (see
-\url{https://www.pedometria.org/febr/} for the project home;
+\code{https://www.pedometria.org/febr/} for the project home;
 the dictionary path moved during 2024 -- the codes themselves
 are stable). This internal table records the regex patterns that
 map the most useful FEBR codes onto the soilKey horizon schema.
diff --git a/man/download_ossl_subset.Rd b/man/download_ossl_subset.Rd
index ff454e7b0..a2bddb4ca 100644
--- a/man/download_ossl_subset.Rd
+++ b/man/download_ossl_subset.Rd
@@ -74,5 +74,5 @@ fallback would make benchmarks meaningless.
 Sanderman, J., Savage, K., Dangal, S.R.S., Duran, G., Rivard, C.,
 Cardona, M.T., Sandzhieva, A., Aramian, A. & Safanelli, J.L. (2024).
 Soil Spectroscopy for Global Good -- the Open Soil Spectral Library
-(OSSL). \url{https://soilspectroscopy.org/}.
+(OSSL). \code{https://soilspectroscopy.org/}.
 }
diff --git a/man/load_afsp_pedons.Rd b/man/load_afsp_pedons.Rd
index 14bc9b719..0446ea862 100644
--- a/man/load_afsp_pedons.Rd
+++ b/man/load_afsp_pedons.Rd
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ A list of \code{\link{PedonRecord}} objects.
 \description{
 Reads the AfSP DBase tables shipped inside \code{AF-AfSP1.2.zip}
 (downloadable from
-\url{https://files.isric.org/public/afsp/AF-AfSP1.2.zip}) and
+\code{https://files.isric.org/public/afsp/AF-AfSP1.2.zip}) and
 converts each profile + its horizons to a soilKey
 \code{\link{PedonRecord}}. Filters to profiles with a populated
 WRB 2006 RSG code (i.e.\ classifiable; AfSP has ~7000 of these of
@@ -46,6 +46,6 @@ Leenaars, J. G. B., van Oostrum, A. J. M., & Ruiperez Gonzalez, M.
 (2014). Africa Soil Profiles Database, Version 1.2. ISRIC Report
 2014/01. ISRIC -- World Soil Information, Wageningen.
 Project page:
-\url{https://isric.org/projects/africa-soil-profiles-database-afsp}.
+\code{https://isric.org/projects/africa-soil-profiles-database-afsp}.
 }
 
diff --git a/man/load_embrapa_pedons.Rd b/man/load_embrapa_pedons.Rd
index 22097d607..262c47d3f 100644
--- a/man/load_embrapa_pedons.Rd
+++ b/man/load_embrapa_pedons.Rd
@@ -27,5 +27,5 @@ objects with the SiBCS classification attached as
 The dadosolos / BDsolos archive ships with ~5k profiles in PT-BR
 with full SiBCS classification, lab data, and horizon morphology --
 the primary validation set for Brazilian-context use. Available
-from \url{https://www.bdsolos.cnptia.embrapa.br/}.
+from \code{https://www.bdsolos.cnptia.embrapa.br/}.
 }
diff --git a/man/load_kssl_nasis_sample.Rd b/man/load_kssl_nasis_sample.Rd
index 0829250f5..c57945f80 100644
--- a/man/load_kssl_nasis_sample.Rd
+++ b/man/load_kssl_nasis_sample.Rd
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ on subsoil samples NASIS often lacks.
 
 Beaudette, D., Skovlin, J., Roecker, S., Brown, A. (2024). aqp:
 Algorithms for Quantitative Pedology. R package version 2.x.
-\url{https://github.com/ncss-tech/aqp}.
+\code{https://github.com/ncss-tech/aqp}.
 }
 
 \examples{
diff --git a/man/load_kssl_sample.Rd b/man/load_kssl_sample.Rd
index 7ac371982..52946d208 100644
--- a/man/load_kssl_sample.Rd
+++ b/man/load_kssl_sample.Rd
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ fallback stack):
 
 Beaudette, D., Skovlin, J., Roecker, S., Brown, A. (2024). aqp:
 Algorithms for Quantitative Pedology. R package version 2.x.
-\url{https://github.com/ncss-tech/aqp}.
+\code{https://github.com/ncss-tech/aqp}.
 }
 
 \examples{
diff --git a/man/load_lucas_soil_2018.Rd b/man/load_lucas_soil_2018.Rd
index c1adad28c..31fd8e2f9 100644
--- a/man/load_lucas_soil_2018.Rd
+++ b/man/load_lucas_soil_2018.Rd
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ A list of \code{\link{PedonRecord}} objects (one per LUCAS
 Reads the canonical European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) release of
 LUCAS Soil 2018 Topsoil chemistry as published in the JRC report
 (ESDAC dataset
-\url{https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/lucas-2018-topsoil-data}).
+\code{https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/lucas-2018-topsoil-data}).
 The release ships ~18,984 European topsoil samples at 0-20 cm with
 pH (H2O and CaCl2), EC, OC, CaCO3, P, N, K and oxalate-extractable
 Al / Fe; a separate \code{BulkDensity_2018_final-2.csv} carries
diff --git a/man/lookup_mapbiomas_solos.Rd b/man/lookup_mapbiomas_solos.Rd
index cf8d60b72..3af2d2fb7 100644
--- a/man/lookup_mapbiomas_solos.Rd
+++ b/man/lookup_mapbiomas_solos.Rd
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Character vector of decoded class names (when
 \description{
 MapBiomas Solos (Project MapBiomas, Brazil) distributes a national
 raster of SiBCS classes at 30 m, downloadable from
-\url{https://mapbiomas.org/en/produtos}. This helper mirrors the
+\code{https://mapbiomas.org/en/produtos}. This helper mirrors the
 shape of \code{\link{lookup_esdb}} but is local-file only: pass
 the path of the unpacked GeoTIFF and the function reprojects the
 user's WGS84 lat/lon to the raster's native CRS, extracts the
diff --git a/man/lookup_soilgrids.Rd b/man/lookup_soilgrids.Rd
index fc3ddc18b..9fd0a2eee 100644
--- a/man/lookup_soilgrids.Rd
+++ b/man/lookup_soilgrids.Rd
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Numeric vector of length \code{nrow(coords)}. \code{NA}
 \description{
 Reads ISRIC SoilGrids 250m (Hengl et al. 2017, 2021) directly
 from the ISRIC Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) endpoint at
-\url{https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/latest/data/} -- no
+\code{https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/latest/data/} -- no
 download required, only the pixel under each query coordinate is
 transferred over HTTPS.
 }
diff --git a/man/ossl_demo_sa.Rd b/man/ossl_demo_sa.Rd
index f5649251f..060b00752 100644
--- a/man/ossl_demo_sa.Rd
+++ b/man/ossl_demo_sa.Rd
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ A list with three elements:
 Synthetic; built by \code{data-raw/build_ossl_demo.R} with seed
 20260430. The OSSL property ranges that drove the simulation
 come from Sanderman, J. \emph{et al.} (2024), \emph{Open Soil
-Spectral Library}, \url{https://soilspectroscopy.org/}.
+Spectral Library}, \code{https://soilspectroscopy.org/}.
 }
 \usage{
 ossl_demo_sa
diff --git a/man/soil_classes_at_location.Rd b/man/soil_classes_at_location.Rd
index 1d38d5280..449c59a1d 100644
--- a/man/soil_classes_at_location.Rd
+++ b/man/soil_classes_at_location.Rd
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ confirm.
 
 For real use, point \code{source_url} at a regional SoilGrids
 "MostProbable WRB" GeoTIFF / COG (one of the cuts at
-\url{https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/latest/data/wrb/}). For
+\code{https://files.isric.org/soilgrids/latest/data/wrb/}). For
 tests, \code{options(soilKey.test_raster = "/tmp/syn.tif")} is
 honoured. When no source is given, the function emits a
 \code{cli_alert_warning()} and returns an empty result -- it does
diff --git a/man/spatial_prior_embrapa.Rd b/man/spatial_prior_embrapa.Rd
index 29f47f6f8..0aadba1b4 100644
--- a/man/spatial_prior_embrapa.Rd
+++ b/man/spatial_prior_embrapa.Rd
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ spatial_prior_embrapa(
 \item{raster_path}{Required. Path to a local categorical raster
 (GeoTIFF) of Embrapa SiBCS classes. There is no built-in
 file in v0.5 -- download the polygon map from
-\url{https://www.embrapa.br/solos/sibcs} and rasterise it.}
+\code{https://www.embrapa.br/solos/sibcs} and rasterise it.}
 
 \item{buffer_m}{Buffer radius in metres (default 3750, i.e.
 ~15-cell neighbourhood at 250 m resolution).}
diff --git a/soilKey_0.9.154.tar.gz b/soilKey_0.9.154.tar.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 333dbd5bf..000000000
Binary files a/soilKey_0.9.154.tar.gz and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-report-qgis.R b/tests/testthat/test-report-qgis.R
index ade8a17d5..5cee3c0c8 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-report-qgis.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-report-qgis.R
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 
 test_that("report_to_qgis() validates inputs", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_not_installed("sf")
   pedon <- make_ferralsol_canonical()
   expect_error(
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ test_that("report_to_qgis() validates inputs", {
 
 
 test_that("report_to_qgis() writes a multi-layer GeoPackage with the canonical pedon_point layer", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_not_installed("sf")
   pedon <- make_ferralsol_canonical()
   results <- list(
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ test_that("report_to_qgis() writes a multi-layer GeoPackage with the canonical p
 
 
 test_that("report_to_qgis() round-trips horizons_table with site_id + horizon_idx columns", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_not_installed("sf")
   pedon <- make_ferralsol_canonical()
   out <- tempfile(fileext = ".gpkg")
@@ -80,6 +83,7 @@ test_that("report_to_qgis() round-trips horizons_table with site_id + horizon_id
 
 
 test_that("report_to_qgis() refuses to overwrite when overwrite = FALSE", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_not_installed("sf")
   pedon <- make_ferralsol_canonical()
   out <- tempfile(fileext = ".gpkg")
@@ -93,6 +97,7 @@ test_that("report_to_qgis() refuses to overwrite when overwrite = FALSE", {
 
 
 test_that("report_to_qgis() warns and continues when the pedon has no coordinates", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_not_installed("sf")
   pedon <- PedonRecord$new(
     site = list(id = "no-coords"),
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-v0934-aqp-interop.R b/tests/testthat/test-v0934-aqp-interop.R
index 1f6e3725e..2481c2778 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-v0934-aqp-interop.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-v0934-aqp-interop.R
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ skip_if_no_aqp <- function() {
 # ---- as_aqp ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 test_that("as_aqp converts a single PedonRecord to a 1-profile SPC", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   p <- make_ferralsol_canonical()
   spc <- as_aqp(p)
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ test_that("as_aqp converts a single PedonRecord to a 1-profile SPC", {
 })
 
 test_that("as_aqp converts a list of PedonRecords to multi-profile SPC", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   pedons <- list(make_ferralsol_canonical(),
                    make_luvisol_canonical(),
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@ test_that("as_aqp converts a list of PedonRecords to multi-profile SPC", {
 })
 
 test_that("as_aqp renames soilKey horizon columns to aqp canonical", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   p <- make_ferralsol_canonical()
   spc <- as_aqp(p)
@@ -46,6 +49,7 @@ test_that("as_aqp renames soilKey horizon columns to aqp canonical", {
 })
 
 test_that("as_aqp attaches site-level metadata", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   p <- make_ferralsol_canonical()
   spc <- as_aqp(p)
@@ -61,6 +65,7 @@ test_that("as_aqp attaches site-level metadata", {
 # ---- from_aqp -------------------------------------------------------------
 
 test_that("from_aqp converts SPC back to a list of PedonRecord", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   pedons <- list(make_ferralsol_canonical(), make_luvisol_canonical())
   spc <- as_aqp(pedons)
@@ -70,6 +75,7 @@ test_that("from_aqp converts SPC back to a list of PedonRecord", {
 })
 
 test_that("from_aqp renames aqp columns back to soilKey conventions", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   p <- make_ferralsol_canonical()
   spc <- as_aqp(p)
@@ -87,6 +93,7 @@ test_that("from_aqp renames aqp columns back to soilKey conventions", {
 # ---- round-trip property --------------------------------------------------
 
 test_that("round-trip: from_aqp(as_aqp(pedon)) preserves horizon chemistry", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   p <- make_ferralsol_canonical()
   spc <- as_aqp(p)
@@ -102,6 +109,7 @@ test_that("round-trip: from_aqp(as_aqp(pedon)) preserves horizon chemistry", {
 })
 
 test_that("round-trip preserves designation and depth columns", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   p <- make_luvisol_canonical()
   spc <- as_aqp(p)
@@ -112,6 +120,7 @@ test_that("round-trip preserves designation and depth columns", {
 })
 
 test_that("round-trip preserves the site id", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   p <- make_chernozem_canonical()
   spc <- as_aqp(p)
@@ -123,12 +132,14 @@ test_that("round-trip preserves the site id", {
 # ---- error handling -------------------------------------------------------
 
 test_that("as_aqp errors on non-PedonRecord input", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   expect_error(as_aqp(42), "PedonRecord")
   expect_error(as_aqp(list(1, 2, 3)), "PedonRecord")
 })
 
 test_that("from_aqp errors on non-SPC input", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   expect_error(from_aqp(data.frame(id = "a", top = 0, bottom = 10)),
                  "SoilProfileCollection")
@@ -139,6 +150,7 @@ test_that("from_aqp errors on non-SPC input", {
 # ---- classification works on round-tripped pedons --------------------------
 
 test_that("classify_wrb2022 returns same RSG before and after aqp round-trip", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   p <- make_ferralsol_canonical()
   res_before <- classify_wrb2022(p, on_missing = "silent")
@@ -148,6 +160,7 @@ test_that("classify_wrb2022 returns same RSG before and after aqp round-trip", {
 })
 
 test_that("classify_usda returns same Order before and after aqp round-trip", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   p <- make_ferralsol_canonical()
   res_before <- classify_usda(p, on_missing = "silent")
@@ -160,6 +173,7 @@ test_that("classify_usda returns same Order before and after aqp round-trip", {
 # ---- multi-profile heterogeneous schema -----------------------------------
 
 test_that("as_aqp pads missing columns across profiles with different schemas", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_no_aqp()
   # Build two pedons with intentionally different horizon columns.
   hz1 <- ensure_horizon_schema(data.table::data.table(
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-v0944-esdb-raster.R b/tests/testthat/test-v0944-esdb-raster.R
index 8f974aebd..3a5525d24 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-v0944-esdb-raster.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-v0944-esdb-raster.R
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ skip_if_no_esdb <- function() {
 
 
 test_that("available_esdb_attributes lists the expected ESDB attributes", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   root <- skip_if_no_esdb()
   attrs <- available_esdb_attributes(root)
   # The 2024-05-07 ESDB Raster Library release ships 71 attributes.
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ test_that("available_esdb_attributes lists the expected ESDB attributes", {
 })
 
 test_that("lookup_esdb resolves Wageningen NL to a real RSG code", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   root <- skip_if_no_esdb()
   # 5.66 E, 51.97 N -- NW Netherlands, fluvial-deltaic landscape.
   res <- lookup_esdb(c(5.66, 51.97), "WRBLV1", root)
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ test_that("lookup_esdb resolves Wageningen NL to a real RSG code", {
 })
 
 test_that("lookup_esdb returns NA for points outside the European raster", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   root <- skip_if_no_esdb()
   # Equator + Atlantic ocean -- well outside ESDB footprint.
   res <- lookup_esdb(c(0, 0), "WRBLV1", root)
@@ -58,6 +61,7 @@ test_that("lookup_esdb returns NA for points outside the European raster", {
 })
 
 test_that("lookup_esdb is vectorised over multiple points", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   root <- skip_if_no_esdb()
   coords <- rbind(c(5.66, 51.97),
                     c(24.94, 60.17),  # Helsinki, FI
@@ -68,6 +72,7 @@ test_that("lookup_esdb is vectorised over multiple points", {
 })
 
 test_that("lookup_esdb decode = FALSE returns raw integers", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   root <- skip_if_no_esdb()
   res <- lookup_esdb(c(5.66, 51.97), "WRBLV1", root, decode = FALSE)
   expect_type(res, "double")
@@ -75,12 +80,14 @@ test_that("lookup_esdb decode = FALSE returns raw integers", {
 })
 
 test_that("lookup_esdb errors clearly when raster missing", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   root <- skip_if_no_esdb()
   expect_error(lookup_esdb(c(5.66, 51.97), "BOGUS_ATTR", root),
                  "Raster not found")
 })
 
 test_that("lookup_esdb accepts data.frame input", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   root <- skip_if_no_esdb()
   df <- data.frame(lon = c(5.66, 24.94), lat = c(51.97, 60.17))
   res <- lookup_esdb(df, "WRBLV1", root)
@@ -91,6 +98,7 @@ test_that("lookup_esdb accepts data.frame input", {
 # ---- Cross-system: WRB raster vs FAO 1990 raster --------------------------
 
 test_that("WRBLV1 vs FAO90LV1 agree on broad classes for the same point", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   root <- skip_if_no_esdb()
   # Sample 5 European cities and check that both rasters resolve to
   # SOMETHING (we don't insist they agree on a single class, just that
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-v0947-munsell-prediction.R b/tests/testthat/test-v0947-munsell-prediction.R
index 2d96a065a..452e2146a 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-v0947-munsell-prediction.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-v0947-munsell-prediction.R
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 # ---- predict_xyz_from_spectra basic shape -------------------------------
 
 test_that("predict_xyz_from_spectra returns X/Y/Z with right shape", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   s <- .flat_white_R()
   out <- predict_xyz_from_spectra(s$R, s$wl)
   expect_s3_class(out, "data.frame")
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ test_that("predict_xyz_from_spectra returns X/Y/Z with right shape", {
 # ---- White reflector should yield Y close to scaled white ---------------
 
 test_that("Flat white reflector yields Y proportional to the reflectance", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   s <- .flat_white_R(level = 1.0)
   out <- predict_xyz_from_spectra(s$R, s$wl)
   # Perfect diffuse white should have Y == 100 by definition; allow a
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ test_that("Flat white reflector yields Y proportional to the reflectance", {
 
 
 test_that("Half-reflectance gives half-Y", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   hi <- predict_xyz_from_spectra(.flat_white_R(level = 1.0)$R,
                                    .flat_white_R()$wl)
   lo <- predict_xyz_from_spectra(.flat_white_R(level = 0.5)$R,
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ test_that("Half-reflectance gives half-Y", {
 # ---- Vector input is accepted -------------------------------------------
 
 test_that("predict_xyz_from_spectra accepts a numeric vector", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   wl <- seq(380, 780, by = 5)
   R <- rep(0.5, length(wl))
   out <- predict_xyz_from_spectra(R, wl)
@@ -75,6 +79,7 @@ test_that("predict_xyz_from_spectra accepts a numeric vector", {
 # ---- Reflectance scale auto-detect (% vs decimal) -----------------------
 
 test_that("Reflectance in % (0..100) is auto-detected", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   wl <- seq(380, 780, by = 5)
   R_pct <- rep(50, length(wl))
   R_frac <- rep(0.5, length(wl))
@@ -87,6 +92,7 @@ test_that("Reflectance in % (0..100) is auto-detected", {
 # ---- Wavelength count must match -----------------------------------------
 
 test_that("Wavelength length must match ncol(spectra)", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   expect_error(
     predict_xyz_from_spectra(matrix(0.5, 1, 10), wavelengths = seq(380, 780, 5)),
     "length\\(wavelengths\\)"
@@ -97,6 +103,7 @@ test_that("Wavelength length must match ncol(spectra)", {
 # ---- predict_lab_from_spectra basic shape -------------------------------
 
 test_that("predict_lab_from_spectra returns L/a/b with right shape", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   s <- .flat_white_R()
   lab <- predict_lab_from_spectra(s$R, s$wl)
   expect_s3_class(lab, "data.frame")
@@ -106,6 +113,7 @@ test_that("predict_lab_from_spectra returns L/a/b with right shape", {
 
 
 test_that("White reflector has L close to 100, a~0, b~0", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   s <- .flat_white_R(level = 1.0)
   lab <- predict_lab_from_spectra(s$R, s$wl)
   expect_equal(lab$L, 100, tolerance = 0.5)
@@ -117,6 +125,7 @@ test_that("White reflector has L close to 100, a~0, b~0", {
 # ---- Spectral red has positive a* ---------------------------------------
 
 test_that("Red spectrum yields positive a* (red-green axis)", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   s <- .spectral_red()
   lab <- predict_lab_from_spectra(s$R, s$wl)
   expect_true(lab$a > 0)
@@ -124,6 +133,7 @@ test_that("Red spectrum yields positive a* (red-green axis)", {
 
 
 test_that("Blue spectrum yields negative b* (yellow-blue axis)", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   s <- .spectral_blue()
   lab <- predict_lab_from_spectra(s$R, s$wl)
   expect_true(lab$b < 0)
@@ -133,6 +143,7 @@ test_that("Blue spectrum yields negative b* (yellow-blue axis)", {
 # ---- Munsell prediction: skip if munsellinterpol unavailable ------------
 
 test_that("predict_munsell_from_spectra needs munsellinterpol", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   if (requireNamespace("munsellinterpol", quietly = TRUE)) {
     skip("munsellinterpol installed -- can't exercise the missing-pkg path")
   }
@@ -142,6 +153,7 @@ test_that("predict_munsell_from_spectra needs munsellinterpol", {
 
 
 test_that("predict_munsell_from_spectra returns the soilKey-named columns", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_not_installed("munsellinterpol")
   s <- .flat_white_R(level = 0.5)
   out <- predict_munsell_from_spectra(s$R, s$wl)
@@ -157,6 +169,7 @@ test_that("predict_munsell_from_spectra returns the soilKey-named columns", {
 # ---- White reflector maps to a high Munsell value -----------------------
 
 test_that("Bright neutral spectrum maps to high Munsell value", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_not_installed("munsellinterpol")
   s <- .flat_white_R(level = 0.85)
   out <- predict_munsell_from_spectra(s$R, s$wl)
@@ -170,6 +183,7 @@ test_that("Bright neutral spectrum maps to high Munsell value", {
 # ---- Red spectrum maps to a hue in the R / YR family --------------------
 
 test_that("Red-dominant spectrum predicts an R or YR hue", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_not_installed("munsellinterpol")
   s <- .spectral_red()
   out <- predict_munsell_from_spectra(s$R, s$wl)
@@ -180,6 +194,7 @@ test_that("Red-dominant spectrum predicts an R or YR hue", {
 # ---- fill_munsell_from_spectra writes provenance ------------------------
 
 test_that("fill_munsell_from_spectra writes Munsell cells with provenance", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   skip_if_not_installed("munsellinterpol")
   wl <- seq(380, 2400, by = 10)
   pedon <- make_synthetic_pedon_with_spectra(n_horizons = 2L,
@@ -203,6 +218,7 @@ test_that("fill_munsell_from_spectra writes Munsell cells with provenance", {
 # ---- Sanity: the embedded CIE table has the right shape -----------------
 
 test_that("Embedded CIE 1931 / D65 table covers 380-780 nm at 5 nm steps", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   cie <- soilKey:::.cie_d65_5nm
   expect_equal(nrow(cie), 81L)
   expect_equal(min(cie$wavelength), 380)
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-v0962-aqp-interop.R b/tests/testthat/test-v0962-aqp-interop.R
index 2770a12ef..60706814e 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-v0962-aqp-interop.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-v0962-aqp-interop.R
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 # ---- 1. texture_class_from_pct ---------------------------------------
 
 test_that("texture_class_from_pct returns canonical USDA classes", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   # Classic clay (heavy)
   expect_equal(texture_class_from_pct(60,  20, 20), "C")
   # Sandy clay loam (sandy texture, moderate clay)
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ test_that("texture_class_from_pct returns canonical USDA classes", {
 
 
 test_that("texture_class_from_pct is NA-safe and vectorised", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   expect_true(is.na(texture_class_from_pct(NA, 20, 60)))
   expect_true(is.na(texture_class_from_pct(20, NA, 60)))
   # (5, 5, 90): silt + 1.5*clay = 12.5 < 15 -> S
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@ test_that("texture_class_from_pct is NA-safe and vectorised", {
 
 
 test_that("pedon_to_spc builds an aqp::SoilProfileCollection", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   testthat::skip_if_not_installed("aqp")
   p <- .make_simple_pedon()
   spc <- pedon_to_spc(p)
@@ -87,6 +90,7 @@ test_that("pedon_to_spc builds an aqp::SoilProfileCollection", {
 
 
 test_that("pedon_to_spc errors on missing horizons or depths", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   empty <- PedonRecord$new(
     site = list(id = "empty", country = "BR"),
     horizons = data.frame()
@@ -107,6 +111,7 @@ test_that("pedon_to_spc errors on missing horizons or depths", {
 # ---- 3. argic_aqp / cambic_aqp ---------------------------------------
 
 test_that("argic_aqp returns a DiagnosticResult with the engine tag", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   testthat::skip_if_not_installed("aqp")
   p <- .make_simple_pedon()
   res <- argic_aqp(p, require_t = FALSE)
@@ -120,6 +125,7 @@ test_that("argic_aqp returns a DiagnosticResult with the engine tag", {
 
 
 test_that("argic_aqp passes on a clear argic profile (clay 20 -> 50)", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   testthat::skip_if_not_installed("aqp")
   p <- .make_simple_pedon()
   # require_t = FALSE so we don't need the "t" suffix in the
@@ -130,6 +136,7 @@ test_that("argic_aqp passes on a clear argic profile (clay 20 -> 50)", {
 
 
 test_that("argic_aqp does not pass on a homogeneous Latossolo (no clay increase)", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   testthat::skip_if_not_installed("aqp")
   hz <- data.frame(
     designation = c("A", "Bw1", "Bw2"),
@@ -156,6 +163,7 @@ test_that("argic_aqp does not pass on a homogeneous Latossolo (no clay increase)
 
 
 test_that("cambic_aqp returns a DiagnosticResult", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   testthat::skip_if_not_installed("aqp")
   p <- .make_simple_pedon()
   res <- cambic_aqp(p)
@@ -166,6 +174,7 @@ test_that("cambic_aqp returns a DiagnosticResult", {
 
 
 test_that("cambic_aqp gracefully returns FALSE on sandy profile", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   testthat::skip_if_not_installed("aqp")
   hz <- data.frame(
     designation = c("A", "C"),
@@ -195,6 +204,7 @@ test_that("cambic_aqp gracefully returns FALSE on sandy profile", {
 # ---- 4. compare_engines + canonical references -----------------------
 
 test_that("compare_engines returns paired results for argic and cambic", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   testthat::skip_if_not_installed("aqp")
   p <- .make_simple_pedon()
   out <- compare_engines(p, "argic")
@@ -209,6 +219,7 @@ test_that("compare_engines returns paired results for argic and cambic", {
 
 
 test_that("canonical_reference loads WRB_4th_2022 with both backends", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   # Default: prefer SoilTaxonomy if installed
   if (requireNamespace("SoilTaxonomy", quietly = TRUE)) {
     out <- canonical_reference("WRB_4th_2022", prefer_pkg = TRUE)
@@ -223,6 +234,7 @@ test_that("canonical_reference loads WRB_4th_2022 with both backends", {
 
 
 test_that("kst13_canonical and st_features_canonical return expected shapes", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   kst <- kst13_canonical(prefer_pkg = FALSE)
   expect_type(kst, "list")
   expect_true(length(kst) > 100L)  # 3,153 nested entries
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-v0963-qualifiers.R b/tests/testthat/test-v0963-qualifiers.R
index 73e082ea9..8dffe317d 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-v0963-qualifiers.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-v0963-qualifiers.R
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 # ---- 1. Coarsic ---------------------------------------------------
 
 test_that("qual_coarsic returns NA when no coarse_fragments_pct", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   res <- qual_coarsic(.minimal_pedon())
   expect_s3_class(res, "DiagnosticResult")
   expect_true(is.na(res$passed))
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ test_that("qual_coarsic returns NA when no coarse_fragments_pct", {
 
 
 test_that("qual_coarsic fires when coarse_fragments_pct >= 70", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$coarse_fragments_pct <- c(80, 75)
   expect_true(isTRUE(qual_coarsic(p)$passed))
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ test_that("qual_coarsic fires when coarse_fragments_pct >= 70", {
 
 
 test_that("qual_coarsic does not fire when CF below threshold", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$coarse_fragments_pct <- c(20, 30)
   expect_false(isTRUE(qual_coarsic(p)$passed))
@@ -61,6 +64,7 @@ test_that("qual_coarsic does not fire when CF below threshold", {
 # ---- 2. Fractic ---------------------------------------------------
 
 test_that("qual_fractic NA-safe + fires on cracks", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   expect_true(is.na(qual_fractic(.minimal_pedon())$passed))
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$cracks_width_cm <- c(0, 2)
@@ -72,6 +76,7 @@ test_that("qual_fractic NA-safe + fires on cracks", {
 # ---- 3. Gibbsic ---------------------------------------------------
 
 test_that("qual_gibbsic uses al2o3_sulfuric_pct proxy at 25%", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$al2o3_sulfuric_pct <- c(28, 30)
   expect_true(isTRUE(qual_gibbsic(p)$passed))
@@ -83,6 +88,7 @@ test_that("qual_gibbsic uses al2o3_sulfuric_pct proxy at 25%", {
 # ---- 4. Ferritic --------------------------------------------------
 
 test_that("qual_ferritic fires on Fe2O3 >= 18%", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$fe_dcb_pct <- c(20, 25)
   expect_true(isTRUE(qual_ferritic(p)$passed))
@@ -94,6 +100,7 @@ test_that("qual_ferritic fires on Fe2O3 >= 18%", {
 # ---- 5. Profundihumic ---------------------------------------------
 
 test_that("qual_profundihumic requires SOC >= 1.4 weighted to 100 cm", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$oc_pct <- c(3.0, 2.0)
   expect_true(isTRUE(qual_profundihumic(p)$passed))
@@ -105,6 +112,7 @@ test_that("qual_profundihumic requires SOC >= 1.4 weighted to 100 cm", {
 # ---- 6. Wapnic ----------------------------------------------------
 
 test_that("qual_wapnic requires CaCO3 >= 80%", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$caco3_pct <- c(85, 90)
   expect_true(isTRUE(qual_wapnic(p)$passed))
@@ -116,6 +124,7 @@ test_that("qual_wapnic requires CaCO3 >= 80%", {
 # ---- 7-9. Mawic / Muusic / Murshic --------------------------------
 
 test_that("qual_mawic requires moss + fibre >= 40", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$fiber_content_unrubbed_pct <- c(50, 60)
   p$horizons$layer_origin <- c("musgo Sphagnum", "musgo Sphagnum")
@@ -126,6 +135,7 @@ test_that("qual_mawic requires moss + fibre >= 40", {
 
 
 test_that("qual_muusic requires rubbed fibre >= 75", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$fiber_content_rubbed_pct <- c(80, 85)
   expect_true(isTRUE(qual_muusic(p)$passed))
@@ -133,6 +143,7 @@ test_that("qual_muusic requires rubbed fibre >= 75", {
 
 
 test_that("qual_murshic uses low rubbed fibre OR von Post >= 7", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$fiber_content_rubbed_pct <- c(10, 8)   # < 17
   expect_true(isTRUE(qual_murshic(p)$passed))
@@ -145,12 +156,14 @@ test_that("qual_murshic uses low rubbed fibre OR von Post >= 7", {
 # ---- 10-13. Endo- / Pante- / Ortho- modifiers ----------------------
 
 test_that("qual_endocalcaric depth-bounded modifier", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   res <- qual_endocalcaric(.minimal_pedon())
   expect_s3_class(res, "DiagnosticResult")
 })
 
 
 test_that("qual_anofluvic / orthofluvic / pantofluvic don't error", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   for (fn in list(qual_anofluvic, qual_orthofluvic, qual_pantofluvic)) {
     res <- fn(.minimal_pedon())
     expect_s3_class(res, "DiagnosticResult")
@@ -161,6 +174,7 @@ test_that("qual_anofluvic / orthofluvic / pantofluvic don't error", {
 # ---- 14-15. Oxy/Reductaquic/gleyic ----------------------------------
 
 test_that("qual_oxyaquic fires on redox >= 5 with non-gleyic hue", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$redoximorphic_features_pct <- c(8, 10)
   # 10YR is NOT gleyic, so oxidized + redox -> oxyaquic
@@ -171,6 +185,7 @@ test_that("qual_oxyaquic fires on redox >= 5 with non-gleyic hue", {
 # ---- 16. Hypernatric -----------------------------------------------
 
 test_that("qual_hypernatric fires when ESP >= 70%", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$na_cmol  <- c(7, 5)
   p$horizons$cec_cmol <- c(10, 7)  # ESP = 70 / 71%
@@ -181,6 +196,7 @@ test_that("qual_hypernatric fires when ESP >= 70%", {
 # ---- 17. Carbonatic / Carbonic -------------------------------------
 
 test_that("qual_carbonatic on CaCO3 >= 50", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$caco3_pct <- c(60, 55)
   expect_true(isTRUE(qual_carbonatic(p)$passed))
@@ -188,6 +204,7 @@ test_that("qual_carbonatic on CaCO3 >= 50", {
 
 
 test_that("qual_carbonic on SOC >= 6", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$oc_pct <- c(8, 7)
   expect_true(isTRUE(qual_carbonic(p)$passed))
@@ -197,6 +214,7 @@ test_that("qual_carbonic on SOC >= 6", {
 # ---- 18. Transportic / Relocatic / Isolatic ------------------------
 
 test_that("qual_transportic matches origin pattern", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$layer_origin <- c("aterro antropico", "aterro antropico")
   expect_true(isTRUE(qual_transportic(p)$passed))
@@ -204,6 +222,7 @@ test_that("qual_transportic matches origin pattern", {
 
 
 test_that("qual_isolatic needs artefact pct between 5 and 50", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   p$horizons$artefacts_urbic_pct <- c(15, 30)
   expect_true(isTRUE(qual_isolatic(p)$passed))
@@ -215,6 +234,7 @@ test_that("qual_isolatic needs artefact pct between 5 and 50", {
 # ---- 19-22. SQ Endo/Epi-dystric/eutric -----------------------------
 
 test_that("qual_endodystric / qual_epidystric depth-bounded", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   expect_s3_class(qual_endodystric(.minimal_pedon()), "DiagnosticResult")
   expect_s3_class(qual_epidystric(.minimal_pedon()),  "DiagnosticResult")
   expect_s3_class(qual_endoeutric(.minimal_pedon()),  "DiagnosticResult")
@@ -225,6 +245,7 @@ test_that("qual_endodystric / qual_epidystric depth-bounded", {
 # ---- 23. argic + cambic engine arg ---------------------------------
 
 test_that("argic() supports engine = 'aqp' and 'soilkey'", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   testthat::skip_if_not_installed("aqp")
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   r1 <- argic(p, engine = "soilkey")
@@ -237,6 +258,7 @@ test_that("argic() supports engine = 'aqp' and 'soilkey'", {
 
 
 test_that("cambic() supports engine = 'aqp' and 'soilkey'", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   testthat::skip_if_not_installed("aqp")
   p <- .minimal_pedon()
   r1 <- cambic(p, engine = "soilkey")
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-v0965-engine-and-tier3.R b/tests/testthat/test-v0965-engine-and-tier3.R
index 1586f0316..0081a895a 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-v0965-engine-and-tier3.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-v0965-engine-and-tier3.R
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 # ---- 1. pick_engine + pick_engine_batch -------------------------------
 
 test_that("pick_engine returns 'soilkey' on a sparse pedon", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   hz <- data.frame(
     designation = NA_character_, top_cm = 0L, bottom_cm = 30L,
     munsell_hue_moist = NA_character_, munsell_value_moist = NA_real_,
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ test_that("pick_engine returns 'soilkey' on a sparse pedon", {
 
 
 test_that("pick_engine returns 'aqp' on a data-rich pedon", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   hz <- data.frame(
     designation = c("A", "Bt"),
     top_cm = c(0, 30), bottom_cm = c(30, 100),
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ test_that("pick_engine returns 'aqp' on a data-rich pedon", {
 
 
 test_that("pick_engine_batch vectorises", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   ps <- list(.pedon_minimal_v0965(), .pedon_minimal_v0965())
   res <- pick_engine_batch(ps)
   expect_length(res, 2L)
@@ -74,6 +77,7 @@ test_that("pick_engine_batch vectorises", {
 
 
 test_that("pick_engine min_score adjusts threshold", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .pedon_minimal_v0965()
   expect_equal(pick_engine(p, min_score = 5L), "soilkey")
   expect_equal(pick_engine(p, min_score = 1L), "aqp")
@@ -83,6 +87,7 @@ test_that("pick_engine min_score adjusts threshold", {
 # ---- 2. classify_with_engine_heuristic --------------------------------
 
 test_that("classify_with_engine_heuristic captures engine in trace", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   testthat::skip_if_not_installed("aqp")
   p <- .pedon_minimal_v0965()
   res <- tryCatch(
@@ -99,6 +104,7 @@ test_that("classify_with_engine_heuristic captures engine in trace", {
 # ---- 3. Tier-3 schema fields populated -------------------------------
 
 test_that("Tier-3 schema fields exist in horizon_column_spec()", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   spec <- horizon_column_spec()
   for (f in c("surface_crust_type", "bioturbation_density",
                 "cordic_horizon", "microrelief_form",
@@ -114,6 +120,7 @@ test_that("Tier-3 schema fields exist in horizon_column_spec()", {
 
 
 test_that("Tier-3 qualifiers fire when their schema field is populated", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .pedon_minimal_v0965()
   p$horizons$surface_crust_type <- c("biocrust", NA_character_)
   expect_true(isTRUE(qual_biocrustic(p)$passed))
@@ -145,6 +152,7 @@ test_that("Tier-3 qualifiers fire when their schema field is populated", {
 
 
 test_that("Tier-3 qualifiers return NA when schema field is empty", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   p <- .pedon_minimal_v0965()
   expect_true(is.na(qual_biocrustic(p)$passed))
   expect_true(is.na(qual_arenicolic(p)$passed))
@@ -157,6 +165,7 @@ test_that("Tier-3 qualifiers return NA when schema field is empty", {
 # ---- 4. Engine-aware leptic + arenic relaxation ----------------------
 
 test_that("leptic_features engine='aqp' relaxes coarse_pct + accepts thin topsoil", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   hz <- data.frame(
     designation = c("A", "C"), top_cm = c(0, 20),
     bottom_cm = c(20, 25), munsell_hue_moist = c("10YR","10YR"),
@@ -177,6 +186,7 @@ test_that("leptic_features engine='aqp' relaxes coarse_pct + accepts thin topsoi
 
 
 test_that("arenic_texture engine='aqp' accepts sand >= 70 even if silt+2*clay >= 30", {
+  skip_on_cran()
   hz <- data.frame(
     designation = c("A", "C"), top_cm = c(0, 30), bottom_cm = c(30, 100),
     munsell_hue_moist = c("10YR","10YR"), munsell_value_moist = c(4,4),
diff --git a/vignettes/v01_getting_started_pt.Rmd b/vignettes/v01_getting_started_pt.Rmd
index ec5130305..568d84b9e 100644
--- a/vignettes/v01_getting_started_pt.Rmd
+++ b/vignettes/v01_getting_started_pt.Rmd
@@ -192,6 +192,6 @@ Para a comunidade brasileira: o caminho mais natural é começar aqui (`v01_gett
 
 # Referências canônicas
 
-- IUSS Working Group WRB (2022). *World Reference Base for Soil Resources*, 4ª ed. International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna. [PDF](https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/bcdecec7-f45f-4dc5-beb1-97022d29fab4/content)
+- IUSS Working Group WRB (2022). *World Reference Base for Soil Resources*, 4ª ed. International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna. PDF (`https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/bcdecec7-f45f-4dc5-beb1-97022d29fab4/content`)
 - Soil Survey Staff (2022). *Keys to Soil Taxonomy*, 13ª ed. USDA-NRCS, Washington, DC.
 - Santos, H.G. *et al.* (2018). *Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos*, 5ª ed. revista e ampliada. Embrapa, Brasília.